Review
Version 1
Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed
The Effects of SARS-CoV-2 on Angiopoietin/Tie Axis and Vascular Endothelium
Version 1
: Received: 2 February 2024 / Approved: 5 February 2024 / Online: 5 February 2024 (10:53:36 CET)
A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.
Janchivlamdan, D.; Shivkumar, M.; Singh, H. The Effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the Angiopoietin/Tie Axis and the Vascular Endothelium. Encyclopedia 2024, 4, 544-557. Janchivlamdan, D.; Shivkumar, M.; Singh, H. The Effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the Angiopoietin/Tie Axis and the Vascular Endothelium. Encyclopedia 2024, 4, 544-557.
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can cause potentially life-threatening coronavirus disease (COVID-19). COVID-19 is a multisystem disease and is associated with significant respiratory distress, systemic hyper inflammation, vasculitis and multi-organ failures. SARS-CoV-2 causes deterioration of numerous systems with increasing evidence implying that COVID-19 affects endothelium and vascular function. The endothelium is important for preserving vascular tone and homeostasis. The overactivation and dysfunction of endothelial cells are significant outcomes of severity in patients with COVID-19. The Angiopoietin 1/Tie 2 pathway plays an important role in endothelium quiescence and vessel stability. The disruption of Angiopoietins/Tie balance affects vessel contact barrier and leads to vessel leakage, and this in turn causes endothelial dysfunction. Although vascular instability through SARS-CoV-2 is associated with endothelial dysfunction, it is still not understood if the virus affects Angiopoietin/Tie axis directly or via other mechanisms such as cytokine storm and/or immune response associated with the infection. This review provides an overview of the impact SARS-CoV-2 has on endothelial function and more specifically the Angiopoietin/Tie pathway.
Keywords
SARS-CoV-2; Endothelial cell; Angiopoietin; Tie1/2; ACE2; inflammatory cytokines
Subject
Medicine and Pharmacology, Cardiac and Cardiovascular Systems
Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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