Ecosystems including national parks are being put under pressure and a myriad of socio-environment challenges experiencing from human activities. Hence, planning and practicing a new conservation policy requires a simultaneous evaluation of the intensity of human disturbance. To move forward, we considered Nyungwe National park as the present study by using ArcGIS methods, we analyzed human disturbance and relationship to dynamic change in NDVI with Landsat data from 1990 to 2018. The high disturbance was distributed in the extremity part, and a decreased in vegetation health was noted in highly disturbed regions while a sustainable ecosystem appeared in no disturbed region. Using FRAGSTAT software, two-level of the selected landscape patterns were computed to evaluate fragmentation, by defining the direction of community's involvement in conservation. Fragmentation in class metric correlated with a decline in grassland area by 2.9% due to uncontrolled urbanization which experiences inappropriate exploitation of natural resources. Landscape metric improved the area of the park, as the significance of strong protection policies, however, the high degree of subdivision among patches, and low connectivity implied disturbance, which evidenced weak participation of residents into conservation activities. The results of this study would serve a baseline for policy and decision making toward collaboration into ecosystem conservation.