Munyengabe, A.; Zvinowanda, C.; Ramontja, J.; Zvimba, J.N. Effective Desalination of Acid Mine Drainage Using an Advanced Oxidation Process: Sodium Ferrate (VI) Salt. Water 2021, 13, 2619. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13192619
Munyengabe, A.; Zvinowanda, C.; Ramontja, J.; Zvimba, J.N. Effective Desalination of Acid Mine Drainage Using an Advanced Oxidation Process: Sodium Ferrate (VI) Salt. Water 2021, 13, 2619. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13192619
Munyengabe, A.; Zvinowanda, C.; Ramontja, J.; Zvimba, J.N. Effective Desalination of Acid Mine Drainage Using an Advanced Oxidation Process: Sodium Ferrate (VI) Salt. Water 2021, 13, 2619. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13192619
Munyengabe, A.; Zvinowanda, C.; Ramontja, J.; Zvimba, J.N. Effective Desalination of Acid Mine Drainage Using an Advanced Oxidation Process: Sodium Ferrate (VI) Salt. Water 2021, 13, 2619. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13192619
Abstract
The screening and treatment of acid mine drainage (AMD) using Na2FeO4 has been explored. Elemental composition was performed using an ICP-OES for the raw and treated AMD. The AMD samples were collected from three different sampling sites (RTW1, RTW2 and RTW3) in Pretoria, South Africa with acidic pH ranging between 2.50 and 3.13. Total dissolved solids and Electrical Conductivity of AMD samples ranged between 960 and > 1000 mg. L-1, 226 and 263 µS. cm-1, respectively. The final pH of treated water samples increased up to ≥ 9.5 after treatment with Na2FeO4. Sodium ferrate showed dual functions by removing metals and raising the pH of the treated water. Concentrations of most trace elements were not complying with WHO and DWAF guideline standards in raw AMD while after treatment with Na2FeO4 the concentrations were below guidelines for domestic and irrigation purposes.
Keywords
Sodium ferrate (VI); Oxidation and Coagulation; Neutralization of AMD; Metal removal
Subject
Chemistry and Materials Science, Analytical Chemistry
Copyright:
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