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3D Printed SiOC(N) Ceramic Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Regeneration: Improved Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow‐Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Yang, Y.; Kulkarni, A.; Soraru, G.D.; Pearce, J.M.; Motta, A. 3D Printed SiOC(N) Ceramic Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Regeneration: Improved Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci.2021, 22, 13676.
Yang, Y.; Kulkarni, A.; Soraru, G.D.; Pearce, J.M.; Motta, A. 3D Printed SiOC(N) Ceramic Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Regeneration: Improved Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 13676.
Yang, Y.; Kulkarni, A.; Soraru, G.D.; Pearce, J.M.; Motta, A. 3D Printed SiOC(N) Ceramic Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Regeneration: Improved Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci.2021, 22, 13676.
Yang, Y.; Kulkarni, A.; Soraru, G.D.; Pearce, J.M.; Motta, A. 3D Printed SiOC(N) Ceramic Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Regeneration: Improved Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 13676.
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering has developed significantly in recent years as the increasing demand for bone substitutes due to trauma, cancer, arthritis, and infections. The scaffolds for bone regeneration need to be mechanically stable and have a 3D architecture with interconnected pores. With the advances in additive manufacturing technology, these requirements can be fulfilled by 3D printing scaffolds with controlled geometry and porosity using a low-cost multistep process. The scaffolds, however, must also be bioactive to promote the environment for the cells to regenerate into bone tissue. To determine if a low-cost 3D printing method for bespoke SiOC(N) porous structures can regenerate bone these structures were tested for osteointegration potential by using human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). This includes checking the general biocompatibilities under the osteogenic differentiation environment (cell proliferation and metabolism). Moreover, cell morphology was observed by confocal microscopy and gene expressions on typical osteogenic markers at different stages for bone formation were determined by real-time PCR. The results of the study showed the pore size of the scaffolds had a significant impact on differentiation. A certain range of pore size could stimulate osteogenic differentiation, thus promoting bone regrowth and regeneration.
Keywords
3D printing; polymer derived ceramics; osteogenic differentiation; human mesenchymal stem cells; Fused Filament Fabrication; SiOC(N); cellular structure; scaffolds; Bone regeneration
Subject
Chemistry and Materials Science, Biomaterials
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.