Review
Version 1
Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed
Catestatin: Antimicrobial Functions and Potential Therapeutics
Version 1
: Received: 1 April 2023 / Approved: 3 April 2023 / Online: 3 April 2023 (08:21:44 CEST)
A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.
Jati, S.; Mahata, S.; Das, S.; Chatterjee, S.; Mahata, S.K. Catestatin: Antimicrobial Functions and Potential Therapeutics. Pharmaceutics 2023, 15, 1550. Jati, S.; Mahata, S.; Das, S.; Chatterjee, S.; Mahata, S.K. Catestatin: Antimicrobial Functions and Potential Therapeutics. Pharmaceutics 2023, 15, 1550.
Abstract
The Chromogranin A (CgA)-derived peptide Catestatin (CST: hCgA352-372) is highly conserved (>90% in 90% species) in mammalian species. The highest-evolved primates show 58.8% similarity with the lowest-evolved monotremes. CST was initially identified as a physiological brake in catecholamine secretion by inhibiting nicotinic-cholinergic signaling. CST also inhibits desensitization of catecholamine secretion, indicating that CST can act both as a cholinergic antagonist (short-term) and as a cholinergic agonist (long-term). The long-term effect sustains catecholamine secretion during stressful situations. CST is now established as a pleiotropic hormone: it affects the cardiovascular system by lowering blood pressure and cardiac contractility, enhancing baroreflex sensitivity, increasing heart rate variability, and promoting angiogenesis; and it increases insulin sensitivity by reducing inflammation, inhibiting hepatic glucose production, attenuating endoplasmic reticulum stress, and inducing glycogen production. The present review will highlight the important direct and indirect effects of CST, CST1-15 (aka cateslytin), D-CST1-15 (where L-amino acids were changed to D-amino acids), and human variants of CST (Gly364Ser-CST and Pro370Leu-CST) on microbial growth inhibition and their potential as therapy for antibiotic-resistant pathogenic microbes.
Keywords
Chromogranin A; catestatin; gut microbiome; antimicrobial peptide; cell permeable peptide
Subject
Medicine and Pharmacology, Endocrinology and Metabolism
Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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