Article
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Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed
Valorization of Municipal Waterworks Sludge to Produce Ceramic Floor Tiles
Version 1
: Received: 22 December 2017 / Approved: 25 December 2017 / Online: 25 December 2017 (07:40:01 CET)
A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.
Rodrigues, L.P.; de Holanda, J.N.F. Valorization of Municipal Waterworks Sludge to Produce Ceramic Floor Tiles. Recycling 2018, 3, 10. Rodrigues, L.P.; de Holanda, J.N.F. Valorization of Municipal Waterworks Sludge to Produce Ceramic Floor Tiles. Recycling 2018, 3, 10.
Abstract
In municipal waterworks large amounts of waste in the form of sludge have to be discarded. This investigation focuses on the processing of ceramic floor tiles incorporated with a municipal waterworks sludge. Four floor tile formulations containing up to 10 wt. % of the municipal waterworks sludge in replacement of kaolin were prepared. The floor tile processing route consisted of dry powder granulation, uniaxial pressing, and firing between 1190 and 1250 °C using a fast-firing cycle (<60 min). The densification behavior and technological properties of the floor tile pieces as function of the sludge addition and firing temperature were determined. The development of the microstructure was followed by XRD and SEM/EDS. The results show that the replacement of kaolin with municipal waterworks sludge, in the range up to 10 wt. %, allows the production of ceramic floor tiles (group BIb and group BIIa, ISO 13006 Standard) at lower firing temperatures. These results suggest a new possibility for valorization of municipal waterworks sludge with many economical and environmental benefits.
Keywords
municipal waterworks sludge; waste; recycling; valorization; floor tiles
Subject
Chemistry and Materials Science, Materials Science and Technology
Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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