PreprintArticleVersion 1Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed
Bixafen, Prothioconazole, and Trifloxystrobin Alone or in Combination Affect Health Related Gene Expression in Honey Bees from Nutritionally Deprived versus Protein Supplemented Colonies
Version 1
: Received: 2 May 2024 / Approved: 3 May 2024 / Online: 3 May 2024 (07:36:53 CEST)
How to cite:
Kato, A. Y.; Freitas, T. A. L.; Gomes, C. R. A.; Alves, T. R. R.; Ferraz, Y. M. M.; Trivellato, M. F.; De Jong, D.; Biller, J. D.; Nicodemo, D. Bixafen, Prothioconazole, and Trifloxystrobin Alone or in Combination Affect Health Related Gene Expression in Honey Bees from Nutritionally Deprived versus Protein Supplemented Colonies. Preprints2024, 2024050166. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202405.0166.v1
Kato, A. Y.; Freitas, T. A. L.; Gomes, C. R. A.; Alves, T. R. R.; Ferraz, Y. M. M.; Trivellato, M. F.; De Jong, D.; Biller, J. D.; Nicodemo, D. Bixafen, Prothioconazole, and Trifloxystrobin Alone or in Combination Affect Health Related Gene Expression in Honey Bees from Nutritionally Deprived versus Protein Supplemented Colonies. Preprints 2024, 2024050166. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202405.0166.v1
Kato, A. Y.; Freitas, T. A. L.; Gomes, C. R. A.; Alves, T. R. R.; Ferraz, Y. M. M.; Trivellato, M. F.; De Jong, D.; Biller, J. D.; Nicodemo, D. Bixafen, Prothioconazole, and Trifloxystrobin Alone or in Combination Affect Health Related Gene Expression in Honey Bees from Nutritionally Deprived versus Protein Supplemented Colonies. Preprints2024, 2024050166. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202405.0166.v1
APA Style
Kato, A. Y., Freitas, T. A. L., Gomes, C. R. A., Alves, T. R. R., Ferraz, Y. M. M., Trivellato, M. F., De Jong, D., Biller, J. D., & Nicodemo, D. (2024). Bixafen, Prothioconazole, and Trifloxystrobin Alone or in Combination Affect Health Related Gene Expression in Honey Bees from Nutritionally Deprived versus Protein Supplemented Colonies. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202405.0166.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Kato, A. Y., Jaqueline D. Biller and Daniel Nicodemo. 2024 "Bixafen, Prothioconazole, and Trifloxystrobin Alone or in Combination Affect Health Related Gene Expression in Honey Bees from Nutritionally Deprived versus Protein Supplemented Colonies" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202405.0166.v1
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether alterations in food availability compromise the metabolic homeostasis of honey bees exposed to three fungicides alone or together. Ten honey bee colonies were utilized, with half receiving energy-protein supplementation for 15 weeks while another five colonies had their protein supply reduced with pollen traps. Subsequently, forager bees were collected and exposed by contact to 1 or 7 µg of bixafen, prothioconazole, and trifloxystrobin, either individually or in combination. After 48 hours, abdomens without the intestine was used for the analysis of expression of antioxidant genes (SOD-1, CAT, and GPX-1), detoxification genes (GST-1 and CYP306A1), the storage protein gene vitellogenin, and immune system antimicrobial peptide genes (Defensin-1, Abaecin, Hymenoptaecin, and Apidaecin), through real-time PCR. All pesticide treatments induced changes in gene expression, with bixafen showing the most prominent upregulation. Exposure to 1 µg of each of the three pesticides resulted in upregulation of genes associated with detoxification and nutrition processes, and downregulation of immune system genes. When the three pesticides were combined at a dose of 7 µg each, there was a pronounced downregulation of all genes. Dietary supplementation led to a slight reduction in gene expression alterations provoked by the fungicides.
Biology and Life Sciences, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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