Maiuolo, J.; Bosco, F.; Guarnieri, L.; Nucera, S.; Ruga, S.; Oppedisano, F.; Tucci, L.; Muscoli, C.; Palma, E.; Giuffrè, A.M.; Mollace, V. Protective Role of an Extract Waste Product from Citrus bergamia in an In Vitro Model of Neurodegeneration. Plants2023, 12, 2126.
Maiuolo, J.; Bosco, F.; Guarnieri, L.; Nucera, S.; Ruga, S.; Oppedisano, F.; Tucci, L.; Muscoli, C.; Palma, E.; Giuffrè, A.M.; Mollace, V. Protective Role of an Extract Waste Product from Citrus bergamia in an In Vitro Model of Neurodegeneration. Plants 2023, 12, 2126.
Maiuolo, J.; Bosco, F.; Guarnieri, L.; Nucera, S.; Ruga, S.; Oppedisano, F.; Tucci, L.; Muscoli, C.; Palma, E.; Giuffrè, A.M.; Mollace, V. Protective Role of an Extract Waste Product from Citrus bergamia in an In Vitro Model of Neurodegeneration. Plants2023, 12, 2126.
Maiuolo, J.; Bosco, F.; Guarnieri, L.; Nucera, S.; Ruga, S.; Oppedisano, F.; Tucci, L.; Muscoli, C.; Palma, E.; Giuffrè, A.M.; Mollace, V. Protective Role of an Extract Waste Product from Citrus bergamia in an In Vitro Model of Neurodegeneration. Plants 2023, 12, 2126.
Abstract
A balanced diet model, rich in fruits and vegetables and ensuring the intake of natural products, has been shown to reduce or prevent the occurrence of many chronic diseases. However, the choice to consume large quantities of fruits and vegetables leads to an increase in the amount of waste, which can cause the alteration in environmental sustainability. To date, the concept of "by-product" has evolved, understood as a waste product, from which it is still possible obtain useful compounds. Therefore, the by-products in the agricultural sector, are a rich source of bioactive compounds, capable to possess a second life, decreasing the amount of waste products, the disposal costs and the environmental pollution.
A promising and well-known citrus of the Mediterranean diet is the bergamot (Citrus bergamia, Risso et Poiteau). The composition of bergamot is known and the rich presence of phenolic compounds and essential oils has justified countless beneficial properties found, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-cholesterolemic and protective activity for the immune system, heart failure and coronary heart diseases. The industrial processing of bergamot fruits leads to the formation of bergamot juice and bergamot oil. The solid residues, referred as "pastazzo", are normally used as feed for livestock or pectin production. The fiber of bergamot (BF) can be obtained from pastazzo and could exert an interesting effect thanks to its content of polyphenols.
The purpose of this work was to test the effects of BF on an in vitro model of neurotoxicity induced by treatment with amyloid beta protein. In particular, this experimental model included both neurons and oligodendrocytes in order to measure the involvement of the glia and compare it with the neurons one. The results obtained showed a protective activity of BF, although the oligodendrocytes were more sensitive and fragile than neurons. Further experiments are necessary and if the trend was confirmed, solid residues of bergamot could be used in AD, and, at the same time, could help to avoid the accumulation of waste products.
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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