Abstract: The present paper suggests a Federated Learning-based Distributed Solar Forecasting model based on GRU networks (FL-GRU) to smart buildings in Muscat, Oman. The growing adoption of rooftop photovoltaic (PV) systems in urban settings needs precise, privatizing, and scalable forecasting models able to manage geographically dispersed and statistically heterogeneous data. The suggested solution will include federated learning and gated recurrent unit (GRU) networks to train a global forecasting model across several smart buildings and avoid the exchange of raw energy data to overcome these challenges. The local GRU models are trained on local PV generation data and only parameters of the model are relayed to a central aggregation server. This provides privacy of data without compromising effectiveness of collaborative learning. The proposed framework is tested in a variety of realistic scenarios such as scalability analysis, non-identically distributed (non-IID) data, client dropout, communication constraints, seasonal variability, and privacy saving noise injection. Simulation outcomes show that the proposed FL-GRU model presents a final RMSE of 0.129, MAE of 0.100 and forecasting accuracy of 97%. When increasing the number of clients involved in the process, 2 to 10, RMSE decreases to 0.129, which supports the high scalability advantages. In non-IID scenarios, RMSE ranges between 0.129 and 0.167, and even with half of the clients dropping, the system is robust with RMSE of 0.172. The proposed FL-GRU is better than the benchmark models, Local GRU, centralized GRU, FL-LSTM, and FL-ANN with a maximum improvement of 22.29% in RMSE reduction. Also, the best predictive consistency is found with correlation analysis with R² = 0.957. On the whole, the suggested approach can offer an efficient, privacy-aware, and scalable solution to distributed solar energy prediction in smart cities.

Abstract: Irritant contact dermatitis is an inflammatory skin condition caused by exposure of the skin to substances or the environment that damages the skin barrier. Irritant contact dermatitis presents on the skin as a rash accompanied by redness, itching, burning sensation, blisters and cracking of the skin. In babies, it is more commonly known as diaper dermatitis or diaper rash but can also present in older children and adults with incontinence issues. General measures to prevent irritant contact dermatitis in babies includes frequent nappy changes to keep the baby’s skin as dry as possible, regular cleaning to remove urine and feces to maintain a healthy skin pH level and the use of products with minimal chemical irritants (wipes, diapers, barrier creams etc.). This study evaluates the effectiveness of a water-based wipe liquid (WaterWipes®) to reduce urine-induced inflammation in a 3D in vitro human skin model.

Abstract: Neoclassical tearing modes (NTMs) are magnetohydrodynamic instabilities that generate magnetic islands in tokamak plasmas, degrading confinement and potentially limiting high-performance operation. Their stabilization typically requires precise alignment and appropriate injection of electron cyclotron (EC) power beams, making real-time control a challenging task. In this work, we present a proof-of-principle study aimed at investigating the potential role of neural networks in the control of plasma instabilities. The objective is not to develop a device-specific controller, but rather to explore, within a synthetic environment, how a learning-based agent can autonomously discover effective stabilization strategies. To this end, a neural network controller is trained using reinforcement learning techniques, resulting in an intelligent and agnostic control system. The controller is defined as intelligent in the sense that it learns the optimal strategy directly from interaction with the environment, without being explicitly programmed or guided by a predefined control law. It is agnostic because it does not rely on equilibrium reconstruction or explicit knowledge of the deposition location relative to the island. Instead, it operates solely on feedback derived from a representation of the magnetic island width, using this information to adapt its actions. Two control tasks are considered: pure angular alignment and combined angular alignment with power control. This exploratory study establishes a framework for assessing the potential advantages of data-driven approaches in magnetic island control and provides a basis for future investigations aimed at improving alignment and suppression strategies in fusion plasmas.

Abstract: Optical spectroscopy provides several useful information about polymeric ultrathin films by combining interferometric and optical absorption data contained in the UV-Vis-NIR spectra. In particular, the UV-Vis-NIR spectrum of an ultrathin polymeric film contains information about the film thickness, structural disorder, bandgap energy, type of electron transition model (direct/indirect, allowed/forbidden), cut-on wavelength (i.e., the opaque/transparent switching wavelength), etc. Here, these properties have been determined for a model semi-crystalline polymer (polyethylene terephthalate, PET) in form of ultrathin film before and after a mild mechanical deformation treatment (manual stretching). It has been found that EU and Eg parameters are not strictly depending on mechanical deformation due to their main dependence on chemical composition/constitution of the polymer.

Abstract: This study presents a thermodynamic analysis of an ideal integrated adiabatic compressed air energy storage (A-CAES) system with single-temperature thermal energy storage (TES) subjected to an external heat boost. The additional heat is assumed to be supplied by concentrated solar energy, although other heat sources, such as combustion, can also be used, at least in principle. We examine three principal performance metrics of the integrated A-CAES system: the round-trip coefficient of performance (CoP), the marginal thermal CoP of the solar booster, and the second-law efficiency of the overall integrated system. The principal thermodynamic constraint is formulated as a theorem for the upper bound of the integrated 2nd law efficiency. The analysis shows that the system can attain a high round-trip CoP while simultaneously utilising the external solar heat boost very efficiently. These results highlight the thermodynamic potential of integrating solar heat boosting with A-CAES to improve both storage performance and renewable heat utilisation.

Abstract: Given the increasing relevance of sustainability certification in food supply chains and, at the same time, rising confusion among consumers about the multitude of labels on food products, concerns about the value of sustainability certification occur frequently. This paper aims to investigate consumers’ evaluation and purchase intentions, and willingness-to-pay (WtP) for blockchain-enabled sustainability certification in coffee. Utilizing a questionnaire guided by an extended model of Ajzen’s theory of planned behavior (TPB), an online survey was conducted with n = 400 German consumers. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling and cluster analysis. The results revealed perceived behavioral control (PBC) and SN as the most influential factors on WtP, whereas intention to buy is shaped by PBC and environmental concerns. Three distinct clusters were identified with concise preference, intention, and WtP profiles, highlighting heterogeneous consumer motivations. The study is the first one exploring the topic in the German context. It provides novel insights for academics and industry stakeholders on sustainable coffee, blockchain technology, and factors influencing evaluation and purchase intentions for coffee with blockchain-enabled sustainability certifications. It also paves the way for future research on blockchain-enabled sustainability certification in other product groups. Moreover, the paper contributes to a more nuanced theoretical understanding of the TPB and its applications.

Abstract: The PP2C (protein phosphates 2C) are key regulators of abscisic acid (ABA) signaling that play a crucial role in plant stress responses. In this study, we performed a comprehensive genome-wide analysis and identified 71 DlPP2C genes in Dimocarpus longan which is an economically important fruit crop. The evolutionary analysis revealed that DlPP2C genes were classified into distinct subgroups based on phylogenetic relationships with Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa. Structural analysis demonstrated conserved motif composition and gene organization within subgroups, whereas chromosomal distribution and synteny analysis revealed that segmental duplication events contributed to gene family expansion. Promoter analysis findings identified numerous cis-acting elements related to hormone and stress responsiveness especially abscisic acid-responsive elements (ABREs), suggesting their potential involvement in ABA signaling pathways. Under exogenous ABA treatments, expression profiling of the DlPP2C genes exhibited dynamic, dose and time dependent response with several genes showing peak expression at 10 μM ABA after 16 h, especially the DlPP2C1 displayed a strong transcriptional response, indicating its potential role as a key regulator. Overexpression and GUS staining assays revealed enhanced activity under ABA treatment, further supporting its involvement in ABA-responsive regulation. Moreover, RNA sequencing analysis revealed a total of 1799 differentially expressed genes, with prevalence of downregulated genes, showing extensive transcriptional reprograming. Functional enrichment analysis demonstrated that these genes were largely associated with plant hormone signaling, stress response and metabolic pathways. Together, these findings propose that DlPP2C genes, especially DlPP2C1, play a key role in ABA-mediated regulatory networks and provide valuable insights intro stress adaption mechanisms during early somatic embryogenesis in longan.

Abstract: Numerical simulation of the multi-dimensional space-fractional Cahn-Hilliard equation faces two main computational challenges: the inherent temporal accuracy limitations of standard scalar auxiliary variable (SAV) methods and the escalating computational cost in high-dimensional domains. To address these issues, this study constructs a fully discrete algorithmic framework integrating a second-order backward differentiation formula (SAV-BDF2) with a sixth-order centered difference scheme. Under this formulation, we rigorously prove unconditional energy stability and establish the theoretical validity of the dual temporal and spatial accuracy. To solve the resulting indefinite algebraic systems, a minimal residual solver is paired with a sine-transform block diagonal preconditioner. Additionally, a hardware-level Vectorized Tensor Processing (VTP) architecture is deployed to resolve cache thrashing caused by non-contiguous memory access during multidimensional tensor evaluations. Numerical experiments in 3D to 8D domains demonstrate that the framework improves memory throughput and reduces execution time. By avoiding standard hardware execution inefficiencies, this integrated strategy provides an efficient numerical solution for large-scale simulations of high-dimensional fractional systems.

Abstract: Our result is in line with the Beurling and Alcantara-Bode equivalent formulations of the Riemann Hypothesis (RH). Also, it intends as a numerical method to supply the lack of the methods in literature for investigation of the injectivity of linear bounded operators on separable Hilbert spaces. The criteria exploit the operator approximation positivity properties on finite dimension subspaces having their union a dense set covering a wide range of linear, bounded operators. For operators that are not positive definite, taking their associated Hermitian, it consists of: a Hermitian Hilbert-Schmidt operator whose family of finite rank approximations built on a dense set having the positivity parameters inferior bounded, has a null space containing only 0, i.e. containing no not null elements. We obtained the injectivity for the Alcantara-Bode integral operator connected to Riemann Zeta function, that is in fact the equivalent formulation of the RH.

Abstract: The article examines, on the basis of a comparative study, the place and scientific significance of Cyclopean structures located within the territory of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic in the context of Azerbaijani archaeology. The research focuses on the distribution area, chronology, and architectural features of these monuments in Nakhchivan. It has been determined that the fortress-type Cyclopean structures of Nakhchivan are monuments of great scientific and historical importance in Azerbaijani archaeology. These constructions reflect the formation and development of defensive architecture in the region and make it possible to study their chronology and evolutionary processes. The study demonstrates that these fortresses, built of large unworked stones without the use of mortar, reveal the military–strategic thinking of ancient tribes, their level of social organization, and the importance they attached to the protection of residential spaces. Their wide distribution across the territory of Nakhchivan proves that the region was located on important trade and migration routes and functioned as an active political and economic center. These monuments serve as invaluable sources for the study of early urbanization processes, cultural interactions, and stages of regional development within the territory of Azerbaijan. Keywords: Nakhchivan, Cyclopean structures, fortress, defensive fortification, architectural structure.

Abstract: This paper presents a further step in the development of scale invariant fully conformal cosmology (FCC), formulated in our previous study. Whereas the previous paper focused mainly on the global cosmological consequences of the fully conformal metric and their confrontation with selected astrophysical data, here we analyze its local gravitational and background consequences. On the background of the fully conformal metric we formulate an effective generalization of the weak Schwarzschild field in the corresponding FCC global coordinates and derive from it the associated modified intensity of the Newtonian central field. We further derive the cosmological state/constitutive equation p = − ε/3 as a direct consequence of the fully conformal metric rather than as an ad hoc additional postulate. Likewise, within the fully conformal metric, spatial flatness and the critical density ρcrit are understood as direct consequences of this metric structure rather than as independently postulated inputs. From the condition of global equilibrium between negative cosmological pressure and the gravitational cohesive pressure of homogeneously distributed matter, the effective particulate fraction is obtained as β ≈ 0.45 of the total critical density ρcrit. For the relatively well-confirmed baryonic matter fraction , this stable-equilibrium condition then leads to the corresponding particulate fraction of collisionless dark matter , which is in principle determined by the global cosmological equilibrium within this framework. Because direct identification of the entire dark fraction with standard collisionless cold dark matter would very probably be incompatible with the main structural observables, we discuss an effective phenomenological decomposition into a structuring cold dark matter component (cdm) and an almost homogeneous residual warm-dark-matter-like component (wdm). In this interpretation, the paper preserves the previously introduced global FCC framework while simultaneously providing a concrete background prediction for the matter content and a physically motivated basis for further testing of structure formation within scale invariant fully conformal cosmology.

Abstract: Chronic stress, circadian disruption, sedentary behavior, industrialized diets and disturbances in the gut microbiome have created an evolutionary mismatch between ancestral physiology and the modern environment. Generation X (Gen X) women (born between 1965–1980) are the first cohort to enter midlife having lived their entire adult lives within these conditions while also carrying distinct cohort-specific factors shaped by major economic and cultural transitions. The interaction of evolutionary mismatch and Gen X pressures destabilizes hormonal regulation, increases allostatic load and impairs mitochondrial function, contributing to fatigue, metabolic inflexibility and cognitive dysfunction during perimenopause and menopause, with implications for postmenopausal health and long-term disease risk. Women with polycystic ovary syndrome have reduced insulin sensitivity and a heightened proinflammatory response that makes them more susceptible to Gen X evolutionary mismatch pressures. This paper synthesizes evidence from evolutionary biology, endocrinology, neuroscience and lifestyle medicine to present an integrated model explaining the mechanisms driving midlife symptomatology in Gen X women. The model places midlife dysfunction within an evolutionary mismatch context, where modern environmental exposures and cohort-specific demands interact with hormonal, immune and metabolic changes to drive convergent pathophysiological mechanisms. A tiered recovery framework is proposed, targeting allostatic load reduction, circadian realignment, restoration of metabolic flexibility, and integration of mitochondrial, musculoskeletal and gut–brain–endocrine signaling systems.

Abstract: The color origin of precious coral, a highly valued organic polycrystalline gemstone, has long remained elusive. In this study, an integrated approach employing spectrophotometry, Raman, FTIR, and UV-Vis spectroscopy, coupled with Spearman correlation analysis, was utilized to investigate a color-graded series of precious coral samples ranging from white to red. The results demonstrate that the calcareous skeleton consists exclusively of calcite. The actual chromophores are identified as a blend of multiple distinct polyene species, characterized by Raman shifts at 1126 and 1515 cm⁻¹. Inherently exhibiting a red-orange hue, the progressive accumulation of these polyenes drives a systematic color transition from orange to red.Both absorption bands at 314 nm and 532 nm in the UV-Vis spectra originate from the polyene pigment molecules. Specifically, the broad 532 nm band is dominated by π-π* electronic transitions. As the pigment concentration increases, this band exhibits pronounced broadening and enhancement, accompanied by a redshift of the maximum absorption peak. This spectral evolution leads to an intensified absorption in the yellow-orange region, elucidating the intrinsic mechanism underlying the color transition of precious coral from orange to red with increasing pigment content. This work lays a solid foundation for the non-destructive identification of precious corals and future research on their color genesis.

Abstract: Background/Objectives: The optimal upfront modality selection for real-world aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) remains uncertain. This study evaluated the clinical outcomes associated with an institutional practice change from an endovascular treatment (EVT)-first approach to a more individualized upfront modality-selection strategy. Methods: This single-center retrospective before-and-after cohort study included consecutive patients with aSAH who underwent aneurysm securing during two fixed time periods (pre-change: 1 May 2023 to 31 July 2024; post-change: 1 August 2024 to 31 October 2025). The primary outcome was a favorable 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0–2. The primary adjusted analysis used Firth penalized logistic regression with adjustment for age (per 10-year increase), pre-morbid mRS ≥ 2, and admission World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS) grade IV–V. Conventional logistic regression was performed as a sensitivity analysis. The full 90-day mRS distribution (0–6) was also evaluated using an adjusted proportional odds model. Results: A total of 104 patients were included (pre-change, n = 48; post-change, n = 56). The distribution of securing modalities changed substantially between the two periods (EVT, 79.2% vs. 37.5%; microsurgery, 20.8% vs. 62.5%; p < 0.001). Favorable outcomes occurred in 25/48 patients (52.1%) in the pre-change period and 36/56 patients (64.3%) in the post-change period (p = 0.235). In adjusted analyses, the post-change period was associated with higher odds of a favorable outcome (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 3.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.31–12.79; p = 0.009), consistent with the sensitivity analysis (aOR, 4.41; 95% CI, 1.43–15.95; p = 0.009). Shift analysis also favored the post-change period (adjusted common OR, 2.36; 95% CI, 1.15–4.91; p = 0.021). Secondary outcomes and perioperative complications were similar between the two periods. Conclusions: In this single-center retrospective before-and-after study, an institutional practice change toward more individualized upfront modality selection was associated with more favorable adjusted 90-day functional outcomes in patients with aSAH. These findings support the potential clinical relevance of individualized modality selection in real-world aSAH management, although confirmation in multicenter studies is warranted.

Abstract: The growing adoption of distributed renewable energy systems (DRES) calls for ad-vanced planning methodologies capable of addressing their inherent complexity and multi-dimensional trade-offs. Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) frameworks are widely used to balance diverse objectives, but their effectiveness depends heavily on the selection of criteria, weighting techniques, and integration methods. This paper undertakes a systematic review of existing literature to analyse how MCDM ap-proaches have been applied in the planning and optimization of DRES projects. The review focuses on the criteria considered in MCDM, the techniques used to assign their relative importance, and the methods employed to integrate these weights into mul-ti-objective evaluations. The analysis draws from a diverse set of peer-reviewed pa-pers, examining economic, technical, environmental, and social dimensions, as well as the relationships between project-specific features and the criteria selection process. Results show that social criteria remain underrepresented both in terms of frequency and of relative importance in the evaluation process, while economic criteria are the most used and influential, underlining the need for more balanced, context-sensitive, and socially inclusive MCDM frameworks. Among MCDM methods and weighting methods, TOPSIS and AHP are by far the most common approaches, respectively. This review provides a foundation for future research aimed at improving the adaptability and effectiveness of MCDM frameworks in DRES.

Abstract: This paper proposes a novel framework, HyperGAT-BERT-RAS, that integrates: (1) a Hy perGraph Attention Network (HyperGAT) with BERT for enhanced semantic representa-tion; (2) a Reference Answer Set (RAS) constructed via clustering of full-score answers; (3) Siamese Neural Networks (SNNs) for similarity-based scoring; and (4) GPT-4-based data augmentation to address class imbalance. Experiments on the Ohsumed and ASAP-5 da-tasets demonstrate that: (i) HyperGAT-BERT achieves 0.7317 accuracy on Ohsumed text classification, outperforming baseline HyperGAT by 2.69%; (ii) the full Hyper-GAT-BERT-RAS achieves 0.7991 accuracy and 0.7956 F1-score, with RAS contributing the most to performance gains (4.34% accuracy drop when removed); (iii) GPT-4 augmentation improves Quadratic Weighted Kappa from 0.584 to 0.880 and minority-class (scores 2–3) F1 by 15.3%. These improvements translate into more reliable scoring of diverse student answers, reduced teacher grading burden, and enhanced feasibility of AI-assisted forma-tive assessment in real classrooms. Ablation and error analyses confirm the contribution of each component. The framework advances ASAG by synergizing graph-based relational modeling, pretrained language understanding, and knowledge-guided scoring.

Abstract: Background/Objectives: This study evaluates the prognostic value of baseline inflam-matory biomarkers neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV) in advanced cutaneous melanoma treated with first-line immunotherapy. Methods: This multicenter retrospective study included 162 patients with unresectable stage III/IV cutaneous melanoma treated with first-line pembrolizumab, nivolumab, or nivolumab plus ipilimumab. Biomarkers were calculated from complete blood counts obtained within 30 days before treatment start. Cut-offs were defined by ROC analysis. Progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed using Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression. Response was assessed by RECIST v1.1. Results: Higher baseline NLR, PLR, MLR, SII and PIV were more common in patients with adverse baseline features, including liver metastases, elevated LDH and poorer ECOG performance status. Patients with biomarker values below the cut-offs had sig-nificantly longer PFS and OS. In multivariable models adjusted for clinical covariates, PIV remained independently associated with the duration of PFS and OS; MLR inde-pendently predicted PFS, while PLR independently predicted OS. Conclusions: Baseline inflammatory biomarkers from routine blood counts provide useful prognostic information in advanced melanoma treated with first-line ICIs. PIV showed the most consistent independent association with survival outcomes and may support initial risk stratification alongside LDH, ECOG and metastasis pattern. However, prospective validation in independent cohorts is needed before routine clinical implementation.

Abstract: Metal binder jetting (MBJ) is an additive manufacturing (AM) process that offers advantages such as high speed, low cost, and low residual stress, compared to the prevalent fusion-based metal AM methods. However, a major barrier to MBJ is the low density of manufactured parts, which restricts part quality and limits its applications. One key process parameter that affects part density is the packing density of the powder bed. In general, a higher packing density is preferable in MBJ. Although research has been conducted to enhance the packing density ex-situ, most proposed approaches lack robustness when applied to real-world printing, where environmental variations and stochastic powder behavior introduce inconsistencies. An in-situ sensing method for packing density can mitigate these issues in several ways. It enables the implementation of feedback control strategies to regulate packing density during printing, contributes to comprehensive in-situ process monitoring, and provides quantitative data to support post-processing analysis and optimization. However, effective in-situ methods for accurately sensing packing density remain limited. To fill this research gap, two methods, namely ultrasound (acoustic) and recoating-force sensing, are proposed as potential approaches for in-situ sensing of powder packing density. Using a dedicated test platform, their responses to different powder bed packing densities are measured and compared. The results show a strong correlation between packing density and the sensor measurements, with differing levels of estimation confidence, demonstrating promising potential for their implementation as in-situ packing density sensors. Furthermore, the concept of sensor fusion is tested by combining the force-sensing and acoustic-sensing data, leading to improvements in the estimation confidence.

Abstract: When placing dental implants, xenografts are most commonly used clinically to compensate for insufficient bone volume of patients. However, xenografts have limitations including low osteoinductive capacity and prolonged healing time. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of non-thermal plasma-treated bovine cancellous bone graft on new bone formation, graft resorption, bone marrow formation, and vascularization in a rabbit calvarial defect model. Twenty-four adult male New Zealand white rabbits received bilateral 8-mm critical-size calvarial defects. One defect was filled with untreated SANTA-OSS® (control) and the contralateral defect with plasma-treated SANTA-OSS using the ACTILINK™ Reborn device. Animals were sacrificed at 2, 4, and 8 weeks (n=8 per group) for histomorphometric analysis. The plasma-treated group showed significantly higher new bone area (14.12 ± 0.69%, 18.93 ± 0.68%, and 32.72 ± 0.61% at 2, 4, and 8 weeks) than the control at all time points (p < 0.05). In addition, the experimental group exhibited accelerated graft resorption, larger bone marrow area, greater blood vessel area, and more TRAP-positive osteoclasts compared with the control (p < 0.05). Within the limitations of this study, plasma treatment significantly enhanced new bone formation, accelerated graft resorption, promoted bone marrow development, and increased vascularization.

Abstract: Soil salinization severely limits the stable production of garlic (Allium sativum L.) and compromises the postharvest storability of seed cloves as industrial planting materials. This study evaluated the morpho-physiological, photosynthetic (JIP-test), and postharvest responses of a shoot-dominant ('C-P') and a root-dominant ('J-L') garlic cultivar to graded salinity (0, 50, 200 mM NaCl) in a hydroponic system, with or without seed-clove priming using a novel commercial biostimulant. Results showed 50 mM NaCl significantly inhibited shoot growth, while 200 mM nearly arrested growth and induced clove decay. Under moderate salinity, LE priming exhibited cultivar-dependent mitigation. In 'C-P', it promoted root branching, enhanced soluble sugar accumulation, and improved postharvest tissue hydration. In 'J-L', biostimulant elevated leaf SPAD values, fully reversed stress-induced clove yellowing, and significantly suppressed postharvest fungal decay during cold storage. In conclusion, garlic's response to salinity is fundamentally dictated by intrinsic resource allocation strategies. Rather than merely promoting growth, biostimulant priming optimizes photosynthetic energy fluxes and reshapes metabolism. This tailored approach effectively preserves the visual marketability of susceptible cultivars while enhancing Osmo protectant accumulation and hydration in vigorous morphotypes, providing a sustainable strategy to safeguard industrial raw materials in salinized controlled cultivation systems.