Review
Version 1
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Emerging and Established Models of Bone Metastasis
Version 1
: Received: 22 April 2018 / Approved: 23 April 2018 / Online: 23 April 2018 (12:35:38 CEST)
A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.
Jinnah, A.H.; Zacks, B.C.; Gwam, C.U.; Kerr, B.A. Emerging and Established Models of Bone Metastasis. Cancers 2018, 10, 176. Jinnah, A.H.; Zacks, B.C.; Gwam, C.U.; Kerr, B.A. Emerging and Established Models of Bone Metastasis. Cancers 2018, 10, 176.
Abstract
Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-related death and drives patient morbidity as well as healthcare costs. For several cancers, breast and prostate in particular, bone is the primary site of metastasis. Efforts to treat bone metastases have been stymied by a lack of models to study the progression and cellular players and signaling pathways driving bone metastasis. In this review, we examine the newly described and classic models of bone metastasis. Through the use of current in vivo, microfluidic and in silico computational models bone metastasis models we may eventually understand how cells escape the primary tumor and how these circulating tumor cells then home to and colonize the bone marrow. Further, future models may uncover how cell enter and escape dormancy to develop into overt metastases. Recreating the metastatic process will lead to the discovery of therapeutic targets for disrupting and treating bone metastasis.
Keywords
bone metastasis; tissue engineering; mesenchymal stem cells; osteoclast; osteoblast; dormancy; mouse models; circulating tumor cell
Subject
Medicine and Pharmacology, Oncology and Oncogenics
Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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