Article
Version 1
Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed
Multi-Layer Graphene Oxide in Human Keratinocytes: Time-Dependent Cytotoxicity, Proliferation, and Gene Expression
Version 1
: Received: 6 March 2021 / Approved: 8 March 2021 / Online: 8 March 2021 (16:20:37 CET)
A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.
Salesa, B.; Serrano-Aroca, Á. Multi-Layer Graphene Oxide in Human Keratinocytes: Time-Dependent Cytotoxicity, Proliferation, and Gene Expression. Coatings 2021, 11, 414. Salesa, B.; Serrano-Aroca, Á. Multi-Layer Graphene Oxide in Human Keratinocytes: Time-Dependent Cytotoxicity, Proliferation, and Gene Expression. Coatings 2021, 11, 414.
Abstract
Few-layer graphene oxide (GO) has shown none or very weak cytotoxicity and anti-proliferative effects in a wide range of cell lines such as glyoma cells and human skin HaCaT cells, in concentrations up to 100 µg/mL However, multi-layer GO has been hardly explored in the biomedical field. Thus, multi-layer GO was examined here in human keratinocyte HaCaT cells treated with different concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 150 µg/mL during different periods of times (3, 12 and 24 hours). The results of this study showed a time-concentration dependence with two non-cytotoxic concentrations (0.01 and 0.05 µg/mL) and a median effective concentration value of 4.087 µg/mL at 24 hours of GO exposure. Contrary to what has been reported for few-layer GO, cell proliferation of the HaCaT cells in contact with the multi-layer GO at 0.01 μg/mL showed identical proliferative activity compared to an epidermal growth factor (1.6-fold greater than the control group) after 96 hours. The effects of the multi-layer GO on the expression of 13 genes (SOD1, CAT, MMP1, TGFB1, GPX1, FN1, HAS2, LAMB1, LUM, CDH1, COL4A1, FBN and VCAN) at the non-cytotoxic concentrations of GO in the HaCaT cells were analyzed after 24 hours. Thus, the lowest non-cytotoxic GO concentration was able to up-regulate the CAT, TGFB1, FN1 and CDH1 genes, which confirms the great potential of multi-layer GO in the biomedical field.
Keywords
graphene oxide; human keratinocytes; proliferation; gene expression; cytotoxicity
Subject
Chemistry and Materials Science, Biomaterials
Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Comments (0)
We encourage comments and feedback from a broad range of readers. See criteria for comments and our Diversity statement.
Leave a public commentSend a private comment to the author(s)
* All users must log in before leaving a comment