PMID- 31546693 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20200207 LR - 20200207 IS - 1660-4601 (Electronic) IS - 1661-7827 (Print) IS - 1660-4601 (Linking) VI - 16 IP - 19 DP - 2019 Sep 22 TI - Rubella Virus Infection, the Congenital Rubella Syndrome, and the Link to Autism. LID - 10.3390/ijerph16193543 [doi] LID - 3543 AB - Rubella is a systemic virus infection that is usually mild. It can, however, cause severe birth defects known as the congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) when infection occurs early in pregnancy. As many as 8%-13% of children with CRS developed autism during the rubella epidemic of the 1960s compared to the background rate of about 1 new case per 5000 children. Rubella infection and CRS are now rare in the U.S. and in Europe due to widespread vaccination. However, autism rates have risen dramatically in recent decades to about 3% of children today, with many cases appearing after a period of normal development ('regressive autism'). Evidence is reviewed here suggesting that the signs and symptoms of rubella may be due to alterations in the hepatic metabolism of vitamin A (retinoids), precipitated by the acute phase of the infection. The infection causes mild liver dysfunction and the spillage of stored vitamin A compounds into the circulation, resulting in an endogenous form of hypervitaminosis A. Given that vitamin A is a known teratogen, it is suggested that rubella infection occurring in the early weeks of pregnancy causes CRS through maternal liver dysfunction and exposure of the developing fetus to excessive vitamin A. On this view, the multiple manifestations of CRS and associated autism represent endogenous forms of hypervitaminosis A. It is further proposed that regressive autism results primarily from post-natal influences of a liver-damaging nature and exposure to excess vitamin A, inducing CRS-like features as a function of vitamin A toxicity, but without the associated dysmorphogenesis. A number of environmental factors are discussed that may plausibly be candidates for this role, and suggestions are offered for testing the model. The model also suggests a number of measures that may be effective both in reducing the risk of fetal CRS in women who acquire rubella in their first trimester and in reversing or minimizing regressive autism among children in whom the diagnosis is suspected or confirmed. FAU - Mawson, Anthony R AU - Mawson AR AD - Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39213, USA. amawsn@gmail.com. FAU - Croft, Ashley M AU - Croft AM AD - School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK. ashley.croft@myport.ac.uk. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20190922 TA - Int J Environ Res Public Health JT - International journal of environmental research and public health JID - 101238455 RN - 11103-57-4 (Vitamin A) SB - IM MH - Autistic Disorder/*chemically induced MH - Humans MH - Hypervitaminosis A/chemically induced/*complications MH - Liver/metabolism MH - Liver Diseases/*complications MH - Rubella/*physiopathology MH - Rubella Syndrome, Congenital/*chemically induced MH - Rubella virus/physiology MH - Vitamin A/metabolism/*toxicity PMC - PMC6801530 OTO - NOTNLM OT - *CRS OT - *Rubella OT - *autism spectrum disorder OT - *congenital rubella syndrome OT - *infection OT - *liver OT - *pregnancy OT - *retinoids OT - *vaccinations OT - *vitamin A COIS- A.R.M. has a U.S. patent on a “Method for diagnosing gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and fetal growth restriction.” U.S. Patent Number 8883512 B1, 11 November 2014. http://www.google.com/patents/US8883512. EDAT- 2019/09/25 06:00 MHDA- 2020/02/08 06:00 CRDT- 2019/09/25 06:00 PHST- 2019/08/15 00:00 [received] PHST- 2019/09/09 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2019/09/15 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2019/09/25 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2019/09/25 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/02/08 06:00 [medline] AID - ijerph16193543 [pii] AID - ijerph-16-03543 [pii] AID - 10.3390/ijerph16193543 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Sep 22;16(19):3543. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16193543. PMID- 26437836 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20160811 LR - 20151006 IS - 0042-6857 (Print) IS - 0042-6857 (Linking) VI - 64 IP - 2 DP - 2014 TI - [The life cycle of Rubella Virus]. PG - 137-46 LID - 10.2222/jsv.64.137 [doi] AB - Rubella virus (RV), an infectious agent of rubella, is the sole member of the genus Rubivirus in the family of Togaviridae. RV has a positive-stranded sense RNA as a genome. A natural host of RV is limited to human, and rubella is considered to be a childhood disease in general. When woman is infected with RV during early pregnancy, her fetus may develop severe birth defects known as congenital rubella syndrome. In this review, the RV life cycle from the virus entry to budding is illustrated in comparison with those of member viruses of the genus alphavirus in the same family. The multiple functions of the RV capsid protein are also introduced. FAU - Sakata, Masafumi AU - Sakata M AD - Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases. FAU - Mori, Yoshio AU - Mori Y LA - jpn PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article PT - Review PL - Japan TA - Uirusu JT - Uirusu JID - 0417475 RN - 0 (Capsid Proteins) RN - 0 (Rubella Vaccine) SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Alphavirus MH - Amino Acid Motifs MH - Capsid Proteins/chemistry/physiology MH - Child MH - Child, Preschool MH - Female MH - Genome, Viral MH - Humans MH - Infant MH - *Life Cycle Stages MH - Male MH - Pregnancy MH - Protein Structure, Tertiary MH - Rubella/congenital/prevention & control MH - Rubella Vaccine MH - Rubella virus/genetics/*growth & development/pathogenicity MH - Virus Release EDAT- 2014/01/01 00:00 MHDA- 2016/08/12 06:00 CRDT- 2015/10/07 06:00 PHST- 2015/10/07 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2014/01/01 00:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2016/08/12 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.2222/jsv.64.137 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Uirusu. 2014;64(2):137-46. doi: 10.2222/jsv.64.137. PMID- 33029010 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20210114 LR - 20210731 IS - 1476-4687 (Electronic) IS - 0028-0836 (Print) IS - 0028-0836 (Linking) VI - 586 IP - 7829 DP - 2020 Oct TI - Relatives of rubella virus in diverse mammals. PG - 424-428 LID - 10.1038/s41586-020-2812-9 [doi] AB - Since 1814, when rubella was first described, the origins of the disease and its causative agent, rubella virus (Matonaviridae: Rubivirus), have remained unclear(1). Here we describe ruhugu virus and rustrela virus in Africa and Europe, respectively, which are, to our knowledge, the first known relatives of rubella virus. Ruhugu virus, which is the closest relative of rubella virus, was found in apparently healthy cyclops leaf-nosed bats (Hipposideros cyclops) in Uganda. Rustrela virus, which is an outgroup to the clade that comprises rubella and ruhugu viruses, was found in acutely encephalitic placental and marsupial animals at a zoo in Germany and in wild yellow-necked field mice (Apodemus flavicollis) at and near the zoo. Ruhugu and rustrela viruses share an identical genomic architecture with rubella virus(2,3). The amino acid sequences of four putative B cell epitopes in the fusion (E1) protein of the rubella, ruhugu and rustrela viruses and two putative T cell epitopes in the capsid protein of the rubella and ruhugu viruses are moderately to highly conserved(4-6). Modelling of E1 homotrimers in the post-fusion state predicts that ruhugu and rubella viruses have a similar capacity for fusion with the host-cell membrane(5). Together, these findings show that some members of the family Matonaviridae can cross substantial barriers between host species and that rubella virus probably has a zoonotic origin. Our findings raise concerns about future zoonotic transmission of rubella-like viruses, but will facilitate comparative studies and animal models of rubella and congenital rubella syndrome. FAU - Bennett, Andrew J AU - Bennett AJ AD - Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA. FAU - Paskey, Adrian C AU - Paskey AC AD - Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA. AD - Leidos, Reston, VA, USA. AD - Genomics and Bioinformatics Department, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center-Frederick, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA. FAU - Ebinger, Arnt AU - Ebinger A AD - Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany. FAU - Pfaff, Florian AU - Pfaff F AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0178-6183 AD - Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany. FAU - Priemer, Grit AU - Priemer G AD - State Office for Agriculture, Food Safety and Fisheries, Rostock, Germany. FAU - Höper, Dirk AU - Höper D AD - Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany. FAU - Breithaupt, Angele AU - Breithaupt A AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6373-5923 AD - Department of Experimental Animal Facilities and Biorisk Management, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany. FAU - Heuser, Elisa AU - Heuser E AD - Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany. AD - German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Insel Riems, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany. FAU - Ulrich, Rainer G AU - Ulrich RG AD - Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany. AD - German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Insel Riems, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany. FAU - Kuhn, Jens H AU - Kuhn JH AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7800-6045 AD - Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA. FAU - Bishop-Lilly, Kimberly A AU - Bishop-Lilly KA AD - Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA. AD - Genomics and Bioinformatics Department, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center-Frederick, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA. FAU - Beer, Martin AU - Beer M AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0598-5254 AD - Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany. martin.beer@fli.de. FAU - Goldberg, Tony L AU - Goldberg TL AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3962-4913 AD - Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA. tony.goldberg@wisc.edu. AD - Global Health Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA. tony.goldberg@wisc.edu. LA - eng GR - HHSN272200700016I/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States GR - HHSN272201800013C/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States GR - T32 AI078985/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20201007 TA - Nature JT - Nature JID - 0410462 RN - 0 (Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte) RN - 0 (Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte) RN - 0 (Viral Envelope Proteins) SB - IM EIN - Nature. 2020 Dec;588(7836):E2. PMID: 33199919 MH - Amino Acid Sequence MH - Animals MH - Animals, Zoo/immunology/virology MH - Cell Membrane/virology MH - Chiroptera/virology MH - Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte/immunology MH - Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology MH - Equidae/immunology/virology MH - Evolution, Molecular MH - Female MH - Geographic Mapping MH - Germany MH - Host Specificity MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Mammals/immunology/*virology MH - Marsupialia/immunology/virology MH - Membrane Fusion MH - Mice MH - Models, Animal MH - Models, Molecular MH - *Phylogeny MH - Rubella/congenital/virology MH - Rubella virus/chemistry/*classification/immunology/*isolation & purification MH - Sequence Alignment MH - Uganda MH - Viral Envelope Proteins/chemistry PMC - PMC7572621 MID - NIHMS1613362 COIS- Competing interest declaration. The authors declare no competing interests. EDAT- 2020/10/09 06:00 MHDA- 2021/01/15 06:00 CRDT- 2020/10/08 05:31 PHST- 2019/10/12 00:00 [received] PHST- 2020/07/17 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2020/10/09 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/01/15 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2020/10/08 05:31 [entrez] AID - 10.1038/s41586-020-2812-9 [pii] AID - 10.1038/s41586-020-2812-9 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Nature. 2020 Oct;586(7829):424-428. doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2812-9. Epub 2020 Oct 7. PMID- 33051608 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20210824 IS - 1740-1534 (Electronic) IS - 1740-1526 (Linking) VI - 18 IP - 12 DP - 2020 Dec TI - Relatives of rubella virus. PG - 675 LID - 10.1038/s41579-020-00474-8 [doi] FAU - Otto, Grant AU - Otto G AD - Nature Reviews Microbiology, . nrmicro@nature.com. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PL - England TA - Nat Rev Microbiol JT - Nature reviews. Microbiology JID - 101190261 SB - IM EDAT- 2020/10/15 06:00 MHDA- 2020/10/15 06:01 CRDT- 2020/10/14 09:16 PHST- 2020/10/15 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/10/15 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2020/10/14 09:16 [entrez] AID - 10.1038/s41579-020-00474-8 [pii] AID - 10.1038/s41579-020-00474-8 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Nat Rev Microbiol. 2020 Dec;18(12):675. doi: 10.1038/s41579-020-00474-8. PMID- 33044342 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20211026 LR - 20211026 IS - 1473-6322 (Electronic) IS - 1528-4050 (Print) IS - 1473-6322 (Linking) VI - 20 IP - 6 DP - 2020 Dec TI - Rubella virus-associated chronic inflammation in primary immunodeficiency diseases. PG - 574-581 LID - 10.1097/ACI.0000000000000694 [doi] AB - PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW: The aim of this article is to summarize recent data on rubella virus (RuV) vaccine in chronic inflammation focusing on granulomas in individuals with primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs). RECENT FINDINGS: The live attenuated RuV vaccine has been recently associated with cutaneous and visceral granulomas in children with various PIDs. RuV vaccine strain can persist for decades subclinically in currently unknown body site(s) before emerging in granulomas. Histologically, RuV is predominately localized in M2 macrophages in the granuloma centers. Multiple mutations accumulate during persistence resulting in emergence of immunodeficiency-related vaccine-derived rubella viruses (iVDRVs) with altered immunological, replication, and persistence properties. Viral RNA was detected in granuloma biopsies and nasopharyngeal secretions and infectious virus were isolated from the granuloma lesions. The risk of iVDRV transmissibility to contacts needs to be evaluated. Several broad-spectrum antiviral drugs have been tested recently but did not provide significant clinical improvement. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation remains the only reliable option for curing chronic RuV-associated granulomas in PIDs. SUMMARY: Persistence of vaccine-derived RuVs appears to be a crucial factor in a significant proportion of granulomatous disease in PIDs. RuV testing of granulomas in PID individuals might help with case management. FAU - Perelygina, Ludmila AU - Perelygina L AD - Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia. FAU - Icenogle, Joseph AU - Icenogle J AD - Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia. FAU - Sullivan, Kathleen E AU - Sullivan KE AD - Division of Allergy and Immunology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. LA - eng GR - CC999999/ImCDC/Intramural CDC HHS/United States GR - R21 AI130967/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. PT - Review TA - Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol JT - Current opinion in allergy and clinical immunology JID - 100936359 RN - 0 (Vaccines, Attenuated) RN - 0 (Viral Vaccines) SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Child MH - Chronic Disease MH - Granuloma/complications/*immunology/therapy MH - *Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation MH - Humans MH - Inflammation/complications/*immunology/therapy MH - Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases/complications/*immunology/therapy MH - Rubella/complications/*immunology/therapy MH - Rubella virus/*physiology MH - Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral MH - Vaccines, Attenuated MH - Viral Vaccines/*immunology PMC - PMC7730704 MID - NIHMS1651365 COIS- None. EDAT- 2020/10/13 06:00 MHDA- 2021/10/27 06:00 CRDT- 2020/10/12 12:10 PHST- 2020/10/13 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/10/27 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2020/10/12 12:10 [entrez] AID - 00130832-202012000-00006 [pii] AID - ACI200606 [pii] AID - 10.1097/ACI.0000000000000694 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2020 Dec;20(6):574-581. doi: 10.1097/ACI.0000000000000694. PMID- 20942087 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20101230 LR - 20151119 IS - 0047-1852 (Print) IS - 0047-1852 (Linking) VI - 68 Suppl 6 DP - 2010 Jun TI - [Rubella virus]. PG - 394-7 FAU - Deguchi, Matsuo AU - Deguchi M AD - Laboratory for Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Hospital. LA - jpn PT - Journal Article PL - Japan TA - Nihon Rinsho JT - Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine JID - 0420546 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Antigens, Viral) RN - 0 (Biomarkers) RN - 0 (RNA, Viral) SB - IM MH - Antibodies, Viral/blood MH - Antigens, Viral/analysis MH - Biomarkers/analysis/blood MH - Humans MH - Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques/methods MH - RNA, Viral/analysis MH - Reference Values MH - Rubella/*diagnosis/*virology MH - *Rubella virus/genetics/immunology MH - Serologic Tests/methods EDAT- 2010/10/15 06:00 MHDA- 2010/12/31 06:00 CRDT- 2010/10/15 06:00 PHST- 2010/10/15 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2010/10/15 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2010/12/31 06:00 [medline] PST - ppublish SO - Nihon Rinsho. 2010 Jun;68 Suppl 6:394-7. PMID- 31455418 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20190903 LR - 20200225 IS - 0717-6287 (Electronic) IS - 0716-9760 (Print) IS - 0716-9760 (Linking) VI - 52 IP - 1 DP - 2019 Aug 28 TI - Molecular aspects of the teratogenesis of rubella virus. PG - 47 LID - 10.1186/s40659-019-0254-3 [doi] LID - 47 AB - Rubella or German measles is an infection caused by rubella virus (RV). Infection of children and adults is usually characterized by a mild exanthematous febrile illness. However, RV is a major cause of birth defects and fetal death following infection in pregnant women. RV is a teratogen and is a major cause of public health concern as there are more than 100,000 cases of congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) estimated to occur every year. Several lines of evidence in the field of molecular biology of RV have provided deeper insights into the teratogenesis process. The damage to the growing fetus in infected mothers is multifactorial, arising from a combination of cellular damage, as well as its effect on the dividing cells. This review focuses on the findings in the molecular biology of RV, with special emphasis on the mitochondrial, cytoskeleton and the gene expression changes. Further, the review addresses in detail, the role of apoptosis in the teratogenesis process. FAU - George, Suji AU - George S AD - Diagnostic Virology Group, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, 20-A, Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411001, India. FAU - Viswanathan, Rajlakshmi AU - Viswanathan R AD - Diagnostic Virology Group, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, 20-A, Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411001, India. FAU - Sapkal, Gajanan N AU - Sapkal GN AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9283-8860 AD - Diagnostic Virology Group, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, 20-A, Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411001, India. gajanansapkalniv@gmail.com. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20190828 TA - Biol Res JT - Biological research JID - 9308271 SB - IM MH - Apoptosis/physiology MH - Congenital Abnormalities/*virology MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Mitochondria/virology MH - Pregnancy MH - Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/*virology MH - Rubella/*complications/virology MH - Rubella Syndrome, Congenital/*virology MH - Rubella virus/*physiology MH - Signal Transduction MH - *Teratogenesis MH - Virus Replication/physiology PMC - PMC6712747 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Apoptosis OT - Mitochondria OT - Rubella OT - Teratogenesis COIS- The authors declare that they have no competing interests. EDAT- 2019/08/29 06:00 MHDA- 2019/09/04 06:00 CRDT- 2019/08/29 06:00 PHST- 2018/04/19 00:00 [received] PHST- 2019/08/12 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2019/08/29 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2019/08/29 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2019/09/04 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.1186/s40659-019-0254-3 [pii] AID - 254 [pii] AID - 10.1186/s40659-019-0254-3 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Biol Res. 2019 Aug 28;52(1):47. doi: 10.1186/s40659-019-0254-3. PMID- 12718013 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20030718 LR - 20191027 IS - 0047-1852 (Print) IS - 0047-1852 (Linking) VI - 61 Suppl 3 DP - 2003 Mar TI - [Rubella virus]. PG - 480-5 FAU - Katow, Shigetaka AU - Katow S AD - Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases. LA - jpn PT - Journal Article PT - Review PL - Japan TA - Nihon Rinsho JT - Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine JID - 0420546 SB - IM MH - Diagnosis, Differential MH - Genes, Viral MH - Genome, Viral MH - Genotype MH - Humans MH - Molecular Diagnostic Techniques MH - Phylogeny MH - Polymerase Chain Reaction MH - Prenatal Diagnosis MH - Rubella/diagnosis/virology MH - Rubella virus/*genetics/physiology MH - Virus Replication/genetics RF - 14 EDAT- 2003/04/30 05:00 MHDA- 2003/07/19 05:00 CRDT- 2003/04/30 05:00 PHST- 2003/04/30 05:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2003/07/19 05:00 [medline] PHST- 2003/04/30 05:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1038/npg.els.0000432 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Nihon Rinsho. 2003 Mar;61 Suppl 3:480-5. doi: 10.1038/npg.els.0000432. PMID- 29984523 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20190528 LR - 20190528 IS - 1096-9071 (Electronic) IS - 0146-6615 (Linking) VI - 90 IP - 11 DP - 2018 Nov TI - Epidemiology of rubella infection and genotyping of rubella virus in Cote d'Ivoire, 2012-2016. PG - 1687-1694 LID - 10.1002/jmv.25252 [doi] AB - Rubella is a contagious disease caused by the rubella virus (RuV) that can lead to serious birth defects when women are infected in early pregnancy. This study aimed to describe the epidemiology and genetic diversity of rubella viruses in Cote d'Ivoire (CIV). Blood or oral fluid samples collected from suspected measles cases were first tested for the presence of measles specific IgM antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All measles IgM negative or indeterminate samples were tested for rubella IgM antibody using ELISA. Rubella-IgM-positive samples were tested by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the presence of rubella virus RNA. Real-time RT-PCR-positive RNA samples were used as template to amplify the 739 nt region used for rubella genotyping. PCR-positive samples were sequenced and phylogenetic analysis performed. Between 2012 and 2016, 4121 serums and 126 oral fluids were collected through the measles surveillance system. Of these, 3823 and 108 respectively were measles IgM negative or indeterminate. Subsequent testing for rubella found that 690 of 3823 (18%) serum samples and 25 of 108 (23%) oral fluid samples were rubella IgM-positive. The 739 nt segment of the E1 glycoprotein gene was amplified and sequenced for two serums and seven oral fluids samples. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the rubella viruses from CIV belonged to genotypes 1G (eight samples) and 2B (one sample). Rubella virus genotype 2B was found in CIV for the first time. These data contribute to baseline information on rubella virus strains found in CIV before the introduction of rubella vaccine. CI - © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. FAU - Kadjo, Herve A AU - Kadjo HA AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5072-1805 AD - Department of Epidemic Viruses, Pasteur Institute of Cote d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. FAU - Waku-Kouomou, Diane AU - Waku-Kouomou D AD - IHRC Inc, Contracting Agency to the Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia. FAU - Adagba, Marius AU - Adagba M AD - Department of Epidemic Viruses, Pasteur Institute of Cote d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. FAU - Abernathy, Emily S AU - Abernathy ES AD - Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia. FAU - Abdoulaye, Ouattara AU - Abdoulaye O AD - Department of Epidemic Viruses, Pasteur Institute of Cote d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. FAU - Adjogoua, Edgard AU - Adjogoua E AD - Department of Epidemic Viruses, Pasteur Institute of Cote d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. FAU - Coulibaly-Traore, Fanta AU - Coulibaly-Traore F AD - Department of Epidemic Viruses, Pasteur Institute of Cote d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. FAU - Aboubacar, Sylla AU - Aboubacar S AD - Department of Epidemic Viruses, Pasteur Institute of Cote d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. FAU - Daniel, Ekra AU - Daniel E AD - Direction du Programme Elargi de Vaccination (Ministere de la Sante). FAU - Icenogle, Joseph AU - Icenogle J AD - Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia. FAU - Dosso, Mireille AU - Dosso M AD - Department of Epidemic Viruses, Pasteur Institute of Cote d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. LA - eng GR - U.S. Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention/International GR - Ministry of Health of Cote D'Ivoire/International GR - World Health Organization AFRO (WHO-AFRO)/International PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. DEP - 20180725 PL - United States TA - J Med Virol JT - Journal of medical virology JID - 7705876 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin M) SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - Antibodies, Viral/analysis MH - Blood/immunology/virology MH - Child MH - Child, Preschool MH - Cote d'Ivoire/epidemiology MH - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay MH - Female MH - *Genotype MH - Genotyping Techniques MH - Humans MH - Immunoglobulin M/analysis MH - Infant MH - Infant, Newborn MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Mouth Mucosa/immunology MH - Phylogeny MH - Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction MH - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction MH - Rubella/*epidemiology/*virology MH - Rubella virus/*classification/genetics/*isolation & purification MH - Sequence Analysis, DNA MH - Young Adult OTO - NOTNLM OT - *Africa OT - *Cote d’Ivoire OT - *epidemiology OT - *genotyping OT - *rubella infection EDAT- 2018/07/10 06:00 MHDA- 2019/05/29 06:00 CRDT- 2018/07/10 06:00 PHST- 2018/02/08 00:00 [received] PHST- 2018/05/08 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2018/07/10 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2019/05/29 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2018/07/10 06:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1002/jmv.25252 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Med Virol. 2018 Nov;90(11):1687-1694. doi: 10.1002/jmv.25252. Epub 2018 Jul 25. PMID- 24824868 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20150527 LR - 20211021 IS - 1432-1831 (Electronic) IS - 0300-8584 (Linking) VI - 203 IP - 5 DP - 2014 Oct TI - Rubella virus perturbs autophagy. PG - 323-31 LID - 10.1007/s00430-014-0340-7 [doi] AB - Autophagy is a cellular catabolic process implicated in numerous physiological processes and pathological conditions, including infections. Viruses have evolved different strategies to modulate the autophagic process. Since the effects of rubella virus (RV) on autophagy have not yet been reported, we evaluated the autophagic activity in the Statens Seruminstitut Rabbit Cornea cell line infected with the To336 strain of RV. Our results showed that RV lowered the levels of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 B-II (LC3B-II) and the autophagy-related gene 12-autophagy-related gene 5 conjugate, inhibited the autophagic flux, suppressed the intracellular redistribution of LC3B, decreased both the average number and the size of autophagosomes per cell and impeded the formation of acidic vesicular organelles. Induction of autophagy by using rapamycin decreased both the viral yields and the apoptotic rates of infected cultures. Besides its cytoprotective effects, autophagy furnishes an important antiviral mechanism, inhibition of which may reorchestrate intracellular environment so as to better serve the unique requirements of RV replication. Together, our observations suggest that RV utilizes a totally different strategy to cope with autophagy than that evolved by other positive-stranded RNA viruses, and there is considerable heterogeneity among the members of the Togaviridae family in terms of their effects on the cellular autophagic cascade. FAU - Pásztor, Kata AU - Pásztor K AD - Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 10, Szeged, 6720, Hungary. FAU - Orosz, László AU - Orosz L FAU - Seprényi, György AU - Seprényi G FAU - Megyeri, Klára AU - Megyeri K LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20140514 PL - Germany TA - Med Microbiol Immunol JT - Medical microbiology and immunology JID - 0314524 SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Apoptosis MH - *Autophagy MH - Cell Line MH - Fibroblasts/immunology/*virology MH - *Host-Pathogen Interactions MH - Humans MH - Organelles/metabolism MH - Rabbits MH - Rubella virus/immunology/*physiology EDAT- 2014/05/16 06:00 MHDA- 2015/05/28 06:00 CRDT- 2014/05/15 06:00 PHST- 2014/01/16 00:00 [received] PHST- 2014/05/02 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2014/05/15 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2014/05/16 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2015/05/28 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.1007/s00430-014-0340-7 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Med Microbiol Immunol. 2014 Oct;203(5):323-31. doi: 10.1007/s00430-014-0340-7. Epub 2014 May 14. PMID- 32599316 OWN - NLM STAT- Publisher LR - 20201002 IS - 1872-7972 (Electronic) IS - 0304-3940 (Linking) DP - 2020 Jun 26 TI - WITHDRAWN: Effect of maternal rubella virus infection on fetal cardiac function and neural development by color doppler ultrasound (cardiography) information technology. LID - S0304-3940(20)30479-1 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135209 [doi] AB - This article has been withdrawn at the request of the Editor-in-Chief. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal. CI - Copyright © 2020. FAU - Liu, Haixia AU - Liu H AD - Third Department of Ultrasound, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou City 061001, Hebei Province, China. FAU - Shi, Wei AU - Shi W AD - Third Department of Ultrasound, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou City 061001, Hebei Province, China. Electronic address: shi_shiwei405@163.com. LA - eng PT - Retraction of Publication DEP - 20200626 PL - Ireland TA - Neurosci Lett JT - Neuroscience letters JID - 7600130 SB - IM EDAT- 2020/07/01 06:00 MHDA- 2020/07/01 06:00 CRDT- 2020/06/30 06:00 PHST- 2020/05/20 00:00 [received] PHST- 2020/06/17 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2020/06/24 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2020/07/01 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/07/01 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2020/06/30 06:00 [entrez] AID - S0304-3940(20)30479-1 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135209 [doi] PST - aheadofprint SO - Neurosci Lett. 2020 Jun 26:S0304-3940(20)30479-1. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135209. PMID- 26607813 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20160802 LR - 20181113 IS - 1098-6618 (Electronic) IS - 0893-8512 (Print) IS - 0893-8512 (Linking) VI - 29 IP - 1 DP - 2016 Jan TI - Standardization of Assays That Detect Anti-Rubella Virus IgG Antibodies. PG - 163-74 LID - 10.1128/CMR.00045-15 [doi] AB - Rubella virus usually causes a mild infection in humans but can cause congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). Vaccination programs have significantly decreased primary rubella virus infection and CRS; however, vaccinated individuals usually have lower levels of rubella virus IgG than those with natural infections. Rubella virus IgG is quantified with enzyme immunoassays that have been calibrated against the World Health Organization (WHO) international standard and report results in international units per milliliter. It is recognized that the results reported by these assays are not standardized. This investigation into the reasons for the lack of standardization found that the current WHO international standard (RUB-1-94) fails by three key metrological principles. The standard is not a pure analyte but is composed of pooled human immunoglobulin. It was not calibrated by certified reference methods; rather, superseded tests were used. Finally, no measurement uncertainty estimations have been provided. There is an analytical and clinical consequence to the lack of standardization of rubella virus IgG assays, which leads to misinterpretation of results. The current approach to standardization of rubella virus IgG assays has not achieved the desired results. A new approach is required. CI - Copyright © 2015, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. FAU - Dimech, Wayne AU - Dimech W AD - NRL, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia wayne@nrl.gov.au. FAU - Grangeot-Keros, Liliane AU - Grangeot-Keros L AD - Paris-Sud University, AP-HP, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Virologie, National Reference Laboratory for Maternofetal Rubella Infections, Villejuif, France. FAU - Vauloup-Fellous, Christelle AU - Vauloup-Fellous C AD - Paris-Sud University, AP-HP, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Virologie, National Reference Laboratory for Maternofetal Rubella Infections, Villejuif, France. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review TA - Clin Microbiol Rev JT - Clinical microbiology reviews JID - 8807282 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin G) SB - IM MH - Antibodies, Viral/*blood MH - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/*methods/*standards MH - Humans MH - Immunoglobulin G/*blood MH - Rubella virus/*immunology PMC - PMC4771216 EDAT- 2015/11/27 06:00 MHDA- 2016/08/03 06:00 CRDT- 2015/11/27 06:00 PHST- 2015/11/27 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2015/11/27 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2016/08/03 06:00 [medline] AID - 29/1/163 [pii] AID - 00045-15 [pii] AID - 10.1128/CMR.00045-15 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Clin Microbiol Rev. 2016 Jan;29(1):163-74. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00045-15. PMID- 33627388 OWN - NLM STAT- Publisher LR - 20211027 IS - 1098-5514 (Electronic) IS - 0022-538X (Print) IS - 0022-538X (Linking) VI - 95 IP - 10 DP - 2021 Feb 24 TI - Molecular and Structural Insights into the Life Cycle of Rubella Virus. LID - JVI.02349-20 [pii] LID - 10.1128/JVI.02349-20 [doi] LID - e02349-20 AB - Rubella virus (RUBV), a rubivirus, is an airborne human pathogen that generally causes mild measles-like symptoms in children or adults. However, RUBV infection of pregnant women can result in miscarriage or congenital rubella syndrome (CRS), a collection of long-term birth defects including incomplete organ development and mental retardation. Worldwide vaccination campaigns have significantly reduced the number of RUBV infections, but RUBV continues to be a problem in countries with low vaccination coverage. Further, the recent discovery of pathogenic rubiviruses in other mammals emphasizes the spillover potential of rubella-related viruses to humans. In the last decade, our understanding of RUBV has been significantly increased by virological, biochemical, and structural studies, providing a platform to begin understanding the life cycle of RUBV at the molecular level. This review concentrates on recent work on RUBV, focusing on the virion, its structural components, and its entry, fusion, and assembly mechanisms. Important features of RUBV are compared with those of viruses from other families. We also use comparative genomics, manual curation, and protein homology modeling to highlight distinct features of RUBV that are evolutionarily conserved in the non-human rubiviruses. Since rubella-like viruses may potentially have higher pathogenicity and transmissibility to humans, we also propose a framework for utilizing RUBV as a model to study its more pathogenic cousins. CI - Copyright © 2021 American Society for Microbiology. FAU - Das, Pratyush Kumar AU - Das PK AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2822-9619 AD - Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA. FAU - Kielian, Margaret AU - Kielian M AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7395-4791 AD - Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA margaret.kielian@einsteinmed.org. LA - eng GR - R01 AI075647/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20210224 TA - J Virol JT - Journal of virology JID - 0113724 SB - IM PMC - PMC8139664 EDAT- 2021/02/26 06:00 MHDA- 2021/02/26 06:00 CRDT- 2021/02/25 05:34 PHST- 2021/02/25 05:34 [entrez] PHST- 2021/02/26 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/02/26 06:00 [medline] AID - JVI.02349-20 [pii] AID - 02349-20 [pii] AID - 10.1128/JVI.02349-20 [doi] PST - aheadofprint SO - J Virol. 2021 Feb 24;95(10):e02349-20. doi: 10.1128/JVI.02349-20. PMID- 20353299 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20100615 LR - 20100331 IS - 1746-0921 (Electronic) IS - 1746-0913 (Linking) VI - 5 IP - 4 DP - 2010 Apr TI - Rubella virus capsid protein: a small protein with big functions. PG - 571-84 LID - 10.2217/fmb.10.27 [doi] AB - Virus replication occurs in the midst of a life or death struggle between the virus and the infected host cell. To limit virus replication, host cells can activate a number of antiviral pathways, the most drastic of which is programmed cell death. Whereas large DNA viruses have the luxury of encoding accessory proteins whose main function is to interfere with host cell defences, the genomes of RNA viruses are not large enough to encode proteins of this type. Recent studies have revealed that proteins encoded by RNA viruses often play multiple roles in the battles between viruses and host cells. In this article, we discuss the many functions of the rubella virus capsid protein. This protein has well-defined roles in virus assembly, but recent research suggests that it also functions to modulate virus replication and block host cell defences. FAU - Ilkow, Carolina S AU - Ilkow CS AD - Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada. cilkow@ualberta.ca FAU - Willows, Steven D AU - Willows SD FAU - Hobman, Tom C AU - Hobman TC LA - eng GR - Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review PL - England TA - Future Microbiol JT - Future microbiology JID - 101278120 RN - 0 (Capsid Proteins) RN - 0 (Virulence Factors) SB - IM MH - Capsid Proteins/*physiology MH - Rubella virus/growth & development/pathogenicity/*physiology MH - Virulence MH - Virulence Factors MH - *Virus Assembly MH - *Virus Replication RF - 147 EDAT- 2010/04/01 06:00 MHDA- 2010/06/16 06:00 CRDT- 2010/04/01 06:00 PHST- 2010/04/01 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2010/04/01 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2010/06/16 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.2217/fmb.10.27 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Future Microbiol. 2010 Apr;5(4):571-84. doi: 10.2217/fmb.10.27. PMID- 31201039 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20200713 LR - 20200713 IS - 1878-0067 (Electronic) IS - 1755-4365 (Print) IS - 1878-0067 (Linking) VI - 28 DP - 2019 Sep TI - Phylogeography of rubella virus in Asia: Vaccination and demography shape synchronous outbreaks. PG - 100346 LID - S1755-4365(18)30105-1 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.epidem.2019.100346 [doi] LID - 100346 AB - Rubella virus causes mild disease in children but for women in the early stages of pregnancy, it can cause spontaneous abortion, congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) and associated birth defects. Despite the availability of an effective vaccine, rubella virus continues to circulate endemically in several regions of the world. This is particularly true in East and Southeast (E/SE) Asia, where control efforts vary widely among countries that are well connected through travel and immigration. It is therefore important to understand how the regional persistence of rubella is affected both by dynamics occurring across countries and susceptibility within countries. Here, we use genetic and epidemiological data from countries in E/SE Asia to explore the phylogeography of rubella virus in this region. Our results underline that metapopulation dynamics are key for rubella persistence and highlight the source-sink population structure of the region. We identify countries that contribute to the regional metapopulation network and link epidemic dynamics to susceptibility profiles within each country. Our results indicate that human movement plays an important role in driving epidemic dynamics in E/SE Asia. CI - Copyright © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. FAU - Bozick, Brooke A AU - Bozick BA AD - Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States. Electronic address: bbozick@princeton.edu. FAU - Worby, Colin J AU - Worby CJ AD - Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States. FAU - Metcalf, C Jessica E AU - Metcalf CJE AD - Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States. LA - eng GR - P2C HD047879/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20190528 TA - Epidemics JT - Epidemics JID - 101484711 SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Asia, Southeastern MH - Child MH - Demography MH - Disease Outbreaks/*prevention & control MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Phylogeography MH - Rubella/*epidemiology/*prevention & control MH - *Rubella virus MH - Travel MH - Vaccination/*statistics & numerical data PMC - PMC6731519 OTO - NOTNLM OT - *Epidemic dynamics OT - *Human movement OT - *Metapopulation OT - *Phylogeography OT - *Rubella virus EDAT- 2019/06/16 06:00 MHDA- 2020/07/14 06:00 CRDT- 2019/06/16 06:00 PHST- 2018/06/19 00:00 [received] PHST- 2019/01/16 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2019/05/27 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2019/06/16 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/07/14 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2019/06/16 06:00 [entrez] AID - S1755-4365(18)30105-1 [pii] AID - 100346 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.epidem.2019.100346 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Epidemics. 2019 Sep;28:100346. doi: 10.1016/j.epidem.2019.100346. Epub 2019 May 28. PMID- 31751431 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20200319 LR - 20200319 IS - 1932-6203 (Electronic) IS - 1932-6203 (Linking) VI - 14 IP - 11 DP - 2019 TI - Seroprevalence of rubella virus antibodies among pregnant women in the Center and South-West regions of Cameroon. PG - e0225594 LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0225594 [doi] LID - e0225594 AB - Rubella infection in early pregnancy can lead to miscarriages, fetal death, or birth of an infant with congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). In Cameroon, like in many developing countries, rubella surveillance is not well-established. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of rubella virus specific antibodies among pregnant Cameroonians. We conducted a cross-sectional study for rubella infection among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in the Center and South-West regions of Cameroon. Demographic data and blood were collected and tested for rubella specific antibodies (IgG and IgM), and for the IgM positive cases, IgG avidity and real time PCR was done. From December 2015 to July 2017, 522 serum samples were collected and tested from pregnant women. The seroprevalence of rubella specific IgG was 94.4%, presumably due to immunity induced by wild-type rubella virus. The seroprevalence of rubella specific IgM was 5.0%, possibly indicating rubella infection. However, IgG avidity testing of the IgM positive cases detected high avidity IgGs, ranging from 52.37% to 87.70%, indicating past rubella infection. 5.6% (29/522) of the participants had negative results for IgG to rubella virus, indicating susceptibility to rubella infection. None of the participants had received a rubella containing vaccine (RCV), but 51% (266/522) of the pregnant women lived in a house with a child with records of at least one dose of RCV. Rubella virus RNA was not detected in the urine of any IgM positive case. Findings from this study show that rubella infection is significant in Cameroon. Some pregnant women are still susceptible to rubella infection. For a better management of rubella infection in pregnancy in Cameroon, consideration should be taken to investigate for IgG-avidity test in cases with positive rubella IgM result to distinguish between recent from past rubella infection. FAU - Taku, Nadesh Ashukem AU - Taku NA AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6514-6743 AD - Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon. FAU - Ndze, Valantine Ngum AU - Ndze VN AD - Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon. FAU - Abernathy, Emily AU - Abernathy E AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America. FAU - Hao, LiJuan AU - Hao L AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America. FAU - Waku-Kouomou, Diane AU - Waku-Kouomou D AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America. AD - IHRC Inc, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America. FAU - Icenogle, Joseph P AU - Icenogle JP AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America. FAU - Wanji, Samuel AU - Wanji S AD - Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon. FAU - Akoachere, Jane-Francis K T AU - Akoachere JKT AD - Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. DEP - 20191121 TA - PLoS One JT - PloS one JID - 101285081 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (RNA, Viral) RN - 0 (rubella antibodies) SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Antibodies, Viral/*metabolism MH - Cameroon/epidemiology MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Pregnancy MH - Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/diagnosis/*epidemiology MH - RNA, Viral/genetics MH - Rubella/diagnosis/*epidemiology MH - Rubella virus/*genetics/immunology/isolation & purification MH - Sequence Analysis, RNA MH - Seroepidemiologic Studies MH - Young Adult PMC - PMC6872161 COIS- IHRC Inc. provided contract administration support in the form of salaries payments for authors [DWK], through contract number 61249 with the National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases at the Centers for Diseases Control. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. EDAT- 2019/11/22 06:00 MHDA- 2020/03/20 06:00 CRDT- 2019/11/22 06:00 PHST- 2019/05/13 00:00 [received] PHST- 2019/11/07 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2019/11/22 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2019/11/22 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/03/20 06:00 [medline] AID - PONE-D-19-13391 [pii] AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0225594 [doi] PST - epublish SO - PLoS One. 2019 Nov 21;14(11):e0225594. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225594. eCollection 2019. PMID- 28511456 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20200930 IS - 2249-782X (Print) IS - 0973-709X (Electronic) IS - 0973-709X (Linking) VI - 11 IP - 3 DP - 2017 Mar TI - Acute Rubella Virus Infection among Women with Spontaneous Abortion in Mwanza City, Tanzania. PG - QC25-QC27 LID - 10.7860/JCDR/2017/22634.9544 [doi] AB - INTRODUCTION: Acute rubella virus infection in early pregnancy has been associated with poor pregnancy outcome ranging from spontaneous abortion, stillbirth and multiple birth defects known as Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS). Despite its importance the prevalence of acute rubella virus infections is not known among women with spontaneous abortion in most centres in developing countries. AIM: The present study was aimed to determine the seroprevalence of acute rubella infection among women with spontaneous abortion in Mwanza city. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 268 women with spontaneous abortion were enrolled from four different hospitals in Mwanza city between November 2015 and April 2016. Blood samples were collected; sera were extracted and stored at -80°C until processing. Acute rubella virus infection was diagnosed by the detection of rubella specific IgM antibodies using indirect Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) as per manufacturer's instructions. Data were analysed by using STATA version 11. RESULTS: The mean age of enrolled women was 26.3±5.6 years. The prevalence of acute rubella virus infection was found to be 9/268 (3.7%, 95% CI: 1-5). Only women residing in urban areas (AOR: 5.65, 95% CI: 1.15-27.77, p=0.035) were found to predict acute rubella virus infection among cases with spontaneous abortion in Mwanza city. CONCLUSION: About four out of hundred women residing in urban areas with spontaneous abortion in Mwanza are acutely infected with rubella virus highlighting the potential of this virus in contributing to poor pregnancy outcome in this setting. FAU - Lulandala, Lukombodzo AU - Lulandala L AD - Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Mwanza, Tanzania. FAU - Mirambo, Mariam M AU - Mirambo MM AD - Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Mwanza, Tanzania. FAU - Matovelo, Dismas AU - Matovelo D AD - Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Mwanza, Tanzania. FAU - Gumodoka, Balthazar AU - Gumodoka B AD - Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Mwanza, Tanzania. FAU - Mshana, Stephen E AU - Mshana SE AD - Professor, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Mwanza, Tanzania. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20170301 TA - J Clin Diagn Res JT - Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR JID - 101488993 PMC - PMC5427382 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Developing countries OT - Miscarriage OT - Rubella specific IgM antibodies EDAT- 2017/05/18 06:00 MHDA- 2017/05/18 06:01 CRDT- 2017/05/18 06:00 PHST- 2016/07/08 00:00 [received] PHST- 2016/09/20 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2017/05/18 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2017/05/18 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2017/05/18 06:01 [medline] AID - 10.7860/JCDR/2017/22634.9544 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Clin Diagn Res. 2017 Mar;11(3):QC25-QC27. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2017/22634.9544. Epub 2017 Mar 1. PMID- 22855483 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20121226 LR - 20211021 IS - 1098-5514 (Electronic) IS - 0022-538X (Print) IS - 0022-538X (Linking) VI - 86 IP - 20 DP - 2012 Oct TI - Cryo-electron tomography of rubella virus. PG - 11078-85 AB - Rubella virus is the only member of the Rubivirus genus within the Togaviridae family and is the causative agent of the childhood disease known as rubella or German measles. Here, we report the use of cryo-electron tomography to examine the three-dimensional structure of rubella virions and compare their structure to that of Ross River virus, a togavirus belonging the genus Alphavirus. The ectodomains of the rubella virus glycoproteins, E1 and E2, are shown to be organized into extended rows of density, separated by 9 nm on the viral surface. We also show that the rubella virus nucleocapsid structure often forms a roughly spherical shell which lacks high density at its center. While many rubella virions are approximately spherical and have dimensions similar to that of the icosahedral Ross River virus, the present results indicate that rubella exhibits a large degree of pleomorphy. In addition, we used rotation function calculations and other analyses to show that approximately spherical rubella virions lack the icosahedral organization which characterizes Ross River and other alphaviruses. The present results indicate that the assembly mechanism of rubella virus, which has previously been shown to differ from that of the alphavirus assembly pathway, leads to an organization of the rubella virus structural proteins that is different from that of alphaviruses. FAU - Battisti, Anthony J AU - Battisti AJ AD - Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA. FAU - Yoder, Joshua D AU - Yoder JD FAU - Plevka, Pavel AU - Plevka P FAU - Winkler, Dennis C AU - Winkler DC FAU - Prasad, Vidya Mangala AU - Prasad VM FAU - Kuhn, Richard J AU - Kuhn RJ FAU - Frey, Teryl K AU - Frey TK FAU - Steven, Alasdair C AU - Steven AC FAU - Rossmann, Michael G AU - Rossmann MG LA - eng GR - R01 AI095366/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 AI021389/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States GR - T32 GM008296-20/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States GR - AI21389/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States GR - ZIA AR027002-34/ImNIH/Intramural NIH HHS/United States GR - AI095366/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States GR - T32 GM008296/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. DEP - 20120801 TA - J Virol JT - Journal of virology JID - 0113724 RN - 0 (Capsid Proteins) RN - 0 (E1 protein, Ross River virus) RN - 0 (E2 protein, Ross River virus) RN - 0 (Glycoproteins) RN - 0 (Membrane Glycoproteins) RN - 0 (Viral Envelope Proteins) RN - 131016-01-8 (E1 envelope protein, Rubella virus) RN - 131016-03-0 (E2 envelope protein, Rubella virus) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Capsid Proteins/analysis/chemistry MH - Cell Line MH - Chlorocebus aethiops MH - Cryoelectron Microscopy MH - Electron Microscope Tomography MH - Freezing MH - Glycoproteins MH - Membrane Glycoproteins/analysis/chemistry MH - Nucleocapsid/ultrastructure MH - Ross River virus/*ultrastructure MH - Rubella/virology MH - Rubella virus/chemistry/*ultrastructure MH - Vero Cells MH - Viral Envelope Proteins/analysis/chemistry MH - Virus Assembly PMC - PMC3457135 EDAT- 2012/08/03 06:00 MHDA- 2012/12/27 06:00 CRDT- 2012/08/03 06:00 PHST- 2012/08/03 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2012/08/03 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2012/12/27 06:00 [medline] AID - JVI.01390-12 [pii] AID - 01390-12 [pii] AID - 10.1128/JVI.01390-12 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Virol. 2012 Oct;86(20):11078-85. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01390-12. Epub 2012 Aug 1. PMID- 33533577 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20211025 LR - 20211025 IS - 2411-2097 (Electronic) IS - 0507-4088 (Linking) VI - 65 IP - 6 DP - 2021 Jan 7 TI - Study of the teratogenicity of the vaccine strain of the Rubella virus «Orlov-V» (Matonaviridae: Rubivirus: Rubella virus) in experience on rhesus macaques. PG - 357-363 LID - 10.36233/0507-4088-2020-65-6-6 [doi] AB - INTRODUCTION: Rubella virus has pronounced teratogenic properties that can cause generalized and persistent intrauterine infection of the fetus. As a result, the control of the loss of teratogenicity inherent in «wild-type» virus strains is a necessary stage of a preclinical study of the vaccine strain for a live attenuated rubella vaccine.The purpose of the study is to comprehensively study the teratogenic properties of the vaccine strain of rubella virus «Orlov-V» in the experiment on rhesus macaques. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Seronegative to rubella virus female rhesus macaques in early pregnancy at the age of 4-7 years (n = 13) were used in the experiment. Animals of the experimental group (n = 9) received single immunization intramuscularly with a preparation from the «Orlov-V» strain. The control group of the monkeys (n = 3) were immunized with a commercial vaccine containing Wistar RA27/3 strain. The female of the control group (n = 1) was injected with a solvent used in the rubella vaccine. Study of possible teratogenic properties of vaccine strains of rubella virus was carried out using a complex of clinical, immunological, pathomorphological and virological methods. Clinical observations were made within 3 months after the monkeys' birth. Determination of antibody titers in the blood serum of immunized monkeys was performed in HI test on the 28th-30th day after infection. The ELISA method was applied to determine IgM antibodies in the blood serum of newborns within the first month of life. Detection of rubella virus RNA was performed by PCR with electrophoretic detection of amplicons. RESULTS: No markers of congenital rubella infection were found in infants born from monkeys vaccinated during the pregnancy. It is shown that PCR can be an informative method to confirm the absence of teratogenic properties of vaccine strains of rubella virus. DISCUSSION: The obtained data demonstrated that vaccine strains of the «Orlov-V» rubella virus and Wistar RA27/3 have lost their teratogenic properties. The possibility of using an alternative strategy for preclinical assessment of specific safety of antiviral vaccines including a complex of clinical, immunological, pathologic and virological methods instead of the classical pathologic method is discussed. CONCLUSION: The results obtained in this study showed the absence of teratogenic properties and high immunogenic activity of the vaccine strain of rubella virus «Orlov-V». FAU - Lavrentjeva, I N AU - Lavrentjeva IN AD - FSBI «Saint Petersburg Pasteur Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology» of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing. FAU - Shamsutdinova, O A AU - Shamsutdinova OA AD - FSBRI «Research Institute of Medical Primatology» of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia. FAU - Chugueva, I I AU - Chugueva II AD - FSBRI «Research Institute of Medical Primatology» of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia. FAU - Karal-Ogly, D D AU - Karal-Ogly DD AD - FSBRI «Research Institute of Medical Primatology» of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia. FAU - Vyshemirskiy, O I AU - Vyshemirskiy OI AD - FSBRI «Research Institute of Medical Primatology» of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20210107 PL - Russia (Federation) TA - Vopr Virusol JT - Voprosy virusologii JID - 0417337 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Rubella Vaccine) RN - 0 (Vaccines, Attenuated) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Antibodies, Viral/blood MH - Disease Models, Animal MH - Female MH - Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests MH - Humans MH - Infant, Newborn MH - Macaca mulatta/virology MH - Pregnancy MH - Rubella/*blood/immunology/prevention & control/*virology MH - Rubella Vaccine/*pharmacology MH - Rubella virus/*isolation & purification/pathogenicity MH - Vaccination MH - Vaccines, Attenuated/pharmacology EDAT- 2021/02/04 06:00 MHDA- 2021/10/26 06:00 CRDT- 2021/02/03 08:39 PHST- 2021/01/07 00:00 [received] PHST- 2021/01/07 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2021/02/03 08:39 [entrez] PHST- 2021/02/04 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/10/26 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.36233/0507-4088-2020-65-6-6 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Vopr Virusol. 2021 Jan 7;65(6):357-363. doi: 10.36233/0507-4088-2020-65-6-6. PMID- 27863513 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20170802 LR - 20181202 IS - 1471-2458 (Electronic) IS - 1471-2458 (Linking) VI - 16 IP - 1 DP - 2016 Nov 18 TI - Epidemiology of rubella virus cases in the pre-vaccination era of Ethiopia, 2009-2015. PG - 1168 LID - 1168 AB - BACKGROUND: Rubella is a common mild rash illness caused by rubella virus. The majority of infections occur in children and young adults. The infection is the cause of a serious birth defect known as Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS) when a woman acquires infection early in pregnancy. Ethiopia has not yet established rubella virus surveillance and has not yet introduced rubella vaccine into the routine immunization program. We characterize the epidemiology of laboratory confirmed rubella virus cases collected through measles surveillance from 2009 to 2015 to better understand the burden of the disease in the country. METHODS: A descriptive analysis was made to characterize rubella cases reported through the national measles case based surveillance system. The measles case definition was used to capture potential rubella cases. A suspected measles case was a person with generalized rash and fever with cough, or coryza or conjunctivitis. Those cases whose sera were negative for measles IgM antibodies were tested for rubella IgM antibody. A confirmed rubella case was a person who tested positive for rubella IgM. Only laboratory confirmed rubella cases were analyzed in this article. RESULTS: Between 2009 and 2015, a total of 28,284 serum/plasma samples were collected and tested for measles IgM antibody and 11,151 (39.4%) were found positive. A total of 17,066 measles IgM negative or indeterminate samples were tested for rubella virus IgM and 2615 (15.3%) were found positive during the same period. Of 2615 confirmed rubella cases, 52.2% were females. The age of confirmed cases ranged from one month to 42 years with a mean age of 7.3 years. Three-fourth of all confirmed rubella cases were aged less than 10 years. The number of laboratory confirmed rubella cases linearly increased from 83 in 2009 to 856 in 2013 but dropped to 222 and 319 in 2014 and 2015 respectively. Higher number of cases occurred in the hot dry season (January through June) and in the central and western part of Ethiopia with 127 lab-confirmed outbreaks in the study period. CONCLUSIONS: Based on our analysis, rubella was found to be endemic throughout Ethiopia. Children below the age of 10 years were the most affected. The burden of rubella cases varied from year to year but had a seasonal peak in March. To better understand the magnitude of rubella prior to vaccine introduction, establishing rubella surveillance system, conducting sero-prevalence studies among child bearing age females and establishing CRS sentinel surveillance among young infants are critical. FAU - Getahun, Mekonen AU - Getahun M AD - Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Arbegnoch Street, P. O. Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. mekonengetahun@gmail.com. FAU - Beyene, Berhane AU - Beyene B AD - Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Arbegnoch Street, P. O. Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. FAU - Gallagher, Kathleen AU - Gallagher K AD - WHO Country Office, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. FAU - Ademe, Ayesheshem AU - Ademe A AD - WHO Country Office, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. FAU - Teshome, Birke AU - Teshome B AD - Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Arbegnoch Street, P. O. Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. FAU - Tefera, Mesfin AU - Tefera M AD - Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Arbegnoch Street, P. O. Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. FAU - Asha, Anjelo AU - Asha A AD - Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Arbegnoch Street, P. O. Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. FAU - Afework, Aklog AU - Afework A AD - Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Arbegnoch Street, P. O. Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. FAU - Assefa, Esete AU - Assefa E AD - Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Arbegnoch Street, P. O. Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. FAU - HaileMariam, Yoseph AU - HaileMariam Y AD - Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Arbegnoch Street, P. O. Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. FAU - HaileGiorgis, Yonas AU - HaileGiorgis Y AD - WHO Country Office, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. FAU - Ketema, Hiwot AU - Ketema H AD - Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Arbegnoch Street, P. O. Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. FAU - Shiferaw, Dejenie AU - Shiferaw D AD - Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Arbegnoch Street, P. O. Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. FAU - Bekele, Ayenachew AU - Bekele A AD - Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Arbegnoch Street, P. O. Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. FAU - Jima, Daddi AU - Jima D AD - Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Arbegnoch Street, P. O. Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. FAU - Kebede, Amha AU - Kebede A AD - Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Arbegnoch Street, P. O. Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. LA - eng GR - 001/World Health Organization/International PT - Journal Article DEP - 20161118 TA - BMC Public Health JT - BMC public health JID - 100968562 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Rubella Vaccine) RN - 0 (rubella antibodies) SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Antibodies, Viral/blood MH - Child MH - Child, Preschool MH - *Cost of Illness MH - *Disease Outbreaks MH - Ethiopia/epidemiology MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Immunization Programs/trends MH - Infant MH - Male MH - Measles/blood/epidemiology/virology MH - Middle Aged MH - Pregnancy MH - Prevalence MH - Rubella/blood/*epidemiology/virology MH - *Rubella Vaccine MH - *Rubella virus MH - Seasons MH - Sentinel Surveillance MH - Vaccination/trends MH - Young Adult PMC - PMC5116171 OTO - NOTNLM OT - *2009–2015 OT - *Ethiopia OT - *Pre-vaccine era OT - *Rubella EDAT- 2016/11/20 06:00 MHDA- 2017/08/03 06:00 CRDT- 2016/11/20 06:00 PHST- 2016/06/15 00:00 [received] PHST- 2016/11/15 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2016/11/20 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2016/11/20 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2017/08/03 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.1186/s12889-016-3841-z [pii] AID - 3841 [pii] AID - 10.1186/s12889-016-3841-z [doi] PST - epublish SO - BMC Public Health. 2016 Nov 18;16(1):1168. doi: 10.1186/s12889-016-3841-z. PMID- 30165188 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20190108 LR - 20190108 IS - 1878-3511 (Electronic) IS - 1201-9712 (Linking) VI - 76 DP - 2018 Nov TI - Rubella virus infections and immune status among pregnant women before the introduction of rubella vaccine in Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia. PG - 14-22 LID - S1201-9712(18)34485-0 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.ijid.2018.07.024 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Rubella and its associated congenital anomalies have been greatly reduced in most developed countries through use of the rubella vaccine. However, the magnitude of the problem is underestimated and there are no well-established rubella/congenital rubella syndrome prevention and control strategies in many developing countries, including Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of rubella virus infections among pregnant women and their immune status before the introduction of rubella vaccine in Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia. METHODS: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant women in Dessie, Felege-Hiwot, and University of Gondar referral hospitals, from December 2015 to February 2017. After obtaining written informed consent, socio-demographic data, reproductive history, clinical manifestations, and the possible risk factors for rubella virus infections were collected using a structured questionnaire. The laboratory analysis of rubella-specific antibodies was done using an enzyme-linked immunoassay method on venous blood samples. Data were entered and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 20. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the strength of association between the dependent variables and covariates. RESULTS: A total of 600 pregnant women were included in the study. Their mean age was 26.4±5years (range 16-40 years). The overall seroprevalence of rubella infection was 89%. Of the total study participants, 9.5% were positive for rubella-specific IgM antibody, which indicates acute/recent rubella virus infection. In contrast, 79.5% of them had protective levels of rubella-specific IgG antibody and were immune as a result of previous wild-type rubella infection. However, 11% of the pregnant women were negative for both rubella-specific antibodies; these women represent the susceptible group. CONCLUSIONS: A large number of pregnant women had acute/recent rubella virus infections at the time of data collection, indicating that the virus is endemic in the study area. More than a tenth of pregnant women were found to be susceptible to acquiring the infection in future pregnancies, with the possible risk of rubella-associated congenital anomalies. Hence screening of all women of child-bearing age before conception and during pregnancy might reduce the devastating effects of the virus on the developing fetus. CI - Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved. FAU - Wondimeneh, Yitayih AU - Wondimeneh Y AD - Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia. Electronic address: yitayihlab@gmail.com. FAU - Tiruneh, Moges AU - Tiruneh M AD - Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia. Electronic address: mogest4@gmail.com. FAU - Ferede, Getachew AU - Ferede G AD - Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia. Electronic address: get29f@gmail.com. FAU - Abera, Birhanu AU - Abera B AD - Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia. Electronic address: birahanua31@gmail.com. FAU - Workineh, Meseret AU - Workineh M AD - Department of Immunology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia. Electronic address: mwesi@gmail.com. FAU - Birhanie, Meseret AU - Birhanie M AD - Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia. Electronic address: meseretbirhanie@yahoo.com. FAU - Tessema, Belay AU - Tessema B AD - Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia. Electronic address: bt1488@yahoo.com. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20180828 PL - Canada TA - Int J Infect Dis JT - International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases JID - 9610933 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Antigens, Viral) RN - 0 (Rubella Vaccine) RN - 0 (rubella antibodies) SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Antibodies, Viral/blood MH - Antigens, Viral/blood MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - Ethiopia/epidemiology MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Logistic Models MH - Pregnancy MH - Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/*epidemiology/immunology/virology MH - Prevalence MH - Prospective Studies MH - Risk Factors MH - Rubella/*epidemiology/*immunology/*prevention & control MH - Rubella Vaccine/administration & dosage MH - Rubella virus/isolation & purification MH - Seroepidemiologic Studies MH - Young Adult OTO - NOTNLM OT - Immune status OT - Pregnant women OT - Rubella virus EDAT- 2018/08/31 06:00 MHDA- 2019/01/09 06:00 CRDT- 2018/08/31 06:00 PHST- 2018/06/09 00:00 [received] PHST- 2018/07/24 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2018/07/27 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2018/08/31 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2019/01/09 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2018/08/31 06:00 [entrez] AID - S1201-9712(18)34485-0 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.ijid.2018.07.024 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Int J Infect Dis. 2018 Nov;76:14-22. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2018.07.024. Epub 2018 Aug 28. PMID- 29262493 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20180611 LR - 20191210 IS - 0253-9624 (Print) IS - 0253-9624 (Linking) VI - 51 IP - 12 DP - 2017 Dec 6 TI - [Genetic characterization of rubella virus isolated in Guizhou Province from 2012 to 2015]. PG - 1108-1112 LID - 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-9624.2017.12.011 [doi] AB - Objective: To analyze the genetic characteristics of rubella virus isolated from 2012 to 2015 in Guizhou province. Methods: A total of 390 cases of suspected measles were collected from Guizhou measles network laboratory from 2012 to 2015 and 25 cases of rubella cases were diagnosed. Rubella virus isolation was performed using Vero/SLAM cells. The presence of rubella viral RNA was detected using Real-time RT-PCR after RNA extraction from infected tissue culture cells. Fragments of 480 bp and 633 bp nucleotides of E1 genes of the isolates were amplified by RT-PCR and the PCR products were sequenced and spliced. The phylogenetic tree was conducted based on the 739 bp nucleotide sequences of E1 genes and gene characteristic analysis was performed. Results: There were 19 cases of rubella outbreaks and 6 cases of rubella sporadic cases in 25 cases of suspected rubella cases. There were 11 males (44.0%) and 14 females (56.0%). The mean age and standard deviation were (12.3±3.9) years. A total of 10 rubella strains were isolated. The results of phylogenetic analysis showed that 7 strains of rubella virus isolates belonged to genotype 1E and the other belonged to genotype 2B. The nucleotide acid and amino acid homology among 7 strains 1E genotype were 99.0%-100% and 100% respectively. 2B genotype of 3 strains of nucleotide and amino acid homology were 99.4%-100% and 99.5%-100% respectively. Ten strains of rubella virus were not mutated in the E1 glycoprotein gene, Asn 177 and Asn 209 N-type glycosylation sites and E1 antigen epitopes between 213 and 285aa.Among them, 7 strains of 1E genotype had a mutation from leucine to phenylalanine in 338 amino acid, 2 strains of 2B genotype at 377 amino acids from valine to alanine. Conclusion: Rubella virus epidemic was caused by 1E and 2B genotypes in Guizhou from 2012 to 2015.Ten strains of rubella virus were highly conserved in nucleotide and amino acid sequences and there was no variation of important functional sites. FAU - Tang, X M AU - Tang XM AD - Department of Immunization Programs, Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang 550004, China. FAU - Zhu, Z AU - Zhu Z FAU - Ren, G AU - Ren G FAU - Ye, X F AU - Ye XF FAU - Zhang, L AU - Zhang L LA - chi PT - Journal Article PL - China TA - Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi JT - Zhonghua yu fang yi xue za zhi [Chinese journal of preventive medicine] JID - 7904962 RN - 0 (Amino Acids) SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - *Amino Acid Sequence MH - Amino Acids MH - Animals MH - Base Sequence MH - Child MH - Chlorocebus aethiops MH - Epidemics MH - Female MH - *Genotype MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Measles MH - Mutation MH - Phylogeny MH - Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction MH - Rubella MH - Rubella virus/*genetics MH - Vero Cells OTO - NOTNLM OT - Genotype OT - Rubella virus OT - Sequence analysis EDAT- 2017/12/21 06:00 MHDA- 2018/06/12 06:00 CRDT- 2017/12/21 06:00 PHST- 2017/12/21 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2017/12/21 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2018/06/12 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-9624.2017.12.011 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2017 Dec 6;51(12):1108-1112. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-9624.2017.12.011. PMID- 25474548 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20151106 LR - 20201217 IS - 1553-7374 (Electronic) IS - 1553-7366 (Print) IS - 1553-7366 (Linking) VI - 10 IP - 12 DP - 2014 Dec TI - Rubella virus: first calcium-requiring viral fusion protein. PG - e1004530 LID - 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004530 [doi] LID - e1004530 AB - Rubella virus (RuV) infection of pregnant women can cause fetal death, miscarriage, or severe fetal malformations, and remains a significant health problem in much of the underdeveloped world. RuV is a small enveloped RNA virus that infects target cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis and low pH-dependent membrane fusion. The structure of the RuV E1 fusion protein was recently solved in its postfusion conformation. RuV E1 is a member of the class II fusion proteins and is structurally related to the alphavirus and flavivirus fusion proteins. Unlike the other known class II fusion proteins, however, RuV E1 contains two fusion loops, with a metal ion complexed between them by the polar residues N88 and D136. Here we demonstrated that RuV infection specifically requires Ca(2+) during virus entry. Other tested cations did not substitute. Ca(2+) was not required for virus binding to cell surface receptors, endocytic uptake, or formation of the low pH-dependent E1 homotrimer. However, Ca(2+) was required for low pH-triggered E1 liposome insertion, virus fusion and infection. Alanine substitution of N88 or D136 was lethal. While the mutant viruses were efficiently assembled and endocytosed by host cells, E1-membrane insertion and fusion were specifically blocked. Together our data indicate that RuV E1 is the first example of a Ca(2+)-dependent viral fusion protein and has a unique membrane interaction mechanism. FAU - Dubé, Mathieu AU - Dubé M AD - Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America. FAU - Rey, Felix A AU - Rey FA AD - Unité de Virologie Structurale, Institut Pasteur and CNRS UMR 3569, Paris, France. FAU - Kielian, Margaret AU - Kielian M AD - Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America. LA - eng GR - P30 CA013330/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 AI075647/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States GR - P30-CA13330/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States GR - R01-AI075647/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20141204 TA - PLoS Pathog JT - PLoS pathogens JID - 101238921 RN - 0 (Membrane Fusion Proteins) RN - 0 (Viral Proteins) RN - SY7Q814VUP (Calcium) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Calcium/*metabolism MH - Chlorocebus aethiops MH - Female MH - HeLa Cells MH - Humans MH - Membrane Fusion Proteins/genetics/*metabolism MH - Pregnancy MH - Protein Structure, Secondary MH - Rubella/genetics/*metabolism MH - Rubella virus/genetics/*metabolism MH - Vero Cells MH - Viral Proteins/genetics/*metabolism MH - *Virus Internalization PMC - PMC4256232 COIS- The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. EDAT- 2014/12/05 06:00 MHDA- 2015/11/07 06:00 CRDT- 2014/12/05 06:00 PHST- 2014/05/14 00:00 [received] PHST- 2014/10/20 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2014/12/05 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2014/12/05 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2015/11/07 06:00 [medline] AID - PPATHOGENS-D-14-01128 [pii] AID - 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004530 [doi] PST - epublish SO - PLoS Pathog. 2014 Dec 4;10(12):e1004530. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004530. eCollection 2014 Dec. PMID- 31126859 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20200928 LR - 20200928 IS - 1873-2518 (Electronic) IS - 0264-410X (Print) IS - 0264-410X (Linking) VI - 37 IP - 29 DP - 2019 Jun 27 TI - Seroprevalence and durability of rubella virus antibodies in a highly immunized population. PG - 3876-3882 LID - S0264-410X(19)30673-5 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.05.049 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Although the administration of the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine has been widespread in the United States for decades, gaps in vaccine coverage still persist for various reasons. The maintenance of herd immunity against rubella virus (RV) is important to controlling the spread and resurgence of rubella and congenital rubella syndrome. METHODS: In this study, we sought to assess the seroprevalence of RV-specific antibodies in an adult population from a defined geographic area in Olmsted County, MN, and the surrounding municipalities, with relatively high vaccine coverage and no documented evidence of circulating RV in the past 24 years. Rubella-specific IgG antibodies were measured by ELISA in a large set of serum samples (n = 1393) obtained from the Mayo Clinic Biobank. This cohort was 80.2% female and ranged from 20 to 44 years of age. RESULTS: In total, 97.8% of subjects were seropositive for rubella-specific IgG antibodies, with a median titer of 40.56 IU/mL, suggesting a high degree of immunization; however, 2.2% of subjects were found to be seronegative. Interestingly, 25.1% of subjects were seropositive but had titers lower than 25 IU/mL, indicating either a population of low responders or individuals that could potentially be at risk of waning immunity. No significant associations or differences were found between RV-specific titers and demographic variables such as age, sex, or body mass index (BMI). CONCLUSIONS: A high rate of seropositivity for rubella was found among this young adult cohort, but a significant percent of the cohort had lower titers that may indicate poor initial vaccine response and potential risk if their antibody titers decline. CI - Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. FAU - Crooke, Stephen N AU - Crooke SN AD - Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. FAU - Haralambieva, Iana H AU - Haralambieva IH AD - Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. FAU - Grill, Diane E AU - Grill DE AD - Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. FAU - Ovsyannikova, Inna G AU - Ovsyannikova IG AD - Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. FAU - Kennedy, Richard B AU - Kennedy RB AD - Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. FAU - Poland, Gregory A AU - Poland GA AD - Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. Electronic address: poland.gregory@mayo.edu. LA - eng GR - R01 AI048793/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States GR - R37 AI048793/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20190521 TA - Vaccine JT - Vaccine JID - 8406899 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin G) RN - 0 (Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine) RN - 0 (rubella antibodies) SB - IM EIN - Vaccine. 2020 Oct 7;38(43):6858. PMID: 32950302 MH - Adult MH - Antibodies, Viral/*blood MH - Cohort Studies MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Immunization/*statistics & numerical data MH - Immunization Schedule MH - Immunoglobulin G/*blood MH - Male MH - Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine/*administration & dosage/immunology MH - Rubella/epidemiology/immunology/*prevention & control MH - Rubella virus MH - Seroepidemiologic Studies MH - Young Adult PMC - PMC6934099 MID - NIHMS1545978 OTO - NOTNLM OT - *Antibodies OT - *Demographics OT - *MMR OT - *Measles-mumps-rubella OT - *Rubella OT - *Seroepidemiology OT - *Titer COIS- Conflicts of Interest All other authors declare no competing financial interests. These activities have been reviewed by the Mayo Clinic Conflict of Interest Review Board and are conducted in compliance with Mayo Clinic Conflict of Interest policies. This research has been reviewed by the Mayo Clinic Conflict of Interest Review Board and was conducted in compliance with Mayo Clinic Conflict of Interest policies. EDAT- 2019/05/28 06:00 MHDA- 2020/09/29 06:00 CRDT- 2019/05/26 06:00 PHST- 2018/11/26 00:00 [received] PHST- 2019/03/12 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2019/05/14 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2019/05/28 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/09/29 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2019/05/26 06:00 [entrez] AID - S0264-410X(19)30673-5 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.05.049 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Vaccine. 2019 Jun 27;37(29):3876-3882. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.05.049. Epub 2019 May 21. PMID- 32292661 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20200928 IS - 2168-8184 (Print) IS - 2168-8184 (Electronic) IS - 2168-8184 (Linking) VI - 12 IP - 3 DP - 2020 Mar 12 TI - Seroprevalence of Rubella Virus-specific Antibodies in Women and the Diagnostic Efficacy of Enzyme-linked Immunoassay and Rapid Immunochromatographic Tests. PG - e7246 LID - 10.7759/cureus.7246 [doi] LID - e7246 AB - Introduction Rubella is an infectious disease caused by the Rubella virus. The disease was previously called German measles and is transmitted through respiratory aerosols. Rubella causes both clinical and subclinical infections in children and young adults. Rubella virus has teratogenic capabilities and may cause severe complications in the fetuses of women who acquire Rubella viral infection during their pregnancy. The present study aims to evaluate the seroprevalence of anti-Rubella virus immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgM antibodies in both pregnant and non-pregnant women and assess the diagnostic efficacy of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and rapid immunochromatographic tests. Methods The study included 240 females in the age range of 16-45 years. The study subjects included both pregnant women and non-pregnant women. After informed consent, 5 milliliters of blood was collected from each participant, and serum was separated and tested for the presence of antibodies (IgG and IgM) against the Rubella virus using both the traditional ELISA (Delta Biologicals, Pvt. Ltd., China) and a rapid ELISA-immunochromatographic test (ICT) (Span Biotech. Ltd., China). The data collected were systematically entered into Microsoft Excel sheets (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, Washington) and were analyzed using SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 17.0, 2008 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois). Results The study revealed an overall seroprevalence of 31.66% for Rubella-specific IgG and IgM antibodies. Out of the 125 pregnant women included in the study, 49 (39.20%) were seropositive for Rubella IgG antibodies, and among the 115 non-pregnant women tested, 24 (20.86%) were positive for Rubella IgG antibodies. Four (5.26%) of the 76 seropositive women revealed IgM antibodies. The sensitivities of both the ELISA (40.61%) and rapid immunochromatographic (39.20%) tests were observed to be low and the specificities of both methods were similar (79.13%). Conclusion The seroprevalence of Rubella-specific IgG antibodies was observed to be low as compared to the other regions of India. The low seroprevalence may predispose pregnant women to Rubella viral infection and may lead to increased incidences of congenital Rubella syndrome (CRS). Both the ELISA and immunochromatographic tests showed low sensitivity and similar specificities. CI - Copyright © 2020, Shahapur et al. FAU - Shahapur, Praveen R AU - Shahapur PR AD - Microbiology, BLDE (Deemed to be University) Shri B.M. Patil Medical College, Vijaypur, IND. FAU - Kandi, Venkataramana AU - Kandi V AD - Clinical Microbiology, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar, IND. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20200312 TA - Cureus JT - Cureus JID - 101596737 PMC - PMC7152573 OTO - NOTNLM OT - children OT - diagnostic efficacy OT - enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) OT - pregnant women OT - rapid immunochromatographic tests OT - rubella virus OT - seroprevalence OT - young adults COIS- The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. EDAT- 2020/04/16 06:00 MHDA- 2020/04/16 06:01 CRDT- 2020/04/16 06:00 PHST- 2020/04/16 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2020/04/16 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/04/16 06:01 [medline] AID - 10.7759/cureus.7246 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Cureus. 2020 Mar 12;12(3):e7246. doi: 10.7759/cureus.7246. PMID- 27122589 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20170518 LR - 20191210 IS - 1098-5514 (Electronic) IS - 0022-538X (Print) IS - 0022-538X (Linking) VI - 90 IP - 14 DP - 2016 Jul 15 TI - Calcium-Dependent Rubella Virus Fusion Occurs in Early Endosomes. PG - 6303-6313 LID - 10.1128/JVI.00634-16 [doi] AB - The E1 membrane protein of rubella virus (RuV) is a class II membrane fusion protein structurally related to the fusion proteins of the alphaviruses, flaviviruses, and phleboviruses. Virus entry is mediated by a low pH-dependent fusion reaction through E1's insertion into the cell membrane and refolding to a stable homotrimer. Unlike the other described class II proteins, RuV E1 contains 2 fusion loops, which complex a metal ion between them by interactions with residues N88 and D136. Insertion of the E1 protein into the target membrane, fusion, and infection require calcium and are blocked by alanine substitution of N88 or D136. Here we addressed the requirements of E1 for calcium binding and the intracellular location of the calcium requirement during virus entry. Our results demonstrated that N88 and D136 are optimally configured to support RuV fusion and are strongly selected for during the virus life cycle. While E1 has some similarities with cellular proteins that bind calcium and anionic lipids, RuV binding to the membrane was independent of anionic lipids. Virus fusion occurred within early endosomes, and chelation of intracellular calcium showed that calcium within the early endosome was required for virus fusion and infection. Calcium triggered the reversible insertion of E1 into the target membrane at neutral pH, but E1 homotrimer formation and fusion required a low pH. Thus, RuV E1, unlike other known class II fusion proteins, has distinct triggers for membrane insertion and fusion protein refolding mediated, respectively, by endosomal calcium and low pH. IMPORTANCE: Rubella virus causes a mild disease of childhood, but infection of pregnant women frequently results in miscarriage or severe birth defects. In spite of an effective vaccine, RuV disease remains a serious problem in many developing countries. RuV infection of host cells involves endocytic uptake and low pH-triggered membrane fusion and is unusual in its requirement for calcium binding by the membrane fusion protein. Here we addressed the mechanism of the calcium requirement and the required location of calcium during virus entry. Both calcium and low pH were essential during the virus fusion reaction, which was shown to occur in the early endosome compartment. CI - Copyright © 2016, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. FAU - Dubé, Mathieu AU - Dubé M AD - Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA. FAU - Etienne, Loïc AU - Etienne L AD - Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA. FAU - Fels, Maximilian AU - Fels M AD - Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA. FAU - Kielian, Margaret AU - Kielian M AD - Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA margaret.kielian@einstein.yu.edu. LA - eng GR - P30 CA013330/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 AI075647/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article DEP - 20160624 TA - J Virol JT - Journal of virology JID - 0113724 RN - 0 (Liposomes) RN - 0 (Viral Fusion Proteins) RN - SY7Q814VUP (Calcium) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Calcium/*metabolism MH - Cell Membrane/*metabolism MH - Chlorocebus aethiops MH - Endosomes/*physiology MH - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration MH - Liposomes/chemistry MH - Membrane Fusion/*physiology MH - Mutation/genetics MH - Protein Conformation MH - Rubella/metabolism/virology MH - Rubella virus/*physiology MH - Vero Cells MH - Viral Fusion Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism MH - Virus Assembly MH - Virus Internalization PMC - PMC4936153 EDAT- 2016/04/29 06:00 MHDA- 2017/05/19 06:00 CRDT- 2016/04/29 06:00 PHST- 2016/04/04 00:00 [received] PHST- 2016/04/25 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2016/04/29 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2016/04/29 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2017/05/19 06:00 [medline] AID - JVI.00634-16 [pii] AID - 00634-16 [pii] AID - 10.1128/JVI.00634-16 [doi] PST - epublish SO - J Virol. 2016 Jun 24;90(14):6303-6313. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00634-16. Print 2016 Jul 15. PMID- 28456531 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20180205 LR - 20180308 IS - 1873-2518 (Electronic) IS - 0264-410X (Linking) VI - 35 IP - 23 DP - 2017 May 25 TI - Rubella virus immunization status in preconception period among Chinese women of reproductive age: A nation-wide, cross-sectional study. PG - 3076-3081 LID - S0264-410X(17)30522-4 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.04.044 [doi] AB - OBJECTIVE: Population-based studies on sero-epidemiology of Rubella in women before conception are lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate the sero-prevalence of Rubella in a nationwide survey among Chinese women planning to get pregnant within six months. METHODS: This population-based, cross-sectional, sero-survey of Rubella virus infection was a part of the National Free Preconception Health Examination Project covering all 31 provinces in Mainland China. Women intending to get pregnant within six months was enrolled between 2010 and 12. Information on demographic characteristics (age, residence status, race, education and occupation) and vaccination history was obtained by interviews. Rubella virus IgG sero-positivity was determined using venous blood samples. RESULTS: Of 2,120,131 women recruited to the study, Rubella virus IgG serology was available in 1,974,188 (99.3%). Participating women were of young age (median=28years), mostly engaged in agricultural activities (78%), and the majority (90%) had high school education or lower. The overall prevalence of Rubella virus IgG sero-positivity was 58.4% (1,161,129); geographical variation ranged from 92.5% in Jilin to 20.1% in Qinghai and 0.0% in Tibet. Only 4.6% (n=91,604) women reported to have had Rubella virus vaccination, and it varied from 18.6% (Guangdong) to 0.2% (Qinghai). Self-reported vaccination status did not correlate with Rubella virus IgG seropositivity. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of Rubella sero-positivity is low among Chinese women of reproductive age and there are significant regional differences. Over 40% of women being susceptible to Rubella in preconception period calls for a targeted screening and vaccination strategy. CI - Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. FAU - Zhou, Qiongjie AU - Zhou Q AD - Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Women's Health and Perinatology Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway. FAU - Wang, Qiaomei AU - Wang Q AD - Department of Maternal and Child Health, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China. FAU - Shen, Haiping AU - Shen H AD - Department of Maternal and Child Health, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China. FAU - Zhang, Yiping AU - Zhang Y AD - Department of Maternal and Child Health, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China. FAU - Zhang, Shikun AU - Zhang S AD - Department of Maternal and Child Health, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China. Electronic address: yiping791129@163.com. FAU - Li, Xiaotian AU - Li X AD - Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Shanghai, China. Electronic address: xiaotianli555@163.com. FAU - Acharya, Ganesh AU - Acharya G AD - Women's Health and Perinatology Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway; Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: ganesh.acharya@ki.se. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20170426 PL - Netherlands TA - Vaccine JT - Vaccine JID - 8406899 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Rubella Vaccine) RN - 0 (rubella antibodies) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Antibodies, Viral/*blood MH - China MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Pregnancy MH - Reproduction MH - Rubella Syndrome, Congenital/*prevention & control MH - Rubella Vaccine/administration & dosage/*immunology MH - Rubella virus/*immunology MH - *Seroepidemiologic Studies MH - Vaccination MH - Young Adult OTO - NOTNLM OT - *China OT - *Congenital Rubella syndrome OT - *Immunization OT - *Pregnancy OT - *Rubella virus EDAT- 2017/05/01 06:00 MHDA- 2018/02/06 06:00 CRDT- 2017/05/01 06:00 PHST- 2017/01/14 00:00 [received] PHST- 2017/04/15 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2017/04/18 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2017/05/01 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2018/02/06 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2017/05/01 06:00 [entrez] AID - S0264-410X(17)30522-4 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.04.044 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Vaccine. 2017 May 25;35(23):3076-3081. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.04.044. Epub 2017 Apr 26. PMID- 11023958 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20001128 LR - 20210526 IS - 0893-8512 (Print) IS - 1098-6618 (Electronic) IS - 0893-8512 (Linking) VI - 13 IP - 4 DP - 2000 Oct TI - Rubella virus replication and links to teratogenicity. PG - 571-87 AB - Rubella virus (RV) is the causative agent of the disease known more popularly as German measles. Rubella is predominantly a childhood disease and is endemic throughout the world. Natural infections of rubella occur only in humans and are generally mild. Complications of rubella infection, most commonly polyarthralgia in adult women, do exist; occasionally more serious sequelae occur. However, the primary public health concern of RV infection is its teratogenicity. RV infection of women during the first trimester of pregnancy can induce a spectrum of congenital defects in the newborn, known as congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). The development of vaccines and implementation of vaccination strategies have substantially reduced the incidence of disease and in turn of CRS in developed countries. The pathway whereby RV infection leads to teratogenesis has not been elucidated, but the cytopathology in infected fetal tissues suggests necrosis and/or apoptosis as well as inhibition of cell division of critical precursor cells involved in organogenesis. In cell culture, a number of unusual features of RV replication have been observed, including mitochondrial abnormalities, and disruption of the cytoskeleton; these manifestations are most probably linked and play some role in RV teratogenesis. Further understanding of the mechanism of RV teratogenesis will be brought about by the investigation of RV replication and virus-host interactions. FAU - Lee, J Y AU - Lee JY AD - Research and Molecular Development Division, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, North Melbourne, Victoria 3051, Australia. jia-yee.lee@mh.org.au FAU - Bowden, D S AU - Bowden DS LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review TA - Clin Microbiol Rev JT - Clinical microbiology reviews JID - 8807282 RN - 0 (Viral Proteins) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Apoptosis MH - Cell Division MH - Embryonic and Fetal Development MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Pregnancy MH - Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/*virology MH - Rubella/virology MH - Rubella Syndrome, Congenital/pathology/physiopathology/*virology MH - Rubella virus/*pathogenicity/*physiology MH - Viral Proteins/metabolism MH - Virus Replication PMC - PMC88950 EDAT- 2000/10/12 11:00 MHDA- 2001/02/28 10:01 CRDT- 2000/10/12 11:00 PHST- 2000/10/12 11:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2001/02/28 10:01 [medline] PHST- 2000/10/12 11:00 [entrez] AID - 0033 [pii] AID - 10.1128/CMR.13.4.571 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Clin Microbiol Rev. 2000 Oct;13(4):571-87. doi: 10.1128/CMR.13.4.571. PMID- 34161181 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20211025 LR - 20211025 IS - 2164-554X (Electronic) IS - 2164-5515 (Print) IS - 2164-5515 (Linking) VI - 17 IP - 10 DP - 2021 Oct 3 TI - Burden of Rubella virus infection among females attending tertiary care hospitals of Odisha, India: a need for adult women vaccination. PG - 3757-3760 LID - 10.1080/21645515.2021.1935168 [doi] AB - Rubella is a contagious disease caused by rubella virus leading to adverse outcomes among pregnant women including abortions, low birth weight, stillbirths and congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) in the baby. If not pregnant, the clinical manifestations are mild and self-limiting. In this hospital based cross-sectional study, 1985 blood samples were collected from females attending outpatient services of various hospitals to serologically detect Rubella infection. Rubella antibodies namely Immunoglobulin M (IgM)/Immunoglobulin G (IgG) were detected through enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or by identifying virus through polymerase chain reaction (PCR). From the total enrolled participants, 1951 samples were tested with age ranging from 16 to 38 years. Among the positive samples, about 60% patients had IgG antibodies as compared to less than 1% IgM and 0.40% by PCR. Out of 1951 samples, 7/849 (0.82%) and 651/1070 (60.8%) had IgM & IgG rubella antibodies respectively. The odds of having abortion was [OR-13.14 (4.94-34.97)] among anti-rubella positive and primi-gravida [OR-43.6 (5.9-322)] women. Therefore, vaccination of women against rubella before planning of pregnancy or at adolescence seems to be the need of hour to avoid the ill consequences during pregnancy as well as for the new born baby. FAU - Sahoo, Prakash Kumar AU - Sahoo PK AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3315-4893 AD - Division of Virology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, India. FAU - Sabat, Jyotsnamayee AU - Sabat J AD - Division of Virology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, India. FAU - Shubhadra, Subhra AU - Shubhadra S AD - Division of Virology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, India. FAU - Dwibedi, Bhagirathi AU - Dwibedi B AD - Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India. FAU - Sinha, Abhinav AU - Sinha A AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7702-3671 AD - Division of Virology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, India. FAU - Pati, Sanghamitra AU - Pati S AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7717-5592 AD - Division of Virology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, India. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20210623 TA - Hum Vaccin Immunother JT - Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics JID - 101572652 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin M) SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Antibodies, Viral MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Immunoglobulin M MH - Pregnancy MH - *Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/epidemiology/prevention & control MH - *Rubella/epidemiology/prevention & control MH - Rubella virus MH - Tertiary Care Centers MH - Vaccination MH - Young Adult PMC - PMC8437478 OTO - NOTNLM OT - *Epidemiology OT - *India OT - *pregnancy OT - *rubella virus OT - *sero-surveillance OT - *vaccination EDAT- 2021/06/24 06:00 MHDA- 2021/10/26 06:00 PMCR- 2022/06/23 CRDT- 2021/06/23 17:14 PHST- 2022/06/23 00:00 [pmc-release] PHST- 2021/06/24 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/10/26 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2021/06/23 17:14 [entrez] AID - 1935168 [pii] AID - 10.1080/21645515.2021.1935168 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2021 Oct 3;17(10):3757-3760. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1935168. Epub 2021 Jun 23. PMID- 24040673 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20130920 LR - 20161201 IS - 0049-8114 (Print) IS - 0049-8114 (Linking) VI - 88 IP - 32 DP - 2013 Aug 9 TI - Rubella virus nomenclature update: 2013. PG - 337-43 LA - eng LA - fre PT - Journal Article PL - Switzerland TA - Wkly Epidemiol Rec JT - Releve epidemiologique hebdomadaire JID - 0240017 SB - IM MH - Base Sequence MH - Databases, Genetic MH - Genotype MH - Humans MH - Molecular Epidemiology MH - Phylogeny MH - Rubella/epidemiology/virology MH - *Rubella virus/genetics MH - *Terminology as Topic EDAT- 2013/09/18 06:00 MHDA- 2013/09/21 06:00 CRDT- 2013/09/18 06:00 PHST- 2013/09/18 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2013/09/18 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2013/09/21 06:00 [medline] PST - ppublish SO - Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 2013 Aug 9;88(32):337-43. PMID- 18547534 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20080825 LR - 20080728 IS - 0002-9394 (Print) IS - 0002-9394 (Linking) VI - 146 IP - 2 DP - 2008 Aug TI - Rubella virus-associated uveitis: clinical manifestations and visual prognosis. PG - 292-7 LID - 10.1016/j.ajo.2008.04.011 [doi] AB - PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical profile of patients with chronic anterior uveitis and intraocular analyses positive for intraocular Rubella virus infection and assess eventual similarities to Fuchs heterochromic uveitis (FHU). DESIGN: Retrospective case-control study. METHODS: Clinical records of 30 patients with anterior uveitis positive for intraocular antibody production against Rubella virus by Goldmann-Witmer coefficient determination and/or polymerase chain reaction were reviewed and compared with clinical records of 13 patients with chronic anterior uveitis of undetermined origin. Multiple variables were assessed and patient records were evaluated at onset and at one year after their first visit to the University Medical Center Utrecht. RESULTS: Patients with Rubella virus-associated uveitis were younger at time of initial ophthalmologic presentation (P = .014). Rubella virus-positive patients presented more frequently with unilateral ocular disease (P < .001), keratic precipitates (KPs; P = .014), iris atrophy and/or heterochromia (P = .051), associated vitreous opacities (P = .024), and cataract (P = .004). Also, the combination of KPs, absence of posterior synechiae, cataract, and vitreous opacities occurred more often in the Rubella virus-positive group (P = .026) and the presence of three or four of these criteria occurred more frequently in the Rubella virus-positive group (P = .004). CONCLUSIONS: Rubella virus causes a distinct clinical spectrum of ocular symptoms similar to the FHU syndrome, which suggests that Rubella virus might be involved in the pathogenesis of FHU. FAU - de Visser, Lenneke AU - de Visser L AD - Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. l.devisser-6@umcutrecht.nl FAU - Braakenburg, Arthur AU - Braakenburg A FAU - Rothova, Aniki AU - Rothova A FAU - de Boer, Joke H AU - de Boer JH LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20080610 PL - United States TA - Am J Ophthalmol JT - American journal of ophthalmology JID - 0370500 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Antibodies, Viral/blood MH - Case-Control Studies MH - Chronic Disease MH - Eye Infections, Viral/*diagnosis/immunology/virology MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Iridocyclitis/diagnosis/virology MH - Male MH - Polymerase Chain Reaction MH - Prognosis MH - Retrospective Studies MH - Rubella/*diagnosis/immunology/virology MH - Rubella virus/immunology/*isolation & purification MH - Uveitis, Anterior/*diagnosis/immunology/virology MH - Visual Acuity/*physiology EDAT- 2008/06/13 09:00 MHDA- 2008/08/30 09:00 CRDT- 2008/06/13 09:00 PHST- 2007/10/30 00:00 [received] PHST- 2008/04/07 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2008/04/08 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2008/06/13 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2008/08/30 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2008/06/13 09:00 [entrez] AID - S0002-9394(08)00295-X [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.ajo.2008.04.011 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Am J Ophthalmol. 2008 Aug;146(2):292-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2008.04.011. Epub 2008 Jun 10. PMID- 34773614 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20211203 LR - 20211214 IS - 1940-6029 (Electronic) IS - 1064-3745 (Linking) VI - 2392 DP - 2022 TI - Detection of Rubella Virus by Tri-Primer RT-PCR Assay and Genotyping by Fragment RT-PCR. PG - 53-64 LID - 10.1007/978-1-0716-1799-1_4 [doi] AB - Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a widely used technique in the diagnosis of viral infections due to its low cost, high sensitivity, and specificity. Although the more advanced variations of PCR, such as real-time PCR and digital PCR are now available to researchers, conventional PCR is still used in many research studies. Here we describe the protocol for tri-primer diagnostic reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for detection of rubella in throat swabs and further detailed protocol for a two fragment genotyping using two different sets of primers. In tri-primer diagnostic PCR, one forward and two reverse primers are used to detect clade I and clade II of the rubella virus. In the two fragments genotyping, each fragment of the genome is amplified, sequenced separately, and then the overlapping regions are aligned and full length sequence window is obtained. CI - © 2022. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. FAU - George, Suji AU - George S AD - Diagnostic Virology Group, National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India. geosuj@gmail.com. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PL - United States TA - Methods Mol Biol JT - Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) JID - 9214969 RN - 0 (RNA, Viral) SB - IM MH - Genotype MH - RNA, Viral/genetics MH - *Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction MH - *Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction MH - *Rubella virus/genetics OTO - NOTNLM OT - *Congenital rubella syndrome OT - *Genotyping OT - *RT-PCR OT - *Rubella virus OT - *Surveillance EDAT- 2021/11/14 06:00 MHDA- 2021/12/15 06:00 CRDT- 2021/11/13 12:11 PHST- 2021/11/13 12:11 [entrez] PHST- 2021/11/14 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/12/15 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.1007/978-1-0716-1799-1_4 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Methods Mol Biol. 2022;2392:53-64. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1799-1_4. PMID- 27896559 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20191120 IS - 0920-9069 (Print) IS - 1573-0778 (Electronic) IS - 0920-9069 (Linking) VI - 69 IP - 1 DP - 2017 Feb TI - Antiviral activity of hemolymph of Podalia against rubella virus. PG - 31-37 LID - 10.1007/s10616-016-0035-6 [doi] AB - Many active principles produced by animals, plants and microorganisms have been employed in the development of new drugs for the treatment of human diseases. Among animals known to produce pharmacologically active molecules that interfere in human cell physiology. Rubella virus (genus Rubivirus, family Togaviridae) is a single stranded RNA virus of positive genome polarity. Rubella virus infection of susceptible women during the first trimester of pregnancy often results in long-term virus persistence in the fetus causing multiple organ abnormalities. Potent antiviral activity against rubella virus (RV) has been observed in the hemolymph of Podalia sp. (Lepidoptera: Megalopygidae). This study evaluated the effect of hemolymph on RV infected Statens Serum Institute Rabbit Cornea (SIRC) cells. Results of cell viability and cell proliferation assays indicated that hemolymph was not toxic to cultured SIRC cells. Viral binding assay, antiviral assay, PCR, real-time PCR, and transmission electron microscopy were used to demonstrate that hemolymph in post-treatment could inhibit the production of infectious RV particles. Specifically, hemolymph was found to inhibit RV adsorption to the SIRC cells. FAU - Carvalho, N D AU - Carvalho ND AD - Laboratório de Parasitologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil. FAU - Mendonça, R Z AU - Mendonça RZ AD - Laboratório de Parasitologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil. FAU - Oliveira, M I AU - Oliveira MI AD - Núcleo de Doenças Respiratórias, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 355, São Paulo, CEP 01246-902, Brazil. FAU - Curti, S P AU - Curti SP AD - Núcleo de Doenças Respiratórias, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 355, São Paulo, CEP 01246-902, Brazil. FAU - Barbosa, T F AU - Barbosa TF AD - Núcleo de Doenças Respiratórias, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 355, São Paulo, CEP 01246-902, Brazil. FAU - Silva, P E AU - Silva PE AD - Núcleo de Doenças Respiratórias, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 355, São Paulo, CEP 01246-902, Brazil. FAU - Taniwaki, N N AU - Taniwaki NN AD - Núcleo de Microcopia Eletrônica, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, Brazil. FAU - Tonelotto, M AU - Tonelotto M AD - Laboratório de Parasitologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil. FAU - Giovanni, D N S AU - Giovanni DN AD - Laboratório de Parasitologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil. FAU - Moraes, R H P AU - Moraes RH AD - Laboratório Especial de Coleções Zoológicas, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil. FAU - Figueiredo, C A AU - Figueiredo CA AD - Núcleo de Doenças Respiratórias, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 355, São Paulo, CEP 01246-902, Brazil. figueiredocris@uol.com.br. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20161128 TA - Cytotechnology JT - Cytotechnology JID - 8807027 PMC - PMC5264621 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Antiviral OT - Congenital Rubella Syndrome OT - Hemolymph OT - Rubella virus EDAT- 2016/11/30 06:00 MHDA- 2016/11/30 06:01 CRDT- 2016/11/30 06:00 PHST- 2016/02/16 00:00 [received] PHST- 2016/10/26 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2016/11/30 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2016/11/30 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2016/11/30 06:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1007/s10616-016-0035-6 [pii] AID - 35 [pii] AID - 10.1007/s10616-016-0035-6 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Cytotechnology. 2017 Feb;69(1):31-37. doi: 10.1007/s10616-016-0035-6. Epub 2016 Nov 28. PMID- 26567831 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20170322 LR - 20170322 IS - 1884-2836 (Electronic) IS - 1344-6304 (Linking) VI - 69 IP - 5 DP - 2016 Sep 21 TI - Shedding of Rubella Virus among Infants with Congenital Rubella Syndrome Born in Tokyo, Japan, 2013-2014. PG - 418-23 LID - 10.7883/yoken.JJID.2015.316 [doi] AB - Rubella is usually a mild illness, with febrile rash being its main symptom. However, serious consequences of rubella infection can result when the infection occurs during the early stages of pregnancy. After the occurrence of a rubella outbreak in Japan that was observed from 2012 to 2013, 45 infants were reportedly born with congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). We prospectively followed the 15 CRS cases reported in Tokyo to determine the virus shedding periods by using nested reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction to detect rubella virus genes. Throast swabs were used for virus detection. The virus shedding period was measured from birth until the time when the sample last tested positive followed by 2 consecutive negative samples. Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the proportion of cases remaining positive for rubella virus genes over time. The proportion of CRS cases shedding virus dropped steadily after birth, dropping to 33.8% at 6 months and 16.9% at 12 months. Our findings also suggested that the earlier the mother's onset of rubella during pregnancy, the longer the infant remained positive. Based on our findings, we believe that infants with CRS should be monitored for rubella virus shedding until 1 year of age. FAU - Sugishita, Yoshiyuki AU - Sugishita Y AD - Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health. FAU - Akiba, Tetsuya AU - Akiba T FAU - Sumitomo, Masami AU - Sumitomo M FAU - Hayata, Noriko AU - Hayata N FAU - Hasegawa, Michiya AU - Hasegawa M FAU - Tsunoda, Tokuko AU - Tsunoda T FAU - Okazaki, Terue AU - Okazaki T FAU - Murauchi, Konomi AU - Murauchi K FAU - Hayashi, Yukinao AU - Hayashi Y FAU - Kai, Akemi AU - Kai A FAU - Seki, Naomi AU - Seki N FAU - Kayebeta, Aya AU - Kayebeta A FAU - Iwashita, Yuuko AU - Iwashita Y FAU - Kurita, Masayuki AU - Kurita M FAU - Tahara, Narumi AU - Tahara N LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20151113 PL - Japan TA - Jpn J Infect Dis JT - Japanese journal of infectious diseases JID - 100893704 SB - IM MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Infant MH - Infant, Newborn MH - Male MH - Pharynx/virology MH - Polymerase Chain Reaction MH - Pregnancy MH - Prospective Studies MH - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction MH - Rubella Syndrome, Congenital/*virology MH - Rubella virus/genetics/*isolation & purification MH - Time Factors MH - Tokyo MH - *Virus Shedding EDAT- 2015/11/17 06:00 MHDA- 2017/03/23 06:00 CRDT- 2015/11/17 06:00 PHST- 2015/11/17 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2015/11/17 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2017/03/23 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.7883/yoken.JJID.2015.316 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Jpn J Infect Dis. 2016 Sep 21;69(5):418-23. doi: 10.7883/yoken.JJID.2015.316. Epub 2015 Nov 13. PMID- 33494454 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20210301 LR - 20210316 IS - 1999-4915 (Electronic) IS - 1999-4915 (Linking) VI - 13 IP - 2 DP - 2021 Jan 21 TI - The Capsid Protein of Rubella Virus Antagonizes RNA Interference in Mammalian Cells. LID - 10.3390/v13020154 [doi] LID - 154 AB - Rubella virus (RuV) is the infectious agent of a series of birth defect diseases termed congenital rubella syndrome, which is a major public health concern all around the world. RNA interference (RNAi) is a crucial antiviral defense mechanism in eukaryotes, and numerous viruses have been found to encode viral suppressors of RNAi (VSRs) to evade antiviral RNAi response. However, there is little knowledge about whether and how RuV antagonizes RNAi. In this study, we identified that the RuV capsid protein is a potent VSR that can efficiently suppress shRNA- and siRNA-induced RNAi in mammalian cells. Moreover, the VSR activity of the RuV capsid is dependent on its dimerization and double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-binding activity. In addition, ectopic expression of the RuV capsid can effectively rescue the replication defect of a VSR-deficient virus or replicon, implying that the RuV capsid can act as a VSR in the context of viral infection. Together, our findings uncover that RuV encodes a VSR to evade antiviral RNAi response, which expands our understanding of RuV-host interaction and sheds light on the potential therapeutic target against RuV. FAU - Xu, Jiuyue AU - Xu J AD - State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China. AD - University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. FAU - Kong, Jing AU - Kong J AD - State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China. AD - University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. FAU - Lyu, Bao AU - Lyu B AD - State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China. AD - University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. FAU - Wang, Xiaotong AU - Wang X AD - State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China. AD - University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. FAU - Qian, Qi AU - Qian Q AD - State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China. FAU - Zhou, Xi AU - Zhou X AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3846-5079 AD - State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China. AD - University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. FAU - Qiu, Yang AU - Qiu Y AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5152-1242 AD - State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China. AD - University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20210121 TA - Viruses JT - Viruses JID - 101509722 RN - 0 (Capsid Proteins) RN - 0 (RNA, Double-Stranded) RN - 0 (RNA, Small Interfering) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Capsid MH - Capsid Proteins/genetics/*metabolism MH - Chlorocebus aethiops MH - HEK293 Cells MH - *Host-Pathogen Interactions MH - Humans MH - *RNA Interference MH - RNA, Double-Stranded MH - RNA, Small Interfering MH - Rubella virus/genetics/*pathogenicity MH - Vero Cells MH - Virion MH - Virus Replication PMC - PMC7910915 OTO - NOTNLM OT - *antiviral RNAi OT - *capsid OT - *rubella virus OT - *viral suppressors of RNAi COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. EDAT- 2021/01/27 06:00 MHDA- 2021/03/02 06:00 CRDT- 2021/01/26 01:03 PHST- 2020/12/23 00:00 [received] PHST- 2021/01/15 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2021/01/19 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2021/01/26 01:03 [entrez] PHST- 2021/01/27 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/03/02 06:00 [medline] AID - v13020154 [pii] AID - viruses-13-00154 [pii] AID - 10.3390/v13020154 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Viruses. 2021 Jan 21;13(2):154. doi: 10.3390/v13020154. PMID- 20585798 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20101110 LR - 20211020 IS - 1435-702X (Electronic) IS - 0721-832X (Linking) VI - 248 IP - 10 DP - 2010 Oct TI - Rubella virus as a possible etiological agent of Fuchs heterochromic iridocyclitis. PG - 1487-91 LID - 10.1007/s00417-010-1434-6 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: To determine whether rubella virus is involved in the pathogenesis of Fuchs heterochromic iridocyclitis (FHI). METHODS: Fourteen patients (14 eyes) diagnosed with FHI based on characteristic ocular manifestations and eight control subjects were studied. Aqueous humor (AH) samples from 14 FHI patients and one vitreous sample from a FHI patient were analyzed for intraocular antibody production against rubella virus by calculation of the Goldmann-Witmer coefficient (GWC). Viral detection by nested polymerase chain reaction and isolation by culture in RK-13 cells were conducted in nine FHI patients. In addition to laboratory examinations, medical history of rubella virus vaccination was also obtained. RESULTS: Ten patients with FHI examined showed intraocular synthesis of rubella virus antibodies (GWC > 3). A high index of rubella virus antibody production was also found in the vitreous sample (GWC = 30.6). GWC in all control subjects were below detectable level. The rubella genome was detected in two of nine patients, and rubella virus was isolated from one of nine patients with FHI. None of the patients with FHI had been vaccinated against rubella. CONCLUSIONS: Our laboratory data strongly suggest a relationship between FHI and rubella virus. FAU - Suzuki, Jun AU - Suzuki J AD - Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan. jun-s@qc4.so-net.ne.jp FAU - Goto, Hiroshi AU - Goto H FAU - Komase, Katsuhiro AU - Komase K FAU - Abo, Hitoshi AU - Abo H FAU - Fujii, Kaoru AU - Fujii K FAU - Otsuki, Noriyuki AU - Otsuki N FAU - Okamoto, Kiyoko AU - Okamoto K LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20100629 PL - Germany TA - Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol JT - Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie JID - 8205248 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (DNA, Viral) RN - 0 (rubella antibodies) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - Antibodies, Viral/blood MH - Aqueous Humor/*virology MH - DNA, Viral/analysis MH - Eye Infections, Viral/blood/diagnosis/*virology MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Iridocyclitis/blood/diagnosis/*virology MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction MH - Rubella/diagnosis/*virology MH - Rubella virus/immunology/*isolation & purification MH - Vitreous Body/*virology EDAT- 2010/06/30 06:00 MHDA- 2010/11/11 06:00 CRDT- 2010/06/30 06:00 PHST- 2010/02/02 00:00 [received] PHST- 2010/06/12 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2010/05/10 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2010/06/30 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2010/06/30 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2010/11/11 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.1007/s00417-010-1434-6 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2010 Oct;248(10):1487-91. doi: 10.1007/s00417-010-1434-6. Epub 2010 Jun 29. PMID- 28182341 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20171212 LR - 20181023 IS - 1433-6510 (Print) IS - 1433-6510 (Linking) VI - 63 IP - 2 DP - 2017 Feb 1 TI - External Quality Assessment for Rubella Virus RNA Detection Using Armored RNA in China. PG - 399-405 LID - 10.7754/Clin.Lab.2016.160635 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Although tremendous efforts have been made to reduce rubella incidence, there are still 300 new cases of congenital rubella syndrome daily; thus, rubella infections remain one of the leading causes of preventable congenital birth defects. An effective surveillance system, which could be achieved and maintained by using an external quality assessment program, is critical for prevention and control of this disease. METHODS: Armored RNAs, which are noninfectious and RNase-resistant, were used for encapsulation of the E1 gene of rubella virus and for preparation of a 10-specimen panel for external quality assessment. Thirty-two laboratories across mainland China that used nucleic acid tests for rubella virus RNA detection were included in the external quality assessment program organized by the National Center for Clinical Laboratories of China. RESULTS: Different kinds of commercial kits were used by the laboratories for nucleic acid extraction and TaqMan real-time reverse-transcription PCR for rubella virus RNA detection; 99.2% sensitivity and 100% specificity were achieved in this external quality assessment program. CONCLUSIONS: Most of the participating laboratories obtained accurate results for rubella nucleic acid tests, thereby achieving the quality required for regional rubella and congenital rubella syndrome elimination. FAU - Zhang, D AU - Zhang D FAU - Lin, G AU - Lin G FAU - Yi, L AU - Yi L FAU - Hao, M AU - Hao M FAU - Fan, G AU - Fan G FAU - Yang, X AU - Yang X FAU - Peng, R AU - Peng R FAU - Ding, J AU - Ding J FAU - Zhang, K AU - Zhang K FAU - Zhang, R AU - Zhang R FAU - Li, J AU - Li J LA - eng PT - Journal Article PL - Germany TA - Clin Lab JT - Clinical laboratory JID - 9705611 RN - 0 (RNA, Viral) RN - 0 (Reagent Kits, Diagnostic) SB - IM MH - China MH - Humans MH - Laboratory Proficiency Testing/*standards MH - Observer Variation MH - Predictive Value of Tests MH - Quality Indicators, Health Care/*standards MH - RNA, Viral/*genetics MH - Reagent Kits, Diagnostic/*standards MH - Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/*standards MH - Reproducibility of Results MH - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/*standards MH - Rubella/*diagnosis/virology MH - Rubella virus/*genetics EDAT- 2017/02/10 06:00 MHDA- 2017/12/13 06:00 CRDT- 2017/02/10 06:00 PHST- 2017/02/10 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2017/02/10 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2017/12/13 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.7754/Clin.Lab.2016.160635 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Clin Lab. 2017 Feb 1;63(2):399-405. doi: 10.7754/Clin.Lab.2016.160635. PMID- 30589932 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20200213 LR - 20200309 IS - 2168-6173 (Electronic) IS - 2168-6165 (Print) IS - 2168-6165 (Linking) VI - 137 IP - 4 DP - 2019 Apr 1 TI - Association of Ocular Inflammation and Rubella Virus Persistence. PG - 435-438 LID - 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2018.6185 [doi] AB - IMPORTANCE: Metagenomic deep sequencing (MDS) demonstrates that persistent and active rubella virus (RV) infection is associated with Fuchs heterochromic iridocyclitis (FHI). OBJECTIVE: To assess the utility of MDS in identifying RV infection in patients with uveitis. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This case series assessed 6 patients diagnosed by MDS with RV-associated uveitis at a tertiary uveitis referral center in the United States. EXPOSURES: Prior RV infection. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Clinical examination findings, slitlamp photography, corneal confocal imaging, and infectious pathogen genome obtained from RNA sequencing. RESULTS: Six white men (age range, 36-61 years) were diagnosed with RV-associated uveitis by MDS. Three patients exhibited iris heterochromia associated with their uveitis in classic FHI fashion. The other 3 patients had less classic FHI features and exhibited anterior vitritis. Three patients had in vivo corneal confocal microscopy, with 2 demonstrating stellate keratic precipitates in addition to endothelial infiltration, spotlike holes, and enlarged intercellular boundaries. Of these 3 patients, 1 patient exhibited polymorphism and polymegathism of the endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: These findings suggest that persistent RV infection is associated with recurrent or chronic anterior or anterior-intermediate uveitis as well as corneal endothelial cell damage. Ophthalmologists should consider RV infection as a potential cause of hypertensive anterior and intermediate uveitis. FAU - Gonzales, John A AU - Gonzales JA AD - Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco. AD - Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco. FAU - Hinterwirth, Armin AU - Hinterwirth A AD - Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco. FAU - Shantha, Jessica AU - Shantha J AD - Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia. FAU - Wang, Kaidi AU - Wang K AD - Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco. AD - Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco. FAU - Zhong, Lina AU - Zhong L AD - Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco. FAU - Cummings, Susie L AU - Cummings SL AD - Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco. FAU - Qian, Ying AU - Qian Y AD - Department of Ophthalmology, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, California. FAU - Wilson, Michael R AU - Wilson MR AD - Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco. AD - Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco. FAU - Acharya, Nisha R AU - Acharya NR AD - Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco. AD - Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco. FAU - Doan, Thuy AU - Doan T AD - Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco. AD - Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco. LA - eng GR - K08 EY026986/EY/NEI NIH HHS/United States GR - K12 HD085850/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't TA - JAMA Ophthalmol JT - JAMA ophthalmology JID - 101589539 SB - IM CIN - JAMA Ophthalmol. 2019 Apr 1;137(4):438-439. PMID: 30589924 MH - Adult MH - Eye Infections, Viral/*pathology/virology MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Rubella/*complications MH - Uveitis/*virology PMC - PMC6439711 COIS- Conflicts of Interest: Dr Shantha reports other financial support from Santen, Inc, and grants from Building Interdisciplinary Careers inWomen's Health of the National Institutes of Health outside the submitted work. Dr Acharya reports personal fees from AbbVie, Inc, and Santen, Inc, outside the submitted work. No other disclosures were reported. EDAT- 2018/12/28 06:00 MHDA- 2020/02/14 06:00 CRDT- 2018/12/28 06:00 PHST- 2018/12/28 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/02/14 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2018/12/28 06:00 [entrez] AID - 2718838 [pii] AID - ebr180026 [pii] AID - 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2018.6185 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - JAMA Ophthalmol. 2019 Apr 1;137(4):435-438. doi: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2018.6185. PMID- 27479298 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20170731 LR - 20181113 IS - 1096-9071 (Electronic) IS - 0146-6615 (Print) IS - 0146-6615 (Linking) VI - 88 IP - 10 DP - 2016 Oct TI - Genotypes of rubella virus and the epidemiology of rubella infections in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2004-2013. PG - 1677-84 LID - 10.1002/jmv.24517 [doi] AB - Rubella is a viral infection that may cause fetal death or congenital defects, known as congenital rubella syndrome (CRS), during early pregnancy. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that countries assess the burden of rubella and CRS, including the determination of genotypes of circulating viruses. The goal of this study was to identify the genotypes of rubella viruses in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Serum or throat swab samples were collected through the measles surveillance system. Sera that tested negative for measles IgM antibody were tested for rubella IgM antibody. Serum collected within 4 days of rash onset and throat swabs were screened by real-time RT-PCR for rubella virus RNA. For positive samples, an amplicon of the E1 glycoprotein gene was amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced. 11733 sera were tested for rubella IgM and 2816 (24%) were positive; 145 (5%) were tested for the presence of rubella RNA by real-time RT-PCR and 10 (7%) were positive. Seventeen throat swabs were analyzed by RT-PCR and three were positive. Sequences were obtained from eight of the positive samples. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the DRC rubella viruses belonged to genotypes 1B, 1E, 1G, and 2B. This report provides the first information on the genotypes of rubella virus circulating in the DRC. These data contribute to a better understanding of rubella burden and the dynamics of rubella virus circulation in Africa. Efforts to establish rubella surveillance in the DRC are needed to support rubella elimination in Africa. J. Med. Virol. 88:1677-1684, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. CI - © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. FAU - Pukuta, Elizabeth AU - Pukuta E AD - Institut National de Recherches Biomédicales, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. FAU - Waku-Kouomou, Diane AU - Waku-Kouomou D AD - Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia. FAU - Abernathy, Emily AU - Abernathy E AD - Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia. FAU - Illunga, Benoit Kebela AU - Illunga BK AD - Office of Disease Prevention, Ministry of Public Health, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. FAU - Obama, Ricardo AU - Obama R AD - Expanded Program on Immunization, World Health Organization, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. FAU - Mondonge, Vital AU - Mondonge V AD - World Health Organization, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. FAU - Dahl, Benjamin A AU - Dahl BA AD - Global Immunization Division, Center for Global Health, United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia. FAU - Maresha, Balcha G AU - Maresha BG AD - Immunization and Vaccines Development, World Health Organization African Regional Office, Brazzaville, Democratic Republic of the Congo. FAU - Icenogle, Joseph AU - Icenogle J AD - Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia. FAU - Muyembe, Jean-Jacques AU - Muyembe JJ AD - Institut National de Recherches Biomédicales, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. LA - eng GR - 001/World Health Organization/International GR - CC999999/Intramural CDC HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. DEP - 20160405 TA - J Med Virol JT - Journal of medical virology JID - 7705876 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin M) RN - 0 (RNA, Viral) RN - 0 (Viral Envelope Proteins) RN - 131016-01-8 (E1 envelope protein, Rubella virus) SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Antibodies, Viral/blood MH - Child MH - Child, Preschool MH - Cost of Illness MH - Democratic Republic of the Congo/epidemiology MH - Female MH - Genotype MH - Humans MH - Immunoglobulin M/blood MH - Infant MH - Infant, Newborn MH - Male MH - Measles/diagnosis/immunology/virology MH - Measles virus/immunology MH - Middle Aged MH - Pharynx/virology MH - Phylogeny MH - Pregnancy MH - RNA, Viral/genetics MH - Rubella/blood/*epidemiology/virology MH - Rubella Syndrome, Congenital/*epidemiology/virology MH - Rubella virus/classification/*genetics/immunology MH - Sequence Analysis, DNA MH - Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics MH - Young Adult PMC - PMC5712459 MID - NIHMS922160 OTO - NOTNLM OT - *Africa OT - *DRC OT - *genotyping OT - *rubella EDAT- 2016/08/02 06:00 MHDA- 2017/08/02 06:00 CRDT- 2016/08/02 06:00 PHST- 2016/03/04 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2016/08/02 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2016/08/02 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2017/08/02 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.1002/jmv.24517 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Med Virol. 2016 Oct;88(10):1677-84. doi: 10.1002/jmv.24517. Epub 2016 Apr 5. PMID- 33904899 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20211020 LR - 20211020 IS - 1537-6591 (Electronic) IS - 1058-4838 (Linking) VI - 73 IP - 7 DP - 2021 Oct 5 TI - Transmission Dynamics of the Rubella Virus Circulating in China During 2010-2019: 2 Lineage Switches Between Genotypes 1E and 2B. PG - 1157-1164 LID - 10.1093/cid/ciab339 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: To provide a better understanding of the progress on rubella control and elimination in China, a genetic analysis was conducted to examine the transmission pattern of the endemic rubella virus in China during 2010-2019. METHODS: A total of 4895 strains were obtained from 29 of the 31 provinces in mainland China during 2010-2019. The genotyping regions of the strains were amplified, determined, and assembled. Genotyping analysis and lineage division were performed by comparisons with the World Health Organization reference strains and reported lineage reference strains, respectively. Further phylogenetic analyses were performed to compare the genetic relationship. RESULTS: During 2010-2019, the domestic lineage 1E-L1 and multiple imported lineages of rubella viruses including 2B-L1, 1E-L2, and 2B-L2c were identified. Further analysis of the circulation trend of the different lineages indicated that 2 switches occurred among the lineages. The first shift was from lineage 1E-L1 to 2B-L1, which occurred around 2015-2016, followed by the lowest rubella incidence in 2017. The second shift was from lineage 2B-L1 to 1E-L2 and 2B-L2c, which occurred around 2018-2019, coinciding with rubella resurgence and the subsequent nationwide epidemic during 2018-2019. Insufficient genomic information worldwide made it impossible to trace the origin of the imported viruses. CONCLUSIONS: China was moving toward rubella elimination, as evidenced by the fact that previous endemic lineages were not detected. However, rubella reemerged in 2018 2019 due to the newly imported rubella viruses. Therefore, to realize the rubella elimination goal, joint efforts are required for all countries worldwide. CI - © The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com. FAU - Zhu, Zhen AU - Zhu Z AD - WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (NHC) Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing,China. FAU - Cui, Aili AU - Cui A AD - WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (NHC) Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing,China. FAU - Zhang, Yan AU - Zhang Y AD - WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (NHC) Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing,China. FAU - Mao, Naiying AU - Mao N AD - WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (NHC) Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing,China. FAU - Liu, Ying AU - Liu Y AD - WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (NHC) Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing,China. FAU - Liu, Li AU - Liu L AD - Provincial Measles/Rubella Laboratory, Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu,China. FAU - Deng, Lili AU - Deng L AD - Provincial Measles/Rubella Laboratory, Guangxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning,China. FAU - Chen, Ying AU - Chen Y AD - Provincial Measles/Rubella Laboratory, Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou,China. FAU - Zhao, Hua AU - Zhao H AD - Provincial Measles/Rubella Laboratory, Chongqing Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing,China. FAU - Gong, Tian AU - Gong T AD - Provincial Measles/Rubella Laboratory, Jiangxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang,China. FAU - Zhou, Shujie AU - Zhou S AD - Provincial Measles/Rubella Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei,China. FAU - Li, Fangcai AU - Li F AD - Provincial Measles/Rubella Laboratory, Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha,China. FAU - Lei, Yue AU - Lei Y AD - Provincial Measles/Rubella Laboratory, Tianjin Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin,China. FAU - Yang, Yuying AU - Yang Y AD - Provincial Measles/Rubella Laboratory, Shanghai Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai,China. FAU - Wang, Yan AU - Wang Y AD - Provincial Measles/Rubella Laboratory, Liaoning Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenyang,China. FAU - Sun, Zhaodan AU - Sun Z AD - Provincial Measles/Rubella Laboratory, Heilongjiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Haerbin,China. FAU - Feng, Daxing AU - Feng D AD - Provincial Measles/Rubella Laboratory, Henan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou,China. FAU - Peng, Xiaofang AU - Peng X AD - Provincial Measles/Rubella Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou,China. FAU - Yuan, Fang AU - Yuan F AD - Provincial Measles/Rubella Laboratory, Ningxia Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yinchuan,China. FAU - Du, Hui AU - Du H AD - Provincial Measles/Rubella Laboratory, Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang,China. FAU - Feng, Yan AU - Feng Y AD - Provincial Measles/Rubella Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou,China. FAU - Wang, Changyin AU - Wang C AD - Provincial Measles/Rubella Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan,China. FAU - Guo, Jun AU - Guo J AD - Provincial Measles/Rubella Laboratory, Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang,China. FAU - Huang, Fang AU - Huang F AD - Provincial Measles/Rubella Laboratory, Beijing Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing,China. FAU - Gao, Hui AU - Gao H AD - Provincial Measles/Rubella Laboratory, Shanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan,China. FAU - Ma, Yu AU - Ma Y AD - Provincial Measles/Rubella Laboratory, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xian,China. FAU - Chen, Haiyun AU - Chen H AD - Provincial Measles/Rubella Laboratory, Hainan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Haikou,China. FAU - Deng, Xiuying AU - Deng X AD - Provincial Measles/Rubella Laboratory, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing,China. FAU - Zhang, Ting AU - Zhang T AD - Provincial Measles/Rubella Laboratory, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan,China. FAU - Li, Liqun AU - Li L AD - Provincial Measles/Rubella Laboratory, Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming,China. FAU - Wang, Shuang AU - Wang S AD - Provincial Measles/Rubella Laboratory, Jilin Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changchun,China. FAU - Yang, Xiuhui AU - Yang X AD - Provincial Measles/Rubella Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou,China. FAU - Tian, Xiaoling AU - Tian X AD - Provincial Measles/Rubella Laboratory, Neimeng Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huhehaote,China. FAU - Fan, Lixia AU - Fan L AD - Provincial Measles/Rubella Laboratory, Qinghai Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xining,China. FAU - Niu, Dandan AU - Niu D AD - WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (NHC) Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing,China. FAU - Xu, Wenbo AU - Xu W AD - WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (NHC) Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing,China. LA - eng GR - 2018ZX10713002/Key Technologies Research and Development Program/ GR - 2017YFC1200303/National Key Research and Development Program/ PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - United States TA - Clin Infect Dis JT - Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America JID - 9203213 SB - IM MH - China/epidemiology MH - Genotype MH - Humans MH - Phylogeny MH - *Rubella/epidemiology MH - *Rubella virus/genetics OTO - NOTNLM OT - *lineage switch OT - *rubella virus OT - *transmission dynamic EDAT- 2021/04/28 06:00 MHDA- 2021/10/21 06:00 CRDT- 2021/04/27 12:16 PHST- 2021/02/04 00:00 [received] PHST- 2021/04/28 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/10/21 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2021/04/27 12:16 [entrez] AID - 6255624 [pii] AID - 10.1093/cid/ciab339 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Clin Infect Dis. 2021 Oct 5;73(7):1157-1164. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciab339. PMID- 34037685 OWN - NLM STAT- In-Data-Review LR - 20210722 IS - 2168-6084 (Electronic) IS - 2168-6068 (Print) IS - 2168-6068 (Linking) VI - 157 IP - 7 DP - 2021 Jul 1 TI - Granulomatous Dermatitis Associated With Rubella Virus Infection in an Adult With Immunodeficiency. PG - 842-847 LID - 10.1001/jamadermatol.2021.1577 [doi] AB - IMPORTANCE: Immunodeficiency-related, vaccine-derived rubella virus (RuV) as an antigenic trigger of cutaneous and visceral granulomas is a rare, recently described phenomenon in children and young adults treated with immunosuppressant agents. OBJECTIVE: To perform a comprehensive clinical, histologic, immunologic, molecular, and genomic evaluation to elucidate the potential cause of an adult patient's atypical cutaneous granulomas. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A prospective evaluation of skin biopsies, nasopharyngeal swabs, and serum samples submitted to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention was conducted to assess for RuV using real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and viral genomic sequencing. The samples were obtained from a man in his 70s with extensive cutaneous granulomas mimicking both cutaneous sarcoidosis (clinically) and CD8+ granulomatous cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (histopathologically). The study was conducted from September 2019 to February 2021. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Identification and genotyping of a novel immunodeficiency-related RuV-associated granulomatous dermatitis. RESULTS: Immunohistochemistry for RuV capsid protein and RT-PCR testing for RuV RNA revealed RuV in 4 discrete skin biopsies from different body sites. In addition, RuV RNA was detected in the patient's nasopharyngeal swabs by RT-PCR. The full viral genome was sequenced from the patient's skin biopsy (RVs/Philadelphia.PA.USA/46.19/GR, GenBank Accession #MT249313). The patient was ultimately diagnosed with a novel RuV-associated granulomatous dermatitis. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The findings of this study suggest that clinicians and pathologists may consider RuV-associated granulomatous dermatitis during evaluation of a patient because it might have implications for the diagnosis of cutaneous sarcoidosis, with RuV serving as a potential antigenic trigger, and for the diagnosis of granulomatous cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, with histopathologic features that may prompt an evaluation for immunodeficiency and/or RuV. FAU - Shields, Bridget E AU - Shields BE AD - Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison. AD - Assistant Section Editor, JAMA Dermatology. FAU - Perelygina, Ludmila AU - Perelygina L AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Viral Diseases, Atlanta, Georgia. FAU - Samimi, Sara AU - Samimi S AD - Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia. FAU - Haun, Paul AU - Haun P AD - Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia. FAU - Leung, Thomas AU - Leung T AD - Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia. FAU - Abernathy, Emily AU - Abernathy E AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Viral Diseases, Atlanta, Georgia. FAU - Chen, Min-Hsin AU - Chen MH AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Viral Diseases, Atlanta, Georgia. FAU - Hao, LiJuan AU - Hao L AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Viral Diseases, Atlanta, Georgia. FAU - Icenogle, Joseph AU - Icenogle J AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Viral Diseases, Atlanta, Georgia. FAU - Drolet, Beth AU - Drolet B AD - Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison. FAU - Wilson, Barbara AU - Wilson B AD - Department of Dermatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee. FAU - Bryer, Joshua S AU - Bryer JS AD - Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia. FAU - England, Ross AU - England R AD - Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia. FAU - Blumberg, Emily AU - Blumberg E AD - Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia. FAU - Wanat, Karolyn A AU - Wanat KA AD - Department of Dermatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee. AD - Section Editor, JAMA Dermatology. FAU - Sullivan, Kathleen AU - Sullivan K AD - Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. AD - Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia. FAU - Rosenbach, Misha AU - Rosenbach M AD - Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia. LA - eng PT - Journal Article TA - JAMA Dermatol JT - JAMA dermatology JID - 101589530 SB - IM PMC - PMC8156178 COIS- Conflict of Interest Disclosures: Dr Haun reported receiving royalties from Karger Inc and serving as a paid member of the advisory board for Kyowa Kirin. Dr Rosenbach reported receiving personal fees from Merck Consulting: Drug Reactions, grants from Processa Research; consulting fees from necrobiosis lipoidica trial planning, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, and Eli Lilly outside the submitted work. No other disclosures were reported. EDAT- 2021/05/27 06:00 MHDA- 2021/05/27 06:00 PMCR- 2022/05/26 CRDT- 2021/05/26 12:31 PHST- 2022/05/26 00:00 [pmc-release] PHST- 2021/05/27 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/05/27 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2021/05/26 12:31 [entrez] AID - 2780052 [pii] AID - dbr210009 [pii] AID - 10.1001/jamadermatol.2021.1577 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - JAMA Dermatol. 2021 Jul 1;157(7):842-847. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2021.1577. PMID- 34577850 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20210929 LR - 20211001 IS - 1648-9144 (Electronic) IS - 1010-660X (Print) IS - 1010-660X (Linking) VI - 57 IP - 9 DP - 2021 Sep 2 TI - Simultaneous Seroprevalence to Toxoplasma gondii, Cytomegalovirus and Rubella Virus in Childbearing Women from Western Romania. LID - 10.3390/medicina57090927 [doi] LID - 927 AB - Background and Objectives: Toxoplasma gondii, cytomegalovirus (CMV) and rubella virus, besides other agents, belong to a group named the TORCH complex. Research on the epidemiology of these agents in women is of particular interest, as primary infection during pregnancy could cause severe damage to the fetus. Women who had contracted infection before pregnancy develop IgG antibodies, so the fetus is protected in case of contact with the same agent. Our scope was to identify the childbearing women simultaneously protected or susceptible to a primary infection to two or three agents mentioned above. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on 6961 fertile Caucasian women from Western Romania, to analyze the simultaneous seroprevalence to two or three of the pathogens from the TORCH complex: Toxoplasma gondii, CMV, and rubella virus. Sampling was conducted at two time points: 2008-2010 (group 1; 1461 participants) and 2015-2018 (group 2; 5500 participants). Results: The percentage of women simultaneously seropositive to IgG-anti-Toxoplasma gondii/IgG-anti-CMV, IgG-anti-Toxoplasma gondii/IgG-anti-rubella, IgG-anti-CMV/IgG-anti-rubella or IgG-anti-Toxoplasma gondii and IgG-anti-CMV/IgG-anti-rubella antibodies decreased between the two groups (2008-2010 vs. 2015-2018): 41.4% vs. 36.1%, OR = 0.79, p = 0.0002; 41.8% vs. 35.7%, OR = 0.77, p < 0.0001; 88.9% vs. 83.6%, OR = 0.63, p < 0.0001; 39.6% vs. 33.2%, OR = 0.75, p < 0.0001. When comparing women from urban and rural areas, the simultaneous seroprevalence was higher in rural areas. In women tested 2008-2010 (group 1) the simultaneous seroprevalence (urban vs. rural) was: 38.4% vs. 49.1%, OR = 1.54, p = 0.0002; 38.4% vs. 50.6%, OR = 1.64, p < 0.0001; 88.8% vs. 89.2%, OR = 1.04, NS; 36.4% vs. 47.7%, OR = 1.58, p = 0.0001. A similar trend was found in women tested in group 2. Conclusions: The rate of simultaneous seropositivity to Toxoplasma gondii, CMV and rubella virus among Romanian women of reproductive age decreased significantly between 2008-2010 and 2015-2018 and the susceptibility to infections increased. It is necessary to apply increased prevention measures among susceptible pregnant women. FAU - Mocanu, Adelina Geanina AU - Mocanu AG AD - Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology and Neonatology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania. FAU - Gorun, Florin AU - Gorun F AD - Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology and Neonatology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania. FAU - Ciohat, Ioana AU - Ciohat I AD - Laboratory of Antenatal Medicine, Emergency Clinical City Hospital, 300041 Timisoara, Romania. FAU - Navolan, Dan AU - Navolan D AD - Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology and Neonatology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania. FAU - Malita, Daniel AU - Malita D AD - Department of Radiology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania. FAU - Vilibic-Cavlek, Tatjana AU - Vilibic-Cavlek T AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1877-5547 AD - Department of Virology, Croatian Institute of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia. FAU - Dahma, George AU - Dahma G AD - Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology and Neonatology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania. FAU - Neamtu, Radu AU - Neamtu R AD - Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology and Neonatology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania. FAU - Popescu, Daniela AU - Popescu D AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4986-8025 AD - Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology and Neonatology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania. FAU - Cioca, Andreea AU - Cioca A AD - Department of Pathology, Premiere Hospital, 300643 Timisoara, Romania. FAU - Craina, Marius AU - Craina M AD - Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology and Neonatology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20210902 TA - Medicina (Kaunas) JT - Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) JID - 9425208 RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin M) SB - IM MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - Cytomegalovirus MH - *Cytomegalovirus Infections/epidemiology MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Immunoglobulin M MH - Pregnancy MH - *Pregnancy Complications, Infectious MH - Romania/epidemiology MH - Rubella virus MH - Seroepidemiologic Studies MH - *Toxoplasma MH - *Toxoplasmosis/epidemiology PMC - PMC8469601 OTO - NOTNLM OT - TORCH complex OT - Toxoplasma gondii OT - congenital infection OT - cytomegalovirus OT - demography OT - rubella virus OT - seroprevalence OT - susceptibility COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. EDAT- 2021/09/29 06:00 MHDA- 2021/09/30 06:00 CRDT- 2021/09/28 01:24 PHST- 2021/07/31 00:00 [received] PHST- 2021/08/26 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2021/08/30 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2021/09/28 01:24 [entrez] PHST- 2021/09/29 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/09/30 06:00 [medline] AID - medicina57090927 [pii] AID - medicina-57-00927 [pii] AID - 10.3390/medicina57090927 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Medicina (Kaunas). 2021 Sep 2;57(9):927. doi: 10.3390/medicina57090927. PMID- 33199919 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20210120 IS - 1476-4687 (Electronic) IS - 0028-0836 (Linking) VI - 588 IP - 7836 DP - 2020 Dec TI - Author Correction: Relatives of rubella virus in diverse mammals. PG - E2 LID - 10.1038/s41586-020-2897-1 [doi] AB - An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper. FAU - Bennett, Andrew J AU - Bennett AJ AD - Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA. FAU - Paskey, Adrian C AU - Paskey AC AD - Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA. AD - Leidos, Reston, VA, USA. AD - Genomics and Bioinformatics Department, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center-Frederick, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA. FAU - Ebinger, Arnt AU - Ebinger A AD - Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany. FAU - Pfaff, Florian AU - Pfaff F AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0178-6183 AD - Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany. FAU - Priemer, Grit AU - Priemer G AD - State Office for Agriculture, Food Safety and Fisheries, Rostock, Germany. FAU - Höper, Dirk AU - Höper D AD - Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany. FAU - Breithaupt, Angele AU - Breithaupt A AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6373-5923 AD - Department of Experimental Animal Facilities and Biorisk Management, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany. FAU - Heuser, Elisa AU - Heuser E AD - Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany. AD - German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Insel Riems, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany. FAU - Ulrich, Rainer G AU - Ulrich RG AD - Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany. AD - German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Insel Riems, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany. FAU - Kuhn, Jens H AU - Kuhn JH AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7800-6045 AD - Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA. FAU - Bishop-Lilly, Kimberly A AU - Bishop-Lilly KA AD - Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA. AD - Genomics and Bioinformatics Department, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center-Frederick, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA. FAU - Beer, Martin AU - Beer M AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0598-5254 AD - Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany. martin.beer@fli.de. FAU - Goldberg, Tony L AU - Goldberg TL AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3962-4913 AD - Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA. tony.goldberg@wisc.edu. AD - Global Health Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA. tony.goldberg@wisc.edu. LA - eng PT - Published Erratum PL - England TA - Nature JT - Nature JID - 0410462 SB - IM EFR - Nature. 2020 Oct;586(7829):424-428. PMID: 33029010 EDAT- 2020/11/18 06:00 MHDA- 2020/11/18 06:01 CRDT- 2020/11/17 06:21 PHST- 2020/11/18 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/11/18 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2020/11/17 06:21 [entrez] AID - 10.1038/s41586-020-2897-1 [pii] AID - 10.1038/s41586-020-2897-1 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Nature. 2020 Dec;588(7836):E2. doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2897-1. PMID- 16387009 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20060131 LR - 20061115 IS - 0002-9394 (Print) IS - 0002-9394 (Linking) VI - 141 IP - 1 DP - 2006 Jan TI - Rubella virus is associated with fuchs heterochromic iridocyclitis. PG - 212-214 AB - PURPOSE: To determine whether rubella virus (RV) is involved in the pathogenesis of Fuchs heterochromic iridocyclitis (FHI). DESIGN: Retrospective patient-controlled study. METHODS: Intraocular immunoglobulin G production against RV, herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella zoster virus (VZV), and Toxoplasma gondii was determined in the aqueous humor of 14 patients with FHI, 13 control subjects with herpetic uveitis anterior, and 19 control subjects with ocular toxoplasmosis by calculation of the Goldmann-Witmer coefficient (GWC). RESULTS: All patients and control subjects were seropositive for RV. Intraocular antibody production (GWC >3) against RV was found in 13 of 14 patients (93%) with FHI. Intraocular antibody production against HSV, VZV, or T gondii was not detected. None of the control subjects with herpetic uveitis anterior or with toxoplasma chorioretinitis had a positive GWC for rubella virus (P < .0001, Fisher exact test). CONCLUSION: Rubella virus, but not HSV, VZV, or T gondii, is associated with FHI. FAU - de Groot-Mijnes, Jolanda D F AU - de Groot-Mijnes JD AD - Department of Virology, Eijkman-Winkler Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands. j.d.f.degroot@azu.nl FAU - de Visser, Lenneke AU - de Visser L FAU - Rothova, Aniki AU - Rothova A FAU - Schuller, Margje AU - Schuller M FAU - van Loon, Anton M AU - van Loon AM FAU - Weersink, Annemarie J L AU - Weersink AJ LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - United States TA - Am J Ophthalmol JT - American journal of ophthalmology JID - 0370500 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin G) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Antibodies, Viral/analysis MH - Aqueous Humor/*virology MH - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay MH - Eye Infections, Viral/*virology MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Immunoglobulin G/analysis MH - Iridocyclitis/*virology MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Retrospective Studies MH - Rubella/*virology MH - Rubella virus/immunology/*isolation & purification EDAT- 2006/01/03 09:00 MHDA- 2006/02/01 09:00 CRDT- 2006/01/03 09:00 PHST- 2005/05/03 00:00 [received] PHST- 2005/07/29 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2005/07/29 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2006/01/03 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2006/02/01 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2006/01/03 09:00 [entrez] AID - S0002-9394(05)00880-9 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.ajo.2005.07.078 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Am J Ophthalmol. 2006 Jan;141(1):212-214. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2005.07.078. PMID- 30197515 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20181002 LR - 20190318 IS - 1178-2013 (Electronic) IS - 1176-9114 (Print) IS - 1176-9114 (Linking) VI - 13 DP - 2018 TI - Diagnosis of rubella virus using antigen-conjugated Au@Pt nanorods as nanozyme probe. PG - 4795-4805 LID - 10.2147/IJN.S171429 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: As nanotechnology advances rapidly, the nanozymes which could replace protein enzymes in bioanalytical assays bring a new opportunity to the development of simple and sensitive diagnostic tools. PURPOSE: Antibody-conjugated Au-Pt core/shell nanorods (Au@Pt NRs) have been used for nanozyme probes for diagnosis of rubella virus. Au@Pt NRs, prepared by Au nanorod-mediated growth, exhibit peroxidase-like activities and could serve as an inexpensive replacement for horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in conjugation of antigen. METHOD: Using a capture enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay for the determination of rubella virus. RESULTS: Compared with antibody-conjugated HRP, the antigen-conjugated Au@Pt NRs are more stable and more robust, but less expensive. Based on the enhanced catalytic properties of this nanozyme probe, it was found that the antigen-conjugated Au@Pt NRs-based enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay exhibited good sensitivity. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that these antigen-conjugated Au@Pt NRs represent a suitable nanozyme probe for future clinical applications under various conditions. FAU - Zhang, Tao AU - Zhang T AD - Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zaozhuang Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zaozhuang, China. FAU - Tian, Fang AU - Tian F AD - Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zaozhuang Municipal Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Zaozhuang, China. FAU - Long, Lin AU - Long L AD - Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zaozhuang Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zaozhuang, China. FAU - Liu, Jianbo AU - Liu J AD - College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, China, linyibm@163.com. FAU - Wu, Xiaochun AU - Wu X AD - CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China, wuxc@nanoctr.cn. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20180823 TA - Int J Nanomedicine JT - International journal of nanomedicine JID - 101263847 RN - 0 (Antigens, Viral) RN - 49DFR088MY (Platinum) RN - 7440-57-5 (Gold) RN - EC 1.11.1.- (Horseradish Peroxidase) SB - IM EIN - Int J Nanomedicine. 2019 Feb 19;14:1281. PMID: 30863060 MH - Antigens, Viral/*immunology MH - Catalysis MH - Gold/*chemistry MH - Horseradish Peroxidase/*metabolism MH - Humans MH - Immunoassay/methods MH - Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry MH - Nanotubes/*chemistry MH - Platinum/*chemistry MH - Rubella/*diagnosis/immunology/virology MH - Rubella virus/*immunology PMC - PMC6112774 OTO - NOTNLM OT - antigen conjugation OT - diagnosis OT - gold nanorods OT - nanozyme OT - rubella virus COIS- Disclosure The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work. EDAT- 2018/09/11 06:00 MHDA- 2018/10/03 06:00 CRDT- 2018/09/11 06:00 PHST- 2018/09/11 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2018/09/11 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2018/10/03 06:00 [medline] AID - ijn-13-4795 [pii] AID - 10.2147/IJN.S171429 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Int J Nanomedicine. 2018 Aug 23;13:4795-4805. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S171429. eCollection 2018. PMID- 30107992 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20181115 LR - 20181115 IS - 1873-2518 (Electronic) IS - 0264-410X (Linking) VI - 36 IP - 38 DP - 2018 Sep 11 TI - Rubella virus neutralizing antibody response after a third dose of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine in young adults. PG - 5732-5737 LID - S0264-410X(18)31117-4 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.08.010 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Third doses of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine have been administered during mumps outbreaks and in various non-outbreak settings. The immunogenicity of the rubella component has not been evaluated following receipt of a third dose of MMR vaccine. METHODS: Young adults aged 18-31 years with documented two doses of MMR vaccine received a third dose of MMR vaccine between July 2009 and October 2010. Rubella neutralizing antibody titers were assessed before, 1 month, and 1 year after receipt of a third dose of MMR vaccine. RESULTS: Among 679 participants, 1.8% had rubella antibody titers less than 10 U/ml, immediately before vaccination, approximately 15 years after receipt of a second dose of MMR vaccine. One month after receipt of a third dose of MMR vaccine, average titers were 4.5 times higher and >50% of participants had a 4-fold boost. Response was highest among those with titers less than 10 U/ml prior to vaccination (geometric mean titer ratio = 18.8; 92% seroconversion) and decreased with increasing pre-vaccination titers. Average titers declined 1 year postvaccination but remained significantly higher than pre-vaccination levels. The proportion classified as low-positive antibody levels increased from 3% 1 month postvaccination to 24% 1 year postvaccination. CONCLUSIONS: Vaccination with a third dose of MMR vaccine resulted in a robust boosting of rubella neutralizing antibody response that remained elevated 1 year later. Young adults with low rubella titers are more likely to benefit from a third dose of MMR vaccine. CI - Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. FAU - McLean, Huong Q AU - McLean HQ AD - Center for Clinical Epidemiology & Population Health, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, 1000 North Oak Ave, Marshfield, WI 54449, USA. Electronic address: mclean.huong@marshfieldresearch.org. FAU - Fiebelkorn, Amy Parker AU - Fiebelkorn AP AD - Immunization Services Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA. FAU - Ogee-Nwankwo, Adaeze AU - Ogee-Nwankwo A AD - Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA. FAU - Hao, LiJuan AU - Hao L AD - Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA. FAU - Coleman, Laura A AU - Coleman LA AD - Center for Clinical Epidemiology & Population Health, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, 1000 North Oak Ave, Marshfield, WI 54449, USA. FAU - Adebayo, Adebola AU - Adebayo A AD - Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA. FAU - Icenogle, Joseph P AU - Icenogle JP AD - Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. DEP - 20180811 PL - Netherlands TA - Vaccine JT - Vaccine JID - 8406899 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Neutralizing) RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine) SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Antibodies, Neutralizing/*blood MH - Antibodies, Viral/*blood MH - Female MH - Humans MH - *Immunization Schedule MH - Immunization, Secondary/*methods MH - Male MH - Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine/*administration & dosage MH - Rubella/immunology/prevention & control MH - Rubella virus/*immunology MH - Vaccination MH - Young Adult OTO - NOTNLM OT - *Immune response OT - *Rubella OT - *Third-dose measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine EDAT- 2018/08/16 06:00 MHDA- 2018/11/16 06:00 CRDT- 2018/08/16 06:00 PHST- 2017/12/13 00:00 [received] PHST- 2018/06/21 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2018/08/03 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2018/08/16 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2018/11/16 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2018/08/16 06:00 [entrez] AID - S0264-410X(18)31117-4 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.08.010 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Vaccine. 2018 Sep 11;36(38):5732-5737. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.08.010. Epub 2018 Aug 11. PMID- 31770412 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20200323 LR - 20200323 IS - 1932-6203 (Electronic) IS - 1932-6203 (Linking) VI - 14 IP - 11 DP - 2019 TI - Antibodies against measles and rubella virus among different age groups in Thailand: A population-based serological survey. PG - e0225606 LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0225606 [doi] LID - e0225606 AB - Measles and rubella are highly contagious viral diseases transmitted via respiratory secretions and aerosolized droplets. Thailand has implemented universal vaccination against measles using the monovalent measles (M) or the trivalent measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine for the past 30 years. Nevertheless, incidence of measles and rubella remains in some parts of the country. We conducted a seroprevalence study to evaluate the antibodies to measles and rubella virus among Thais of all ages and to determine pre-existing immunity resulting from either vaccination and/or natural exposure. A total of 1,781 serum samples collected in 2014 was tested for IgG to measles and rubella virus by commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Percentages of individuals with protective antibody levels and the geometric mean concentrations (GMC) of IgG in each age group were analysed. The GMC of anti-measles IgG and anti-rubella IgG were 653.7 IU/L (95% confidence interval (CI); 555.9-751.4) and 39.5 IU/mL (95% CI;35.0-43.9), respectively. Thais between the ages of six months and 25 years did not demonstrate sufficient protective herd immunity for measles. This observation is consistent with the recent measles outbreaks in this age group. Lower prevalence of immunity against rubella was found among children ages 5-6 years who may not have completed vaccination as infants. Our findings identify gaps in rubella and measles immunity in specific age groups and support recommendations for catch-up MMR vaccination in individuals 30 years of age or younger. FAU - Wanlapakorn, Nasamon AU - Wanlapakorn N AD - Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. AD - Division of Academic Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. FAU - Wasitthankasem, Rujipat AU - Wasitthankasem R AD - Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. AD - National Biobank of Thailand, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand. FAU - Vichaiwattana, Preeyaporn AU - Vichaiwattana P AD - Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. FAU - Auphimai, Chompoonut AU - Auphimai C AD - Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. FAU - Yoocharoen, Pornsak AU - Yoocharoen P AD - Department of Disease Control, Division of Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand. FAU - Vongpunsawad, Sompong AU - Vongpunsawad S AD - Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. FAU - Poovorawan, Yong AU - Poovorawan Y AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2337-6807 AD - Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20191126 TA - PLoS One JT - PloS one JID - 101285081 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Antibodies, Viral/*blood MH - Child MH - Child, Preschool MH - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Infant MH - Infant, Newborn MH - Male MH - Measles/epidemiology/*immunology MH - Morbillivirus/immunology MH - Rubella/epidemiology/*immunology MH - Rubella virus/immunology MH - Thailand/epidemiology MH - Vaccination MH - Young Adult PMC - PMC6879141 COIS- The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. EDAT- 2019/11/27 06:00 MHDA- 2020/03/24 06:00 CRDT- 2019/11/27 06:00 PHST- 2019/06/28 00:00 [received] PHST- 2019/11/07 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2019/11/27 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2019/11/27 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/03/24 06:00 [medline] AID - PONE-D-19-18246 [pii] AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0225606 [doi] PST - epublish SO - PLoS One. 2019 Nov 26;14(11):e0225606. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225606. eCollection 2019. PMID- 35003119 OWN - NLM STAT- In-Process LR - 20220121 IS - 1664-3224 (Electronic) IS - 1664-3224 (Linking) VI - 12 DP - 2021 TI - Rubella Virus Infected Macrophages and Neutrophils Define Patterns of Granulomatous Inflammation in Inborn and Acquired Errors of Immunity. PG - 796065 LID - 10.3389/fimmu.2021.796065 [doi] LID - 796065 AB - Rubella virus (RuV) has recently been found in association with granulomatous inflammation of the skin and several internal organs in patients with inborn errors of immunity (IEI). The cellular tropism and molecular mechanisms of RuV persistence and pathogenesis in select immunocompromised hosts are not clear. We provide clinical, immunological, virological, and histological data on a cohort of 28 patients with a broad spectrum of IEI and RuV-associated granulomas in skin and nine extracutaneous tissues to further delineate this relationship. Combined immunodeficiency was the most frequent diagnosis (67.8%) among patients. Patients with previously undocumented conditions, i.e., humoral immunodeficiencies, a secondary immunodeficiency, and a defect of innate immunity were identified as being susceptible to RuV-associated granulomas. Hematopoietic cell transplantation was the most successful treatment in this case series resulting in granuloma resolution; steroids, and TNF-α and IL-1R inhibitors were moderately effective. In addition to M2 macrophages, neutrophils were identified by immunohistochemical analysis as a novel cell type infected with RuV. Four patterns of RuV-associated granulomatous inflammation were classified based on the structural organization of granulomas and identity and location of cell types harboring RuV antigen. Identification of conditions that increase susceptibility to RuV-associated granulomas combined with structural characterization of the granulomas may lead to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of RuV-associated granulomas and discover new targets for therapeutic interventions. CI - Copyright © 2021 Perelygina, Faisthalab, Abernathy, Chen, Hao, Bercovitch, Bayer, Noroski, Lam, Cicalese, Al-Herz, Nanda, Hajjar, Vanden Driessche, Schroven, Leysen, Rosenbach, Peters, Raedler, Albert, Abraham, Rangarjan, Buchbinder, Kobrynski, Pham-Huy, Dhossche, Cunningham Rundles, Meyer, Theos, Atkinson, Musiek, Adeli, Derichs, Walz, Krüger, von Bernuth, Klein, Icenogle, Hauck and Sullivan. FAU - Perelygina, Ludmila AU - Perelygina L AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Viral Diseases, Atlanta, GA, United States. FAU - Faisthalab, Raeesa AU - Faisthalab R AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Viral Diseases, Atlanta, GA, United States. FAU - Abernathy, Emily AU - Abernathy E AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Viral Diseases, Atlanta, GA, United States. FAU - Chen, Min-Hsin AU - Chen MH AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Viral Diseases, Atlanta, GA, United States. FAU - Hao, LiJuan AU - Hao L AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Viral Diseases, Atlanta, GA, United States. FAU - Bercovitch, Lionel AU - Bercovitch L AD - Department of Dermatology, Hasbro Children's Hospital and Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States. FAU - Bayer, Diana K AU - Bayer DK AD - Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Stead Family Children's Hospital, Iowa City, IA, United States. FAU - Noroski, Lenora M AU - Noroski LM AD - Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States. FAU - Lam, Michael T AU - Lam MT AD - Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States. FAU - Cicalese, Maria Pia AU - Cicalese MP AD - Pediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit and San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (National Institute for Research and Treatment) (IRCCS) San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy. FAU - Al-Herz, Waleed AU - Al-Herz W AD - Department of Pediatrics, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait. AD - Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Al-Sabah Hospital, Kuwait City, Kuwait. FAU - Nanda, Arti AU - Nanda A AD - Pediatric Dermatology Unit, As'ad Al-Hamad Dermatology Center, Al-sabah Hospital, Kuwait City, Kuwait. FAU - Hajjar, Joud AU - Hajjar J AD - Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States. FAU - Vanden Driessche, Koen AU - Vanden Driessche K AD - Department of Pediatrics, Queen Mathilde Mother and Child Centre, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium. FAU - Schroven, Shari AU - Schroven S AD - Department of Pediatrics, Queen Mathilde Mother and Child Centre, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium. FAU - Leysen, Julie AU - Leysen J AD - Department of Dermatology, Queen Mathilde Mother and Child Centre, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium. FAU - Rosenbach, Misha AU - Rosenbach M AD - Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States. FAU - Peters, Philipp AU - Peters P AD - Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany. FAU - Raedler, Johannes AU - Raedler J AD - Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany. FAU - Albert, Michael H AU - Albert MH AD - Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany. FAU - Abraham, Roshini S AU - Abraham RS AD - Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States. FAU - Rangarjan, Hemalatha G AU - Rangarjan HG AD - Department of Hematology, Oncology, Blood and Marrow Transplant, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States. FAU - Buchbinder, David AU - Buchbinder D AD - Department of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, CA, United States. AD - Department of Pediatrics, University of California at Irvine, Orange, CA, United States. FAU - Kobrynski, Lisa AU - Kobrynski L AD - Allergy/Immunology Section, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States. FAU - Pham-Huy, Anne AU - Pham-Huy A AD - Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa and Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada. FAU - Dhossche, Julie AU - Dhossche J AD - Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States. FAU - Cunningham Rundles, Charlotte AU - Cunningham Rundles C AD - Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States. FAU - Meyer, Anna K AU - Meyer AK AD - Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States. FAU - Theos, Amy AU - Theos A AD - Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States. FAU - Atkinson, T Prescott AU - Atkinson TP AD - Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States. FAU - Musiek, Amy AU - Musiek A AD - Division of Dermatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States. FAU - Adeli, Mehdi AU - Adeli M AD - Division of Immunology and Allergy, Sidra Medicine and Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar. FAU - Derichs, Ute AU - Derichs U AD - Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Hospital Mainz, Mainz, Germany. FAU - Walz, Christoph AU - Walz C AD - Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany. FAU - Krüger, Renate AU - Krüger R AD - Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. FAU - von Bernuth, Horst AU - von Bernuth H AD - Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. AD - Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany. AD - Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. AD - Labor Berlin GmbH, Department of Immunology, Berlin, Germany. FAU - Klein, Christoph AU - Klein C AD - Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany. FAU - Icenogle, Joseph AU - Icenogle J AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Viral Diseases, Atlanta, GA, United States. FAU - Hauck, Fabian AU - Hauck F AD - Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany. FAU - Sullivan, Kathleen E AU - Sullivan KE AD - Division of Allergy Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States. LA - eng GR - R21 AI130967/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 AI141877/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. DEP - 20211220 TA - Front Immunol JT - Frontiers in immunology JID - 101560960 SB - IM PMC - PMC8728873 OTO - NOTNLM OT - *granuloma treatments OT - *granulomatous inflammation OT - *inborn errors of immunity OT - *macrophages OT - *neutrophils OT - *primary immunodeficiency OT - *skin lesion OT - *vaccine-derived rubella viruses COIS- MA is employed by Sidra Medicine and Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar. HB is employed by Labor Berlin GmbH, Germany. JH received grants from Immune Deficiency Foundation, the US immunodeficiency network, Chao-physician Scientist award, the Texas Medical Center Digestive Diseases Center and the Jeffrey Modell Foundation. JH received honorarium, consultation fees from Horizon, Pharming, Baxalta, CSL Behring, the National guard, and Al-Faisal University Hospital. TPA received consultation fees from Horizon, Pharming, CSL Behring. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. EDAT- 2022/01/11 06:00 MHDA- 2022/01/11 06:00 CRDT- 2022/01/10 09:11 PHST- 2021/10/15 00:00 [received] PHST- 2021/11/30 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2022/01/10 09:11 [entrez] PHST- 2022/01/11 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/01/11 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.3389/fimmu.2021.796065 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Front Immunol. 2021 Dec 20;12:796065. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.796065. eCollection 2021. PMID- 25774539 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20160204 LR - 20150506 IS - 1532-4230 (Electronic) IS - 1532-1819 (Linking) VI - 36 IP - 6 DP - 2015 TI - Epidemiological Evaluation of Rubella Virus Infection among Pregnant Women in Ibadan, Nigeria. PG - 613-21 LID - 10.1080/15321819.2015.1027404 [doi] AB - Rubella is a vaccine-preventable, mild rash-inducing viral disease with complications that include a spectrum of birth defects in the developing fetus, especially if the infection is acquired in the early months of pregnancy. Consequently, the primary objective of global rubella control programs is prevention of congenital rubella infection and associated birth defects. Despite the availability of safe and effective vaccines, and the elimination of the rubella virus in many developed countries, substantial commitment to rubella control has not been demonstrated in developing countries. This study appraises immunity to rubella, and consequently makes appropriate recommendations aimed at facilitating effective control. A cross-sectional sero-surveillance study was carried out among defined 272 consenting ante-natal clinic attendees in south-western, Nigeria. Prevalence rates of 91.54% and 1.84% were recorded for the anti-rubella virus (anti-RV) IgG and IgM, respectively. Also, 90.7% and 92.3% of the women aged ≤30 years and >30 years, respectively, had detectable anti-RV IgG. No significant association (p = 0.94) was recorded between anti-RV IgG detection and age of the women. Previous exposure and susceptibility of significant fraction of the population to rubella infection were confirmed. Considerable political commitment and promotion of free rubella immunization specifically for women with childbearing potential were recommended. FAU - Adewumi, Olubusuyi M AU - Adewumi OM AD - a Department of Virology , College of Medicine, University College Hospital, University of Ibadan , Ibadan , Nigeria. FAU - Olayinka, Oluseyi A AU - Olayinka OA FAU - Olusola, Babatunde A AU - Olusola BA FAU - Faleye, Temitope O C AU - Faleye TO FAU - Sule, Waidi F AU - Sule WF FAU - Adesina, Olubukola AU - Adesina O LA - eng PT - Clinical Trial PT - Journal Article PT - Multicenter Study PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - England TA - J Immunoassay Immunochem JT - Journal of immunoassay & immunochemistry JID - 100963688 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin G) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin M) SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Antibodies, Viral/*blood MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Immunoglobulin G/*blood MH - Immunoglobulin M/*blood MH - Nigeria/epidemiology MH - Pregnancy MH - *Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/blood/epidemiology MH - *Rubella/blood/epidemiology MH - *Rubella virus OTO - NOTNLM OT - CRS OT - Nigeria OT - anti-rubella OT - rubella OT - rubella virus OT - vaccine-preventable EDAT- 2015/03/17 06:00 MHDA- 2016/02/05 06:00 CRDT- 2015/03/17 06:00 PHST- 2015/03/17 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2015/03/17 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2016/02/05 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.1080/15321819.2015.1027404 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Immunoassay Immunochem. 2015;36(6):613-21. doi: 10.1080/15321819.2015.1027404. PMID- 27170018 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20170808 LR - 20181203 IS - 1098-660X (Electronic) IS - 0095-1137 (Print) IS - 0095-1137 (Linking) VI - 54 IP - 7 DP - 2016 Jul TI - Where to Now for Standardization of Anti-Rubella Virus IgG Testing. PG - 1682-1683 LID - 10.1128/JCM.00800-16 [doi] AB - The lack of standardization of rubella IgG testing continues to be a problem 20 years since the standard was introduced. The situation is complex and poorly understood. As demonstrated by an article in this issue (E. Bouthry, M. Furione, D. Huzly, A. Ogee-Nwankwo, L. Hao, A. Adebayo, J. Icenogle, A. Sarasini, M. Grazia Revello, L. Grangeot-Keros, and C. Vauloup-Fellous, J Clin Microbiol 54:1720-1725, 2016, http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00383-16), the problem remains. The situation is far from being resolved, but at least the process for change has started. CI - Copyright © 2016, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. FAU - Dimech, Wayne AU - Dimech W AD - National Serology Reference Laboratory, Australia; Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia wayne@nrl.gov.au. LA - eng PT - Comment PT - Journal Article DEP - 20160511 TA - J Clin Microbiol JT - Journal of clinical microbiology JID - 7505564 RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin G) SB - IM CON - J Clin Microbiol. 2016 Jul;54(7):1720-5. PMID: 27147722 MH - Humans MH - Immunoglobulin G MH - *Reference Standards MH - Rubella virus/*immunology PMC - PMC4922087 EDAT- 2016/05/14 06:00 MHDA- 2017/08/09 06:00 CRDT- 2016/05/13 06:00 PHST- 2016/05/13 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2016/05/14 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2017/08/09 06:00 [medline] AID - JCM.00800-16 [pii] AID - 00800-16 [pii] AID - 10.1128/JCM.00800-16 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Clin Microbiol. 2016 Jul;54(7):1682-1683. doi: 10.1128/JCM.00800-16. Epub 2016 May 11. PMID- 29663453 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20190531 LR - 20190531 IS - 1096-9071 (Electronic) IS - 0146-6615 (Linking) VI - 90 IP - 8 DP - 2018 Aug TI - Seroprevalence of Zika virus and Rubella virus IgG among blood donors in Rwanda and in Sweden. PG - 1290-1296 LID - 10.1002/jmv.25198 [doi] AB - Seroprevalence studies provide information on the susceptibility to infection of certain populations, including women of childbearing age. Such data from Central Africa are scarce regarding two viruses that cause congenital infections: Zika virus (ZIKV), an emerging mosquito-borne infection, and Rubella virus (RuV), a vaccine-preventable infection. We report on the seroprevalence of both ZIKV and RuV from Rwanda, a country without any known cases of ZIKV, but bordering Uganda where this virus was isolated in 1947. Anti-ZIKV-specific and anti-RuV-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in serum samples from 874 Rwandan and 215 Swedish blood donors. Samples positive for IgG antibodies against ZIKV were examined for viral RNA using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The seroprevalence of ZIKV IgG in Rwanda was 1.4% (12/874), of which the predominance of positive findings came from the Southeastern region. All anti-ZIKV IgG-positive samples were PCR-negative. Among 297 female blood donors of childbearing age, 295 (99.3%) were seronegative and thus susceptible to ZIKV. All Swedish blood donors were IgG-negative to ZIKV. In contrast, blood donors from both countries showed high seroprevalence of IgG to RuV: 91.2% for Rwandan and 92.1% for Swedish donors. Only 10.5% (31/294) of female donors of childbearing age from Rwanda were seronegative for RuV. In Rwanda, seroprevalence for ZIKV IgG antibodies was low, but high for RuV. Hence, women of childbearing age were susceptible to ZIKV. These data may be of value for decision-making regarding prophylactic measures. CI - © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. FAU - Seruyange, Eric AU - Seruyange E AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3817-9838 AD - Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Huye, Rwanda. AD - Rwanda Military Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda. AD - Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. FAU - Gahutu, Jean-Bosco AU - Gahutu JB AD - Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Huye, Rwanda. FAU - Muvunyi, Claude M AU - Muvunyi CM AD - Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Huye, Rwanda. FAU - Katare, Swaibu AU - Katare S AD - National Centre for Blood Transfusion, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda. FAU - Ndahindwa, Vedaste AU - Ndahindwa V AD - School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Huye, Rwanda. FAU - Sibomana, Hassan AU - Sibomana H AD - Expanded Program on Immunization, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda. FAU - Nyamusore, José AU - Nyamusore J AD - Division of Epidemic Surveillance and Response, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda. FAU - Rutagarama, Florent AU - Rutagarama F AD - Rwanda Military Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda. FAU - Hannoun, Charles AU - Hannoun C AD - Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. FAU - Norder, Helene AU - Norder H AD - Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. FAU - Bergström, Tomas AU - Bergström T AD - Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20180606 PL - United States TA - J Med Virol JT - Journal of medical virology JID - 7705876 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin G) RN - 0 (RNA, Viral) SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Antibodies, Viral/*blood MH - Blood Donors MH - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Immunoglobulin G/blood MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - RNA, Viral/blood MH - Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction MH - Rubella/*epidemiology MH - Rubella virus/*immunology MH - Rwanda/epidemiology MH - Seroepidemiologic Studies MH - Sweden/epidemiology MH - Young Adult MH - Zika Virus/*immunology MH - Zika Virus Infection/*epidemiology OTO - NOTNLM OT - *ELISA OT - *Rubella virus OT - *Rwanda OT - *Zika virus OT - *seroprevalence EDAT- 2018/04/18 06:00 MHDA- 2019/06/01 06:00 CRDT- 2018/04/18 06:00 PHST- 2017/11/17 00:00 [received] PHST- 2018/03/05 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2018/03/25 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2018/04/18 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2019/06/01 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2018/04/18 06:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1002/jmv.25198 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Med Virol. 2018 Aug;90(8):1290-1296. doi: 10.1002/jmv.25198. Epub 2018 Jun 6. PMID- 31656468 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20191112 LR - 20200108 IS - 1729-0503 (Electronic) IS - 1680-6905 (Print) IS - 1680-6905 (Linking) VI - 19 IP - 2 DP - 2019 Jun TI - Rubella virus, Toxoplasma gondii and Treponema pallidum congenital infections among full term delivered women in an urban area of Tanzania: a call for improved antenatal care. PG - 1858-1865 LID - 10.4314/ahs.v19i2.8 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: A significant proportion of newborns in the developing countries are born with congenital anomalies. OBJECTIVE: This study investigated congenital infections due to Rubella virus, Toxoplasma gondii, Treponema pallidum among presumed normal neonates from full term pregnant women in Mwanza, Tanzania. METHODS: Sera from mothers were tested for Treponema pallidum and Toxoplasma gondii infection while newborns from mothers with acute infections were tested for T. pallidum and T. gondii, and all newborns were tested for Rubella IgM antibodies. RESULTS: A total of 13/300 (4.3 %) mothers had T. pallidum antibodies with 3 of them having acute infection. Two (0.7 %) of the newborns from mothers with acute infection were confirmed to have congenital syphilis. Regarding toxoplasmosis, 92/300 (30.7 %) mothers were IgG seropositive and 7 had borderline positivity, with only 1/99 (1%) being IgM seropositive who delivered IgM seronegative neonate. Only 1/300 (0.3 %) newborn had rubella IgM antibodies indicating congenital rubella infection. CONCLUSION: Based on these results, it is estimated that in Mwanza city in every 100,000 live births about 300 and 600 newborns have congenital rubella and syphilis infections, respectively. Rubella virus and T. pallidum are likely to be among common causes of congenital infections in developing countries. CI - © 2019 Mirambo et al. FAU - Mirambo, Mariam M AU - Mirambo MM AD - Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania. FAU - Mshana, Stephen E AU - Mshana SE AD - Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania. FAU - Groß, Uwe AU - Groß U AD - Institute of Medical Microbiology, Gottingen University Medical Centre, Germany. LA - eng PT - Journal Article TA - Afr Health Sci JT - African health sciences JID - 101149451 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin G) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin M) RN - 0 (rubella antibodies) SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Antibodies, Viral/blood MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - Female MH - Fetal Blood/immunology MH - Humans MH - Immunoglobulin G/blood MH - Immunoglobulin M/blood MH - Infant, Newborn MH - Pregnancy MH - Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/*epidemiology/immunology MH - Prenatal Care MH - Prevalence MH - Rubella/*congenital/diagnosis/*epidemiology MH - Rubella virus/*immunology/isolation & purification MH - Seroepidemiologic Studies MH - Syphilis/complications/epidemiology MH - Syphilis, Congenital/diagnosis/*epidemiology MH - Tanzania/epidemiology MH - Toxoplasma/*immunology/isolation & purification MH - Toxoplasmosis/complications/epidemiology MH - Toxoplasmosis, Congenital/diagnosis/*epidemiology MH - Treponema pallidum/*immunology/isolation & purification MH - Urban Population PMC - PMC6794536 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Congenital infections OT - Mwanza OT - Tanzania EDAT- 2019/10/28 06:00 MHDA- 2019/11/13 06:00 CRDT- 2019/10/29 06:00 PHST- 2019/10/29 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2019/10/28 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2019/11/13 06:00 [medline] AID - jAFHS.v19.i2.pg1858 [pii] AID - 10.4314/ahs.v19i2.8 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Afr Health Sci. 2019 Jun;19(2):1858-1865. doi: 10.4314/ahs.v19i2.8. PMID- 33743553 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20210518 LR - 20210525 IS - 1742-1241 (Electronic) IS - 1368-5031 (Linking) VI - 75 IP - 6 DP - 2021 Jun TI - Seroprevalence of rubella virus among pregnant women: A 4-year registered-based study from family medicine and obstetric clinics in Saudi Arabia. PG - e14156 LID - 10.1111/ijcp.14156 [doi] AB - OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine rubella virus infectivity and immune status in pregnant females who visited the family medicine and obstetrics clinics at a large hospital in Saudi Arabia, and to identify the possible predictors of rubella susceptibility. METHODS: This registered-based, cross-sectional study included pregnant, aged between 18 and 50 years old, who presented for the first antenatal visit between 2017 and 2020. Data on sociodemographic, antenatal characteristics and serological results were collected. Chi-Squared or Fisher's Exact test and t tests were used for bivariate analysis followed by the multivariable logistic regression model. RESULTS: A total of 4328 pregnant were included in the study. Seroprevalence of rubella immunity was 76.41%. Positive rubella IgM antibody was identified in 1.21% of those who performed the test (17/1409). Odds of susceptibility were decreased with an increase in age (OR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.95-0.97) and in non-Saudis' (OR = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.36-0.54). CONCLUSIONS: Approximately 24% of pregnant were susceptible to rubella virus infections in this study. Screening females of child-bearing age and reimmunisation of susceptible cases before pregnancy are suggested. Further studies to investigate the impact of applying this policy in premarital screening are recommended. CI - © 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. FAU - AlShamlan, Nouf A AU - AlShamlan NA AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8049-237X AD - Department of Family and Community Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia. FAU - AlOmar, Reem S AU - AlOmar RS AD - Department of Family and Community Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia. FAU - AlOtaibi, Amani S AU - AlOtaibi AS AD - Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia. FAU - Almukhadhib, Omar Y AU - Almukhadhib OY AD - College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia. FAU - AlShamlan, Abeer A AU - AlShamlan AA AD - College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia. FAU - Alreedy, Abdullah H AU - Alreedy AH AD - Department of Family and Community Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia. FAU - Zabeeri, Najwa A AU - Zabeeri NA AD - Department of Family and Community Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia. FAU - Darwish, Magdy A AU - Darwish MA AD - Department of Family and Community Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia. FAU - Al Shammri, Malak A AU - Al Shammri MA AD - Department of Family and Community Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20210326 PL - England TA - Int J Clin Pract JT - International journal of clinical practice JID - 9712381 SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - Family Practice MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Middle Aged MH - Pregnancy MH - *Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/epidemiology MH - Pregnant Women MH - *Rubella virus MH - Saudi Arabia/epidemiology MH - Seroepidemiologic Studies MH - Young Adult EDAT- 2021/03/21 06:00 MHDA- 2021/05/19 06:00 CRDT- 2021/03/20 20:22 PHST- 2021/03/03 00:00 [received] PHST- 2021/03/17 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2021/03/21 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/05/19 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2021/03/20 20:22 [entrez] AID - 10.1111/ijcp.14156 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Int J Clin Pract. 2021 Jun;75(6):e14156. doi: 10.1111/ijcp.14156. Epub 2021 Mar 26. PMID- 31732325 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20210226 LR - 20210226 IS - 1873-2518 (Electronic) IS - 0264-410X (Print) IS - 0264-410X (Linking) VI - 38 IP - 5 DP - 2020 Jan 29 TI - Rubella virus-specific humoral immune responses and their interrelationships before and after a third dose of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine in women of childbearing age. PG - 1249-1257 LID - S0264-410X(19)31511-7 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.11.004 [doi] AB - In the U.S., measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination is recommended as two vaccine doses. A third dose of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is being administered in certain situations (e.g., identified seronegativity and during outbreaks). We studied rubella-specific humoral immunity (neutralizing antibody, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay/ELISA IgG titer and antibody avidity) and the frequencies of antigen-specific memory B cells before and after a third dose of MMR-II in 109 female participants of childbearing age (median age, 34.5 years old) from Olmsted County, MN, with two documented prior MMR vaccine doses. The participants were selected from a cohort of 1117 individuals if they represented the high and the low ends of the rubella-specific antibody response spectrum. Of the 109 participants, we identified four individuals (3.67% of all study participants; 7.14% of the low-responder group) that were seronegative at Baseline (rubella-specific ELISA IgG titers <10 IU/mL), suggesting a lack of protection against rubella before receipt of a third MMR vaccine dose. The peak geometric mean neutralizing antibody titer one month following the third dose of MMR vaccine for the cohort was 243 NT(50) (CI; 241, 245), which is expected for a cohort with two doses of MMR, and the peak geometric mean IgG titer was 150 IU/mL (CI; 148, 152) with no seronegative individuals at Day 28. One-third of all subjects (31.8% for the neutralizing antibody; 30.8% for the IgG titer) experienced a significant boost (≥4-fold) of antibody titers one month following vaccination. Antibody titers and other tested immune-response variables were significantly higher in the high-responder group compared to the low-responder group. The frequencies of rubella-specific memory B cells were modestly associated with the antibody titers. Our study suggests the importance of yet unknown inherent biologic and immune factors for the generation and maintenance of rubella-vaccine-induced humoral immune responses. CI - Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. FAU - Haralambieva, Iana H AU - Haralambieva IH AD - Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. FAU - Ovsyannikova, Inna G AU - Ovsyannikova IG AD - Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. FAU - Kennedy, Richard B AU - Kennedy RB AD - Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. FAU - Goergen, Krista M AU - Goergen KM AD - Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. FAU - Grill, Diane E AU - Grill DE AD - Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. FAU - Chen, Min-Hsin AU - Chen MH AD - National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta 30333, Georgia. FAU - Hao, Lijuan AU - Hao L AD - National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta 30333, Georgia. FAU - Icenogle, Joseph AU - Icenogle J AD - National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta 30333, Georgia. FAU - Poland, Gregory A AU - Poland GA AD - Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. Electronic address: poland.gregory@mayo.edu. LA - eng GR - R01 AI033144/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States GR - R37 AI048793/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural DEP - 20191112 TA - Vaccine JT - Vaccine JID - 8406899 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Neutralizing) RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin G) RN - 0 (Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology MH - Antibodies, Viral/*immunology MH - Antibody Affinity MH - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay MH - Female MH - Humans MH - *Immunity, Humoral MH - Immunoglobulin G/immunology MH - Measles MH - Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine/*administration & dosage MH - Mumps MH - Neutralization Tests MH - Rubella/*immunology/prevention & control MH - Rubella virus/immunology PMC - PMC6992489 MID - NIHMS1542842 OTO - NOTNLM OT - *Antibody OT - *Humoral OT - *Immunity OT - *Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine OT - *Rubella OT - *Rubella Vaccine OT - *Viral COIS- Declaration of Competing Interest Dr. Poland is the chair of a Safety Evaluation Committee for novel investigational vaccine trials being conducted by Merck Research Laboratories. Dr. Poland offers consultative advice on vaccine development to Merck & Co. Inc., Avianax, Adjuvance, Valneva, Medicago, Sanofi Pasteur, GlaxoSmithKline, and Emergent Biosolutions. Drs. Poland and Ovsyannikova hold three patents related to measles and vaccinia peptide research. Dr. Kennedy holds a patent on vaccinia peptide research. Dr. Kennedy has received funding from Merck Research Laboratories to study waning immunity to measles and mumps after immunization with MMR-II®. All other authors declare no competing financial interests. These activities have been reviewed by the Mayo Clinic Conflict of Interest Review Board and are conducted in compliance with Mayo Clinic Conflict of Interest policies. EDAT- 2019/11/17 06:00 MHDA- 2021/02/27 06:00 CRDT- 2019/11/17 06:00 PHST- 2019/08/09 00:00 [received] PHST- 2019/10/29 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2019/11/04 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2019/11/17 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/02/27 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2019/11/17 06:00 [entrez] AID - S0264-410X(19)31511-7 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.11.004 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Vaccine. 2020 Jan 29;38(5):1249-1257. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.11.004. Epub 2019 Nov 12. PMID- 27866768 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20171215 LR - 20180205 IS - 1873-2518 (Electronic) IS - 0264-410X (Linking) VI - 34 IP - 51 DP - 2016 Dec 12 TI - Estimating the burden of rubella virus infection and congenital rubella syndrome through a rubella immunity assessment among pregnant women in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Potential impact on vaccination policy. PG - 6502-6511 LID - S0264-410X(16)30994-X [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.10.059 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Rubella-containing vaccines (RCV) are not yet part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo's (DRC) vaccination program; however RCV introduction is planned before 2020. Because documentation of DRC's historical burden of rubella virus infection and congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) has been minimal, estimates of the burden of rubella virus infection and of CRS would help inform the country's strategy for RCV introduction. METHODS: A rubella antibody seroprevalence assessment was conducted using serum collected during 2008-2009 from 1605 pregnant women aged 15-46years attending 7 antenatal care sites in 3 of DRC's provinces. Estimates of age- and site-specific rubella antibody seroprevalence, population, and fertility rates were used in catalytic models to estimate the incidence of CRS per 100,000 live births and the number of CRS cases born in 2013 in DRC. RESULTS: Overall 84% (95% CI 82, 86) of the women tested were estimated to be rubella antibody seropositive. The association between age and estimated antibody seroprevalence, adjusting for study site, was not significant (p=0.10). Differences in overall estimated seroprevalence by study site were observed indicating variation by geographical area (p⩽0.03 for all). Estimated seroprevalence was similar for women declaring residence in urban (84%) versus rural (83%) settings (p=0.67). In 2013 for DRC nationally, the estimated incidence of CRS was 69/100,000 live births (95% CI 0, 186), corresponding to 2886 infants (95% CI 342, 6395) born with CRS. CONCLUSIONS: In the 3 provinces, rubella virus transmission is endemic, and most viral exposure and seroconversion occurs before age 15years. However, approximately 10-20% of the women were susceptible to rubella virus infection and thus at risk for having an infant with CRS. This analysis can guide plans for introduction of RCV in DRC. Per World Health Organization recommendations, introduction of RCV should be accompanied by a campaign targeting all children 9months to 14years of age as well as vaccination of women of child bearing age through routine services. CI - Published by Elsevier Ltd. FAU - Alleman, Mary M AU - Alleman MM AD - Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States. Electronic address: mea4@cdc.gov. FAU - Wannemuehler, Kathleen A AU - Wannemuehler KA AD - Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States. FAU - Hao, Lijuan AU - Hao L AD - Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States. FAU - Perelygina, Ludmila AU - Perelygina L AD - Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States. FAU - Icenogle, Joseph P AU - Icenogle JP AD - Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States. FAU - Vynnycky, Emilia AU - Vynnycky E AD - TB Modelling Group, Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Public Health England, London, United Kingdom. FAU - Fwamba, Franck AU - Fwamba F AD - Programme National de Lutte Contre les IST/SIDA, Ministry of Public Health, Kinshasa, The Democratic Republic of the Congo. FAU - Edidi, Samuel AU - Edidi S AD - Programme National de Lutte Contre les IST/SIDA, Ministry of Public Health, Kinshasa, The Democratic Republic of the Congo. FAU - Mulumba, Audry AU - Mulumba A AD - Expanded Programme on Immunization, Ministry of Public Health, Kinshasa, The Democratic Republic of the Congo. FAU - Sidibe, Kassim AU - Sidibe K AD - Division of Global HIV/AIDS, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Kinshasa, The Democratic Republic of the Congo. FAU - Reef, Susan E AU - Reef SE AD - Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. DEP - 20161117 PL - Netherlands TA - Vaccine JT - Vaccine JID - 8406899 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Antibodies, Viral/*blood MH - Democratic Republic of the Congo/epidemiology MH - *Disease Susceptibility MH - Female MH - Health Policy MH - Humans MH - Immunization Programs MH - Middle Aged MH - Pregnancy MH - *Pregnant Women MH - Rubella/*epidemiology MH - Rubella virus/*immunology MH - Seroepidemiologic Studies MH - Surveys and Questionnaires MH - Young Adult OTO - NOTNLM OT - *Africa OT - *Antenatal OT - *Congenital rubella syndrome OT - *Democratic Republic of the Congo OT - *Pregnant women OT - *Rubella OT - *Rubella IgG OT - *Rubella antibody seroprevalence OT - *Rubella incidence OT - *Rubella serosurvey OT - *Rubella transmission EDAT- 2016/11/22 06:00 MHDA- 2017/12/16 06:00 CRDT- 2016/11/22 06:00 PHST- 2016/07/27 00:00 [received] PHST- 2016/10/21 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2016/10/22 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2016/11/22 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2017/12/16 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2016/11/22 06:00 [entrez] AID - S0264-410X(16)30994-X [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.10.059 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Vaccine. 2016 Dec 12;34(51):6502-6511. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.10.059. Epub 2016 Nov 17. PMID- 15259032 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20050201 LR - 20211203 IS - 1542-0752 (Print) IS - 1542-0752 (Linking) VI - 70 IP - 7 DP - 2004 Jul TI - Rubella virus and birth defects: molecular insights into the viral teratogenesis at the cellular level. PG - 431-7 AB - BACKGROUND: In utero rubella virus (RV) infection of a fetus can result in birth defects that are often collectively referred to as congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). In extreme cases, fetal death can occur. In spite of the availability of a safe and effective vaccine against rubella, recent worldwide estimates are that more than 100,000 infants are born with CRS annually. RECENT PROGRESS: Recently, several significant findings in the field of cell biology, as well as in the RV replication and virus-cell interactions, have originated from the authors' laboratory, and other researchers have provided insights into RV teratogenesis. It has been shown that 1) an RV protein induces cell-cycle arrest by generating a subpopulation of tetraploid nuclei (i.e., 4N DNA) cells, perhaps representative of the tetraploid state following S phase in the cell cycle, due to its interaction with citron-K kinase (CK); 2) RV infection induces apoptosis in cell culture, and 3) CK functional perturbations lead to tetraploidy, followed by apoptosis, in specific cell types. CONCLUSIONS: Based on several similarities between known RV-associated fetal and cellular manifestations and CK deficiency-associated phenotypes, it is reasonable to postulate that P90-CK interaction in RV-infected cells interferes with CK function and induces cell-cycle arrest following S phase in a subpopulation, perhaps representative of tetraploid stage, which could lead to subsequent apoptosis in RV infection. Taking all these observations to the fetal organogenesis level, it is plausible that P90-CK interaction could perhaps be one of the initial steps in RV infection-induced apoptosis-associated fetal birth defects in utero. FAU - Atreya, C D AU - Atreya CD AD - Section of Viral Pathogenesis and Vaccine Adverse Reactions, Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. atreya@cber.fda.gov FAU - Mohan, K V K AU - Mohan KV FAU - Kulkarni, S AU - Kulkarni S LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. PT - Review PL - United States TA - Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol JT - Birth defects research. Part A, Clinical and molecular teratology JID - 101155107 RN - 0 (Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins) RN - 0 (Retinoblastoma Protein) RN - EC 2.7.1.- (citron-kinase) RN - EC 2.7.11.1 (Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases) SB - IM MH - Apoptosis/physiology MH - Cell Cycle/physiology MH - Congenital Abnormalities/etiology/physiopathology/*virology MH - Female MH - Fetus/abnormalities/physiopathology/*virology MH - Humans MH - Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins MH - Pregnancy MH - Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism MH - Retinoblastoma Protein/metabolism MH - Rubella/metabolism/*physiopathology MH - Rubella virus/genetics/metabolism/*pathogenicity RF - 72 EDAT- 2004/07/20 05:00 MHDA- 2005/02/03 09:00 CRDT- 2004/07/20 05:00 PHST- 2004/07/20 05:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2005/02/03 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2004/07/20 05:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1002/bdra.20045 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol. 2004 Jul;70(7):431-7. doi: 10.1002/bdra.20045. PMID- 34975080 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20220104 LR - 20220104 IS - 0019-557X (Print) IS - 0019-557X (Linking) VI - 65 IP - 4 DP - 2021 Oct-Dec TI - Standardization of an in-house multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction for the simultaneous detection of Toxoplasma gondii, Rubella virus, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex Virus 1 and 2, and Treponema pallidum infection among pregnant women. PG - 369-374 LID - 10.4103/ijph.IJPH_1271_20 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: An in-house multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was developed in two cocktails for the identification of six Toxoplasma gondii, Rubella virus, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus (1 and 2), and Treponema pallidum (syphilis) (TORCH-S) agents, which causes congenital infection among pregnant women. OBJECTIVE: Standardization and validation of an in-house multiplex real-time PCR assay for the detection of TORCH-S infection. METHODS: This study was conducted from February 2017 to February 2019. Primers specific for T. gondii, Rubella virus, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus (1 and 2), and T. pallidum were designed using Primer3 software (https://bioinfo.ut.ee/primer3-0.4.0/). The primer sequences obtained were subjected to BLAST analysis using BLAST database. Synthetic DNA was obtained to use as positive control templates for all the six TORCH-S agents. The lower limit of the detection was performed using plasmid construct for each virus serially diluted from 10(-1) to 10(-9). RESULTS: An in-house multiplex real-time PCR was standardized and validated in two cocktails for TORCH-S agents, cocktail-1 (HSV1, rubella, and T. gondii), and cocktail-2 (HSV2, CMV, and T. pallidum). The lower limit of the detection for HSV1, rubella, and Toxoplasma were 60.7 copies/10 μl input, 76.4 copies/10 μl input, and 34.4 copies/10 μl input and for HSV2, CMV, and T. pallidum were 80.8 copies/10 μl input, 166 copies/10 μl input, and 43.7 copies/10 μl input, respectively. CONCLUSION: TORCH-S infection is one of the significant reasons for irregular pregnant outcomes. It is absolutely important to screen TORCH-S infection for women who had the histories of abnormal pregnancies to prevent birth defects and perinatal complications. This multiplex real-time PCR assay provides a rapid, sensitive, and specific technique to detect these six TORCH-S agents. FAU - Rajendiran, Prashanth AU - Rajendiran P AD - Sri Sakthi Amma Institute of Biomedical Research, Sri Narayani Hospital and Research Centre, Sripuram, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India. FAU - Saravanan, Nithiyanandan AU - Saravanan N AD - Sri Sakthi Amma Institute of Biomedical Research, Sri Narayani Hospital and Research Centre, Sripuram, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India. FAU - Ramamurthy, Mageshbabu AU - Ramamurthy M AD - Sri Sakthi Amma Institute of Biomedical Research, Sri Narayani Hospital and Research Centre, Sripuram, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India. FAU - Sankar, Sathish AU - Sankar S AD - Sri Sakthi Amma Institute of Biomedical Research, Sri Narayani Hospital and Research Centre, Sripuram, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India. FAU - Aruliah, Rajasekar AU - Aruliah R AD - Environmental Molecular Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkadu, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India. FAU - Nandagopal, Balaji AU - Nandagopal B AD - Sri Sakthi Amma Institute of Biomedical Research, Sri Narayani Hospital and Research Centre, Sripuram, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India. FAU - Sridharan, Gopalan AU - Sridharan G AD - Sri Sakthi Amma Institute of Biomedical Research, Sri Narayani Hospital and Research Centre, Sripuram, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PL - India TA - Indian J Public Health JT - Indian journal of public health JID - 0400673 SB - IM MH - Cytomegalovirus MH - Female MH - Globus Pallidus MH - *Herpesvirus 1, Human MH - Humans MH - India MH - Pregnancy MH - *Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/diagnosis MH - Pregnant Women MH - Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction MH - Reference Standards MH - *Rubella/diagnosis MH - Rubella virus/genetics MH - *Toxoplasma/genetics MH - *Toxoplasmosis/diagnosis MH - Treponema pallidum/genetics OTO - NOTNLM OT - High-risk pregnancy OT - Rubella virus OT - Toxoplasma gondii OT - cytomegalovirus OT - herpes simplex virus (1 and 2) and Treponema pallidum (syphilis) infections OT - real-time polymerase chain reaction COIS- None EDAT- 2022/01/04 06:00 MHDA- 2022/01/05 06:00 CRDT- 2022/01/03 05:30 PHST- 2022/01/03 05:30 [entrez] PHST- 2022/01/04 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/01/05 06:00 [medline] AID - IndianJPublicHealth_2021_65_4_369_333971 [pii] AID - 10.4103/ijph.IJPH_1271_20 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Indian J Public Health. 2021 Oct-Dec;65(4):369-374. doi: 10.4103/ijph.IJPH_1271_20. PMID- 28982820 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20180608 LR - 20190202 IS - 2044-6055 (Electronic) IS - 2044-6055 (Linking) VI - 7 IP - 10 DP - 2017 Oct 5 TI - Rubella virus infection and associated factors among pregnant women attending the antenatal care clinics of public hospitals in Hawassa City, Southern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. PG - e016824 LID - 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016824 [doi] LID - e016824 AB - OBJECTIVE: To assess the seroprevalence of recent/acute and past exposure to rubella virus infection and associated risk factors among pregnant women. DESIGN: A hospital-based cross-sectional study. SETTING: The study was conducted in two public hospitals in Hawassa City, Southern Ethiopia. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 422 pregnant women attending antenatal care clinics were selected using a systematic random sampling technique from March to June 2016. OUTCOME MEASURES: Data on sociodemography and related factors were collected using a structured questionnaire. Blood samples were also collected from each study participant and tested for antirubella IgM and IgG antibodies using ELISA. IgG seropositivity indicates past exposure to rubella (protective immunity). IgM seropositivity indicates recent exposure to rubella (or reinfection). RESULTS: The seroprevalence of antirubella IgM and IgG antibodies was 2.1% and 86.3%, respectively. Thus, the rate of susceptibility to rubella virus infection among pregnant women was found to be 13.7%. A significant association between residence site and IgG seropositivity was observed, where urban dwellers had higher past rubella exposure compared with rural residents (crude OR 6.3; 95% CI 3.29 to 12.14, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The high rate of rubella exposure and its similar distribution by sociodemography (except residence site) suggests the continuous transmission and endemicity of the infection in the study area. These findings emphasise the importance of introducing rubella-containing vaccine into routine childhood immunisation programme and vaccinating susceptible women of childbearing age. CI - © Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2017. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted. FAU - Tamirat, Biniam AU - Tamirat B AD - Southern Nation and Nationalities People's Regional Health Bureau, Hawassa, Ethiopia. FAU - Hussen, Siraj AU - Hussen S AD - Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Hawassa College of Health Sciences, Southern Nations and Nationalities Peoples' Region, Hawassa, Ethiopia. FAU - Shimelis, Techalew AU - Shimelis T AD - Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Multicenter Study DEP - 20171005 TA - BMJ Open JT - BMJ open JID - 101552874 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin G) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin M) SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Antibodies, Viral/*blood MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - Ethiopia/epidemiology MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Immunoglobulin G/*blood MH - Immunoglobulin M/*blood MH - Logistic Models MH - Pregnancy MH - Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/*epidemiology/virology MH - Prenatal Care MH - Risk Factors MH - Rubella/*epidemiology/immunology MH - Rubella virus MH - Seroepidemiologic Studies MH - Young Adult PMC - PMC5640054 OTO - NOTNLM OT - exposure OT - hawassa city OT - pregnant women OT - rubella OT - sero-prevalence COIS- Competing interests: None declared. EDAT- 2017/10/07 06:00 MHDA- 2018/06/09 06:00 CRDT- 2017/10/07 06:00 PHST- 2017/10/07 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2017/10/07 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2018/06/09 06:00 [medline] AID - bmjopen-2017-016824 [pii] AID - 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016824 [doi] PST - epublish SO - BMJ Open. 2017 Oct 5;7(10):e016824. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016824. PMID- 31405163 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20200511 LR - 20200511 IS - 2073-4409 (Electronic) IS - 2073-4409 (Linking) VI - 8 IP - 8 DP - 2019 Aug 10 TI - Teratogenic Rubella Virus Alters the Endodermal Differentiation Capacity of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. LID - 10.3390/cells8080870 [doi] LID - 870 AB - The study of congenital virus infections in humans requires suitable ex vivo platforms for the species-specific events during embryonal development. A prominent example for these infections is rubella virus (RV) which most commonly leads to defects in ear, heart, and eye development. We applied teratogenic RV to human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) followed by differentiation into cells of the three embryonic lineages (ecto-, meso-, and endoderm) as a cell culture model for blastocyst- and gastrulation-like stages. In the presence of RV, lineage-specific differentiation markers were expressed, indicating that lineage identity was maintained. However, portrait analysis of the transcriptomic expression signatures of all samples revealed that mock- and RV-infected endodermal cells were less related to each other than their ecto- and mesodermal counterparts. Markers for definitive endoderm were increased during RV infection. Profound alterations of the epigenetic landscape including the expression level of components of the chromatin remodeling complexes and an induction of type III interferons were found, especially after endodermal differentiation of RV-infected iPSCs. Moreover, the eye field transcription factors RAX and SIX3 and components of the gene set vasculogenesis were identified as dysregulated transcripts. Although iPSC morphology was maintained, the formation of embryoid bodies as three-dimensional cell aggregates and as such cellular adhesion capacity was impaired during RV infection. The correlation of the molecular alterations induced by RV during differentiation of iPSCs with the clinical signs of congenital rubella syndrome suggests mechanisms of viral impairment of human development. FAU - Bilz, Nicole C AU - Bilz NC AD - Institute of Virology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. FAU - Willscher, Edith AU - Willscher E AD - Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, 04107 Leipzig, Germany. FAU - Binder, Hans AU - Binder H AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2242-4678 AD - Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, 04107 Leipzig, Germany. FAU - Böhnke, Janik AU - Böhnke J AD - Institute of Virology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. FAU - Stanifer, Megan L AU - Stanifer ML AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5606-1297 AD - Schaller Research Group at CellNetworks, Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. FAU - Hübner, Denise AU - Hübner D AD - Institute of Virology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. FAU - Boulant, Steeve AU - Boulant S AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8614-4993 AD - Schaller Research Group at CellNetworks, Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. AD - Research Group "Cellular Polarity and Viral Infection" (F140), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. FAU - Liebert, Uwe G AU - Liebert UG AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5129-0875 AD - Institute of Virology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. FAU - Claus, Claudia AU - Claus C AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4962-6568 AD - Institute of Virology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. claudia.claus@medizin.uni-leipzig.de. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20190810 TA - Cells JT - Cells JID - 101600052 RN - 0 (Teratogens) SB - IM MH - A549 Cells MH - Animals MH - Blastocyst/*metabolism/pathology MH - Cell Culture Techniques/methods MH - Cell Differentiation MH - Embryonic Development MH - Epigenesis, Genetic MH - Germ Layers/*metabolism/pathology MH - Humans MH - Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/*metabolism/pathology MH - Rubella Syndrome, Congenital/*metabolism MH - Rubella virus/*pathogenicity MH - Teratogens/*toxicity PMC - PMC6721684 OTO - NOTNLM OT - *TGF-β and Wnt/β-catenin pathway OT - *ectoderm OT - *embryogenesis OT - *embryoid body OT - *epigenetic signature OT - *human development OT - *interferon response OT - *interferon-induced genes OT - *mesoderm OT - *self-organizing map (SOM) data portrayal COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. EDAT- 2019/08/14 06:00 MHDA- 2020/05/12 06:00 CRDT- 2019/08/14 06:00 PHST- 2019/07/14 00:00 [received] PHST- 2019/08/06 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2019/08/07 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2019/08/14 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2019/08/14 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/05/12 06:00 [medline] AID - cells8080870 [pii] AID - cells-08-00870 [pii] AID - 10.3390/cells8080870 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Cells. 2019 Aug 10;8(8):870. doi: 10.3390/cells8080870. PMID- 35046632 OWN - NLM STAT- In-Data-Review LR - 20220121 IS - 1098-0997 (Electronic) IS - 1064-7449 (Print) IS - 1064-7449 (Linking) VI - 2022 DP - 2022 TI - The Screening of Rubella Virus, Cytomegalovirus, Hepatitis B Virus, and Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies in Prepregnancy and Reproductive-Age Women in Tabriz, Iran. PG - 4490728 LID - 10.1155/2022/4490728 [doi] LID - 4490728 AB - OBJECTIVES: The organisms of Toxoplasma gondii, Rubella virus, Cytomegalovirus, and Herpes simplex virus as an acronym of TORCH are major pathogens in prepregnancy and reproductive-age women. These microorganisms are considered a serious problem and cause 2-3% of all birth defects in the fetus. Our study was aimed at screening the seroprevalence of TORCH antibodies among prepregnancy and reproductive-age women in Tabriz, Iran. Design and Setting. This study was carried out in 2726 prepregnancy and reproductive-age women, who were referred to the laboratory for prenatal TORCH screening. To detect the presence of IgG, IgM antibodies and Hepatitis B surface antigen against these microorganisms were carried out using a chemiluminescence immunoassay analyzer (CLIA). RESULTS: In the current study, the rates of anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG, anti-Rubella virus IgG, and anti-Cytomegalovirus IgG were found in 722 cases (26.5%), 2579 cases (94.6%0), and 2718 cases (99.7%), respectively. Moreover, the rates of anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgM, anti-Rubella virus IgM, and anti-Cytomegalovirus IgM were discovered in 10 cases (0.4%), 13 cases (0.5%), and 16 cases (0.6%), respectively. The Hepatitis B surface antigen was found in 32 cases (1.2%). The dissemination of positive TORCH in various ages was different (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In our study, the seroprevalence of acute TORCH infections was relatively low. Due to the probability of vertical transmission to the fetus during pregnancy and the unpleasant complication of these pathogens, it is essential to be screened for detection of specific IgG and IgM antibodies in reproductive ages. CI - Copyright © 2022 Edris Nabizadeh et al. FAU - Nabizadeh, Edris AU - Nabizadeh E AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8192-8382 AD - Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. FAU - Ghotaslou, Anahita AU - Ghotaslou A AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1603-1632 AD - Student Research Center, Medipol University, Ankara, Turkey. FAU - Salahi, Behnaz AU - Salahi B AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6672-1922 AD - Razi Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. FAU - Ghotaslou, Reza AU - Ghotaslou R AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4762-3558 AD - Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20220110 TA - Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol JT - Infectious diseases in obstetrics and gynecology JID - 9318481 SB - IM PMC - PMC8763548 COIS- The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest. EDAT- 2022/01/21 06:00 MHDA- 2022/01/21 06:00 CRDT- 2022/01/20 05:58 PHST- 2021/10/27 00:00 [received] PHST- 2021/12/27 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2022/01/20 05:58 [entrez] PHST- 2022/01/21 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/01/21 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.1155/2022/4490728 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 2022 Jan 10;2022:4490728. doi: 10.1155/2022/4490728. eCollection 2022. PMID- 21897135 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20120126 LR - 20141120 IS - 1536-9617 (Electronic) IS - 0020-8167 (Linking) VI - 51 IP - 4 DP - 2011 Fall TI - Fuchs heterochromic iridocyclitis and the rubella virus. PG - 1-12 LID - 10.1097/IIO.0b013e31822d6923 [doi] FAU - Liu, Yao AU - Liu Y FAU - Takusagawa, Hana L AU - Takusagawa HL FAU - Chen, Teresa C AU - Chen TC FAU - Pasquale, Louis R AU - Pasquale LR LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review PL - United States TA - Int Ophthalmol Clin JT - International ophthalmology clinics JID - 0374731 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) SB - IM MH - Anterior Eye Segment/*virology MH - Antibodies, Viral/analysis MH - Diagnosis, Differential MH - *Eye Infections, Viral/diagnosis/epidemiology/virology MH - Global Health MH - Humans MH - *Iridocyclitis/diagnosis/epidemiology/virology MH - Prevalence MH - *Rubella/diagnosis/epidemiology/virology MH - Rubella virus/*immunology EDAT- 2011/09/08 06:00 MHDA- 2012/01/27 06:00 CRDT- 2011/09/08 06:00 PHST- 2011/09/08 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2011/09/08 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2012/01/27 06:00 [medline] AID - 00004397-201105140-00003 [pii] AID - 10.1097/IIO.0b013e31822d6923 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Int Ophthalmol Clin. 2011 Fall;51(4):1-12. doi: 10.1097/IIO.0b013e31822d6923. PMID- 15673946 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20050715 LR - 20051116 IS - 0125-9326 (Print) IS - 0125-9326 (Linking) VI - 36 IP - 2 DP - 2004 Apr-Jun TI - Infection of rubella virus in pregnancy. PG - 117-20 FAU - Pohan, Herdiman T AU - Pohan HT AD - Division of Tropical-Infectious, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia-Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central General Hospital, Jakarta. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review PL - Indonesia TA - Acta Med Indones JT - Acta medica Indonesiana JID - 7901042 RN - 0 (Viral Vaccines) SB - IM MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Pregnancy MH - *Pregnancy Complications, Infectious MH - Rubella/*diagnosis/epidemiology/physiopathology/*prevention & control MH - Rubella virus/*isolation & purification MH - Viral Vaccines/therapeutic use RF - 7 EDAT- 2005/01/28 09:00 MHDA- 2005/07/16 09:00 CRDT- 2005/01/28 09:00 PHST- 2005/01/28 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2005/07/16 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2005/01/28 09:00 [entrez] AID - 040579197 [pii] PST - ppublish SO - Acta Med Indones. 2004 Apr-Jun;36(2):117-20. PMID- 22911874 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20130222 LR - 20211021 IS - 1932-6203 (Electronic) IS - 1932-6203 (Linking) VI - 7 IP - 7 DP - 2012 TI - Rubella epidemics and genotypic distribution of the rubella virus in Shandong Province, China, in 1999-2010. PG - e42013 LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0042013 [doi] LID - e42013 AB - BACKGROUND: The rubella vaccine was introduced into the immunization program in 1995 in the Shandong province, China. A series of different rubella vaccination strategies were implemented at different stages of measles control in Shandong province. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The average reported incidence rate of rubella cases remained at a low level in Shandong province after 1999. However, rubella epidemics occurred repeatedly in 2001/2002, 2006, and 2008/2009. The age of the onset of rubella cases gradually increased during 1999-2010, which showed that most cases were found among the 10 years old in 1999 and among the 17 years old in 2010. Phylogenetic analysis was performed and a phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the World Health Organization standard sequence window for rubella virus isolates. All rubella viruses isolated in Shandong province were divided into 4 genotypes: 1E, 1F, 2A, and 2B. Genotype 1E viruses accounted for the majority (79%) of all these viruses. The similarity of nucleotide and amino acid sequences among genotype 1E viruses was 98.2-100% and 99.1-100%, respectively. All Shandong genotype 1E strains, differed from international genotype 1E strains, belonged to cluster 1 and interdigitated with the viruses from other provinces in mainland China. The effective number of infections indicated by a bayesian skyline plot remained constant from 2001 to 2009. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The gradual shift of disease burden to an older age group occurred after a rubella-containing vaccine was introduced into the childhood immunization schedule in 1995 in Shandong province. Four genotypes, including 1E, 1F, 2A, and 2B, were found in Shandong province during 2000-2009. Genotype 1E, rather than genotype 1F, became the predominant genotype circulating in Shandong province from 2001. All Shandong genotype 1E viruses belong to the genotype 1E/cluster 1; they have constantly circulated, and co-evolved and co-circulated, with those from other provinces. FAU - Wang, Changyin AU - Wang C AD - Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jingshi Road, Jinan, People's Republic of China. FAU - Zhu, Zhen AU - Zhu Z FAU - Xu, Qing AU - Xu Q FAU - Xu, Aiqiang AU - Xu A FAU - Fang, Xueqiang AU - Fang X FAU - Song, Lizhi AU - Song L FAU - Li, Weixiu AU - Li W FAU - Xiong, Ping AU - Xiong P FAU - Xu, Wenbo AU - Xu W LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20120724 TA - PLoS One JT - PloS one JID - 101285081 SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Age Distribution MH - Base Sequence MH - Bayes Theorem MH - Child MH - China/epidemiology MH - Epidemics/*statistics & numerical data MH - Genotype MH - Health Surveys/statistics & numerical data MH - Humans MH - Phylogeny MH - Rubella/*epidemiology/*virology MH - Rubella virus/*genetics/isolation & purification MH - World Health Organization MH - Young Adult PMC - PMC3404038 COIS- Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. EDAT- 2012/08/23 06:00 MHDA- 2013/02/23 06:00 CRDT- 2012/08/23 06:00 PHST- 2012/03/14 00:00 [received] PHST- 2012/06/29 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2012/08/23 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2012/08/23 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2013/02/23 06:00 [medline] AID - PONE-D-11-08927 [pii] AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0042013 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - PLoS One. 2012;7(7):e42013. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042013. Epub 2012 Jul 24. PMID- 17999132 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20080115 LR - 20160707 IS - 1436-9990 (Print) IS - 1436-9990 (Linking) VI - 50 IP - 11 DP - 2007 Nov TI - [Measles, mumps and rubella virus infection in pregnancy. Possible adverse effects on pregnant women, pregnancy outcome and the fetus]. PG - 1393-8 AB - Measles, mumps and rubella are common childhood diseases. Therefore, frequent and intense contact with children of preschool age may be associated with a higher infection risk for childcare providers. This overview summarizes current knowledge on possible adverse effects of these infections on pregnant women, pregnancy outcome and the fetus. Acute rubella or mumps virus infections are apparently not more severe in pregnant than non-pregnant women. In contrast, measles virus infection in pregnancy is linked to a higher incidence of pneumonitis and hospitalization. Evidence of congenital defects due to fetal infection is only provided in case of rubella virus infection in early pregnancy. Following rubella virus infection in the first trimester an increased fetal loss rate was reported. In 1966, a prospective study showed also a significant association between maternal mumps in the first trimester and an increased risk of abortion. But other investigators could not confirm this association. Measles and rubella but not mumps virus infections are linked to an increased premature birth rate. Occurring in late pregnancy, all three infections can result in birth of an infected infant. But severe disease occurs rarely and is mostly reported for premature infants with early neonatal measles. Preventive measures, aimed to reduce the risk of infection or severe complications for pregnant childcare providers, should consider the individual history of the employee (e.g. previous immunizations or antibody test results), the current epidemiological situation and possible interventions like passive immunization in case of exposure to measles. FAU - Enders, M AU - Enders M AD - Enders und Partner, Stuttgart, BRD. menders@labor-enders.de FAU - Biber, M AU - Biber M FAU - Exler, S AU - Exler S LA - ger PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article PT - Review TT - Masern, Mumps und Röteln in der Schwangerschaft. Mögliche Auswirkungen auf Mutter, Schwangerschaft und Fetus. PL - Germany TA - Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz JT - Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz JID - 101181368 SB - IM MH - Female MH - Germany/epidemiology MH - Humans MH - Infant, Newborn MH - *Maternal-Fetal Exchange MH - Measles/congenital/*epidemiology MH - Mumps/congenital/*epidemiology MH - Pregnancy MH - Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/*epidemiology MH - Pregnancy Outcome/*epidemiology MH - Prevalence MH - Risk Assessment/*methods MH - Risk Factors MH - Rubella/congenital/*epidemiology RF - 42 EDAT- 2007/11/14 09:00 MHDA- 2008/01/16 09:00 CRDT- 2007/11/14 09:00 PHST- 2007/11/14 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2008/01/16 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2007/11/14 09:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1007/s00103-007-0195-9 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2007 Nov;50(11):1393-8. doi: 10.1007/s00103-007-0195-9. PMID- 30607663 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20191126 LR - 20210109 IS - 1573-2592 (Electronic) IS - 0271-9142 (Print) IS - 0271-9142 (Linking) VI - 39 IP - 1 DP - 2019 Jan TI - Rubella Virus-Associated Cutaneous Granulomatous Disease: a Unique Complication in Immune-Deficient Patients, Not Limited to DNA Repair Disorders. PG - 81-89 LID - 10.1007/s10875-018-0581-0 [doi] AB - The association of immunodeficiency-related vaccine-derived rubella virus (iVDRV) with cutaneous and visceral granulomatous disease has been reported in patients with primary immunodeficiency disorders (PIDs). The majority of these PID patients with rubella-positive granulomas had DNA repair disorders. To support this line of inquiry, we provide additional descriptive data on seven previously reported patients with Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS) (n = 3) and ataxia telangiectasia (AT) (n = 4) as well as eight previously unreported patients with iVDRV-induced cutaneous granulomas and DNA repair disorders including NBS (n = 1), AT (n = 5), DNA ligase 4 deficiency (n = 1), and Artemis deficiency (n = 1). We also provide descriptive data on several previously unreported PID patients with iVDRV-induced cutaneous granulomas including cartilage hair hypoplasia (n = 1), warts, hypogammaglobulinemia, immunodeficiency, myelokathexis (WHIM) syndrome (n = 1), MHC class II deficiency (n = 1), Coronin-1A deficiency (n = 1), X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (X-SCID) (n = 1), and combined immunodeficiency without a molecular diagnosis (n = 1). At the time of this report, the median age of the patients with skin granulomas and DNA repair disorders was 9 years (range 3-18). Cutaneous granulomas have been documented in all, while visceral granulomas were observed in six cases (40%). All patients had received rubella virus vaccine. The median duration of time elapsed from vaccination to the development of cutaneous granulomas was 48 months (range 2-152). Hematopoietic cell transplantation was reported to result in scarring resolution of cutaneous granulomas in two patients with NBS, one patient with AT, one patient with Artemis deficiency, one patient with DNA Ligase 4 deficiency, one patient with MHC class II deficiency, and one patient with combined immunodeficiency without a known molecular etiology. Of the previously reported and unreported cases, the majority share the diagnosis of a DNA repair disorder. Analysis of additional patients with this complication may clarify determinants of rubella pathogenesis, identify specific immune defects resulting in chronic infection, and may lead to defect-specific therapies. FAU - Buchbinder, David AU - Buchbinder D AD - Department of Pediatric Hematology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, 1201 W. La Veta Avenue, Orange, CA, 92868, USA. dbuchbinder@choc.org. AD - Department of Pediatrics, University of California at Irvine, Orange, CA, USA. dbuchbinder@choc.org. FAU - Hauck, Fabian AU - Hauck F AD - Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany. FAU - Albert, Michael H AU - Albert MH AD - Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany. FAU - Rack, Anita AU - Rack A AD - Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany. FAU - Bakhtiar, Shahrzad AU - Bakhtiar S AD - Division for Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany. FAU - Shcherbina, Anna AU - Shcherbina A AD - Department of Immunology, Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center for Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia. FAU - Deripapa, Elena AU - Deripapa E AD - Department of Immunology, Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center for Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia. FAU - Sullivan, Kathleen E AU - Sullivan KE AD - Division of Allergy Immunology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA. FAU - Perelygina, Ludmila AU - Perelygina L AD - Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. FAU - Eloit, Marc AU - Eloit M AD - Biology of Infection Unit, Pathogen Discovery Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France. FAU - Neven, Bénédicte AU - Neven B AD - Unité d'Immunologie-Hématologie et Rhumatologie Pédiatriques, Hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France. AD - INSERM U116 and Institut Imagine, Université Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France. FAU - Pérot, Philippe AU - Pérot P AD - Biology of Infection Unit, Pathogen Discovery Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France. AD - Centre d'innovation et de Recherche Technologique (Citech), Institut Pasteur, Paris, France. FAU - Moshous, Despina AU - Moshous D AD - Unité d'Immunologie-Hématologie et Rhumatologie Pédiatriques, Hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France. AD - INSERM U116 and Institut Imagine, Université Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France. FAU - Suarez, Félipe AU - Suarez F AD - Unité d'hématologie adulte, Hopital Necker-Enfants-Malades, AP-HP, INSERM U116 & Institut Imagine, Université Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France. FAU - Bodemer, Christine AU - Bodemer C AD - Service de dermatologie pédiatrique, Hopital Necker-Enfants-Malades, AP-HP, INSERM U116 & Institut Imagine, Université Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France. FAU - Bonilla, Francisco A AU - Bonilla FA AD - Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. FAU - Vaz, Louise E AU - Vaz LE AD - Department of Infectious Disease, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA. FAU - Krol, Alfons L AU - Krol AL AD - Department of Dermatology, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA. FAU - Klein, Christoph AU - Klein C AD - Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany. FAU - Seppanen, Mikko AU - Seppanen M AD - Rare Disease Center, Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. FAU - Nugent, Diane J AU - Nugent DJ AD - Department of Pediatric Hematology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, 1201 W. La Veta Avenue, Orange, CA, 92868, USA. AD - Department of Pediatrics, University of California at Irvine, Orange, CA, USA. FAU - Singh, Jasjit AU - Singh J AD - Department of Pediatrics, University of California at Irvine, Orange, CA, USA. AD - Department of Infectious Disease, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, CA, USA. FAU - Ochs, Hans D AU - Ochs HD AD - Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. LA - eng GR - CC999999/ImCDC/Intramural CDC HHS/United States GR - R21 AI130967/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article DEP - 20190103 TA - J Clin Immunol JT - Journal of clinical immunology JID - 8102137 RN - Cartilage-hair hypoplasia SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Ataxia Telangiectasia/genetics/virology MH - Child MH - Child, Preschool MH - DNA Repair/*genetics MH - Female MH - Granuloma/*complications/genetics/*virology MH - Hair/abnormalities/virology MH - Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/methods MH - Hirschsprung Disease/genetics/virology MH - Humans MH - Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/*complications/genetics/virology MH - Male MH - Nijmegen Breakage Syndrome/genetics/virology MH - Osteochondrodysplasias/congenital/genetics/virology MH - Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases MH - Rubella/genetics/virology MH - Rubella virus/*pathogenicity MH - Skin/virology MH - Skin Diseases/*etiology/genetics/*virology MH - X-Linked Combined Immunodeficiency Diseases/genetics/virology PMC - PMC7739844 MID - NIHMS1596521 OTO - NOTNLM OT - *Artemis deficiency OT - *DNA ligase 4 deficiency OT - *Nijmegen breakage syndrome OT - *ataxia telangiectasia OT - *chronic rubella infection resulting in cutaneous granuloma formation OT - *combined immunodeficiency COIS- Conflicts of Interest The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. EDAT- 2019/01/05 06:00 MHDA- 2019/11/27 06:00 CRDT- 2019/01/05 06:00 PHST- 2018/07/13 00:00 [received] PHST- 2018/12/05 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2019/01/05 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2019/11/27 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2019/01/05 06:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1007/s10875-018-0581-0 [pii] AID - 10.1007/s10875-018-0581-0 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Clin Immunol. 2019 Jan;39(1):81-89. doi: 10.1007/s10875-018-0581-0. Epub 2019 Jan 3. PMID- 21064224 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20110106 LR - 20200716 IS - 0372-9311 (Print) IS - 0372-9311 (Linking) IP - 5 DP - 2010 Sep-Oct TI - [Quick test for measurement of rubella virus titer in virus-containing fluid using RT-PCR]. PG - 57-62 AB - AIM: To develop method of rubella virus titer measurement in virus-containing fluid using real-time PCR (RT-PCR) with fluorescent detection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Measurement of infectious titer of rubella virus (Wistar RA 27/3 strain) cultivated on Vero cells was performed simultaneously by RT-PCR and cytopathic effect assay (CEA) on PK-13 cell culture and then results obtained by each method were compared. RESULTS: Time interval after inoculation, in which difference between virus titer measured by both methods did not exceed 0.3 1gTCD50/ml (value acceptable by WHO), was 2 - 7 days. Pearson correlation coefficient between two values for the mentioned interval was close to 1, which point to good agreement of results. In control sample--international vaccine standard of rubella virus--difference in virus titer determined by RT-PCR and CEA was within 0.2 1gTCD50/ml that lower than value acceptable by WHO. CONCLUSION: Method for measurement of rubella virus titer in virus-containing fluid using RT-PCR was developed, which characterized by high specificity, sensitivity, standard performing, shorter time needed for procedure compared with classic methods and, at the same time, high correlation of its results with results obtained by the latter methods during defined time interval. FAU - Zabiiaka, Iu I AU - Zabiiaka IuI FAU - Faĭzuloev, E B AU - Faĭzuloev EB FAU - Borisova, T K AU - Borisova TK FAU - Nikonova, A A AU - Nikonova AA FAU - Zverev, V V AU - Zverev VV LA - rus PT - Journal Article PL - Russia (Federation) TA - Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol JT - Zhurnal mikrobiologii, epidemiologii i immunobiologii JID - 0415217 RN - 0 (DNA Primers) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Cell Line MH - Chlorocebus aethiops MH - DNA Primers MH - Fluorescence MH - Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods MH - Rabbits MH - Rubella/*diagnosis/virology MH - Rubella virus/*isolation & purification MH - Sensitivity and Specificity MH - Vero Cells MH - Viral Load/*methods EDAT- 2010/11/11 06:00 MHDA- 2011/01/07 06:00 CRDT- 2010/11/11 06:00 PHST- 2010/11/11 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2010/11/11 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2011/01/07 06:00 [medline] PST - ppublish SO - Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol. 2010 Sep-Oct;(5):57-62. PMID- 30237054 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20190924 LR - 20190925 IS - 1872-7905 (Electronic) IS - 0022-1759 (Linking) VI - 463 DP - 2018 Dec TI - Comparison of three immunoassays for determination of immunity to rubella virus in healthcare workers. PG - 84-88 LID - S0022-1759(18)30240-0 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.jim.2018.09.010 [doi] AB - Rubella virus is a critical infectious pathogen to healthcare workers but is preventable by vaccination. In this study, we used three immunoassays - LIAISON Rubella IgG, ARCHITECT Rubella IgG, and AtheNA Multi-Lyte MMRV IgG - to detect rubella virus IgG and tested 182 serum specimens. The percentage of positives with the three Rubella tests were as follows: LIAISON, 71.9%; ARCHITECT, 83.5%; and AtheNA, 99.5%. The three assays showed an overall agreement rate of 71.9%. The rates of seropositive detection with LIAISON, ARCHITECT, and AtheNA among healthcare workers with and without self-reporting history of past infection or vaccination were 70.7% and 90.9%, 83.6% and 81.8%, and 99.4% and 100%, respectively. The three immunoassays showed a low agreement rate for rubella virus IgG. Therefore, choosing accurate and appropriate IgG assay methods is very important for effective infection control and prevention. CI - Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. FAU - Jo, Su-Yeon AU - Jo SY AD - Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, 20 Geumo-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea. FAU - Shin, Kyung-Hwa AU - Shin KH AD - Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, 179 Gudeok-ro, Seo-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: skyoungh@pusan.ac.kr. FAU - Lee, Sun Min AU - Lee SM AD - Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, 20 Geumo-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: yaong97@paran.com. FAU - Jeong, Eun-Young AU - Jeong EY AD - Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, 20 Geumo-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea. FAU - Lee, Hyun-Ji AU - Lee HJ AD - Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, 20 Geumo-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea. FAU - Chang, Chulhun L AU - Chang CL AD - Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, 20 Geumo-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: cchl@pusan.ac.kr. LA - eng PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20180917 PL - Netherlands TA - J Immunol Methods JT - Journal of immunological methods JID - 1305440 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin G) RN - 0 (rubella antibodies) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Antibodies, Viral/*blood MH - Female MH - *Health Personnel MH - Humans MH - Immunoassay/methods MH - Immunoglobulin G/*blood MH - Male MH - Reproducibility of Results MH - Rubella/*blood MH - *Rubella virus OTO - NOTNLM OT - *Healthcare OT - *Immunoassay OT - *Rubella virus EDAT- 2018/09/22 06:00 MHDA- 2019/09/26 06:00 CRDT- 2018/09/22 06:00 PHST- 2018/07/11 00:00 [received] PHST- 2018/09/14 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2018/09/14 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2018/09/22 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2019/09/26 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2018/09/22 06:00 [entrez] AID - S0022-1759(18)30240-0 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.jim.2018.09.010 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Immunol Methods. 2018 Dec;463:84-88. doi: 10.1016/j.jim.2018.09.010. Epub 2018 Sep 17. PMID- 34975859 OWN - NLM STAT- In-Process LR - 20220119 IS - 1664-3224 (Electronic) IS - 1664-3224 (Linking) VI - 12 DP - 2021 TI - The Impact of Rubella Virus Infection on a Secondary Inflammatory Response in Polarized Human Macrophages. PG - 772595 LID - 10.3389/fimmu.2021.772595 [doi] LID - 772595 AB - Macrophages (MΦ) are known to exhibit distinct responses to viral and bacterial infection, but how they react when exposed to the pathogens in succession is less well understood. Accordingly, we determined the effect of a rubella virus (RV)-induced infection followed by an LPS-induced challenge on cytokine production, signal transduction and metabolic pathways in human GM (M1-like)- and M (M2-like)-MΦ. We found that infection of both subsets with RV resulted in a low TNF-α and a high interferon (IFN, type I and type III) release whereby M-MΦ produced far more IFNs than GM-MΦ. Thus, TNF-α production in contrast to IFN production is not a dominant feature of RV infection in these cells. Upon addition of LPS to RV-infected MΦ compared to the addition of LPS to the uninfected cells the TNF-α response only slightly increased, whereas the IFN-response of both subtypes was greatly enhanced. The subset specific cytokine expression pattern remained unchanged under these assay conditions. The priming effect of RV was also observed when replacing RV by IFN-β one putative priming stimulus induced by RV. Small amounts of IFN-β were sufficient for phosphorylation of Stat1 and to induce IFN-production in response to LPS. Analysis of signal transduction pathways activated by successive exposure of MΦ to RV and LPS revealed an increased phosphorylation of NFκB (M-MΦ), but different to uninfected MΦ a reduced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 (both subtypes). Furthermore, metabolic pathways were affected; the LPS-induced increase in glycolysis was dampened in both subtypes after RV infection. In conclusion, we show that RV infection and exogenously added IFN-β can prime MΦ to produce high amounts of IFNs in response to LPS and that changes in glycolysis and signal transduction are associated with the priming effect. These findings will help to understand to what extent MΦ defense to viral infection is modulated by a following exposure to a bacterial infection. CI - Copyright © 2021 Schilling, Grahnert, Pfeiffer, Koehl, Claus and Hauschildt. FAU - Schilling, Erik AU - Schilling E AD - Institute of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. FAU - Grahnert, Anja AU - Grahnert A AD - Institute of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. FAU - Pfeiffer, Lukas AU - Pfeiffer L AD - Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. FAU - Koehl, Ulrike AU - Koehl U AD - Institute of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. AD - Fraunhofer Institute for Cellular Therapeutics and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany. AD - Institute for Cellular Therapeutics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany. FAU - Claus, Claudia AU - Claus C AD - Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. FAU - Hauschildt, Sunna AU - Hauschildt S AD - Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20211216 TA - Front Immunol JT - Frontiers in immunology JID - 101560960 SB - IM PMC - PMC8716696 OTO - NOTNLM OT - *LPS OT - *TNF-α OT - *extracellular flux analysis OT - *interferon OT - *macrophage polarization OT - *metabolism COIS- The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. EDAT- 2022/01/04 06:00 MHDA- 2022/01/04 06:00 CRDT- 2022/01/03 05:38 PHST- 2021/09/08 00:00 [received] PHST- 2021/11/22 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2022/01/03 05:38 [entrez] PHST- 2022/01/04 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/01/04 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.3389/fimmu.2021.772595 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Front Immunol. 2021 Dec 16;12:772595. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.772595. eCollection 2021. PMID- 30282907 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20190418 LR - 20191210 IS - 1999-4915 (Electronic) IS - 1999-4915 (Linking) VI - 10 IP - 10 DP - 2018 Oct 3 TI - Rubella Virus Strain-Associated Differences in the Induction of Oxidative Stress Are Independent of Their Interferon Activation. LID - 10.3390/v10100540 [doi] LID - 540 AB - Rubella virus (RV) infection impacts cellular metabolic activity in a complex manner with strain-specific nutritional requirements. Here we addressed whether this differential metabolic influence was associated with differences in oxidative stress induction and subsequently with innate immune response activation. The low passaged clinical isolates of RV examined in this study induced oxidative stress as validated through generation of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) cytoplasmic hydrogen peroxide and mitochondrial superoxide. The addition of the cytoplasmic and mitochondrial ROS scavengers N-acetyl-l-cysteine and MitoTEMPO, respectively, reduced RV-associated cytopathogenicity and caspase activation. While the degree of oxidative stress induction varied among RV clinical isolates, the level of innate immune response and interferon-stimulated gene activation was comparable. The type III IFNs were highly upregulated in all cell culture systems tested. However, only pre-stimulation with IFN β slightly reduced RV replication indicating that RV appears to have evolved the ability to counteract innate immune response mechanisms. Through the data presented, we showed that the ability of RV to induce oxidative stress was independent of its capacity to stimulate and counteract the intrinsic innate immune response. FAU - Zobel, Sarah AU - Zobel S AD - Institute of Virology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. zobel.sarah@icloud.com. FAU - Lorenz, Mechthild AU - Lorenz M AD - Institute of Virology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. Mechthild.Lorenz@medizin.uni-leipzig.de. FAU - Frascaroli, Giada AU - Frascaroli G AD - Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Heinrich Pette Institute, 20251 Hamburg, Germany. giada.frascaroli@leibniz-hpi.de. FAU - Böhnke, Janik AU - Böhnke J AD - Institute of Virology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. janik.boehnke@gmail.com. FAU - Bilz, Nicole C AU - Bilz NC AD - Institute of Virology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. Christin.Emmrich@medizin.uni-leipzig.de. FAU - Stanifer, Megan L AU - Stanifer ML AD - Schaller Research Group at CellNetworks, Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. m.stanifer@dkfz-heidelberg.de. FAU - Boulant, Steeve AU - Boulant S AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8614-4993 AD - Schaller Research Group at CellNetworks, Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. s.boulant@Dkfz-Heidelberg.de. AD - Research Group "Cellular Polarity and Viral Infection" (F140), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. s.boulant@Dkfz-Heidelberg.de. FAU - Bergs, Sandra AU - Bergs S AD - Institute of Virology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. Sandra.Bergs@medizin.uni-leipzig.de. FAU - Liebert, Uwe G AU - Liebert UG AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5129-0875 AD - Institute of Virology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. liebert@medizin.uni-leipzig.de. FAU - Claus, Claudia AU - Claus C AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4962-6568 AD - Institute of Virology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. claudia.claus@medizin.uni-leipzig.de. LA - eng GR - CL 459/3-1/Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/International PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20181003 TA - Viruses JT - Viruses JID - 101509722 RN - 0 (Reactive Oxygen Species) RN - 11062-77-4 (Superoxides) RN - 77238-31-4 (Interferon-beta) RN - 9008-11-1 (Interferons) RN - BBX060AN9V (Hydrogen Peroxide) RN - WYQ7N0BPYC (Acetylcysteine) SB - IM MH - Acetylcysteine/pharmacology MH - Animals MH - Apoptosis/drug effects MH - Cells, Cultured MH - Chlorocebus aethiops MH - Epithelial Cells/metabolism/virology MH - Humans MH - Hydrogen Peroxide/metabolism MH - Immunity, Innate MH - Interferon-beta/metabolism/pharmacology MH - Interferons/*metabolism/pharmacology MH - Macrophages/metabolism/virology MH - Mitochondria/metabolism MH - *Oxidative Stress MH - Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism MH - Rubella/*immunology/*metabolism MH - Rubella virus/*isolation & purification/*metabolism MH - Superoxides/metabolism MH - Vero Cells MH - Virus Replication/drug effects PMC - PMC6213305 OTO - NOTNLM OT - *ISG15 OT - *MitoTEMPO OT - *N-acetyl-l-cysteine OT - *apoptosis OT - *caspase 3/7 OT - *interferon-stimulated gene OT - *macrophage OT - *viperin COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. EDAT- 2018/10/05 06:00 MHDA- 2019/04/19 06:00 CRDT- 2018/10/05 06:00 PHST- 2018/08/17 00:00 [received] PHST- 2018/09/26 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2018/09/28 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2018/10/05 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2018/10/05 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2019/04/19 06:00 [medline] AID - v10100540 [pii] AID - viruses-10-00540 [pii] AID - 10.3390/v10100540 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Viruses. 2018 Oct 3;10(10):540. doi: 10.3390/v10100540. PMID- 15234281 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20040831 LR - 20050118 IS - 0002-9394 (Print) IS - 0002-9394 (Linking) VI - 138 IP - 1 DP - 2004 Jul TI - Fuchs heterochromic cyclitis: rubella virus antibodies and genome in aqueous humor. PG - 46-54 AB - PURPOSE: To characterize the polyspecific intraocular antibody synthesis in aqueous humor of patients with chronic inflammatory diseases of the eye and to detect the causative antigen in Fuchs heterochromic cyclitis (FHC). DESIGN: Retrospective case-control study. METHODS: Intraocular antibody synthesis is detected in aqueous humor with the Antibody Index [AI] (improved Goldmann-Witmer Index) and quantified as specific antibody fraction, F(s) (intraocular specific antibody concentration in percent of intraocular total immunoglobulin G in aqueous humor). Virus detection is by nested polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Fifty-two eyes of 52 patients with clinically defined FHC (aged 16-73 years) had an intraocular synthesis of rubella antibodies (AI > or =1.5). The rubella genome was detected in 5 (18%) of 28 aqueous humor samples investigated, or in 5 (56%) of 9 patients aged <40 years. Oligoclonal IgG was synthesized in 34 (87%) of 39 eyes. Unaffected fellow eyes (n = 3) or cerebrospinal fluid (n = 2) were normal. In FHC the median rubella AI = 20.6 (total range 1.5-309) was seven times higher than in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients (n = 15) with uveitis intermedia or periphlebitis retinae. In MS the intraocular rubella antibody synthesis (frequency 73%) is part of a polyspecific immune response (increased measles AI in 80%, varicella zoster virus AI in 47%, herpes simplex virus AI in 23%). The median rubella-F(s) = 2.6% in FHC (range = 0.14%-45.9%) was approximately 40 times higher than in MS, consistent with a virus-driven antibody response in FHC. Noninflammatory controls (50 senile cataracts) had neither an intraocular rubella antibody synthesis (normal AI < or =1.4) nor rubella antigen in aqueous humor. The rubella AI was normal in all patients with an intraocular toxoplasmosis (n = 24), anterior uveitis (n = 27), herpes simplex virus iritis (n = 25), and varicella zoster virus iritis (n = 14). CONCLUSIONS: Fuchs heterochromic cyclitis is a rubella virus-driven disease with persistence of the virus preferentially detected in the younger patients. The proposed laboratory supported diagnosis of FHC is based on the increased rubella Antibody Index. The virus etiology gives a rationale for omitting the ineffective corticosteroid therapy of FHC. FAU - Quentin, Claus D AU - Quentin CD AD - Department of Ophthalmology, Georg-August University, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany. FAU - Reiber, Hansotto AU - Reiber H LA - eng PT - Journal Article PL - United States TA - Am J Ophthalmol JT - American journal of ophthalmology JID - 0370500 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (DNA, Viral) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin G) SB - IM CIN - Am J Ophthalmol. 2004 Jul;138(1):133-4. PMID: 15234292 CIN - Am J Ophthalmol. 2004 Dec;138(6):1087; editor reply 1087. PMID: 15629324 MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - Antibodies, Viral/*analysis MH - Aqueous Humor/*virology MH - Child MH - Child, Preschool MH - DNA, Viral/analysis MH - Eye Infections, Viral/*virology MH - Female MH - *Genome, Viral MH - Humans MH - Immunoglobulin G/analysis MH - Iridocyclitis/*virology MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Polymerase Chain Reaction MH - Retrospective Studies MH - Rubella/*virology MH - Rubella virus/genetics/immunology/*isolation & purification EDAT- 2004/07/06 05:00 MHDA- 2004/09/01 05:00 CRDT- 2004/07/06 05:00 PHST- 2003/02/23 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2004/07/06 05:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2004/09/01 05:00 [medline] PHST- 2004/07/06 05:00 [entrez] AID - S0002939404002387 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.ajo.2004.02.055 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Am J Ophthalmol. 2004 Jul;138(1):46-54. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2004.02.055. PMID- 19846524 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20100121 LR - 20211020 IS - 1098-5514 (Electronic) IS - 0022-538X (Print) IS - 0022-538X (Linking) VI - 84 IP - 1 DP - 2010 Jan TI - The rubella virus capsid protein inhibits mitochondrial import. PG - 119-30 LID - 10.1128/JVI.01348-09 [doi] AB - The rubella virus (RV) capsid is an RNA-binding protein that functions in nucleocapsid assembly at the Golgi complex, the site of virus budding. In addition to its role in virus assembly, pools of capsid associate with mitochondria, a localization that is not consistent with virus assembly. Here we examined the interaction of capsid with mitochondria and showed that this viral protein inhibits the import and processing of mitochondrial precursor proteins in vitro. Moreover, RV-infected cells were found to contain lower intramitochondrial levels of matrix protein p32. In addition to inhibiting the translocation of substrates into mammalian mitochondria, capsid efficiently blocked import into yeast mitochondria, thereby suggesting that it acts by targeting a highly conserved component of the translocation apparatus. Finally, mutation of a cluster of five arginine residues in the amino terminus of capsid, though not interfering with its binding to mitochondria, abrogated its ability to block protein import into mitochondria. This is the first report of a viral protein that affects the import of proteins into mitochondria. FAU - Ilkow, Carolina S AU - Ilkow CS AD - Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada. FAU - Weckbecker, Daniel AU - Weckbecker D FAU - Cho, Woo Jung AU - Cho WJ FAU - Meier, Stephan AU - Meier S FAU - Beatch, Martin D AU - Beatch MD FAU - Goping, Ing Swie AU - Goping IS FAU - Herrmann, Johannes M AU - Herrmann JM FAU - Hobman, Tom C AU - Hobman TC LA - eng GR - Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't TA - J Virol JT - Journal of virology JID - 0113724 RN - 0 (Capsid Proteins) RN - 0 (Mitochondrial Proteins) RN - 0 (Viral Proteins) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Capsid Proteins/genetics/*physiology MH - Chlorocebus aethiops MH - Mitochondria/metabolism/*virology MH - Mitochondrial Proteins/*antagonists & inhibitors MH - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed MH - Protein Transport MH - Rubella virus/*chemistry MH - Vero Cells MH - Viral Proteins MH - Yeasts PMC - PMC2798457 EDAT- 2009/10/23 06:00 MHDA- 2010/01/22 06:00 CRDT- 2009/10/23 06:00 PHST- 2009/10/23 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2009/10/23 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2010/01/22 06:00 [medline] AID - JVI.01348-09 [pii] AID - 1348-09 [pii] AID - 10.1128/JVI.01348-09 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Virol. 2010 Jan;84(1):119-30. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01348-09. PMID- 23481444 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20131113 LR - 20130429 IS - 1873-5967 (Electronic) IS - 1386-6532 (Linking) VI - 57 IP - 2 DP - 2013 Jun TI - Rubella epidemic in Vietnam: characteristic of rubella virus genes from pregnant women and their fetuses/newborns with congenital rubella syndrome. PG - 152-6 LID - S1386-6532(13)00049-8 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.jcv.2013.02.008 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Rubella remains poorly controlled in Southeast Asia, including Vietnam. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to characterize rubella virus spread in Vietnam during 2011-2012. STUDY DESIGN: Amniotic fluid, throat swab and placenta samples were collected from 130 patients (110 cases from pregnant women with suspected rubella and 20 cases from fetuses/newborns). Viral RNA was obtained directly from clinical specimens, amplified by PCR, and then the E1 gene containing 739 nucleotides recommended by the WHO to identify the viral genotypes was sequenced. RESULTS: By screening with real-time PCR, viral RNA was detectable in amniotic fluids from 103 out of 110 (93.6%) pregnant women with suspected rubella and in the throat swabs from all of 20 (100%) fetuses/newborns. In addition, viral RNA was also detected in the placenta from all cases of fetuses/newborns. All of 20 fetuses/newborns presented with congenital cataract. Twenty-four strains with the E1 gene were obtained by PCR. Using phylogenetic analysis with rubella reference sequences, all of the strains were found to be genotype 2B. Interestingly, 94% (30/32) of Vietnamese strains, including 9 strains from the database, formed an independent cluster within the genotype 2B suggesting that indigenous viruses are prevalent in this region. CONCLUSIONS: Rubella virus identified in Vietnam belonged to the genotype 2B. Importantly, the infection rate of rubella virus in fetuses/newborns was 100% and all of them had congenital cataract. Our results indicate an establishment of rubella prevention in this area is an urgent task in order to improve maternal and child health. CI - Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. FAU - Pham, Van Hung AU - Pham VH AD - Biomedical Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy in Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam. FAU - Nguyen, Thong Van AU - Nguyen TV FAU - Nguyen, Truc Thanh Thi AU - Nguyen TT FAU - Dang, Linh Duy AU - Dang LD FAU - Hoang, Ngoc Hieu AU - Hoang NH FAU - Nguyen, Truong Van AU - Nguyen TV FAU - Abe, Kenji AU - Abe K LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20130306 PL - Netherlands TA - J Clin Virol JT - Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology JID - 9815671 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) SB - IM MH - Aborted Fetus/*virology MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Antibodies, Viral/blood MH - *Epidemics MH - Female MH - Genotype MH - Humans MH - Infant, Newborn MH - Molecular Epidemiology MH - Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods MH - Pregnancy MH - Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/*epidemiology/virology MH - Rubella/*epidemiology/virology MH - Rubella Syndrome, Congenital/*epidemiology/virology MH - Rubella virus/classification/*genetics/immunology MH - Sequence Analysis, DNA MH - Vietnam/epidemiology MH - Young Adult EDAT- 2013/03/14 06:00 MHDA- 2013/11/14 06:00 CRDT- 2013/03/14 06:00 PHST- 2012/11/08 00:00 [received] PHST- 2013/01/31 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2013/02/10 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2013/03/14 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2013/03/14 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2013/11/14 06:00 [medline] AID - S1386-6532(13)00049-8 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.jcv.2013.02.008 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Clin Virol. 2013 Jun;57(2):152-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2013.02.008. Epub 2013 Mar 6. PMID- 29253144 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20190412 LR - 20211204 IS - 1537-6613 (Electronic) IS - 0022-1899 (Print) IS - 0022-1899 (Linking) VI - 217 IP - 4 DP - 2018 Jan 30 TI - Polymorphisms in the Wilms Tumor Gene Are Associated With Interindividual Variations in Rubella Virus-Specific Cellular Immunity After Measles-Mumps-Rubella II Vaccination. PG - 560-566 LID - 10.1093/infdis/jix538 [doi] AB - Rubella vaccination induces widely variable immune responses in vaccine recipients. While rubella vaccination is effective at inducing immunity to rubella infection in most subjects, up to 5% of individuals do not achieve or maintain long-term protective immunity. To expand upon our previous work identifying genetic polymorphisms that are associated with these interindividual differences in humoral immunity to rubella virus, we performed a genome-wide association study in a large cohort of 1843 subjects to discover single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with rubella virus-specific cellular immune responses. We identified SNPs in the Wilms tumor protein gene (WT1) that were significantly associated (P < 5 × 10-8) with interindividual variations in rubella-specific interleukin 6 secretion from subjects' peripheral blood mononuclear cells postvaccination. No SNPs were found to be significantly associated with variations in rubella-specific interferon-γ secretion. Our findings demonstrate that genetic polymorphisms in the WT1 gene in subjects of European ancestry are associated with interindividual differences in rubella virus-specific cellular immunity after measles-mumps-rubella II vaccination. CI - © The Author(s) 2017. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com. FAU - Voigt, Emily A AU - Voigt EA AD - Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester. FAU - Haralambieva, Iana H AU - Haralambieva IH AD - Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester. FAU - Larrabee, Beth L AU - Larrabee BL AD - Mayo Clinic Division of Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. FAU - Kennedy, Richard B AU - Kennedy RB AD - Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester. FAU - Ovsyannikova, Inna G AU - Ovsyannikova IG AD - Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester. FAU - Schaid, Daniel J AU - Schaid DJ AD - Mayo Clinic Division of Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. FAU - Poland, Gregory A AU - Poland GA AD - Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester. LA - eng GR - R01 AI033144/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 AI048793/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States GR - R37 AI048793/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural TA - J Infect Dis JT - The Journal of infectious diseases JID - 0413675 RN - 0 (Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine) RN - 0 (WT1 Proteins) RN - 0 (WT1 protein, human) SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - *Biological Variation, Population MH - Child MH - Cohort Studies MH - Female MH - Genome-Wide Association Study MH - Humans MH - *Immunity, Cellular MH - *Individuality MH - Male MH - Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine/administration & dosage/*immunology MH - *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide MH - Rubella virus/*immunology MH - WT1 Proteins/*genetics MH - Whites MH - Young Adult PMC - PMC5853945 OTO - NOTNLM OT - *IL-6 OT - *SNP OT - *genetic OT - *genome-wide association study OT - *immunity OT - *measles-mumps-rubella vaccine OT - *polymorphisms OT - *rubella OT - *rubella virus EDAT- 2017/12/19 06:00 MHDA- 2019/04/13 06:00 CRDT- 2017/12/19 06:00 PHST- 2017/06/29 00:00 [received] PHST- 2017/10/03 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2017/12/19 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2019/04/13 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2017/12/19 06:00 [entrez] AID - 4743250 [pii] AID - jix538 [pii] AID - 10.1093/infdis/jix538 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Infect Dis. 2018 Jan 30;217(4):560-566. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jix538. PMID- 26402467 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20160607 LR - 20181202 IS - 1932-6203 (Electronic) IS - 1932-6203 (Linking) VI - 10 IP - 9 DP - 2015 TI - Imported Genotype 2B Rubella Virus Caused the 2012 Outbreak in Anqing City, China. PG - e0139173 LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0139173 [doi] LID - e0139173 AB - A rubella outbreak occurred in Anqing city of Anhui province, China, from February to July of 2012, and a total of 241 clinically diagnosed or lab-confirmed patients were reported. The highest number of rubella cases during this outbreak was recorded in teenagers between 10 and 19 years of age who had not previously received the rubella vaccine. Genotyping results indicated that the genotype 2B rubella virus (RV) was responsible for the outbreak. However, a phylogenetic analysis showed that the genotype 2B RVs isolated in Anqing City were not related to 2B RVs found in other cities of Anhui province and in other provinces of China, thus providing evidence for importation. After importation, the transmission of Anqing RVs was interrupted owing to an effective immunization campaign against rubella, suggesting the timeliness and effectiveness of contingency vaccination. Strengthening rubella surveillance, including the integration of epidemiologic information and laboratory data, is a vital strategy for rubella control and elimination. In addition, except for routine immunization, targeted supplementary immunization activities aimed at susceptible groups according to sero-epidemiological surveillance data also play a key role in stopping the continuous transmission of rubella viruses and in preventing further congenital rubella syndrome cases. FAU - Zhu, Zhen AU - Zhu Z AD - WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Medical Virology Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China. FAU - Pan, Guixia AU - Pan G AD - Anqing Prefecture Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Anqing, People's Republic of China. FAU - Zhou, Shujie AU - Zhou S AD - Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, People's Republic of China. FAU - Dai, Jingjing AU - Dai J AD - School of Medical, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan, People's Republic of China. FAU - Chen, Xia AU - Chen X AD - Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, People's Republic of China. FAU - Tang, Jihai AU - Tang J AD - Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, People's Republic of China. FAU - Chen, Shuping AU - Chen S AD - Anqing Prefecture Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Anqing, People's Republic of China. FAU - Zheng, Yilun AU - Zheng Y AD - Anqing Prefecture Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Anqing, People's Republic of China. FAU - Song, Jie AU - Song J AD - The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China. FAU - Xu, Wenbo AU - Xu W AD - WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Medical Virology Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20150924 TA - PLoS One JT - PloS one JID - 101285081 SB - IM MH - Age Distribution MH - China/epidemiology MH - Cities/*statistics & numerical data MH - Disease Outbreaks/*statistics & numerical data MH - Genotype MH - Geography MH - Humans MH - Phylogeny MH - Rubella/*epidemiology/*virology MH - Rubella virus/*genetics/isolation & purification PMC - PMC4581689 COIS- Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. EDAT- 2015/09/25 06:00 MHDA- 2016/06/09 06:00 CRDT- 2015/09/25 06:00 PHST- 2015/07/08 00:00 [received] PHST- 2015/09/08 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2015/09/25 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2015/09/25 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2016/06/09 06:00 [medline] AID - PONE-D-15-29837 [pii] AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0139173 [doi] PST - epublish SO - PLoS One. 2015 Sep 24;10(9):e0139173. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139173. eCollection 2015. PMID- 15530696 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20050517 LR - 20191210 IS - 0264-410X (Print) IS - 0264-410X (Linking) VI - 23 IP - 4 DP - 2004 Dec 9 TI - A recombinant rubella virus E1 glycoprotein as a rubella vaccine candidate. PG - 480-8 AB - A recombinant rubella virus E1 (rE1) glycoprotein was produced and some of its chemical and immunological features were characterized. Two animal models were then used to establish that the rE1 glycoprotein and rubella virus particles shared antigenic and immunogenic properties. In the first one, sera from rE1 glycoprotein-immunized BALB/c mice neutralized in vitro rubella virus infection. In the second model, severe combined immune deficient (SCID) mice implanted with tonsil fragments from rubella immune donors and immunized with rE1 glycoprotein produced human anti-rubella virus antibodies. Altogether, these results showed that immunization with rE1 glycoprotein elicited neutralizing anti-rubella virus antibodies. This study thus indicated that the rE1 glycoprotein could constitute a non-replicating rubella vaccine. FAU - Perrenoud, G AU - Perrenoud G AD - Dictagene, 4, chemin de la Vuliette, CH-1000 Lausanne 25, Switzerland. FAU - Messerli, F AU - Messerli F FAU - Thierry, A-C AU - Thierry AC FAU - Beltraminelli, N AU - Beltraminelli N FAU - Cousin, P AU - Cousin P FAU - Fasel, N AU - Fasel N FAU - Vallet, V AU - Vallet V FAU - Demotz, S AU - Demotz S FAU - Duchosal, M A AU - Duchosal MA FAU - Moulon, C AU - Moulon C LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - Netherlands TA - Vaccine JT - Vaccine JID - 8406899 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Antigens, Viral) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin G) RN - 0 (Rubella Vaccine) RN - 0 (Vaccines, Synthetic) RN - 0 (Viral Envelope Proteins) RN - 131016-01-8 (E1 envelope protein, Rubella virus) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Antibodies, Viral/blood MH - Antigens, Viral/administration & dosage/genetics/immunology MH - Chlorocebus aethiops MH - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay MH - Humans MH - Immunoglobulin G/blood MH - Mice MH - Mice, Inbred BALB C MH - Mice, SCID MH - Neutralization Tests MH - Palatine Tonsil/immunology MH - Rubella/immunology/*prevention & control MH - Rubella Vaccine/administration & dosage/*immunology MH - Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage/genetics/immunology MH - Vero Cells MH - Viral Envelope Proteins/administration & dosage/genetics/*immunology EDAT- 2004/11/09 09:00 MHDA- 2005/05/18 09:00 CRDT- 2004/11/09 09:00 PHST- 2003/04/29 00:00 [received] PHST- 2004/05/27 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2004/06/24 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2004/11/09 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2005/05/18 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2004/11/09 09:00 [entrez] AID - S0264-410X(04)00485-2 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.06.030 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Vaccine. 2004 Dec 9;23(4):480-8. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.06.030. PMID- 22233835 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20120717 LR - 20161229 IS - 1879-3479 (Electronic) IS - 0020-7292 (Linking) VI - 116 IP - 3 DP - 2012 Mar TI - Prevalence of serum anti-rubella virus antibodies among pregnant women in southern Italy. PG - 211-3 LID - 10.1016/j.ijgo.2011.10.029 [doi] AB - OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of anti-rubella virus antibodies and the level of knowledge about congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) among pregnant women living in southern Italy. METHODS: A seroepidemiologic study was conducted between July 1, 2006, and December 31, 2007. Five-hundred women resident in Messina were enrolled in the study; the participants were in the 4th to 39th week of pregnancy. Anti-rubella virus antibodies were assayed using a microparticle enzyme immunoassay. Demographic details, vaccination history, and participants' knowledge of the potential risks of rubella infection during pregnancy were assessed via questionnaire. RESULTS: On the basis of the questionnaire results, 70.4% of women were classed as immune to rubella virus infection; however, the prevalence of IgG anti-rubella virus antibodies measured in the participants' serum was 85.8%. Although 55.2% of women had undergone pre-pregnancy rubella screening, only 81 participants reported that they had been vaccinated before becoming pregnant. The participants' general knowledge about CRS was poor, as was their understanding of the importance of undergoing screening. CONCLUSION: The number of women at risk of rubella infection fell short of the national target set for elimination of CRS. Increased involvement and collaboration by all healthcare workers are, therefore, required to disseminate the information necessary to prevent CRS. CI - Copyright © 2011 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. FAU - Calimeri, Sebastiano AU - Calimeri S AD - Department of Hygiene, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Messina, Messina, Italy. scalimeri@unime.it FAU - Capua, Adele AU - Capua A FAU - La Fauci, Vincenza AU - La Fauci V FAU - Squeri, Raffaele AU - Squeri R FAU - Grillo, Orazio C AU - Grillo OC FAU - Lo Giudice, Daniela AU - Lo Giudice D LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20120109 PL - United States TA - Int J Gynaecol Obstet JT - International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics JID - 0210174 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (rubella antibodies) SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Antibodies, Viral/*blood MH - Cohort Studies MH - Female MH - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice MH - Humans MH - Immunoenzyme Techniques MH - Italy/epidemiology MH - Middle Aged MH - Pregnancy MH - Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/blood/*immunology MH - Prevalence MH - Rubella/blood/epidemiology/*immunology MH - Seroepidemiologic Studies MH - Surveys and Questionnaires MH - Young Adult EDAT- 2012/01/12 06:00 MHDA- 2012/07/18 06:00 CRDT- 2012/01/12 06:00 PHST- 2011/06/07 00:00 [received] PHST- 2011/10/14 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2011/12/02 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2012/01/12 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2012/01/12 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2012/07/18 06:00 [medline] AID - S0020-7292(11)00610-2 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.ijgo.2011.10.029 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2012 Mar;116(3):211-3. doi: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2011.10.029. Epub 2012 Jan 9. PMID- 34120763 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20210806 LR - 20210806 IS - 1873-2518 (Electronic) IS - 0264-410X (Linking) VI - 39 IP - 30 DP - 2021 Jul 5 TI - Attenuation of antibody titer of measles and rubella virus among university students of department of healthcare providers during 2015-2018 in Japan. PG - 4203-4209 LID - S0264-410X(21)00612-5 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.05.040 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: In Japan, measles elimination was confirmed in March 2015. Nevertheless, some outbreaks with cases imported from abroad were reported even after certification. A large rubella outbreak has been occurring since 2017. This study examines measurement of the speed of attenuation of antibody titer for a measles virus comparison with rubella virus. METHOD: Student subjects born from April 2, 1996 through April 1, 2000 were selected at Ibaraki Prefectural University of Health Sciences for this study: 177 for measles and 114 for rubella. They had available dates of additional immunization and antibodies in the following period and were judged as requiring additional immunization. We used enzyme immunoassay for IgG antibody testing. We regressed post-antibody titers of measles or rubella on pre-antibody titers and functions of duration between inoculation to post-evaluation. Functions of duration were selected according to the adjusted coefficient of determination. RESULTS: For measles, only a linear term of duration or log of duration was found to be significant without the quadratic terms. For rubella, we selected a five-order linear model which indicated that titer after vaccination would converge to 19.2. DISCUSSION: Results demonstrate that measles antibody decreased monotonically. If the pre-antibody titer was 15, vaccination raised titer quickly to 26; then it attenuated by 0.014 per day. Antibody titer is expected to be less than 16, which is the protection level of titer, after 704 days. For rubella, however, when pre-vaccination titer was evaluated at its average, the lower limit was 19.2. Therefore, protection can be maintained for a long time. This difference might reflect some circumstances of outbreaks of the respective diseases. CONCLUSION: This report describes the speed of attenuation and the epidemiological situation. The speed of attenuation can be expected to rise. Therefore, additional vaccination every several years might be necessary to maintain a protection level if a disease is almost eliminated. CI - Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. FAU - Kurita, Junko AU - Kurita J AD - Department of Nursing, Tokiwa University, Ibaraki, Japan. Electronic address: kuritaj@tokiwa.ac.jp. FAU - Uematsu, Tomomi AU - Uematsu T AD - Ibaraki Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Ibaraki, Japan. FAU - Sakurai, Naomi AU - Sakurai N AD - Center for Medical Sciences, Ibaraki Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Ibaraki, Japan. FAU - Sugawara, Tamie AU - Sugawara T AD - National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan. FAU - Ohkusa, Yasushi AU - Ohkusa Y AD - National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan. FAU - Yamaguchi, Naoto AU - Yamaguchi N AD - Center for Medical Sciences, Ibaraki Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Ibaraki, Japan. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20210610 PL - Netherlands TA - Vaccine JT - Vaccine JID - 8406899 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine) SB - IM MH - Antibodies, Viral MH - Health Personnel MH - Humans MH - Japan/epidemiology MH - *Measles/epidemiology/prevention & control MH - Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine MH - *Mumps MH - *Rubella/epidemiology/prevention & control MH - Rubella virus MH - Students MH - Universities MH - Vaccination OTO - NOTNLM OT - *Antibody titer OT - *Attenuation OT - *Measles OT - *Protection level OT - *Rubella OT - *University students COIS- Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. EDAT- 2021/06/15 06:00 MHDA- 2021/08/07 06:00 CRDT- 2021/06/14 06:14 PHST- 2020/10/27 00:00 [received] PHST- 2021/04/20 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2021/05/14 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2021/06/15 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/08/07 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2021/06/14 06:14 [entrez] AID - S0264-410X(21)00612-5 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.05.040 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Vaccine. 2021 Jul 5;39(30):4203-4209. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.05.040. Epub 2021 Jun 10. PMID- 23201287 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20130703 LR - 20191210 IS - 1879-0984 (Electronic) IS - 0166-0934 (Linking) VI - 187 IP - 2 DP - 2013 Feb TI - Genotyping of rubella virus RNA in sera and dried blood spots collected during routine surveillance and in archival sera. PG - 284-7 LID - S0166-0934(12)00415-6 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.jviromet.2012.11.023 [doi] AB - Information on the molecular epidemiology of rubella has been valuable in supporting efforts to control and eliminate rubella in several countries. The preferred samples for virus isolation or RNA detection, such as throat swabs, are often not available making it difficult to obtain a robust database of rubella virus sequences. A method for obtaining rubella virus genotypes from more commonly collected samples such as sera or dried blood spots using real-time RT-PCR to screen samples followed by nested set amplification is described. Rubella genotypes were obtained from dried blood spots and recent and archival sera collections. Eighteen percent of the RNAs extracted from the archival sera were real-time RT-PCR positive, and 44% of these RNAs were amplified successfully by nested RT-PCR and sequenced. Implementation of this technique could provide another tool to improve global rubella molecular surveillance. CI - Published by Elsevier B.V. FAU - Zheng, Qi AU - Zheng Q AD - Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States. FAU - Abernathy, Emily S AU - Abernathy ES FAU - Sun, Hong AU - Sun H FAU - Zhu, Zhen AU - Zhu Z FAU - de Filippis, Ana AU - de Filippis A FAU - Akoua-Koffi, Chantal AU - Akoua-Koffi C FAU - Ahmed, Hinda AU - Ahmed H FAU - Morris-Glasgow, Victoria AU - Morris-Glasgow V FAU - Quist-Therson, Margaret AU - Quist-Therson M FAU - Icenogle, Joseph P AU - Icenogle JP LA - eng PT - Evaluation Study PT - Journal Article DEP - 20121129 PL - Netherlands TA - J Virol Methods JT - Journal of virological methods JID - 8005839 RN - 0 (RNA, Viral) SB - IM MH - Blood/*virology MH - Genotype MH - Humans MH - Polymerase Chain Reaction/*methods MH - RNA, Viral/*genetics MH - Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/*methods MH - Rubella virus/*classification/*genetics MH - Virology/*methods EDAT- 2012/12/04 06:00 MHDA- 2013/07/05 06:00 CRDT- 2012/12/04 06:00 PHST- 2012/06/25 00:00 [received] PHST- 2012/11/06 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2012/11/13 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2012/12/04 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2012/12/04 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2013/07/05 06:00 [medline] AID - S0166-0934(12)00415-6 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.jviromet.2012.11.023 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Virol Methods. 2013 Feb;187(2):284-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2012.11.023. Epub 2012 Nov 29. PMID- 21440513 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20110802 LR - 20110411 IS - 1873-376X (Electronic) IS - 1570-0232 (Linking) VI - 879 IP - 13-14 DP - 2011 Apr 15 TI - Concentration and purification of rubella virus using monolithic chromatographic support. PG - 981-6 LID - 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.03.012 [doi] AB - The production of economically acceptable viral vaccines of high quality requires simple and efficient methods for purification and concentration of viral particles. Ion-exchange chromatography (IEC) has become one of commonly used methods for large-scale downstream purification of viruses. Viruses possess different biological and/or biochemical properties and therefore IEC conditions must be established specifically for each virus. Live attenuated rubella virus vaccines have been manufactured and successfully used widely to protect people from rubella and congenital rubella syndrome for almost 40 years. The aim of this study was to search for an efficient method for concentration and purification of rubella virus using IEC. The selected operating conditions using quaternary amine monolithic supports enabled highly efficient binding, purification and concentration of rubella virus from complex biological suspension without additional procedures. Eluted viral particles maintained their infectivity and viral recovery was almost 100%. At the same time, viral preparation was successfully depleted from host cell protein and DNA. This work indicates the possibility of using monoliths to improve the rubella virus yields in productions where high virus titers during cultivation can hardly be achieved. CI - Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. FAU - Forcic, Dubravko AU - Forcic D AD - Institute of Immunology Inc, Zagreb, Croatia. dforcic@imz.hr FAU - Brgles, Marija AU - Brgles M FAU - Ivancic-Jelecki, Jelena AU - Ivancic-Jelecki J FAU - Santak, Maja AU - Santak M FAU - Halassy, Beata AU - Halassy B FAU - Barut, Miloš AU - Barut M FAU - Jug, Renata AU - Jug R FAU - Markušić, Maja AU - Markušić M FAU - Strancar, Aleš AU - Strancar A LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20110312 PL - Netherlands TA - J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci JT - Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences JID - 101139554 RN - 0 (Rubella Vaccine) SB - IM MH - Cell Line MH - Chromatography, Ion Exchange/*methods MH - Humans MH - Reproducibility of Results MH - Rubella Vaccine/chemical synthesis/immunology MH - Rubella virus/immunology/*isolation & purification MH - Virion/immunology/*isolation & purification MH - Virus Cultivation EDAT- 2011/03/29 06:00 MHDA- 2011/08/04 06:00 CRDT- 2011/03/29 06:00 PHST- 2010/12/22 00:00 [received] PHST- 2011/02/22 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2011/03/06 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2011/03/29 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2011/03/29 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2011/08/04 06:00 [medline] AID - S1570-0232(11)00159-0 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.03.012 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2011 Apr 15;879(13-14):981-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.03.012. Epub 2011 Mar 12. PMID- 33818775 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20210930 LR - 20210930 IS - 1521-4141 (Electronic) IS - 0014-2980 (Linking) VI - 51 IP - 7 DP - 2021 Jul TI - Transcriptional signatures associated with rubella virus-specific humoral immunity after a third dose of MMR vaccine in women of childbearing age. PG - 1824-1838 LID - 10.1002/eji.202049054 [doi] AB - Multiple factors linked to host genetics/inherent biology play a role in interindividual variability in immune response outcomes after rubella vaccination. In order to identify these factors, we conducted a study of rubella-specific humoral immunity before (Baseline) and after (Day 28) a third dose of MMR-II vaccine in a cohort of 109 women of childbearing age. We performed mRNA-Seq profiling of PBMCs after rubella virus in vitro stimulation to delineate genes associated with post-vaccination rubella humoral immunity and to define genes mediating the association between prior immune response status (high or low antibody) and subsequent immune response outcome. Our study identified novel genes that mediated the association between prior immune response and neutralizing antibody titer after a third MMR vaccine dose. These genes included the following: CDC34; CSNK1D; APOBEC3F; RAD18; AAAS; SLC37A1; FAS; and JAK2. The encoded proteins are involved in innate antiviral response, IFN/cytokine signaling, B cell repertoire generation, the clonal selection of B lymphocytes in germinal centers, and somatic hypermutation/antibody affinity maturation to promote optimal antigen-specific B cell immune function. These data advance our understanding of how subjects' prior immune status and/or genetic propensity to respond to rubella/MMR vaccination ultimately affects innate immunity and humoral immune outcomes after vaccination. CI - © 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH. FAU - Haralambieva, Iana H AU - Haralambieva IH AD - Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA. FAU - Eberhard, Katherine G AU - Eberhard KG AD - Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA. FAU - Ovsyannikova, Inna G AU - Ovsyannikova IG AD - Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA. FAU - Grill, Diane E AU - Grill DE AD - Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA. FAU - Schaid, Daniel J AU - Schaid DJ AD - Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA. FAU - Kennedy, Richard B AU - Kennedy RB AD - Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA. AD - Department of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA. FAU - Poland, Gregory A AU - Poland GA AD - Department of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA. LA - eng GR - R37 AI048793/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 AI033144/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural DEP - 20210419 PL - Germany TA - Eur J Immunol JT - European journal of immunology JID - 1273201 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Neutralizing) RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology MH - Antibodies, Viral/immunology MH - B-Lymphocytes/immunology MH - Cohort Studies MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Immunity, Humoral/*immunology MH - Immunity, Innate/immunology MH - Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology MH - Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine/*immunology MH - Middle Aged MH - Rubella/immunology MH - Rubella virus/*immunology MH - Transcription, Genetic/*immunology MH - Vaccination/methods MH - Young Adult OTO - NOTNLM OT - *RNA OT - *genetic markers OT - *immunity, humoral OT - *rubella OT - *rubella vaccine OT - *transcriptome EDAT- 2021/04/06 06:00 MHDA- 2021/10/01 06:00 CRDT- 2021/04/05 12:45 PHST- 2021/03/03 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2020/11/04 00:00 [received] PHST- 2020/12/17 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2021/04/06 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/10/01 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2021/04/05 12:45 [entrez] AID - 10.1002/eji.202049054 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Eur J Immunol. 2021 Jul;51(7):1824-1838. doi: 10.1002/eji.202049054. Epub 2021 Apr 19. PMID- 23254301 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20130709 LR - 20211021 IS - 1556-679X (Electronic) IS - 1556-6811 (Print) IS - 1556-679X (Linking) VI - 20 IP - 2 DP - 2013 Feb TI - Investigation into low-level anti-rubella virus IgG results reported by commercial immunoassays. PG - 255-61 LID - 10.1128/CVI.00603-12 [doi] AB - Since the 1980s, commercial anti-rubella virus IgG assays have been calibrated against a WHO International Standard and results have been reported in international units per milliliter (IU/ml). Laboratories testing routine patients' samples collected 100 samples that gave anti-rubella virus IgG results of 40 IU/ml or less from each of five different commercial immunoassays (CIA). The total of 500 quantitative results obtained from 100 samples from each CIA were compared with results obtained from an in-house enzyme immunoassay (IH-EIA) calibrated using the WHO standard. All 500 samples were screened using a hemagglutination inhibition assay (HAI). Any sample having an HAI titer of 1:8 or less was assigned a negative anti-rubella virus antibody status. If the HAI titer was greater than 1:8, the sample was tested in an immunoblot (IB) assay. If the IB result was negative, the sample was assigned a negative anti-rubella virus IgG status; otherwise, the sample was assigned a positive status. Concordance between the CIA qualitative results and the assigned negative status ranged from 50.0 to 93.8% and 74.5 to 97.8% for the assigned positive status. Using a receiver operating characteristic analysis with the cutoff set at 10 IU/ml, the estimated sensitivity and specificity ranged from 70.2 to 91.2% and 65.9 to 100%, respectively. There was poor correlation between the quantitative CIA results and those obtained by the IH-EIA, with the coefficient of determination (R(2)) ranging from 0.002 to 0.413. Although CIAs have been calibrated with the same international standard for more than 2 decades, the level of standardization continues to be poor. It may be time for the scientific community to reevaluate the relevance of quantification of anti-rubella virus IgG. FAU - Dimech, Wayne AU - Dimech W AD - NRL, Melbourne Australia, Victoria, Australia. wayne@nrl.gov.au FAU - Arachchi, Nilukshi AU - Arachchi N FAU - Cai, Jingjing AU - Cai J FAU - Sahin, Terri AU - Sahin T FAU - Wilson, Kim AU - Wilson K LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20121219 TA - Clin Vaccine Immunol JT - Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI JID - 101252125 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin G) RN - 0 (rubella antibodies) SB - IM MH - Antibodies, Viral/*blood/immunology MH - Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests MH - Humans MH - Immunoassay/standards MH - Immunoblotting MH - Immunoglobulin G/analysis/*blood/immunology MH - ROC Curve MH - Reference Standards MH - Reference Values MH - Rubella/*diagnosis MH - Rubella virus/*immunology MH - Sensitivity and Specificity PMC - PMC3571274 EDAT- 2012/12/21 06:00 MHDA- 2013/07/10 06:00 CRDT- 2012/12/21 06:00 PHST- 2012/12/21 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2012/12/21 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2013/07/10 06:00 [medline] AID - CVI.00603-12 [pii] AID - 00603-12 [pii] AID - 10.1128/CVI.00603-12 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2013 Feb;20(2):255-61. doi: 10.1128/CVI.00603-12. Epub 2012 Dec 19. PMID- 28912595 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20190625 LR - 20190625 IS - 2045-2322 (Electronic) IS - 2045-2322 (Linking) VI - 7 IP - 1 DP - 2017 Sep 14 TI - Analysis of VSV pseudotype virus infection mediated by rubella virus envelope proteins. PG - 11607 LID - 10.1038/s41598-017-10865-2 [doi] LID - 11607 AB - Rubella virus (RV) generally causes a systemic infection in humans. Viral cell tropism is a key determinant of viral pathogenesis, but the tropism of RV is currently poorly understood. We analyzed various human cell lines and determined that RV only establishes an infection efficiently in particular non-immune cell lines. To establish an infection the host cells must be susceptible and permissible. To assess the susceptibility of individual cell lines, we generated a pseudotype vesicular stomatitis virus bearing RV envelope proteins (VSV-RV/CE2E1). VSV-RV/CE2E1 entered cells in an RV envelope protein-dependent manner, and thus the infection was neutralized completely by an RV-specific antibody. The infection was Ca(2+)-dependent and inhibited by endosomal acidification inhibitors, further confirming the dependency on RV envelope proteins for the VSV-RV/CE2E1 infection. Human non-immune cell lines were mostly susceptible to VSV-RV/CE2E1, while immune cell lines were much less susceptible than non-immune cell lines. However, susceptibility of immune cells to VSV-RV/CE2E1 was increased upon stimulation of these cells. Our data therefore suggest that immune cells are generally less susceptible to RV infection than non-immune cells, but the susceptibility of immune cells is enhanced upon stimulation. FAU - Sakata, Masafumi AU - Sakata M AD - Department of Virology 3, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama-shi, Tokyo, 208-0011, Japan. FAU - Tani, Hideki AU - Tani H AD - Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama-shi, Tokyo, 208-0011, Japan. AD - Department of Virology, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani Toyama-shi, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan. FAU - Anraku, Masaki AU - Anraku M AD - Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura Yokohama Kanazawa-ku, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan. FAU - Kataoka, Michiyo AU - Kataoka M AD - Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama-shi, Tokyo, 208-0011, Japan. FAU - Nagata, Noriyo AU - Nagata N AD - Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama-shi, Tokyo, 208-0011, Japan. FAU - Seki, Fumio AU - Seki F AD - Department of Virology 3, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama-shi, Tokyo, 208-0011, Japan. FAU - Tahara, Maino AU - Tahara M AD - Department of Virology 3, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama-shi, Tokyo, 208-0011, Japan. FAU - Otsuki, Noriyuki AU - Otsuki N AD - Department of Virology 3, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama-shi, Tokyo, 208-0011, Japan. FAU - Okamoto, Kiyoko AU - Okamoto K AD - Department of Virology 3, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama-shi, Tokyo, 208-0011, Japan. FAU - Takeda, Makoto AU - Takeda M AD - Department of Virology 3, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama-shi, Tokyo, 208-0011, Japan. FAU - Mori, Yoshio AU - Mori Y AD - Department of Virology 3, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama-shi, Tokyo, 208-0011, Japan. yoshiom@nih.go.jp. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20170914 TA - Sci Rep JT - Scientific reports JID - 101563288 RN - 0 (Viral Envelope Proteins) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Cell Line MH - Coinfection MH - Genes, Reporter MH - Genetic Engineering MH - Humans MH - Macrophages/immunology/metabolism/virology MH - Neutralization Tests MH - Rubella virus/*physiology MH - Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus/*physiology MH - Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics/*metabolism MH - Viral Tropism PMC - PMC5599607 COIS- The authors declare that they have no competing interests. EDAT- 2017/09/16 06:00 MHDA- 2019/06/27 06:00 CRDT- 2017/09/16 06:00 PHST- 2016/12/21 00:00 [received] PHST- 2017/08/16 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2017/09/16 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2017/09/16 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2019/06/27 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.1038/s41598-017-10865-2 [pii] AID - 10865 [pii] AID - 10.1038/s41598-017-10865-2 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Sci Rep. 2017 Sep 14;7(1):11607. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-10865-2. PMID- 32793907 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20201014 DP - 2020 Aug 3 TI - Similarity between mutation spectra in hypermutated genomes of rubella virus and in SARS-CoV-2 genomes accumulated during the COVID-19 pandemic. LID - 2020.08.03.234005 [pii] LID - 10.1101/2020.08.03.234005 [doi] AB - Genomes of tens of thousands of SARS-CoV2 isolates have been sequenced across the world and the total number of changes (predominantly single base substitutions) in these isolates exceeds ten thousand. We compared the mutational spectrum in the new SARS-CoV-2 mutation dataset with the previously published mutation spectrum in hypermutated genomes of rubella - another positive single stranded (ss) RNA virus. Each of the rubella isolates arose by accumulation of hundreds of mutations during propagation in a single subject, while SARS-CoV-2 mutation spectrum represents a collection events in multiple virus isolates from individuals across the world. We found a clear similarity between the spectra of single base substitutions in rubella and in SARS-CoV-2, with C to U as well as A to G and U to C being the most prominent in plus strand genomic RNA of each virus. Of those, U to C changes universally showed preference for loops versus stems in predicted RNA secondary structure. Similarly, to what was previously reported for rubella, C to U changes showed enrichment in the uCn motif, which suggested a subclass of APOBEC cytidine deaminase being a source of these substitutions. We also found enrichment of several other trinucleotide-centered mutation motifs only in SARS-CoV-2 - likely indicative of a mutation process characteristic to this virus. Altogether, the results of this analysis suggest that the mutation mechanisms that lead to hypermutation of the rubella vaccine virus in a rare pathological condition may also operate in the background of the SARS-CoV-2 viruses currently propagating in the human population. FAU - Klimczak, Leszek J AU - Klimczak LJ AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3048-2576 FAU - Randall, Thomas A AU - Randall TA AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4605-7606 FAU - Saini, Natalie AU - Saini N AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1668-5417 FAU - Li, Jian-Liang AU - Li JL AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6487-081X FAU - Gordenin, Dmitry A AU - Gordenin DA AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8399-1836 LA - eng PT - Preprint DEP - 20200803 TA - bioRxiv JT - bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology JID - 101680187 UIN - PLoS One. 2020 Oct 2;15(10):e0237689. PMID: 33006981 PMC - PMC7418721 EDAT- 2020/08/15 06:00 MHDA- 2020/08/15 06:01 CRDT- 2020/08/15 06:00 PHST- 2020/08/15 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2020/08/15 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/08/15 06:01 [medline] AID - 2020.08.03.234005 [pii] AID - 10.1101/2020.08.03.234005 [doi] PST - epublish SO - bioRxiv. 2020 Aug 3:2020.08.03.234005. doi: 10.1101/2020.08.03.234005. Preprint. PMID- 24282305 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20140221 LR - 20211021 IS - 1091-6490 (Electronic) IS - 0027-8424 (Print) IS - 0027-8424 (Linking) VI - 110 IP - 50 DP - 2013 Dec 10 TI - Rubella virus capsid protein structure and its role in virus assembly and infection. PG - 20105-10 LID - 10.1073/pnas.1316681110 [doi] AB - Rubella virus (RV) is a leading cause of birth defects due to infectious agents. When contracted during pregnancy, RV infection leads to severe damage in fetuses. Despite its medical importance, compared with the related alphaviruses, very little is known about the structure of RV. The RV capsid protein is an essential structural component of virions as well as a key factor in virus-host interactions. Here we describe three crystal structures of the structural domain of the RV capsid protein. The polypeptide fold of the RV capsid protomer has not been observed previously. Combining the atomic structure of the RV capsid protein with the cryoelectron tomograms of RV particles established a low-resolution structure of the virion. Mutational studies based on this structure confirmed the role of amino acid residues in the capsid that function in the assembly of infectious virions. FAU - Mangala Prasad, Vidya AU - Mangala Prasad V AD - Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907. FAU - Willows, Steven D AU - Willows SD FAU - Fokine, Andrei AU - Fokine A FAU - Battisti, Anthony J AU - Battisti AJ FAU - Sun, Siyang AU - Sun S FAU - Plevka, Pavel AU - Plevka P FAU - Hobman, Tom C AU - Hobman TC FAU - Rossmann, Michael G AU - Rossmann MG LA - eng SI - PDB/4HAR SI - PDB/4HBE SI - PDB/4HBO GR - R01 AI095366/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States GR - CAPMC/CIHR/Canada GR - AI-095366/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. DEP - 20131126 TA - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A JT - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America JID - 7505876 RN - 0 (Capsid Proteins) RN - 0 (Oligonucleotides) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Capsid Proteins/*chemistry/genetics MH - Chlorocebus aethiops MH - Cryoelectron Microscopy MH - Crystallography, X-Ray MH - DNA Mutational Analysis MH - *Models, Molecular MH - Oligonucleotides/genetics MH - *Protein Conformation MH - Rubella virus/*genetics/ultrastructure MH - Virus Assembly/genetics/*physiology PMC - PMC3864302 OTO - NOTNLM OT - X-ray crystallography OT - cryoelectron tomography OT - virology COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. EDAT- 2013/11/28 06:00 MHDA- 2014/02/22 06:00 CRDT- 2013/11/28 06:00 PHST- 2013/11/28 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2013/11/28 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2014/02/22 06:00 [medline] AID - 1316681110 [pii] AID - 201316681 [pii] AID - 10.1073/pnas.1316681110 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Dec 10;110(50):20105-10. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1316681110. Epub 2013 Nov 26. PMID- 25957894 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20160615 LR - 20150817 IS - 1876-035X (Electronic) IS - 1876-0341 (Linking) VI - 8 IP - 5 DP - 2015 Sep-Oct TI - Seroprevalence of measles and rubella virus antibodies in the population of the Community of Madrid, 2008-2009. PG - 432-40 LID - S1876-0341(15)00048-9 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.jiph.2015.01.012 [doi] AB - The seroprevalence (SP) of measles and rubella virus antibodies is presented by age groups obtained in the IV Serosurvey of the Region of Madrid (2008-2009). The target population is composed of residents with ages ranging between 2 and 60 years in the Region of Madrid. A two-stage cluster sample is used. The SP of measles virus antibodies is 97.8% (CI 95%: 97.3-98.2). The highest SP is observed in the 2-5 year and 41-60 year age groups. The point estimate does not reach 95% in the 16-20 and 21-30 year age groups. The SP of rubella virus antibodies is 97.2% (CI 95%: 96.5-97.7). The SP is over 95% in all of the age groups. In immigrant women between the ages of 16 and 49, the SP is 95.9% (CI 95%: 93.7-97.4). The identification of groups susceptible to the measles virus in young adults could lead to outbreaks as a result of importing the virus. The circulation of the rubella virus is possible among immigrant women aged between 16 and 49 years, which could lead to the appearance of SRC cases. Epidemiological surveillance will allow the impact on the measles and rubella elimination plan to be determined in the future. CI - Copyright © 2015 King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. FAU - García-Comas, Luis AU - García-Comas L AD - Health Department of the Community of Madrid, Subdirectorate General of Health Promotion and Prevention, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: luis.garcia@salud.madrid.org. FAU - Sanz Moreno, J C AU - Sanz Moreno JC AD - Health Department of the Community of Madrid, Regional Public Health Laboratory, Madrid, Spain. FAU - Ordobás Gavín, M AU - Ordobás Gavín M AD - Health Department of the Community of Madrid, Subdirectorate General of Health Promotion and Prevention, Madrid, Spain. FAU - Barranco Ordóñez, D AU - Barranco Ordóñez D AD - Health Department of the Community of Madrid, Subdirectorate General of Health Promotion and Prevention, Madrid, Spain. FAU - García Gutiérrez, J AU - García Gutiérrez J AD - Health Department of the Community of Madrid, Subdirectorate General of Health Promotion and Prevention, Madrid, Spain. FAU - Ramos Blázquez, B AU - Ramos Blázquez B AD - Health Department of the Community of Madrid, Regional Public Health Laboratory, Madrid, Spain. FAU - Rodero Garduño, I AU - Rodero Garduño I AD - Health Department of the Community of Madrid, Subdirectorate General of Health Promotion and Prevention, Madrid, Spain. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Observational Study DEP - 20150507 PL - England TA - J Infect Public Health JT - Journal of infection and public health JID - 101487384 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Age Factors MH - Antibodies, Viral/*blood MH - Child MH - Child, Preschool MH - Emigrants and Immigrants MH - Epidemiological Monitoring MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Measles/*epidemiology/prevention & control MH - Measles virus/*immunology MH - Middle Aged MH - Rubella/*epidemiology/prevention & control MH - Rubella virus/*immunology MH - Seroepidemiologic Studies MH - Spain/epidemiology MH - Young Adult OTO - NOTNLM OT - Epidemiological surveillance OT - Measles OT - Population surveys OT - Rubella OT - Seroprevalence EDAT- 2015/05/11 06:00 MHDA- 2016/06/16 06:00 CRDT- 2015/05/11 06:00 PHST- 2015/01/14 00:00 [received] PHST- 2015/01/23 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2015/05/11 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2015/05/11 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2016/06/16 06:00 [medline] AID - S1876-0341(15)00048-9 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.jiph.2015.01.012 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Infect Public Health. 2015 Sep-Oct;8(5):432-40. doi: 10.1016/j.jiph.2015.01.012. Epub 2015 May 7. PMID- 33006981 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20201014 LR - 20201218 IS - 1932-6203 (Electronic) IS - 1932-6203 (Linking) VI - 15 IP - 10 DP - 2020 TI - Similarity between mutation spectra in hypermutated genomes of rubella virus and in SARS-CoV-2 genomes accumulated during the COVID-19 pandemic. PG - e0237689 LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0237689 [doi] LID - e0237689 AB - Genomes of tens of thousands of SARS-CoV2 isolates have been sequenced across the world and the total number of changes (predominantly single base substitutions) in these isolates exceeds ten thousand. We compared the mutational spectrum in the new SARS-CoV-2 mutation dataset with the previously published mutation spectrum in hypermutated genomes of rubella-another positive single stranded (ss) RNA virus. Each of the rubella virus isolates arose by accumulation of hundreds of mutations during propagation in a single subject, while SARS-CoV-2 mutation spectrum represents a collection events in multiple virus isolates from individuals across the world. We found a clear similarity between the spectra of single base substitutions in rubella and in SARS-CoV-2, with C to U as well as A to G and U to C being the most prominent in plus strand genomic RNA of each virus. Of those, U to C changes universally showed preference for loops versus stems in predicted RNA secondary structure. Similarly, to what was previously reported for rubella virus, C to U changes showed enrichment in the uCn motif, which suggested a subclass of APOBEC cytidine deaminase being a source of these substitutions. We also found enrichment of several other trinucleotide-centered mutation motifs only in SARS-CoV-2-likely indicative of a mutation process characteristic to this virus. Altogether, the results of this analysis suggest that the mutation mechanisms that lead to hypermutation of the rubella vaccine virus in a rare pathological condition may also operate in the background of the SARS-CoV-2 viruses currently propagating in the human population. FAU - Klimczak, Leszek J AU - Klimczak LJ AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3048-2576 AD - Integrative Bioinformatics Support Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Durham, North Carolina, United State of America. FAU - Randall, Thomas A AU - Randall TA AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4605-7606 AD - Integrative Bioinformatics Support Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Durham, North Carolina, United State of America. FAU - Saini, Natalie AU - Saini N AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1668-5417 AD - Mechanisms of Genome Dynamics Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Durham, North Carolina, United State of America. FAU - Li, Jian-Liang AU - Li JL AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6487-081X AD - Integrative Bioinformatics Support Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Durham, North Carolina, United State of America. FAU - Gordenin, Dmitry A AU - Gordenin DA AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8399-1836 AD - Mechanisms of Genome Dynamics Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Durham, North Carolina, United State of America. LA - eng GR - ZIA ES103266/ImNIH/Intramural NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural DEP - 20201002 TA - PLoS One JT - PloS one JID - 101285081 RN - 0 (RNA, Viral) RN - EC 3.5.4.5 (Cytidine Deaminase) SB - IM UOF - bioRxiv. 2020 Aug 03;:. PMID: 32793907 MH - Betacoronavirus/*genetics MH - COVID-19 MH - Coronavirus Infections/virology MH - Cytidine Deaminase/genetics MH - Databases, Genetic MH - Evolution, Molecular MH - *Genome, Viral MH - Humans MH - Mutation MH - Pandemics MH - Pneumonia, Viral/virology MH - RNA, Viral/*genetics MH - Rubella virus/*genetics MH - SARS-CoV-2 PMC - PMC7531822 COIS- The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. EDAT- 2020/10/03 06:00 MHDA- 2020/10/21 06:00 CRDT- 2020/10/02 17:08 PHST- 2020/07/30 00:00 [received] PHST- 2020/09/21 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2020/10/02 17:08 [entrez] PHST- 2020/10/03 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/10/21 06:00 [medline] AID - PONE-D-20-23843 [pii] AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0237689 [doi] PST - epublish SO - PLoS One. 2020 Oct 2;15(10):e0237689. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237689. eCollection 2020. PMID- 26968901 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20161219 LR - 20161230 IS - 1532-2777 (Electronic) IS - 0306-9877 (Linking) VI - 89 DP - 2016 Apr TI - Well begun is half done: Rubella virus perturbs autophagy signaling, thereby facilitating the construction of viral replication compartments. PG - 16-20 LID - S0306-9877(16)00030-X [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.mehy.2016.01.011 [doi] AB - The rubella virus is the causative agent of postnatal German measles and the congenital rubella syndrome. The majority of the rubella virus replication complexes originate from the endomembrane system. The rubella virus perturbs the signaling pathways regulating the formation of autophagic membranes in the infected cells, including the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/Akt pathways. It is widely accepted that these pathways inhibit autophagy. In contrast, the class III PI3K enzymes are essential for autophagy initiation. By manipulating the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK, class I PI3K/Akt and class III PI3K axes of signal transduction, the rubella virus may differentially regulate the autophagic cascade, with consequent stimulation of the initiation and strong suppression of the later phases. Dysregulation of autophagy by this virus can have a significant impact on the construction of replication compartments by regulating membrane trafficking. We hypothesize that the rubella virus perturbs the autophagic process in order to prevent the degradation of the virus progeny, and to ensure its replication by hijacking omegasomes for the construction of the replication complexes. The virus is therefore able to utilize an antiviral mechanism to its own advantage. Therapeutic modalities targeting the autophagic process may help to ameliorate the serious consequences of the congenital rubella syndrome. CI - Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. FAU - Orosz, László AU - Orosz L AD - Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Dóm tér 10., Hungary. FAU - Megyeri, Klára AU - Megyeri K AD - Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Dóm tér 10., Hungary. Electronic address: megyeri.klara@med.u-szeged.hu. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20160127 PL - United States TA - Med Hypotheses JT - Medical hypotheses JID - 7505668 SB - IM MH - Autophagy/*physiology MH - Cell Membrane/*metabolism/*virology MH - Host-Pathogen Interactions/physiology MH - Humans MH - Models, Biological MH - Rubella virus/*pathogenicity/*physiology MH - Signal Transduction MH - Virus Replication/*physiology EDAT- 2016/03/13 06:00 MHDA- 2016/12/20 06:00 CRDT- 2016/03/13 06:00 PHST- 2015/07/21 00:00 [received] PHST- 2016/01/20 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2016/03/13 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2016/03/13 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2016/12/20 06:00 [medline] AID - S0306-9877(16)00030-X [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.mehy.2016.01.011 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Med Hypotheses. 2016 Apr;89:16-20. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2016.01.011. Epub 2016 Jan 27. PMID- 30124420 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20190422 LR - 20190422 IS - 1080-6059 (Electronic) IS - 1080-6040 (Print) IS - 1080-6040 (Linking) VI - 24 IP - 9 DP - 2018 Sep TI - Rubella Virus Genotype 1E in Travelers Returning to Japan from Indonesia, 2017. PG - 1763-1765 LID - 10.3201/eid2409.180621 [doi] AB - Although rubella is epidemic in Indonesia, the phylogenetic profile of circulating rubella virus strains has not been clarified. In 2017, rubella virus was detected in 2 travelers who returned from Indonesia to Japan. These strains were classified into genotype 1E lineage 2, which may be an indigenous strain in Indonesia. FAU - Kanbayashi, Daiki AU - Kanbayashi D FAU - Kurata, Takako AU - Kurata T FAU - Nishino, Yuka AU - Nishino Y FAU - Orii, Fumi AU - Orii F FAU - Takii, Yuki AU - Takii Y FAU - Kinoshita, Masaru AU - Kinoshita M FAU - Ohara, Toshitake AU - Ohara T FAU - Motomura, Kazushi AU - Motomura K FAU - Yumisashi, Takahiro AU - Yumisashi T LA - eng PT - Case Reports PT - Letter PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't TA - Emerg Infect Dis JT - Emerging infectious diseases JID - 9508155 SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Diagnosis, Differential MH - Genotype MH - Humans MH - Indonesia MH - Japan MH - Male MH - Phylogeny MH - Rubella/*diagnosis/prevention & control/virology MH - Rubella virus/classification/genetics/*isolation & purification MH - *Travel PMC - PMC6106410 OTO - NOTNLM OT - *Indonesia OT - *Japan OT - *genotype 1E OT - *lineage 2 OT - *rubella OT - *rubella virus OT - *viruses EDAT- 2018/08/21 06:00 MHDA- 2019/04/23 06:00 CRDT- 2018/08/21 06:00 PHST- 2018/08/21 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2018/08/21 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2019/04/23 06:00 [medline] AID - 18-0621 [pii] AID - 10.3201/eid2409.180621 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Emerg Infect Dis. 2018 Sep;24(9):1763-1765. doi: 10.3201/eid2409.180621. PMID- 14720390 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20040414 LR - 20181113 IS - 1080-6040 (Print) IS - 1080-6059 (Electronic) IS - 1080-6040 (Linking) VI - 9 IP - 12 DP - 2003 Dec TI - Global distribution of rubella virus genotypes. PG - 1523-30 AB - Phylogenetic analysis of a collection of 103 E1 gene sequences from rubella viruses isolated from 17 countries from 1961 to 2000 confirmed the existence of at least two genotypes. Rubella genotype I (RGI) isolates, predominant in Europe, Japan, and the Western Hemisphere, segregated into discrete subgenotypes; international subgenotypes present in the 1960s and 1970s were replaced by geographically restricted subgenotypes after approximately 1980. Recently, active subgenotypes include one in the United States and Latin America, one in China, and a third that apparently originated in Asia and spread to Europe and North America, starting in 1997, indicating the recent emergence of an international subgenotype. A virus that potentially arose as a recombinant between two RGI subgenotypes was discovered. Rubella genotype II (RGII) showed greater genetic diversity than did RGI and may actually consist of multiple genotypes. RGII viruses were limited to Asia and Europe; RGI viruses were also present in most of the countries where RGII viruses were isolated. FAU - Zheng, Du-Ping AU - Zheng DP AD - Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA. FAU - Frey, Teryl K AU - Frey TK FAU - Icenogle, Joseph AU - Icenogle J FAU - Katow, Shigetaka AU - Katow S FAU - Abernathy, Emily S AU - Abernathy ES FAU - Song, Ki-Joon AU - Song KJ FAU - Xu, Wen-Bo AU - Xu WB FAU - Yarulin, Vitaly AU - Yarulin V FAU - Desjatskova, R G AU - Desjatskova RG FAU - Aboudy, Yair AU - Aboudy Y FAU - Enders, Gisela AU - Enders G FAU - Croxson, Margaret AU - Croxson M LA - eng GR - R01 AI021389/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States GR - AI21389/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. TA - Emerg Infect Dis JT - Emerging infectious diseases JID - 9508155 RN - 0 (DNA, Viral) RN - 0 (Viral Envelope Proteins) SB - IM CIN - Emerg Infect Dis. 2004 Sep;10(9):1696-7. PMID: 15503412 MH - Base Sequence MH - Cluster Analysis MH - DNA, Viral/chemistry/genetics MH - Genetic Variation MH - Genotype MH - Humans MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - Phylogeny MH - Rubella/*epidemiology/virology MH - Rubella virus/classification/*genetics MH - Sequence Analysis, DNA MH - Viral Envelope Proteins/chemistry/genetics PMC - PMC3034328 EDAT- 2004/01/15 05:00 MHDA- 2004/04/15 05:00 CRDT- 2004/01/15 05:00 PHST- 2004/01/15 05:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2004/04/15 05:00 [medline] PHST- 2004/01/15 05:00 [entrez] AID - 03-0242 [pii] AID - 10.3201/eid0912.030242 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Emerg Infect Dis. 2003 Dec;9(12):1523-30. doi: 10.3201/eid0912.030242. PMID- 15056254 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20040608 LR - 20160511 IS - 1328-8067 (Print) IS - 1328-8067 (Linking) VI - 46 IP - 2 DP - 2004 Apr TI - Molecular epidemiology of rubella virus in Asia: utility for reduction in the burden of diseases due to congenital rubella syndrome. PG - 207-13 AB - BACKGROUND: Rubella is a mild disease mainly of infants, involving a rash and a fever. However, when women who have no immunity to rubella are infected during the early stage of pregnancy, their babies are often born with congenital rubella syndrome (CRS), which is characterized by a few disorders including deafness, cataracts and heart malformations. To prevent CRS, several strains of live attenuated rubella vaccine have been developed and introduced into immunization programs in many countries. In most Asian countries except Japan, Singapore and Taiwan, rubella remains uncontrolled, and the burden of diseases from CRS is high. In order to develop a control program to reduce the number of CRS cases in Asian countries, it is necessary to conduct a survey of rubella and CRS cases, and to then determine the genotype of the circulating rubella virus in each country. METHODS: Cases of rubella and CRS, based on national reporting systems or active surveillance in the Asian countries, are summarized. Sequences of the E1 gene of the virus isolates from the Asian countries were compared by phylogenic analysis. RESULTS: Recent studies of the molecular epidemiology of rubella virus worldwide revealed that there are two genotypes, and that genotype I is circulating almost worldwide, while genotype II is an Asian prototype restricted to the Asian continent. Genotype I viruses fall into a number of groups, some of which are geographically localized. Antigenically these two genotypes are cross-reactive and immunization with either virus results in immunity to all rubella viruses. DISCUSSION: The hypotheses that rubella virus has evolved on the Asian continent is proposed. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recognized that a rubella immunization program can be combined with the measles immunization program. Inclusion of rubella in the expanded program of immunization (EPI) of measles would be ideal in Asian countries, as it would be efficient and cost effective to administer one injection containing a three-combined vaccine (MMR). It would also be desirable given that WHO require laboratory tests to confirm the presence of measles or rubella as part of it's measles control project, because rubella is often misdiagnosed as measles. FAU - Katow, Shigetaka AU - Katow S AD - Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan. sqk6@cdc.gov LA - eng PT - Journal Article PL - Australia TA - Pediatr Int JT - Pediatrics international : official journal of the Japan Pediatric Society JID - 100886002 SB - IM MH - Asia/epidemiology MH - Humans MH - Rubella/*epidemiology/*prevention & control MH - Rubella Syndrome, Congenital/*epidemiology/*prevention & control MH - Rubella virus/*genetics EDAT- 2004/04/02 05:00 MHDA- 2004/06/21 10:00 CRDT- 2004/04/02 05:00 PHST- 2004/04/02 05:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2004/06/21 10:00 [medline] PHST- 2004/04/02 05:00 [entrez] AID - PED1866 [pii] AID - 10.1046/j.1442-200x.2004.01866.x [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Pediatr Int. 2004 Apr;46(2):207-13. doi: 10.1046/j.1442-200x.2004.01866.x. PMID- 29070689 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20190603 LR - 20191210 IS - 1098-5514 (Electronic) IS - 0022-538X (Print) IS - 0022-538X (Linking) VI - 92 IP - 1 DP - 2018 Jan 1 TI - Both Sphingomyelin and Cholesterol in the Host Cell Membrane Are Essential for Rubella Virus Entry. LID - 10.1128/JVI.01130-17 [doi] LID - e01130-17 AB - Rubella virus (RuV) causes a systemic infection, and transplacental fetal infection causes congenital rubella syndrome. In this study, we showed that treatment of cells with sphingomyelinase inhibited RuV infection. Assays using inhibitors of serine palmitoyl transferase and ceramide transport protein demonstrated the contribution of sphingomyelin (SM) to RuV infection. Compelling evidence for direct binding of RuV to lipid membranes at neutral pH was obtained using liposome coflotation assays. The absence of either SM or cholesterol (Chol) abrogated the RuV-liposome interaction. SM and Chol (SM/Chol) were also critical for RuV binding to erythrocytes and lymphoid cells. Removal of Ca(2+) from the assay buffer or mutation of RuV envelope E1 protein Ca(2+)-binding sites abrogated RuV binding to liposomes, erythrocytes, and lymphoid cells. However, RuV bound to various nonlymphoid adherent cell lines independently of extracellular Ca(2+) or SM/Chol. Even in these adherent cell lines, both the E1 protein Ca(2+)-binding sites and cellular SM/Chol were essential for the early stage of RuV infection, possibly affecting envelope-membrane fusion in acidic compartments. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) has recently been identified as a cellular receptor for RuV. However, RuV bound to MOG-negative cells in a Ca(2+)-independent manner. Collectively, our data demonstrate that RuV has two distinct binding mechanisms: one is Ca(2+) dependent and the other is Ca(2+) independent. Ca(2+)-dependent binding observed in lymphoid cells occurs by the direct interaction between E1 protein fusion loops and SM/Chol-enriched membranes. Clarification of the mechanism of Ca(2+)-independent RuV binding is an important next step in understanding the pathology of RuV infection.IMPORTANCE Rubella has a significant impact on public health as infection during early pregnancy can result in babies being born with congenital rubella syndrome. Even though effective rubella vaccines are available, rubella outbreaks still occur in many countries. We studied the entry mechanism of rubella virus (RuV) and found that RuV binds directly to the host plasma membrane in the presence of Ca(2+) at neutral pH. This Ca(2+)-dependent binding is specifically directed to membranes enriched in sphingomyelin and cholesterol and is critical for RuV infection. Importantly, RuV also binds to many cell lines in a Ca(2+)-independent manner. An unidentified RuV receptor(s) is involved in this Ca(2+)-independent binding. We believe that the data presented here may aid the development of the first anti-RuV drug. CI - Copyright © 2017 American Society for Microbiology. FAU - Otsuki, Noriyuki AU - Otsuki N AD - Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan. FAU - Sakata, Masafumi AU - Sakata M AD - Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan. FAU - Saito, Kyoko AU - Saito K AD - Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan. FAU - Okamoto, Kiyoko AU - Okamoto K AD - Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan. FAU - Mori, Yoshio AU - Mori Y AD - Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan. FAU - Hanada, Kentaro AU - Hanada K AD - Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan hanak@nih.go.jp mtakeda@nih.go.jp. FAU - Takeda, Makoto AU - Takeda M AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8194-7727 AD - Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan hanak@nih.go.jp mtakeda@nih.go.jp. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20171214 TA - J Virol JT - Journal of virology JID - 0113724 RN - 0 (MOG protein, human) RN - 0 (Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein) RN - 0 (Sphingomyelins) RN - 0 (Viral Envelope Proteins) RN - 97C5T2UQ7J (Cholesterol) RN - EC 3.1.4.12 (Sphingomyelin Phosphodiesterase) RN - SY7Q814VUP (Calcium) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Binding Sites MH - Calcium/*metabolism MH - Cell Line MH - Cell Membrane/metabolism MH - Chlorocebus aethiops MH - Cholesterol/*metabolism MH - HEK293 Cells MH - HeLa Cells MH - Humans MH - Jurkat Cells MH - Mutation MH - Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein/metabolism MH - Rubella/*metabolism/prevention & control MH - Rubella virus/drug effects/*physiology MH - Sphingomyelin Phosphodiesterase/pharmacology MH - Sphingomyelins/*metabolism MH - Vero Cells MH - Viral Envelope Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism MH - Virus Internalization/drug effects PMC - PMC5730775 OTO - NOTNLM OT - *cholesterol OT - *lipid OT - *rubella OT - *sphingomyelin OT - *virus entry EDAT- 2017/10/27 06:00 MHDA- 2019/06/04 06:00 CRDT- 2017/10/27 06:00 PHST- 2017/07/04 00:00 [received] PHST- 2017/10/17 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2017/10/27 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2019/06/04 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2017/10/27 06:00 [entrez] AID - JVI.01130-17 [pii] AID - 01130-17 [pii] AID - 10.1128/JVI.01130-17 [doi] PST - epublish SO - J Virol. 2017 Dec 14;92(1):e01130-17. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01130-17. Print 2018 Jan 1. PMID- 21379337 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20110719 LR - 20211020 IS - 1553-7374 (Electronic) IS - 1553-7366 (Print) IS - 1553-7366 (Linking) VI - 7 IP - 2 DP - 2011 Feb TI - The Rubella virus capsid is an anti-apoptotic protein that attenuates the pore-forming ability of Bax. PG - e1001291 LID - 10.1371/journal.ppat.1001291 [doi] LID - e1001291 AB - Apoptosis is an important mechanism by which virus-infected cells are eliminated from the host. Accordingly, many viruses have evolved strategies to prevent or delay apoptosis in order to provide a window of opportunity in which virus replication, assembly and egress can take place. Interfering with apoptosis may also be important for establishment and/or maintenance of persistent infections. Whereas large DNA viruses have the luxury of encoding accessory proteins whose primary function is to undermine programmed cell death pathways, it is generally thought that most RNA viruses do not encode these types of proteins. Here we report that the multifunctional capsid protein of Rubella virus is a potent inhibitor of apoptosis. The main mechanism of action was specific for Bax as capsid bound Bax and prevented Bax-induced apoptosis but did not bind Bak nor inhibit Bak-induced apoptosis. Intriguingly, interaction with capsid protein resulted in activation of Bax in the absence of apoptotic stimuli, however, release of cytochrome c from mitochondria and concomitant activation of caspase 3 did not occur. Accordingly, we propose that binding of capsid to Bax induces the formation of hetero-oligomers that are incompetent for pore formation. Importantly, data from reverse genetic studies are consistent with a scenario in which the anti-apoptotic activity of capsid protein is important for virus replication. If so, this would be among the first demonstrations showing that blocking apoptosis is important for replication of an RNA virus. Finally, it is tempting to speculate that other slowly replicating RNA viruses employ similar mechanisms to avoid killing infected cells. FAU - Ilkow, Carolina S AU - Ilkow CS AD - Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada. FAU - Goping, Ing Swie AU - Goping IS FAU - Hobman, Tom C AU - Hobman TC LA - eng GR - Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20110217 TA - PLoS Pathog JT - PLoS pathogens JID - 101238921 RN - 0 (Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins) RN - 0 (Capsid Proteins) RN - 0 (RNA, Messenger) RN - 0 (bcl-2 Homologous Antagonist-Killer Protein) RN - 0 (bcl-2-Associated X Protein) SB - IM MH - *Apoptosis MH - Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/genetics/*metabolism MH - Blotting, Western MH - Capsid Proteins/genetics/*metabolism MH - Cells, Cultured MH - Flow Cytometry MH - Fluorescent Antibody Technique MH - Humans MH - Immunoprecipitation MH - Kidney/cytology/virology MH - Mitochondria/*metabolism MH - RNA, Messenger/genetics MH - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction MH - Rubella/genetics/metabolism/virology MH - Rubella virus/genetics/*metabolism MH - Virus Assembly MH - Virus Replication MH - bcl-2 Homologous Antagonist-Killer Protein/genetics/metabolism MH - bcl-2-Associated X Protein/genetics/*metabolism PMC - PMC3040668 COIS- The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. EDAT- 2011/03/08 06:00 MHDA- 2011/07/20 06:00 CRDT- 2011/03/08 06:00 PHST- 2010/04/14 00:00 [received] PHST- 2011/01/12 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2011/03/08 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2011/03/08 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2011/07/20 06:00 [medline] AID - 10-PLPA-RA-3128R3 [pii] AID - 10.1371/journal.ppat.1001291 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - PLoS Pathog. 2011 Feb;7(2):e1001291. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1001291. Epub 2011 Feb 17. PMID- 34824740 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20211129 LR - 20211129 IS - 2008-9872 (Electronic) IS - 0365-3439 (Print) IS - 0365-3439 (Linking) VI - 76 IP - 3 DP - 2021 Summer TI - Characterizing the BHK-21 C5 cell line and determining cellular sensitivity to rubella virus compared with the routine cell (RK13). PG - 461-469 LID - 10.22092/ari.2020.342274.1458 [doi] AB - The World Health Organization has strict rules and recommendations on the selection and use of cell substrates in laboratories. Given the widespread use of safe and secure cell substrates in the production and quality control of viral vaccines and also the high demand for vaccines against viral diseases, obligating the selection of a suitable cell substrate for cultivation and production of biological products. Animal cell lines play a valuable role in the preparation and propagation of viral seeds; thus, the current study used the BHK-21 cell line among others for viral checking with the aim of replacing the BHK-21 C5 cell line with the RK13 cell line to investigate the cytopathic effects of the rubella virus. To this end, attempts were made to determine the characteristics of the BHK-21 C5 cell line including cell growth characteristics and sterility tests to validate its safety and security. Then, by culturing the cells in a 96-well microplate, titration of the rubella virus was subsequently performed by preparing serial dilutions of the virus from 10(-1) to 10(-5) and inoculated to cell lines in order to compare the sensitivity of BHK-21 C5 and RK13 cell lines to rubella virus. Data analysis according to the results of the tests by ahead default, p-value < 0/05 was equal to p-value = 0.01 based on SPSS analysis with the paired-sample t-test. In addition, the box-plot diagram indicated a significant difference between these cell lines. Based on the results, the BHK-21 C5 cell line seems to be more sensitive to the rubella virus than others. Therefore, it can be used for production and quality control of the vaccine and in research and diagnosis of rubella. FAU - Ziyaeifar, F AU - Ziyaeifar F AD - Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. FAU - Soleimani, S AU - Soleimani S AD - Department of Bio bank, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), P.O. Box 31975-148, Karaj, Iran. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20210901 TA - Arch Razi Inst JT - Archives of Razi Institute JID - 101549567 RN - 0 (Viral Vaccines) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Cell Line MH - Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral MH - *Rubella virus MH - *Viral Vaccines PMC - PMC8605850 OTO - NOTNLM OT - * BHK-21 C5 cell line OT - * RK13 cell line OT - * characterization OT - * rubella virus OT - * titration test EDAT- 2021/11/27 06:00 MHDA- 2021/11/30 06:00 CRDT- 2021/11/26 06:54 PHST- 2020/03/10 00:00 [received] PHST- 2020/05/02 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2021/11/26 06:54 [entrez] PHST- 2021/11/27 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/11/30 06:00 [medline] AID - ARI-76-3 [pii] AID - 10.22092/ari.2020.342274.1458 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Arch Razi Inst. 2021 Sep 1;76(3):461-469. doi: 10.22092/ari.2020.342274.1458. eCollection 2021 Summer. PMID- 23292515 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20130304 LR - 20211021 IS - 1476-4687 (Electronic) IS - 0028-0836 (Linking) VI - 493 IP - 7433 DP - 2013 Jan 24 TI - Functional and evolutionary insight from the crystal structure of rubella virus protein E1. PG - 552-6 LID - 10.1038/nature11741 [doi] AB - Little is known about the three-dimensional organization of rubella virus, which causes a relatively mild measles-like disease in children but leads to serious congenital health problems when contracted in utero. Although rubella virus belongs to the same family as the mosquito-borne alphaviruses, in many respects it is more similar to other aerosol-transmitted human viruses such as the agents of measles and mumps. Although the use of the triple MMR (measles, mumps and rubella) live vaccine has limited its incidence in western countries, congenital rubella syndrome remains an important health problem in the developing world. Here we report the 1.8 Å resolution crystal structure of envelope glycoprotein E1, the main antigen and sole target of neutralizing antibodies against rubella virus. E1 is the main player during entry into target cells owing to its receptor-binding and membrane-fusion functions. The structure reveals the epitope and the neutralization mechanism of an important category of protecting antibodies against rubella infection. It also shows that rubella virus E1 is a class II fusion protein, which had hitherto only been structurally characterized for the arthropod-borne alphaviruses and flaviviruses. In addition, rubella virus E1 has an extensive membrane-fusion surface that includes a metal site, reminiscent of the T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin family of cellular proteins that bind phosphatidylserine lipids at the plasma membrane of cells undergoing apoptosis. Such features have not been seen in any fusion protein crystallized so far. Structural comparisons show that the class II fusion proteins from alphaviruses and flaviviruses, despite belonging to different virus families, are closer to each other than they are to rubella virus E1. This suggests that the constraints on arboviruses imposed by alternating cycles between vertebrates and arthropods resulted in more conservative evolution. By contrast, in the absence of this constraint, the strictly human rubella virus seems to have drifted considerably into a unique niche as sole member of the Rubivirus genus. FAU - DuBois, Rebecca M AU - DuBois RM AD - Institut Pasteur, Département de Virologie, Unité de Virologie Structurale and CNRS URA 3015, F-75724 Paris Cedex 15, France. FAU - Vaney, Marie-Christine AU - Vaney MC FAU - Tortorici, M Alejandra AU - Tortorici MA FAU - Kurdi, Rana Al AU - Kurdi RA FAU - Barba-Spaeth, Giovanna AU - Barba-Spaeth G FAU - Krey, Thomas AU - Krey T FAU - Rey, Félix A AU - Rey FA LA - eng SI - PDB/4ADG SI - PDB/4ADI SI - PDB/4ADJ SI - PDB/4B3V PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20130106 PL - England TA - Nature JT - Nature JID - 0410462 RN - 0 (Liposomes) RN - 0 (Metals) RN - 0 (Viral Envelope Proteins) RN - 131016-01-8 (E1 envelope protein, Rubella virus) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Binding Sites MH - *Biological Evolution MH - Cell Line MH - Crystallography, X-Ray MH - Drosophila melanogaster MH - Evolution, Molecular MH - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration MH - Liposomes/chemistry/metabolism MH - Membrane Fusion MH - Metals/metabolism MH - Models, Molecular MH - Protein Multimerization MH - Rubella Syndrome, Congenital/virology MH - Rubella virus/*chemistry/physiology MH - Viral Envelope Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism/ultrastructure EDAT- 2013/01/08 06:00 MHDA- 2013/03/05 06:00 CRDT- 2013/01/08 06:00 PHST- 2012/06/18 00:00 [received] PHST- 2012/10/31 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2013/01/08 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2013/01/08 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2013/03/05 06:00 [medline] AID - nature11741 [pii] AID - 10.1038/nature11741 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Nature. 2013 Jan 24;493(7433):552-6. doi: 10.1038/nature11741. Epub 2013 Jan 6. PMID- 28575072 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20170921 LR - 20181215 IS - 1553-7374 (Electronic) IS - 1553-7366 (Print) IS - 1553-7366 (Linking) VI - 13 IP - 6 DP - 2017 Jun TI - Assembly, maturation and three-dimensional helical structure of the teratogenic rubella virus. PG - e1006377 LID - 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006377 [doi] LID - e1006377 AB - Viral infections during pregnancy are a significant cause of infant morbidity and mortality. Of these, rubella virus infection is a well-substantiated example that leads to miscarriages or severe fetal defects. However, structural information about the rubella virus has been lacking due to the pleomorphic nature of the virions. Here we report a helical structure of rubella virions using cryo-electron tomography. Sub-tomogram averaging of the surface spikes established the relative positions of the viral glycoproteins, which differed from the earlier icosahedral models of the virus. Tomographic analyses of in vitro assembled nucleocapsids and virions provide a template for viral assembly. Comparisons of immature and mature virions show large rearrangements in the glycoproteins that may be essential for forming the infectious virions. These results present the first known example of a helical membrane-enveloped virus, while also providing a structural basis for its assembly and maturation pathway. FAU - Mangala Prasad, Vidya AU - Mangala Prasad V AD - Department of Biological Sciences, 240 S. Martin Jischke Drive, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America. FAU - Klose, Thomas AU - Klose T AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2150-9792 AD - Department of Biological Sciences, 240 S. Martin Jischke Drive, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America. FAU - Rossmann, Michael G AU - Rossmann MG AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9468-9309 AD - Department of Biological Sciences, 240 S. Martin Jischke Drive, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America. LA - eng GR - R01 AI095366/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article DEP - 20170602 TA - PLoS Pathog JT - PLoS pathogens JID - 101238921 SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Cell Line MH - Electron Microscope Tomography MH - Humans MH - Nucleocapsid/genetics/metabolism MH - Rubella/embryology/pathology/*virology MH - Rubella virus/chemistry/genetics/*physiology/ultrastructure MH - Teratogenesis MH - *Virus Assembly PMC - PMC5470745 COIS- The authors have declared that no competing financial interests exist. EDAT- 2017/06/03 06:00 MHDA- 2017/09/22 06:00 CRDT- 2017/06/03 06:00 PHST- 2017/02/03 00:00 [received] PHST- 2017/04/25 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2017/06/14 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2017/06/03 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2017/09/22 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2017/06/03 06:00 [entrez] AID - PPATHOGENS-D-17-00250 [pii] AID - 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006377 [doi] PST - epublish SO - PLoS Pathog. 2017 Jun 2;13(6):e1006377. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006377. eCollection 2017 Jun. PMID- 21764137 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20111130 LR - 20111004 IS - 1549-4713 (Electronic) IS - 0161-6420 (Linking) VI - 118 IP - 10 DP - 2011 Oct TI - Comparison of rubella virus- and herpes virus-associated anterior uveitis: clinical manifestations and visual prognosis. PG - 1905-10 LID - 10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.03.033 [doi] AB - PURPOSE: To compare the clinical characteristics and visual prognosis of patients with anterior uveitis (AU) and intraocular fluid analysis positive for rubella virus (RV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), or varicella zoster virus (VZV). DESIGN: Retrospective, observational study. PARTICIPANTS: The study included 106 patients with AU and positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results, Goldmann-Witmer coefficients (GWCs), or both, for RV (n = 57), HSV (n = 39), or VZV (n = 10). METHODS: Clinical records of the included patients were analyzed retrospectively; demographic constitution, ophthalmologic characteristics, and visual prognosis were compared. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Age, gender, and diverse clinical and laboratory characteristics, including course and laterality of AU; prevalence of positive results for PCR, GWC, or both; conjunctival redness; corneal edema; history of keratitis; presence of keratic precipitates; synechiae; heterochromia; and grade of inflammation. In addition, complications and visual acuity at 1 and 3 years of follow-up were recorded. RESULTS: All 3 types of viral AU were characterized by unilateral involvement (80%-97%). Rubella virus AU was characterized by younger age at onset and chronic course and typically was associated with cataract at presentation. Heterochromia was present in 23% of RV AU patients. Anterior uveitis associated with HSV or VZV occurred characteristically in older patients and frequently followed an acute course. Clinical features associated with herpetic AU included conjunctival redness, corneal edema, history of keratitis, and development of posterior synechiae. Herpes simplex virus AU often had severe anterior chamber inflammation, whereas the presence of vitritis was more common in RV AU and VZV AU. The prevalence of documented intraocular pressure (IOP) of more than 30 mmHg (25%-50%; P = 0.06) and development of glaucoma (18%-30%; P = 0.686) were similar in all 3 groups. Focal chorioretinal scars were seen in 22% of RV AU eyes, in 0% of HSV AU eyes, and in 11% of VZV AU eyes (P = 0.003). Visual prognosis was favorable for all 3 groups. CONCLUSIONS: These observations identify clinical differences between RV AU, HSV AU, and VZV AU and may be of particular value to ophthalmologists who are unable to carry out intraocular fluid analysis to discriminate between these types of viral AU. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S): The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article. CI - Copyright © 2011 American Academy of Ophthalmology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. FAU - Wensing, Barbara AU - Wensing B AD - Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. barwensing@yahoo.com FAU - Relvas, Lia M AU - Relvas LM FAU - Caspers, Laure E AU - Caspers LE FAU - Valentincic, Natasa Vidovic AU - Valentincic NV FAU - Stunf, Spela AU - Stunf S FAU - de Groot-Mijnes, Jolanda D F AU - de Groot-Mijnes JD FAU - Rothova, Aniki AU - Rothova A LA - eng PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20110720 PL - United States TA - Ophthalmology JT - Ophthalmology JID - 7802443 RN - 0 (DNA, Viral) SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - Aqueous Humor/virology MH - Child MH - DNA, Viral/analysis MH - Eye Infections, Viral/*diagnosis/physiopathology/virology MH - Female MH - Genome, Viral/genetics MH - Herpes Simplex/*diagnosis/physiopathology/virology MH - Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus/*diagnosis/physiopathology/virology MH - Herpesvirus 1, Human/genetics/*isolation & purification MH - Herpesvirus 3, Human/genetics/*isolation & purification MH - Humans MH - Intraocular Pressure/physiology MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Polymerase Chain Reaction MH - Prognosis MH - Retrospective Studies MH - Rubella/*diagnosis/physiopathology/virology MH - Rubella virus/genetics/*isolation & purification MH - Uveitis, Anterior/*diagnosis/physiopathology/virology MH - Visual Acuity/physiology MH - Young Adult EDAT- 2011/07/19 06:00 MHDA- 2011/12/13 00:00 CRDT- 2011/07/19 06:00 PHST- 2011/01/27 00:00 [received] PHST- 2011/03/23 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2011/03/24 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2011/07/19 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2011/07/19 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2011/12/13 00:00 [medline] AID - S0161-6420(11)00325-3 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.03.033 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Ophthalmology. 2011 Oct;118(10):1905-10. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.03.033. Epub 2011 Jul 20. PMID- 26776468 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20160922 LR - 20160215 IS - 1873-2518 (Electronic) IS - 0264-410X (Linking) VI - 34 IP - 8 DP - 2016 Feb 17 TI - The key role of rubella virus glycoproteins in the formation of immune response, and perspectives on their use in the development of new recombinant vaccines. PG - 1006-11 LID - S0264-410X(16)00029-3 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.01.010 [doi] AB - Rubella is a highly contagious viral disease which is mostly threatens to women of reproductive age. Existent live attenuated vaccines are effective enough, but have some drawbacks and are unusable for a certain group of people, including pregnant women and people with AIDS and other immunodeficiency. Thereby the development of alternative non-replicating, recombinant vaccines undoubtedly is needed. This review discusses the protein E1 and E2 role in formation of immune response and perspectives in development of new generation recombinant vaccines using them. CI - Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. FAU - Petrova, Ekaterina K AU - Petrova EK AD - Faculty of Biology, Department of Virology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/12 Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119234, Russia. Electronic address: petrova@mail.bio.msu.ru. FAU - Dmitrieva, Anastasia A AU - Dmitrieva AA AD - Faculty of Biology, Department of Virology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/12 Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119234, Russia. FAU - Trifonova, Ekaterina A AU - Trifonova EA AD - Faculty of Biology, Department of Virology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/12 Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119234, Russia. FAU - Nikitin, Nikolai A AU - Nikitin NA AD - Faculty of Biology, Department of Virology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/12 Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119234, Russia. FAU - Karpova, Olga V AU - Karpova OV AD - Faculty of Biology, Department of Virology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/12 Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119234, Russia. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review DEP - 20160115 PL - Netherlands TA - Vaccine JT - Vaccine JID - 8406899 RN - 0 (Antigens, Viral) RN - 0 (Epitopes) RN - 0 (Recombinant Proteins) RN - 0 (Rubella Vaccine) RN - 0 (Vaccines, Synthetic) RN - 0 (Viral Envelope Proteins) RN - 131016-01-8 (E1 envelope protein, Rubella virus) RN - 131016-03-0 (E2 envelope protein, Rubella virus) SB - IM MH - Antigens, Viral/immunology MH - Epitopes/immunology MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Pregnancy MH - Recombinant Proteins/immunology MH - Rubella/*prevention & control MH - Rubella Vaccine/*immunology MH - Rubella virus MH - Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology MH - Viral Envelope Proteins/*immunology OTO - NOTNLM OT - Development of recombinant vaccines OT - Epitopes OT - Glycoproteins E1 and E2 OT - Rubella virus EDAT- 2016/01/19 06:00 MHDA- 2016/09/23 06:00 CRDT- 2016/01/19 06:00 PHST- 2015/08/03 00:00 [received] PHST- 2015/12/29 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2016/01/05 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2016/01/19 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2016/01/19 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2016/09/23 06:00 [medline] AID - S0264-410X(16)00029-3 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.01.010 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Vaccine. 2016 Feb 17;34(8):1006-11. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.01.010. Epub 2016 Jan 15. PMID- 25098560 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20141203 LR - 20211203 IS - 1432-1203 (Electronic) IS - 0340-6717 (Print) IS - 0340-6717 (Linking) VI - 133 IP - 11 DP - 2014 Nov TI - Genetic polymorphisms associated with rubella virus-specific cellular immunity following MMR vaccination. PG - 1407-17 LID - 10.1007/s00439-014-1471-z [doi] AB - Rubella virus causes a relatively benign disease in most cases, although infection during pregnancy can result in serious birth defects. An effective vaccine has been available since the early 1970s and outbreaks typically do not occur among highly vaccinated (≥2 doses) populations. Nevertheless, considerable inter-individual variation in immune response to rubella immunization does exist, with single-dose seroconversion rates ~95 %. Understanding the mechanisms behind this variability may provide important insights into rubella immunity. In the current study, we examined associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in selected cytokine, cytokine receptor, and innate/antiviral genes and immune responses following rubella vaccination in order to understand genetic influences on vaccine response. Our approach consisted of a discovery cohort of 887 subjects aged 11-22 at the time of enrollment and a replication cohort of 542 older adolescents and young adults (age 18-40). Our data indicate that SNPs near the butyrophilin genes (BTN3A3/BTN2A1) and cytokine receptors (IL10RB/IFNAR1) are associated with variations in IFNγ secretion and that multiple SNPs in the PVR gene, as well as SNPs located in the ADAR gene, exhibit significant associations with rubella virus-specific IL-6 secretion. This information may be useful, not only in furthering our understanding immune responses to rubella vaccine, but also in identifying key pathways for targeted adjuvant use to boost immunity in those with weak or absent immunity following vaccination. FAU - Kennedy, Richard B AU - Kennedy RB AD - Mayo Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Guggenheim 611C, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA. FAU - Ovsyannikova, Inna G AU - Ovsyannikova IG FAU - Haralambieva, Iana H AU - Haralambieva IH FAU - Lambert, Nathaniel D AU - Lambert ND FAU - Pankratz, V Shane AU - Pankratz VS FAU - Poland, Gregory A AU - Poland GA LA - eng GR - R01 AI033144/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 AI048793/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States GR - R37 AI048793/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States GR - AI033144/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Meta-Analysis PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20140807 TA - Hum Genet JT - Human genetics JID - 7613873 RN - 0 (Cytokines) RN - 0 (Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine) RN - 0 (Receptors, Cytokine) SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Child MH - Cohort Studies MH - Cytokines/immunology MH - Female MH - Genotype MH - Humans MH - Immunity, Cellular/*genetics MH - Male MH - Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine/*immunology MH - Phenotype MH - *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide MH - Receptors, Cytokine/immunology MH - Rubella/*prevention & control MH - Rubella virus/*immunology MH - Species Specificity MH - Vaccination MH - Whites/genetics MH - Young Adult PMC - PMC4249927 MID - NIHMS639211 COIS- Conflict of Interest Statement: Dr. Poland is the chair of a Safety Evaluation Committee for novel non-rubella investigational vaccine trials being conducted by Merck Research Laboratories. Dr. Poland offers consultative advice on vaccine development to Merck & Co. Inc., CSL Biotherapies, Avianax, Sanofi Pasteur, Dynavax, Novartis Vaccines and Therapeutics, PAXVAX Inc, and Emergent Biosolutions. Drs. Poland and Ovsyannikova hold two patents related to vaccinia and measles peptide research. These activities have been reviewed by the Mayo Clinic Conflict of Interest Review Board and are conducted in compliance with Mayo Clinic Conflict of Interest policies. This research has been reviewed by the Mayo Clinic Conflict of Interest Review Board and was conducted in compliance with Mayo Clinic Conflict of Interest policies. The other authors do not have any conflicts of interest. EDAT- 2014/08/08 06:00 MHDA- 2014/12/15 06:00 CRDT- 2014/08/08 06:00 PHST- 2014/01/17 00:00 [received] PHST- 2014/07/18 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2014/08/08 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2014/08/08 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2014/12/15 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.1007/s00439-014-1471-z [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Hum Genet. 2014 Nov;133(11):1407-17. doi: 10.1007/s00439-014-1471-z. Epub 2014 Aug 7. PMID- 34765733 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20211113 IS - 2376-0605 (Electronic) IS - 2376-0605 (Linking) VI - 7 IP - 6 DP - 2021 Nov-Dec TI - A Case of Glucocorticoid Hypersensitivity Syndrome Associated With Underlying Rubella Virus Infection. PG - 367-371 LID - 10.1016/j.aace.2021.06.010 [doi] AB - OBJECTIVE: The objective of this article is to report a rare case of glucocorticoid hypersensitivity syndrome, which may be associated with an underlying rubella virus infection. CASE REPORT: A 29-year-old man showed progressive weight gain for 16 months accompanied by a moon face, enlarged dorsocervical fat pad, central obesity, and purple striae. His cortisol circadian rhythm was normal, and plasma cortisol levels at 8:00 AM fluctuated between 3.2 and 9.54 μg/dL (reference range, 4.3-22.4 μg/dL). A dexamethasone suppression test with a very low dose (0.25 mg) of dexamethasone showed a marked decrease in plasma cortisol level to 0 μg/dL. Adrenal computed tomography and pituitary magnetic resonance imaging findings were normal. The Z-score of the bone density in the lumbar spine was -4.2. The IgM antibody for the rubella virus was positive. His erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 24 mm/hour (reference range, <15 mm/hour), and the C-reactive protein level was 9.22 mg/L (reference range, <5 mg/L). After 3 months, his symptoms resolved spontaneously. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein level returned to normal. The IgM antibody for the rubella virus turned negative, whereas the IgG antibody for the rubella virus was positive. DISCUSSION: According to the paradox between clinical manifestations and laboratory tests exogenous Cushing syndrome, cyclical Cushing syndrome, and glucocorticoid hypersensitivity syndrome all should be considered in the diagnosis. Detailed medical history inquiry, complete endocrine hormone testing, and continuous follow-up are all critical for diagnosis. CONCLUSION: Consequently, the patient was diagnosed with glucocorticoid hypersensitivity syndrome. This case illustrates the need to consider the possibility of glucocorticoid hypersensitivity syndrome in a patient who has the manifestations of Cushing syndrome but paradoxical hypocortisolemia, especially after rubella virus infection. CI - © 2021 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the AACE. FAU - Zhang, Zhen AU - Zhang Z AD - Department of Endocrinology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, China. FAU - Feng, Ying AU - Feng Y AD - Department of Endocrinology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, China. FAU - Cao, Yang AU - Cao Y AD - Department of Endocrinology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, China. FAU - Chen, Yan AU - Chen Y AD - Department of Endocrinology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, China. FAU - Li, Fangping AU - Li F AD - Department of Endocrinology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, China. LA - eng PT - Case Reports DEP - 20210623 TA - AACE Clin Case Rep JT - AACE clinical case reports JID - 101670593 PMC - PMC8573315 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Cushing syndrome OT - ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate OT - HPA, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal OT - case report OT - glucocorticoid hypersensitivity OT - hGR, human glucocorticoid receptor OT - hypocortisolemia OT - rubella virus EDAT- 2021/11/13 06:00 MHDA- 2021/11/13 06:01 CRDT- 2021/11/12 07:09 PHST- 2021/01/21 00:00 [received] PHST- 2021/05/14 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2021/06/15 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2021/11/12 07:09 [entrez] PHST- 2021/11/13 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/11/13 06:01 [medline] AID - S2376-0605(21)00083-3 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.aace.2021.06.010 [doi] PST - epublish SO - AACE Clin Case Rep. 2021 Jun 23;7(6):367-371. doi: 10.1016/j.aace.2021.06.010. eCollection 2021 Nov-Dec. PMID- 34705533 OWN - NLM STAT- In-Data-Review LR - 20220120 IS - 1098-660X (Electronic) IS - 0095-1137 (Linking) VI - 60 IP - 1 DP - 2022 Jan 19 TI - Evaluation of Diagnostic Accuracy of Eight Commercial Assays for the Detection of Rubella Virus-Specific IgM Antibodies. PG - e0159721 LID - 10.1128/JCM.01597-21 [doi] AB - Rubella and congenital rubella syndrome are caused by the rubella virus and are preventable through vaccination, making disease eradication possible. Monitoring of progress toward global eradication and local elimination requires high-quality, sensitive disease surveillance that includes laboratory confirmation of cases. Previous evaluations of anti-rubella IgM detection methods resulted in the broad adoption of the Enzygnost (most recently manufactured by Siemens) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits within WHO's global measles and rubella laboratory network, but they have been discontinued. This study evaluated seven comparable ELISAs from six manufacturers (Trinity Biotech, Euroimmun, Clin-Tech, NovaTec and Virion\Serion) as well as one automated chemiluminescent assay (CLIA) from DiaSorin. These assays include three IgM capture assays and five indirect ELISAs. A panel of 238 sera was used for the evaluation that included 38 archival rubella IgM-positive sera and 200 sera collected from patients with symptomatically similar diseases, such as measles, dengue, parvovirus B19 infection, and roseola. With this panel of sera, the sensitivity of the methods ranged from 63.2% to 100% and the specificity from 80.0% to 99.5%. No single method had both sensitivity and specificity of >90%, unless sera with equivocal results were considered presumptively positive. Some assays, particularly the Serion ELISA, had a large number of false positives with parvovirus B19 IgM-positive sera as well as sera from confirmed measles cases. The performance characteristics identified in this evaluation serve as a reminder to not rely solely on rubella IgM results for case confirmation in elimination settings. FAU - Hiebert, Joanne AU - Hiebert J AD - Viral Exanthemata and STD Section, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canadagrid.415368.d, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. FAU - Zubach, Vanessa AU - Zubach V AD - Viral Exanthemata and STD Section, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canadagrid.415368.d, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. FAU - Charlton, Carmen L AU - Charlton CL AD - Public Health Laboratory, Alberta Precision Laboratories, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. AD - Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Albertagrid.17089.37, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. AD - Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Albertagrid.17089.37, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. FAU - Fenton, Jayne AU - Fenton J AD - Public Health Laboratory, Alberta Precision Laboratories, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. FAU - Tipples, Graham A AU - Tipples GA AD - Public Health Laboratory, Alberta Precision Laboratories, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. AD - Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Albertagrid.17089.37, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. AD - Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Albertagrid.17089.37, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. FAU - Fonseca, Kevin AU - Fonseca K AD - Public Health Laboratory, Alberta Precision Laboratories, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. AD - Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. FAU - Severini, Alberto AU - Severini A AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0844-2634 AD - Viral Exanthemata and STD Section, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canadagrid.415368.d, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. AD - Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. LA - eng GR - N/A/Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC)/ PT - Journal Article DEP - 20211027 PL - United States TA - J Clin Microbiol JT - Journal of clinical microbiology JID - 7505564 SB - IM OTO - NOTNLM OT - CLIA OT - EIA OT - ELISA OT - IgM OT - clinical accuracy OT - kit performance OT - rubella OT - rubella IgM serology OT - sensitivity OT - serology OT - specificity EDAT- 2021/10/28 06:00 MHDA- 2021/10/28 06:00 CRDT- 2021/10/27 17:15 PHST- 2021/10/28 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/10/28 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2021/10/27 17:15 [entrez] AID - 10.1128/JCM.01597-21 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Clin Microbiol. 2022 Jan 19;60(1):e0159721. doi: 10.1128/JCM.01597-21. Epub 2021 Oct 27. PMID- 22442973 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20120418 LR - 20200716 IS - 0372-9311 (Print) IS - 0372-9311 (Linking) IP - 1 DP - 2012 Jan-Feb TI - [Detection of rubella virus RNA in clinical material by real time polymerase chain reaction method]. PG - 60-7 AB - AIM: Development of a reagent kit for detection of rubella virus RNA in clinical material by PCR-RT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: During development and determination of analytical specificity and sensitivity DNA and RNA of 33 different microorganisms including 4 rubella strains were used. Comparison of analytical sensitivity of virological and molecular-biological methods was performed by using rubella virus strains Wistar RA 27/3, M-33, "Orlov", Judith. Evaluation of diagnostic informativity of rubella virus RNAisolation in various clinical material by PCR-RT method was performed in comparison with determination of virus specific serum antibodies by enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS: A reagent kit for the detection of rubella virus RNA in clinical material by PCR-RT was developed. Analytical specificity was 100%, analytical sensitivity - 400 virus RNA copies per ml. Analytical sensitivity of the developed technique exceeds analytical sensitivity of the Vero E6 cell culture infection method in studies of rubella virus strains Wistar RA 27/3 and "Orlov" by 11g and 31g, and for M-33 and Judith strains is analogous. Diagnostic specificity is 100%. Diagnostic specificity for testing samples obtained within 5 days of rash onset: for peripheral blood sera - 20.9%, saliva - 92.5%, nasopharyngeal swabs - 70.1%, saliva and nasopharyngeal swabs - 97%. Positive and negative predictive values of the results were shown depending on the type of clinical material tested. CONCLUSION: Application of reagent kit will allow to increase rubella diagnostics effectiveness at the early stages of infectious process development, timely and qualitatively perform differential diagnostics of exanthema diseases, support tactics of anti-epidemic regime. FAU - Domonova, É A AU - Domonova ÉA FAU - Shipulina, O Iu AU - Shipulina OIu FAU - Kuevda, D A AU - Kuevda DA FAU - Larichev, V F AU - Larichev VF FAU - Safonova, A P AU - Safonova AP FAU - Burchik, M A AU - Burchik MA FAU - Butenko, A M AU - Butenko AM FAU - Shipulin, G A AU - Shipulin GA LA - rus PT - Journal Article PL - Russia (Federation) TA - Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol JT - Zhurnal mikrobiologii, epidemiologii i immunobiologii JID - 0415217 RN - 0 (RNA, Viral) SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Animals MH - Cell Culture Techniques MH - Chlorocebus aethiops MH - Diagnosis, Differential MH - Exanthema/*diagnosis/immunology/physiopathology/*virology MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Immunoenzyme Techniques MH - Male MH - Nasopharynx/chemistry/immunology MH - RNA, Viral/*analysis/isolation & purification MH - Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/*methods MH - Rubella/*diagnosis/immunology/physiopathology/virology MH - Rubella virus/genetics/isolation & purification MH - Saliva/chemistry/immunology MH - Sensitivity and Specificity MH - Vero Cells/virology EDAT- 2012/03/27 06:00 MHDA- 2012/04/19 06:00 CRDT- 2012/03/27 06:00 PHST- 2012/03/27 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2012/03/27 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2012/04/19 06:00 [medline] PST - ppublish SO - Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol. 2012 Jan-Feb;(1):60-7. PMID- 11773102 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20020212 LR - 20210526 IS - 0095-1137 (Print) IS - 1098-660X (Electronic) IS - 0095-1137 (Linking) VI - 40 IP - 1 DP - 2002 Jan TI - Simultaneous detection of measles virus, rubella virus, and parvovirus B19 by using multiplex PCR. PG - 111-6 AB - We describe here a multiplex reverse transcription-PCR (RTMNPCR) assay designed to detect and differentiate measles virus, rubella virus, and parvovirus B19. Serial dilution experiments with vaccine strains that compared cell culture isolation of measles in B95 cells and rubella in RK13 cells showed sensitivity rates of 0.004 50% tissue culture infective dose (TCID(50)) for measles virus and 0.04 TCID(50) for rubella virus. This RTMNPCR can detect as few as 10 molecules for measles virus and rubella virus and one molecule for parvovirus B19 in dilution experiments with plasmids containing inserts of the primary reaction amplification products. Five pharyngeal exudates from measles patients and 2 of 15 cerebrospinal fluid samples from measles-related encephalitis were found to be positive for measles virus by this RTMNPCR. A total of 3 of 27 pharyngeal exudates from vaccinated children and 2 pharyngeal exudates, plus one urine sample from a case of congenital rubella syndrome, were found to be positive for rubella virus by RTMNPCR, whereas 16 of 19 sera from patients with erythema infectiosum were determined to be positive for parvovirus B19 by RTMNPCR. In view of these results, we can assess that this method is a useful tool in the diagnosis of these three viruses and could be used as an effective surveillance tool in measles eradication programs. FAU - Mosquera, María del Mar AU - Mosquera Mdel M AD - Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Spain. mmosquera@iscii.es FAU - de Ory, Fernando AU - de Ory F FAU - Moreno, Mónica AU - Moreno M FAU - Echevarría, Juan E AU - Echevarría JE LA - eng PT - Evaluation Study PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't TA - J Clin Microbiol JT - Journal of clinical microbiology JID - 7505564 RN - 0 (DNA, Viral) SB - IM EIN - J Clin Microbiol 2002 Apr;40(4):1574 MH - Child MH - DNA, Viral/analysis MH - Erythema Infectiosum/*diagnosis/virology MH - Humans MH - Measles/*diagnosis MH - Measles virus/genetics/*isolation & purification MH - Parvovirus B19, Human/genetics/isolation & purification MH - Polymerase Chain Reaction/*methods MH - Rubella/*diagnosis/virology MH - Rubella virus/genetics/*isolation & purification MH - Sensitivity and Specificity PMC - PMC120129 EDAT- 2002/01/05 10:00 MHDA- 2002/02/13 10:01 CRDT- 2002/01/05 10:00 PHST- 2002/01/05 10:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2002/02/13 10:01 [medline] PHST- 2002/01/05 10:00 [entrez] AID - 0938 [pii] AID - 10.1128/JCM.40.1.111-116.2002 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Clin Microbiol. 2002 Jan;40(1):111-6. doi: 10.1128/JCM.40.1.111-116.2002. PMID- 16111273 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20051027 LR - 20151119 IS - 0047-1852 (Print) IS - 0047-1852 (Linking) VI - 63 Suppl 7 DP - 2005 Jul TI - [Diagnostic tests: Rubella virus]. PG - 356-8 FAU - Kusakabe, Hidenari AU - Kusakabe H AD - Department of Dermatology, Osaka Medical College. LA - jpn PT - Journal Article PT - Review PL - Japan TA - Nihon Rinsho JT - Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine JID - 0420546 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Antigens, Viral) RN - 0 (Biomarkers) RN - 0 (DNA, Viral) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin G) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin M) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Antibodies, Viral/*blood MH - Antigens, Viral/isolation & purification MH - Biomarkers/blood MH - DNA, Viral/isolation & purification MH - Female MH - Fluorescent Antibody Technique MH - Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests MH - Humans MH - Immunoenzyme Techniques MH - Immunoglobulin G/blood MH - Immunoglobulin M/blood MH - Infant, Newborn MH - Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical MH - Pregnancy MH - Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/diagnosis/virology MH - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction MH - Rubella/congenital/*diagnosis/transmission/virology MH - Rubella virus/genetics/*immunology/isolation & purification MH - Specimen Handling RF - 3 EDAT- 2005/08/23 09:00 MHDA- 2005/10/28 09:00 CRDT- 2005/08/23 09:00 PHST- 2005/08/23 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2005/10/28 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2005/08/23 09:00 [entrez] PST - ppublish SO - Nihon Rinsho. 2005 Jul;63 Suppl 7:356-8. PMID- 29769062 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20190315 LR - 20190315 IS - 1471-2393 (Electronic) IS - 1471-2393 (Linking) VI - 18 IP - 1 DP - 2018 May 16 TI - Seroprevalence of HIV, HTLV, CMV, HBV and rubella virus infections in pregnant adolescents who received care in the city of Belém, Pará, Northern Brazil. PG - 169 LID - 10.1186/s12884-018-1753-x [doi] LID - 169 AB - BACKGROUND: Prenatal tests are important for prevention of vertical transmission of various infectious agents. The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), rubella virus and vaccination coverage against HBV in pregnant adolescents who received care in the city of Belém, Pará, Brazil. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed with 324 pregnant adolescents from 2009 to 2010. After the interview and blood collection, the patients were screened for antibodies and/or antigens against HIV-1/2, HTLV-1/2, CMV, rubella virus and HBV. The epidemiological variables were demonstrated using descriptive statistics with the G, χ(2) and Fisher exact tests. RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 15.8 years, and the majority (65.4%) had less than 6 years of education. The mean age at first intercourse was 14.4 years, and 60.8% reported having a partner aged between 12 and 14 years. The prevalence of HIV infection was 0.3%, and of HTLV infection was 0.6%. Regarding HBV, 0.6% of the participants had acute infection, 9.9% had a previous infection, 16.7% had vaccine immunity and 72.8% were susceptible to infection. The presence of anti-HBs was greater in adolescent between 12 and 14 years old (28.8%) while the anti-HBc was greater in adolescent between 15 and 18 years old (10.3%). Most of the adolescents presented the IgG antibody to CMV (96.3%) and rubella (92.3%). None of the participants had acute rubella infection, and 2.2% had anti-CMV IgM. CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first report of the seroepidemiology of infectious agents in a population of pregnant adolescents in the Northern region of Brazil. Most of the adolescents had low levels of education, were susceptible to HBV infection and had IgG antibodies to CMV and rubella virus. The prevalence of HBV, HIV and HTLV was similar to that reported in other regions of Brazil. However, the presence of these agents in this younger population reinforces the need for good prenatal follow-up and more comprehensive vaccination campaigns against HBV due to the large number of women susceptible to the virus. FAU - Guerra, Aubaneide Batista AU - Guerra AB AD - Reference Unit Specialized in Maternal-Child and Adolescent Care, Belém, Pará, Brazil. AD - Virology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Correa 1, Guamá, 66, Belém, Pará, 075-110, Brazil. AD - Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents Graduate Program, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil. FAU - Siravenha, Leonardo Quintão AU - Siravenha LQ AD - Virology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Correa 1, Guamá, 66, Belém, Pará, 075-110, Brazil. AD - Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents Graduate Program, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil. FAU - Laurentino, Rogério Valois AU - Laurentino RV AD - Virology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Correa 1, Guamá, 66, Belém, Pará, 075-110, Brazil. AD - Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents Graduate Program, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil. FAU - Feitosa, Rosimar Neris Martins AU - Feitosa RNM AD - Virology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Correa 1, Guamá, 66, Belém, Pará, 075-110, Brazil. FAU - Azevedo, Vânia Nakauth AU - Azevedo VN AD - Virology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Correa 1, Guamá, 66, Belém, Pará, 075-110, Brazil. FAU - Vallinoto, Antonio Carlos Rosário AU - Vallinoto ACR AD - Virology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Correa 1, Guamá, 66, Belém, Pará, 075-110, Brazil. AD - Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents Graduate Program, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil. FAU - Ishak, Ricardo AU - Ishak R AD - Virology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Correa 1, Guamá, 66, Belém, Pará, 075-110, Brazil. AD - Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents Graduate Program, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil. FAU - Machado, Luiz Fernando Almeida AU - Machado LFA AD - Virology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Correa 1, Guamá, 66, Belém, Pará, 075-110, Brazil. lfam@ufpa.br. AD - Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents Graduate Program, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil. lfam@ufpa.br. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20180516 TA - BMC Pregnancy Childbirth JT - BMC pregnancy and childbirth JID - 100967799 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Antibodies, Viral/*blood/immunology MH - Brazil/epidemiology MH - Child MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - Cytomegalovirus/immunology MH - Cytomegalovirus Infections/blood/epidemiology/virology MH - Deltaretrovirus/immunology MH - Deltaretrovirus Infections/blood/epidemiology/virology MH - Female MH - HIV/immunology MH - HIV Infections/blood/epidemiology/virology MH - Hepatitis B/blood/epidemiology/virology MH - Hepatitis B virus/immunology MH - Humans MH - Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/prevention & control MH - Maternal Serum Screening Tests/*statistics & numerical data MH - Pregnancy MH - Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/blood/*epidemiology/virology MH - Pregnancy in Adolescence/*blood MH - Prenatal Care MH - Rubella/blood/epidemiology/virology MH - Rubella virus/immunology MH - Seroepidemiologic Studies MH - Virus Diseases/blood/*epidemiology/virology PMC - PMC5956583 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Brazil OT - CMV OT - HBV OT - HIV OT - HTLV OT - Pregnant adolescents OT - Rubella OT - Seroepidemiology COIS- ETHICS APPROVAL AND CONSENT TO PARTICIPATE: This study was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of the Instituto Evandro Chagas under number 13/2009. The participants and their legal guardians (to women < 18 years old) signed a consent form and answered an epidemiological questionnaire. COMPETING INTERESTS: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. PUBLISHER’S NOTE: Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. EDAT- 2018/05/18 06:00 MHDA- 2019/03/16 06:00 CRDT- 2018/05/18 06:00 PHST- 2017/03/13 00:00 [received] PHST- 2018/04/19 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2018/05/18 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2018/05/18 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2019/03/16 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.1186/s12884-018-1753-x [pii] AID - 1753 [pii] AID - 10.1186/s12884-018-1753-x [doi] PST - epublish SO - BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2018 May 16;18(1):169. doi: 10.1186/s12884-018-1753-x. PMID- 30863060 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20191120 IS - 1178-2013 (Electronic) IS - 1176-9114 (Print) IS - 1176-9114 (Linking) VI - 14 DP - 2019 TI - Erratum: Diagnosis of rubella virus using antigen-conjugated Au@Pt nanorods as nanozyme probe [Corrigendum]. PG - 1281 LID - 10.2147/IJN.S202056 [doi] AB - [This corrects the article on p. 4795 in vol. 13, PMID: 30197515.]. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Published Erratum DEP - 20190219 TA - Int J Nanomedicine JT - International journal of nanomedicine JID - 101263847 EFR - Int J Nanomedicine. 2018 Aug 23;13:4795-4805. PMID: 30197515 PMC - PMC6391140 EDAT- 2019/03/14 06:00 MHDA- 2019/03/14 06:01 CRDT- 2019/03/14 06:00 PHST- 2019/03/14 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2019/03/14 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2019/03/14 06:01 [medline] AID - ijn-14-1281 [pii] AID - 10.2147/IJN.S202056 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Int J Nanomedicine. 2019 Feb 19;14:1281. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S202056. eCollection 2019. PMID- 23090221 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20130507 LR - 20191210 IS - 1806-9282 (Electronic) IS - 0104-4230 (Linking) VI - 58 IP - 5 DP - 2012 Sep-Oct TI - Molecular analysis of rubella virus in travelers suspected of measles infection in São Paulo, Brazil. PG - 527-31 LID - S0104-42302012000500007 [pii] AB - OBJECTIVE: To identify measles virus genotypes in three cases of travelers suspected of measles infection. METHODS: Samples (blood and urine) were collected for serology, virus isolation, and genotyping. Sera were analyzed for IgM antibodies against measles virus and rubella virus by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (Siemens - Marburg, Germany). Clinical samples (lymphocytes and urine) were inoculated into Statens Serum Institute rabbit corneal epithelial cell line- ATCC CL 60 (SIRC) and Vero Slam cells. RNA was extracted from clinical samples and cell culture was inoculated and processed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with oligonucleotides specific for measles virus (MV) and rubella virus (RV). RESULTS: All patients showed IgM negative serology for MV and positive IgM for RV. RV belonging to genotypes 1B, 1C, and 1E were isolated from patients who came from Finland, Peru, and Germany, respectively. Genotype 1B has been found in Europe and on the East Coast of South America; 1C has been found in Peru and the West Coast of South America, and 1E, first identified in 1997, now appears to have worldwide distribution. CONCLUSION: Information about RV and MV genotypes circulating in São Paulo is essential for the control of measles, rubella, and congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) in Brazil. FAU - Figueiredo, Cristina A AU - Figueiredo CA AD - 　Scientific Researchers V, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. FAU - Yu, Ana Lucia Frugis AU - Yu AL FAU - Afonso, Ana Maria S AU - Afonso AM FAU - Curti, Suely P AU - Curti SP FAU - Oliveira, Maria I AU - Oliveira MI LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - Brazil TA - Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) JT - Revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira (1992) JID - 9308586 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin M) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Animals MH - Antibodies, Viral/analysis MH - Brazil/epidemiology MH - Cattle MH - Chlorocebus aethiops MH - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay MH - Female MH - Genotype MH - Humans MH - Immunoglobulin M/analysis MH - Male MH - Measles/epidemiology/transmission/*virology MH - Measles virus/*genetics/isolation & purification MH - Rabbits MH - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction MH - Rubella/*epidemiology/transmission MH - Rubella virus/*genetics/isolation & purification MH - *Travel MH - Vero Cells EDAT- 2012/10/24 06:00 MHDA- 2013/05/08 06:00 CRDT- 2012/10/24 06:00 PHST- 2011/09/11 00:00 [received] PHST- 2012/11/05 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2012/10/24 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2012/10/24 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2013/05/08 06:00 [medline] AID - S0104-42302012000500007 [pii] PST - ppublish SO - Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992). 2012 Sep-Oct;58(5):527-31. PMID- 24962600 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20150618 LR - 20141021 IS - 1096-9071 (Electronic) IS - 0146-6615 (Linking) VI - 86 IP - 12 DP - 2014 Dec TI - Genomic analysis of the Chinese genotype 1F rubella virus that disappeared after 2002 in China. PG - 2114-21 LID - 10.1002/jmv.23936 [doi] AB - Genotype 1F was likely localized geographically to China as it has not been reported elsewhere. In this study, whole genome sequences of two rubella 1F virus isolates were completed. Both viruses contained 9,761 nt with a single nucleotide deletion in the intergenic region, compared to the NCBI rubella reference sequence (NC 001545). No evidence of recombination was found between 1F and other rubella viruses. The genetic distance between 1F viruses and 10 other rubella virus genotypes (1a, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1G, 1J 2A, 2B, and 2C) ranged from 3.9% to 8.6% by pairwise comparison. A region known to be hypervariable in other rubella genotypes was also the most variable region in the 1F genomes. Comparisons to all available rubella virus sequences from GenBank identified 22 nucleotide variations exclusively in 1F viruses. Among these unique variations, C9306U is located within the recommended molecular window for rubella virus genotyping assignment, could be useful to confirm 1F viruses. Using the Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method, the time of the most recent common ancestor for the genotype 1F was estimated between 1976 and 1995. Recent rubella molecular surveillance suggests that this indigenous strain may have circulated for less than three decades, as it has not been detected since 2002. CI - © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. FAU - Zhu, Zhen AU - Zhu Z AD - WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory and Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China. FAU - Chen, Min-Hsin AU - Chen MH FAU - Abernathy, Emily AU - Abernathy E FAU - Zhou, Shujie AU - Zhou S FAU - Wang, Changyin AU - Wang C FAU - Icenogle, Joseph AU - Icenogle J FAU - Xu, Wenbo AU - Xu W LA - eng SI - GENBANK/JQ624624 SI - GENBANK/JQ624625 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20140624 PL - United States TA - J Med Virol JT - Journal of medical virology JID - 7705876 RN - 0 (RNA, Viral) SB - IM MH - China MH - Cluster Analysis MH - Evolution, Molecular MH - *Genetic Variation MH - *Genome, Viral MH - Genotype MH - Humans MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - Phylogeny MH - RNA, Viral/*genetics MH - Rubella virus/*classification/*genetics/isolation & purification MH - *Sequence Analysis, DNA OTO - NOTNLM OT - Rubella virus OT - genotype 1F OT - whole genome sequence, molecular clock EDAT- 2014/06/26 06:00 MHDA- 2015/06/19 06:00 CRDT- 2014/06/26 06:00 PHST- 2014/03/04 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2014/06/26 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2014/06/26 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2015/06/19 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.1002/jmv.23936 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Med Virol. 2014 Dec;86(12):2114-21. doi: 10.1002/jmv.23936. Epub 2014 Jun 24. PMID- 32188320 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20210208 LR - 20210208 IS - 1532-4230 (Electronic) IS - 1532-1819 (Linking) VI - 41 IP - 4 DP - 2020 Jul 3 TI - Comparative studies of rubella virus immunity of immunized and non-immunized pregnant women visiting Kogi State University Teaching Hospital, Anyigba, North Central Nigeria. PG - 709-717 LID - 10.1080/15321819.2020.1741384 [doi] AB - Rubella is endemic worldwide and poses a serious threat to infants and pregnant women. Although the disease has been widely reported in parts of the country, there is currently no documented evidence of the disease in Anyigba. A comparative study of rubella immunity was conducted among immunized and non-immunized pregnant women visiting the Kogi State University Teaching Hospital, Anyigba. In a cross-sectional study, blood samples collected from 300 pregnant women (immunized = 127; non-immunized = 173) were tested for rubella antibodies using ELISA kit. Overall, anti-rubella-IgM and IgG seroprevalence rates of 38 (12.7%) and 83 (27.7%) were detected. Seventy (55.1%) of the immunized against 13 (7.5%) of non-immunized women had detectable IgG. The non-immunized women were significantly more seropositive for IgM than the immunized who recorded higher prevalence of IgG. Immunized and non-immunized women aged 23-32 years had higher IgG and IgM positivity rates. The difference in IgM and IgG seropositivity rates in relation to vaccination was statistically significant (P < 0.05) between the immunized (0.8%, 55.1%) and vaccine-naïve subjects (21.4%, 7.5%). Low level of awareness and high susceptibility to rubella virus infection especially among the non-immunized women was confirmed in study area, thus the need for government to strengthen education of masses and to make rubella vaccination freely available for women of childbearing age. FAU - O Okolo, Martin-Luther AU - O Okolo ML AD - Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Kogi State University , Anyigba, Nigeria. FAU - Omatola, Cornelius A AU - Omatola CA AD - Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Kogi State University , Anyigba, Nigeria. FAU - Ogbonnaya, Ogbu AU - Ogbonnaya O AD - Department of Applied Microbiology, Ebonyi State University , Abakaliki, Nigeria. FAU - Odama, Lillian E AU - Odama LE AD - Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Kogi State University , Anyigba, Nigeria. FAU - Bello, Kizito E AU - Bello KE AD - Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Kogi State University , Anyigba, Nigeria. FAU - Idache, Benjamin M AU - Idache BM AD - Department of Human Kinetic and Public Health Education, Kogi State University , Anyigba, Nigeria. FAU - Ekuma, Onyeukwu U AU - Ekuma OU AD - Department of Microbiology, Eastern Palm University , Okpoko, Nigeria. LA - eng PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article DEP - 20200319 PL - England TA - J Immunoassay Immunochem JT - Journal of immunoassay & immunochemistry JID - 100963688 RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin G) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin M) SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay MH - Female MH - *Hospitals, Teaching MH - Humans MH - Immunoglobulin G/immunology MH - Immunoglobulin M/immunology MH - Middle Aged MH - Nigeria/epidemiology MH - Pregnancy MH - Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/epidemiology/*immunology/virology MH - Rubella/epidemiology/*immunology/virology MH - Rubella virus/*immunology MH - Young Adult OTO - NOTNLM OT - Nigeria OT - Rubella OT - anti-rubella OT - immunity OT - pregnant women EDAT- 2020/03/20 06:00 MHDA- 2021/02/09 06:00 CRDT- 2020/03/20 06:00 PHST- 2020/03/20 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/02/09 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2020/03/20 06:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1080/15321819.2020.1741384 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Immunoassay Immunochem. 2020 Jul 3;41(4):709-717. doi: 10.1080/15321819.2020.1741384. Epub 2020 Mar 19. PMID- 27243209 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20171215 LR - 20180309 IS - 1873-5967 (Electronic) IS - 1386-6532 (Linking) VI - 80 DP - 2016 Jul TI - Evaluation of sensitivity of TaqMan RT-PCR for rubella virus detection in clinical specimens. PG - 98-101 LID - S1386-6532(16)30107-X [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.jcv.2016.05.005 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: An easy and reliable assay for detection of the rubella virus is required to strengthen rubella surveillance. Although a TaqMan RT-PCR assay for detection of the rubella virus has been established in Japan, its utility for diagnostic purposes has not been tested. OBJECTIVES: To allow introduction of the TaqMan RT-PCR into the rubella surveillance system in Japan, the sensitivity of the assay was determined using representative strains for all genotypes and clinical specimens. STUDY DESIGN: The detection limits of the method for individual genotypes were examined using viral RNA extracted from 13 representative strains. The assay was also tested at 10 prefectural laboratories in Japan, designated as local reference laboratories for measles and rubella, to allow nationwide application of the assay. RESULTS: The detection limits and amplification efficiencies of the assay were similar among all the representative strains of the 13 genotypes. The TaqMan RT-PCR could detect approximately 90% of throat swab and urine samples taken up to 5days of illness. These samples were determined positive by a highly sensitive nested RT-PCR. CONCLUSIONS: The TaqMan RT-PCR could detect at least 10 pfu of rubella virus. Although the sensitivity was somewhat lower than that of the conventional nested RT-PCR, the TaqMan RT-PCR could be more practical to routine tests for rubella laboratory diagnosis and detection in view of the rapid response and reducing risks of contamination. CI - Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. FAU - Okamoto, Kiyoko AU - Okamoto K AD - Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan. FAU - Mori, Yoshio AU - Mori Y AD - Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan. Electronic address: yoshiom@nih.go.jp. FAU - Komagome, Rika AU - Komagome R AD - Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan. FAU - Nagano, Hideki AU - Nagano H AD - Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan. FAU - Miyoshi, Masahiro AU - Miyoshi M AD - Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan. FAU - Okano, Motohiko AU - Okano M AD - Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan. FAU - Aoki, Yoko AU - Aoki Y AD - Yamagata Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Yamagata 990-0031, Japan. FAU - Ogura, Atsushi AU - Ogura A AD - Chiba Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Chiba 260-8715, Japan. FAU - Hotta, Chiemi AU - Hotta C AD - Chiba Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Chiba 260-8715, Japan. FAU - Ogawa, Tomoko AU - Ogawa T AD - Chiba Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Chiba 260-8715, Japan. FAU - Saikusa, Miwako AU - Saikusa M AD - Yokohama City Institute of Public Health, Yokohama 236-0051 Japan. FAU - Kodama, Hiroe AU - Kodama H AD - Ishikawa Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Science, Ishikawa 920-1154, Japan. FAU - Yasui, Yoshihiro AU - Yasui Y AD - Aichi Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Aichi 462-8576, Japan. FAU - Minagawa, Hiroko AU - Minagawa H AD - Aichi Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Aichi 462-8576, Japan. FAU - Kurata, Takako AU - Kurata T AD - Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Osaka, 537-0025, Japan. FAU - Kanbayashi, Daiki AU - Kanbayashi D AD - Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Osaka, 537-0025, Japan. FAU - Kase, Tetsuo AU - Kase T AD - Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Osaka, 537-0025, Japan. FAU - Murata, Sachiko AU - Murata S AD - Yamaguchi Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environment, Yamaguchi, 753-0821, Japan. FAU - Shirabe, Komei AU - Shirabe K AD - Yamaguchi Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environment, Yamaguchi, 753-0821, Japan. FAU - Hamasaki, Mitsuhiro AU - Hamasaki M AD - Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences, Fukuoka 818-0135, Japan. FAU - Kato, Takashi AU - Kato T AD - Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, Okinawa 901-1202, Japan. FAU - Otsuki, Noriyuki AU - Otsuki N AD - Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan. FAU - Sakata, Masafumi AU - Sakata M AD - Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan. FAU - Komase, Katsuhiro AU - Komase K AD - Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan. FAU - Takeda, Makoto AU - Takeda M AD - Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20160517 PL - Netherlands TA - J Clin Virol JT - Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology JID - 9815671 RN - 0 (RNA, Viral) SB - IM EIN - J Clin Virol. 2016 Sep;82:184-185. PMID: 27523613 MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Japan MH - Male MH - Pharynx/virology MH - RNA, Viral/genetics MH - Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/*methods MH - Rubella/*diagnosis MH - Rubella virus/genetics/*isolation & purification MH - Sensitivity and Specificity MH - Urine/virology OTO - NOTNLM OT - *Laboratory diagnosis OT - *Rubella OT - *TaqMan real-time RT-PCR EDAT- 2016/06/01 06:00 MHDA- 2017/12/16 06:00 CRDT- 2016/06/01 06:00 PHST- 2016/02/03 00:00 [received] PHST- 2016/03/29 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2016/05/14 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2016/06/01 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2016/06/01 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2017/12/16 06:00 [medline] AID - S1386-6532(16)30107-X [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.jcv.2016.05.005 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Clin Virol. 2016 Jul;80:98-101. doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2016.05.005. Epub 2016 May 17. PMID- 25929030 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20150518 LR - 20191210 IS - 0507-4088 (Print) IS - 0507-4088 (Linking) VI - 59 IP - 6 DP - 2014 TI - [Rubella virus genetic determinant of attenuation]. PG - 12-5 AB - Vaccination is the most effective and available way to prevent Rubella. Presently, 9 vaccine strains were registered. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms of the attenuation were poorly elucidated for the rubella virus. However, the study of these mechanisms identifying genotypic and phenotypic markers of attenuation, which together with sequence analysis could be used for the genetic stability control of vaccine strains, is still of current interest. Common trends of genetic changes in the process of adaptation to cold were found due to comparison of nucleic acid and amino acid sequences of the Russian strain C-77 with corresponding positions of the known rubella virus strains and its wild type progenitors, if available. FAU - Dmitriev, G V AU - Dmitriev GV FAU - Borisova, T K AU - Borisova TK FAU - Faizuloev, E B AU - Faizuloev EB FAU - Desiatskova, R G AU - Desiatskova RG FAU - Zverev, V V AU - Zverev VV LA - rus PT - Journal Article PL - Russia (Federation) TA - Vopr Virusol JT - Voprosy virusologii JID - 0417337 RN - 0 (Vaccines, Attenuated) RN - 0 (Viral Vaccines) SB - IM MH - Adaptation, Physiological MH - Amino Acid Sequence MH - Amino Acid Substitution MH - Animals MH - Base Sequence MH - Chick Embryo MH - Chlorocebus aethiops MH - Cold Temperature MH - Dogs MH - *Genes, Viral MH - HEK293 Cells MH - Humans MH - Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells MH - Phylogeny MH - Rubella/immunology/*prevention & control/virology MH - Rubella virus/classification/*genetics/immunology MH - *Vaccination MH - Vaccines, Attenuated MH - Vero Cells MH - Viral Vaccines/administration & dosage/*genetics/immunology MH - Virus Replication/physiology EDAT- 2014/01/01 00:00 MHDA- 2015/05/20 06:00 CRDT- 2015/05/02 06:00 PHST- 2015/05/02 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2014/01/01 00:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2015/05/20 06:00 [medline] PST - ppublish SO - Vopr Virusol. 2014;59(6):12-5. PMID- 24945813 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20161102 LR - 20161230 IS - 1744-5078 (Electronic) IS - 0927-3948 (Linking) VI - 24 IP - 1 DP - 2016 TI - Rubella Virus-associated Anterior Uveitis in a Vaccinated Patient: A Case Report. PG - 113-4 LID - 10.3109/09273948.2014.925126 [doi] AB - Rubella virus is involved in the pathogenesis of Fuchs heterochromic uveitis and almost all cases in Europe show an active antibody production in the aqueous humor against rubella virus. Herein we report a case of a fully vaccinated patient with common variable immunodeficiency who developed unilateral Fuchs heterochromic uveitis secondary to rubella virus which was proven by intraocular fluid examination. Awareness of rubella associated anterior uveitis should remain also in vaccinated patients, especially those without a fully competent immune system. FAU - ten Berge, Josianne C E M AU - ten Berge JC AD - a Department of Ophthalmology , Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam , Rotterdam , The Netherlands , and. FAU - van Daele, Paul L A AU - van Daele PL AD - b Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC , University Medical Center Rotterdam , Rotterdam , The Netherlands. FAU - Rothova, Aniki AU - Rothova A AD - a Department of Ophthalmology , Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam , Rotterdam , The Netherlands , and. LA - eng PT - Case Reports PT - Letter DEP - 20140619 PL - England TA - Ocul Immunol Inflamm JT - Ocular immunology and inflammation JID - 9312169 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Rubella Vaccine) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Antibodies, Viral/blood MH - Aqueous Humor/immunology/virology MH - Common Variable Immunodeficiency/diagnosis/therapy MH - Eye Infections, Viral/diagnosis/*virology MH - Humans MH - Iridocyclitis/diagnosis/*virology MH - Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/diagnosis/radiotherapy MH - Male MH - Rubella/diagnosis/*virology MH - Rubella Vaccine/*administration & dosage MH - Rubella virus/*isolation & purification MH - *Vaccination OTO - NOTNLM OT - Fuchs heterochromic uveitis OT - immunocompromised OT - rubella virus OT - uveitis anterior OT - vaccination EDAT- 2014/06/20 06:00 MHDA- 2016/11/03 06:00 CRDT- 2014/06/20 06:00 PHST- 2014/06/20 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2014/06/20 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2016/11/03 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.3109/09273948.2014.925126 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2016;24(1):113-4. doi: 10.3109/09273948.2014.925126. Epub 2014 Jun 19. PMID- 22959986 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20130412 LR - 20131121 IS - 1873-2518 (Electronic) IS - 0264-410X (Linking) VI - 30 IP - 48 DP - 2012 Nov 6 TI - Measles, mumps, and rubella virus vaccine (M-M-R™II): a review of 32 years of clinical and postmarketing experience. PG - 6918-26 LID - S0264-410X(12)01273-X [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.08.057 [doi] AB - M-M-R™II (measles, mumps, and rubella virus vaccine live; Merck, Sharp, & Dohme Corp.) is indicated for simultaneous vaccination against measles, mumps, and rubella in individuals ≥ 12 months of age. Before the vaccine era, these viruses infected most exposed individuals, with subsequent morbidity and mortality. One of the greatest achievements of public health has been to eliminate these 3 diseases in large geographic areas. The safety profile of M-M-R™II is described using data from routine global postmarketing surveillance. Postmarketing surveillance has limitations (including incomplete reporting of case data), but allows collection of real-world information on large numbers of individuals, who may have concurrent medical problems excluding them from clinical trials. It can also identify rare adverse experiences (AEs). Over its 32-year history, ≈ 575 million doses of M-M-R™II have been distributed worldwide, with 17,536 AEs voluntarily reported for an overall rate of 30.5 AEs/1,000,000 doses distributed. This review provides evidence that the vaccine is safe and well-tolerated. CI - Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. FAU - Lievano, Fabio AU - Lievano F AD - Merck, Sharp, & Dohme Corp., Whitehouse Station, NJ, USA. fabio_lievano@merck.com FAU - Galea, Susan A AU - Galea SA FAU - Thornton, Michele AU - Thornton M FAU - Wiedmann, Richard T AU - Wiedmann RT FAU - Manoff, Susan B AU - Manoff SB FAU - Tran, Trung N AU - Tran TN FAU - Amin, Manisha A AU - Amin MA FAU - Seminack, Margaret M AU - Seminack MM FAU - Vagie, Kristen A AU - Vagie KA FAU - Dana, Adrian AU - Dana A FAU - Plotkin, Stanley A AU - Plotkin SA LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review DEP - 20120907 PL - Netherlands TA - Vaccine JT - Vaccine JID - 8406899 RN - 0 (Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine) SB - IM MH - Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/epidemiology MH - Humans MH - Measles/epidemiology/*prevention & control MH - Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine/administration & dosage/*adverse effects/*immunology MH - Mumps/epidemiology/*prevention & control MH - *Product Surveillance, Postmarketing MH - Rubella/epidemiology/*prevention & control EDAT- 2012/09/11 06:00 MHDA- 2013/04/13 06:00 CRDT- 2012/09/11 06:00 PHST- 2012/04/02 00:00 [received] PHST- 2012/08/20 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2012/08/23 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2012/09/11 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2012/09/11 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2013/04/13 06:00 [medline] AID - S0264-410X(12)01273-X [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.08.057 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Vaccine. 2012 Nov 6;30(48):6918-26. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.08.057. Epub 2012 Sep 7. PMID- 24476349 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20150716 LR - 20141203 IS - 1469-0691 (Electronic) IS - 1198-743X (Linking) VI - 20 IP - 10 DP - 2014 Oct TI - Live rubella virus vaccine long-term persistence as an antigenic trigger of cutaneous granulomas in patients with primary immunodeficiency. PG - O656-63 LID - 10.1111/1469-0691.12573 [doi] AB - Granulomas may develop as a response to a local antigenic trigger, leading to the activation of macrophages and T-lymphocytes. Primary immunodeficiency (PID) is associated with the development of extensive cutaneous granulomas, whose aetiology remains unknown. We performed high-throughput sequencing of the transcriptome of cutaneous granuloma lesions on two consecutive index cases, and RT-PCR in a third consecutive patient. The RA27/3 vaccine strain of rubella virus-the core component of a universally used paediatric vaccine-was present in the cutaneous granuloma of these three consecutive PID patients. Controls included the healthy skin of two patients, non-granulomatous cutaneous lesions of patients with immunodeficiency, and skin biopsy samples of healthy individuals, and were negative. Expression of viral antigens was confirmed by immunofluorescence. Persistence of the rubella vaccine virus was also demonstrated in granuloma lesions sampled 4-5 years earlier. The persistence of the rubella virus vaccine strain in all three consecutive cutaneous granuloma patients with PID strongly suggests a causal relationship between rubella virus and granuloma in this setting. CI - © 2014 The Authors Clinical Microbiology and Infection © 2014 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. FAU - Bodemer, C AU - Bodemer C AD - Department of Dermatology, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, APHP, Paris, France; Reference Centre for Cutaneous Rare Diseases (MAGEC), Paris, France; Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Institut Imagine, Paris, France. FAU - Sauvage, V AU - Sauvage V FAU - Mahlaoui, N AU - Mahlaoui N FAU - Cheval, J AU - Cheval J FAU - Couderc, T AU - Couderc T FAU - Leclerc-Mercier, S AU - Leclerc-Mercier S FAU - Debré, M AU - Debré M FAU - Pellier, I AU - Pellier I FAU - Gagnieur, L AU - Gagnieur L FAU - Fraitag, S AU - Fraitag S FAU - Fischer, A AU - Fischer A FAU - Blanche, S AU - Blanche S FAU - Lecuit, M AU - Lecuit M FAU - Eloit, M AU - Eloit M LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20140305 PL - England TA - Clin Microbiol Infect JT - Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases JID - 9516420 RN - 0 (Antigens, Viral) RN - 0 (Rubella Vaccine) SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Antigens, Viral/metabolism MH - Child MH - Child, Preschool MH - Female MH - Gene Expression Profiling MH - Granuloma/genetics/*virology MH - High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing MH - Humans MH - Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/genetics/*virology MH - Male MH - Rubella Vaccine/genetics/*immunology MH - Rubella virus/*genetics/immunology/isolation & purification MH - Sequence Analysis, RNA MH - Skin/*pathology EDAT- 2014/01/31 06:00 MHDA- 2015/07/17 06:00 CRDT- 2014/01/31 06:00 PHST- 2013/12/05 00:00 [received] PHST- 2014/01/22 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2014/01/27 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2014/01/31 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2014/01/31 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2015/07/17 06:00 [medline] AID - S1198-743X(14)65403-3 [pii] AID - 10.1111/1469-0691.12573 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Clin Microbiol Infect. 2014 Oct;20(10):O656-63. doi: 10.1111/1469-0691.12573. Epub 2014 Mar 5. PMID- 17919742 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20080125 LR - 20071107 IS - 0166-0934 (Print) IS - 0166-0934 (Linking) VI - 146 IP - 1-2 DP - 2007 Dec TI - An indirect immunocolorimetric assay to detect rubella virus infected cells. PG - 414-8 AB - An indirect immunocolorimetric assay (ICA) to detect rubella virus infected cells by the naked eye was developed. This assay was as sensitive and specific as an indirect immunofluorescent assay (IFA), could detect as little as 10 plaque forming units (pfu) of rubella virus in the initial inoculum and could detect viruses from throat swabs. This assay detected infection with viruses of all nine rubella virus genotypes available for testing. It could be utilized for virus quantitation and a neutralization assay. In addition to detecting rubella virus infection, this assay also allowed us to confirm measles virus infection. This assay should be useful for virus isolation from clinical samples. FAU - Chen, Min-Hsin AU - Chen MH AD - National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. FAU - Zhu, Zhen AU - Zhu Z FAU - Zhang, Yan AU - Zhang Y FAU - Favors, Sheena AU - Favors S FAU - Xu, Wen-Bo AU - Xu WB FAU - Featherstone, David A AU - Featherstone DA FAU - Icenogle, Joseph P AU - Icenogle JP LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20071024 PL - Netherlands TA - J Virol Methods JT - Journal of virological methods JID - 8005839 SB - IM MH - Cell Line MH - Humans MH - Immunoassay/*methods MH - Measles/virology MH - Measles virus/immunology/*isolation & purification MH - Pharynx/virology MH - Rubella/*diagnosis/virology MH - Rubella virus/immunology/*isolation & purification MH - Sensitivity and Specificity EDAT- 2007/10/09 09:00 MHDA- 2008/01/26 09:00 CRDT- 2007/10/09 09:00 PHST- 2007/02/26 00:00 [received] PHST- 2007/08/09 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2007/08/22 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2007/10/09 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2008/01/26 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2007/10/09 09:00 [entrez] AID - S0166-0934(07)00326-6 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.jviromet.2007.08.021 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Virol Methods. 2007 Dec;146(1-2):414-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2007.08.021. Epub 2007 Oct 24. PMID- 31826871 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20200706 LR - 20201211 IS - 1098-6618 (Electronic) IS - 0893-8512 (Print) IS - 0893-8512 (Linking) VI - 33 IP - 1 DP - 2019 Dec 18 TI - Performance of Zika Assays in the Context of Toxoplasma gondii, Parvovirus B19, Rubella Virus, and Cytomegalovirus (TORCH) Diagnostic Assays. LID - 10.1128/CMR.00130-18 [doi] LID - e00130-18 AB - Infections during pregnancy that may cause congenital abnormalities have been recognized for decades, but their diagnosis is challenging. This was again illustrated with the emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV), highlighting the inherent difficulties in estimating the extent of pre- and postnatal ZIKV complications because of the difficulties in establishing definitive diagnoses. We reviewed the epidemiology, infection kinetics, and diagnostic methods used for Toxoplasma gondii, parvovirus B19, rubella virus, and cytomegalovirus (TORCH) infections and compared the results with current knowledge of ZIKV diagnostic assays to provide a basis for the inclusion of ZIKV in the TORCH complex evaluations. Similarities between TORCH pathogens and ZIKV support inclusion of ZIKV as an emerging TORCH infection. Our review evaluates the diagnostic performance of various TORCH diagnostic assays for maternal screening, fetal screening, and neonatal screening. We show that the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive value of TORCH complex pathogens are widely variable, stressing the importance of confirmatory testing and the need for novel techniques for earlier and accurate diagnosis of maternal and congenital infections. In this context it is also important to acknowledge different needs and access to care for different geographic and resource settings. CI - Copyright © 2019 American Society for Microbiology. FAU - Voordouw, Bettie AU - Voordouw B AD - Erasmus Medical Centre, Department of Viroscience, Rotterdam, The Netherlands a.voordouw@erasmusmc.nl m.koopmans@erasmusmc.nl. AD - State Institute of Public Health and Environment, Department of Infectious Disease Diagnostics, Research, and Laboratory Surveillance, Bilthoven, The Netherlands. FAU - Rockx, Barry AU - Rockx B AD - Erasmus Medical Centre, Department of Viroscience, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. FAU - Jaenisch, Thomas AU - Jaenisch T AD - Heidelberg University Hospital, Department for Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany. FAU - Fraaij, Pieter AU - Fraaij P AD - Erasmus Medical Centre, Department of Viroscience, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. FAU - Mayaud, Philippe AU - Mayaud P AD - London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Department of Clinical Research, London, United Kingdom. FAU - Vossen, Ann AU - Vossen A AD - Leiden University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden, The Netherlands. FAU - Koopmans, Marion AU - Koopmans M AD - Erasmus Medical Centre, Department of Viroscience, Rotterdam, The Netherlands a.voordouw@erasmusmc.nl m.koopmans@erasmusmc.nl. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20191211 TA - Clin Microbiol Rev JT - Clinical microbiology reviews JID - 8807282 SB - IM MH - Coinfection/diagnosis/parasitology/virology MH - Cytomegalovirus/*genetics MH - Diagnosis, Differential MH - Humans MH - Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/methods/standards MH - Parvovirus B19, Human/*genetics MH - Reproducibility of Results MH - Rubella virus/*genetics MH - Sensitivity and Specificity MH - Toxoplasma/*genetics MH - Toxoplasmosis/*diagnosis/epidemiology/*parasitology/transmission MH - Virus Diseases/*diagnosis/epidemiology/transmission/*virology MH - Zika Virus/*genetics PMC - PMC6927310 OTO - NOTNLM OT - *TORCH OT - *Zika virus OT - *congenital infections OT - *diagnostics OT - *fetal infection OT - *maternal infection OT - *molecular methods OT - *serology OT - *virology EDAT- 2019/12/13 06:00 MHDA- 2020/07/07 06:00 CRDT- 2019/12/13 06:00 PHST- 2019/12/13 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2019/12/13 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/07/07 06:00 [medline] AID - 33/1/e00130-18 [pii] AID - 00130-18 [pii] AID - 10.1128/CMR.00130-18 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Clin Microbiol Rev. 2019 Dec 11;33(1):e00130-18. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00130-18. Print 2019 Dec 18. PMID- 22997088 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20130128 LR - 20120921 IS - 1096-9071 (Electronic) IS - 0146-6615 (Linking) VI - 84 IP - 11 DP - 2012 Nov TI - Epidemiological and molecular characterization of rubella virus isolated in São Paulo, Brazil during 1997-2004. PG - 1831-8 LID - 10.1002/jmv.23393 [doi] AB - Rubella virus (RV) infection during the early stages of pregnancy can lead to serious birth defects, known as the congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). In 2003, the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) adopted a resolution calling for the elimination of rubella and the congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) in the Americas by the year 2010. Brazil will have implemented the recommended PAHO strategy for elimination and interruption of endemic rubella virus transmission. The characterization of genotypes during the final stages of rubella elimination is important for determining whether new rubella isolates represent endemic transmission or importations. Samples (blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, and throat swabs) collected from patients with symptoms suggestive of rubella infection in 1997-2004 were isolated in cell culture and genotyped. Twenty-eight sequences were analyzed and two genotypes were identified: 1a and 1G. The information reported in this paper will contribute to understanding the molecular epidemiology of RV in São Paulo, Brazil. CI - Copyright © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. FAU - Figueiredo, C A AU - Figueiredo CA AD - Instituto Adolfo Lutz-Núcleo de Doenças Respiratórias, São Paulo, Brazil. figueiredocris@uol.com.br FAU - Oliveira, M I AU - Oliveira MI FAU - Curti, S P AU - Curti SP FAU - Afonso, A M S AU - Afonso AM FAU - Frugis Yu, A L AU - Frugis Yu AL FAU - Araújo, J AU - Araújo J FAU - Oliveira, D B AU - Oliveira DB FAU - Durigon, E L AU - Durigon EL LA - eng SI - GENBANK/DQ458965 SI - GENBANK/EU220239 SI - GENBANK/EU220240 SI - GENBANK/EU220241 SI - GENBANK/EU220243 SI - GENBANK/EU220244 SI - GENBANK/EU220245 SI - GENBANK/EU220246 SI - GENBANK/GU053583 SI - GENBANK/JX066712 SI - GENBANK/JX066713 SI - GENBANK/JX066714 SI - GENBANK/JX066715 SI - GENBANK/JX066716 SI - GENBANK/JX066717 SI - GENBANK/JX066718 SI - GENBANK/JX066719 SI - GENBANK/JX066720 SI - GENBANK/JX066721 SI - GENBANK/JX066722 SI - GENBANK/JX066723 SI - GENBANK/JX066724 SI - GENBANK/JX066725 SI - GENBANK/JX066726 SI - GENBANK/JX066727 SI - GENBANK/JX066728 SI - GENBANK/JX066729 PT - Journal Article PL - United States TA - J Med Virol JT - Journal of medical virology JID - 7705876 RN - 0 (RNA, Viral) SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Brazil/epidemiology MH - Child MH - Child, Preschool MH - Cluster Analysis MH - Female MH - Genotype MH - Humans MH - Infant MH - Infant, Newborn MH - Male MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - Phylogeny MH - Pregnancy MH - RNA, Viral/genetics MH - Retrospective Studies MH - Rubella/*epidemiology/*virology MH - Rubella virus/*classification/*genetics/isolation & purification MH - Sequence Analysis, DNA MH - Virus Cultivation MH - Young Adult EDAT- 2012/09/22 06:00 MHDA- 2013/01/29 06:00 CRDT- 2012/09/22 06:00 PHST- 2012/09/22 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2012/09/22 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2013/01/29 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.1002/jmv.23393 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Med Virol. 2012 Nov;84(11):1831-8. doi: 10.1002/jmv.23393. PMID- 28848523 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20200929 IS - 1664-302X (Print) IS - 1664-302X (Electronic) IS - 1664-302X (Linking) VI - 8 DP - 2017 TI - Molecular Epidemiology of Rubella Virus Strains Detected Around the Time of the 2012-2013 Epidemic in Japan. PG - 1513 LID - 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01513 [doi] LID - 1513 AB - A nationwide rubella epidemic occurred from 2012 to 2013 in Japan, resulting in around 17,000 rubella cases and the birth of 45 infants with congenital rubella syndrome. The aim of this study was to genetically characterize the rubella viruses (RVs) circulating around the time of the epidemic in Japan. In total, 221 RV strains detected from 14 prefectures in Japan between 2010 and 2014 were sequenced in the 739 nucleotide-window region within the E1 gene. The virus strains were chronologically and geographically characterized into groups based on phylogenetic analysis. Among the 221 strains analyzed, 192 (87%), 26 (12%), and 3 (1%) strains were classified into genotypes 2B, 1E, and 1J, respectively. The majority (n = 184) of the genotype 2B strains belonged to lineage 2B-L1 and shared nucleotide homology with the strains detected in Southeast and East Asian countries. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that at least six distinct clusters of RV strains (clusters 1-6) induced outbreaks in Japan between 2010 and 2014. Among them, strains from clusters 3, 4, and 6 circulated almost simultaneously during 2012-2013. The cluster 3 strains circulated locally, whereas strains from cluster 4 spread nationwide. The findings suggest that RVs were introduced into Japan many times from neighboring countries. The 2012-2013 epidemic was a complex of outbreaks induced by at least three clusters of RV strains. FAU - Mori, Yoshio AU - Mori Y AD - Department of Virology 3, National Institute of Infectious DiseasesTokyo, Japan. FAU - Miyoshi, Masahiro AU - Miyoshi M AD - Hokkaido Institute of Public HealthSapporo, Japan. FAU - Kikuchi, Masayuki AU - Kikuchi M AD - Sapporo City Institute of Public HealthSapporo, Japan. FAU - Sekine, Masao AU - Sekine M AD - Sendai City Institute of Public HealthSendai, Japan. FAU - Umezawa, Masahiro AU - Umezawa M AD - Ibaraki Prefectural Institute of Public HealthIbaraki, Japan. FAU - Saikusa, Miwako AU - Saikusa M AD - Yokohama City Institute of Public HealthYokohama, Japan. FAU - Matsushima, Yuki AU - Matsushima Y AD - Kawasaki City Institute for Public HealthKawasaki, Japan. FAU - Itamochi, Masae AU - Itamochi M AD - Toyama Institute of HealthToyama, Japan. FAU - Yasui, Yoshihiro AU - Yasui Y AD - Aichi Prefectural Institute of Public HealthNagoya, Japan. FAU - Kanbayashi, Daiki AU - Kanbayashi D AD - Osaka Institute of Public HealthOsaka, Japan. FAU - Miyoshi, Tatsuya AU - Miyoshi T AD - Sakai City Institute of Public HealthSakai, Japan. FAU - Akiyoshi, Kyoko AU - Akiyoshi K AD - Kobe Institute of HealthKobe, Japan. FAU - Tatsumi, Chika AU - Tatsumi C AD - Shimane Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental ScienceShimane, Japan. FAU - Zaitsu, Shuichi AU - Zaitsu S AD - Fukuoka City Institute of Health and EnvironmentFukuoka, Japan. FAU - Kadoguchi, Mayumi AU - Kadoguchi M AD - Kumamoto City Environmental Research CenterKumamoto, Japan. AD - Kumamoto City HospitalKumamoto, Japan. FAU - Otsuki, Noriyuki AU - Otsuki N AD - Department of Virology 3, National Institute of Infectious DiseasesTokyo, Japan. FAU - Okamoto, Kiyoko AU - Okamoto K AD - Department of Virology 3, National Institute of Infectious DiseasesTokyo, Japan. FAU - Sakata, Masafumi AU - Sakata M AD - Department of Virology 3, National Institute of Infectious DiseasesTokyo, Japan. FAU - Komase, Katsuhiro AU - Komase K AD - Department of Virology 3, National Institute of Infectious DiseasesTokyo, Japan. AD - Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious DiseasesTokyo, Japan. FAU - Takeda, Makoto AU - Takeda M AD - Department of Virology 3, National Institute of Infectious DiseasesTokyo, Japan. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20170809 TA - Front Microbiol JT - Frontiers in microbiology JID - 101548977 PMC - PMC5553008 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Japan OT - epidemic OT - genotype OT - molecular epidemiology OT - rubella virus EDAT- 2017/08/30 06:00 MHDA- 2017/08/30 06:01 CRDT- 2017/08/30 06:00 PHST- 2017/06/20 00:00 [received] PHST- 2017/07/27 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2017/08/30 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2017/08/30 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2017/08/30 06:01 [medline] AID - 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01513 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Front Microbiol. 2017 Aug 9;8:1513. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01513. eCollection 2017. PMID- 23351667 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20130812 LR - 20211021 IS - 1743-422X (Electronic) IS - 1743-422X (Linking) VI - 10 DP - 2013 Jan 25 TI - Analysis of whole genome sequences of 16 strains of rubella virus from the United States, 1961-2009. PG - 32 LID - 10.1186/1743-422X-10-32 [doi] AB - Rubella virus is the causative agent of rubella, a mild rash illness, and a potent teratogenic agent when contracted by a pregnant woman. Global rubella control programs target the reduction and elimination of congenital rubella syndrome. Phylogenetic analysis of partial sequences of rubella viruses has contributed to virus surveillance efforts and played an important role in demonstrating that indigenous rubella viruses have been eliminated in the United States. Sixteen wild-type rubella viruses were chosen for whole genome sequencing. All 16 viruses were collected in the United States from 1961 to 2009 and are from 8 of the 13 known rubella genotypes. Phylogenetic analysis of 30 whole genome sequences produced a maximum likelihood tree giving high bootstrap values for all genotypes except provisional genotype 1a. Comparison of the 16 new complete sequences and 14 previously sequenced wild-type viruses found regions with clusters of variable amino acids. The 5' 250 nucleotides of the genome are more conserved than any other part of the genome. Genotype specific deletions in the untranslated region between the non-structural and structural open reading frames were observed for genotypes 2B and genotype 1G. No evidence was seen for recombination events among the 30 viruses. The analysis presented here is consistent with previous reports on the genetic characterization of rubella virus genomes. Conserved and variable regions were identified and additional evidence for genotype specific nucleotide deletions in the intergenic region was found. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed genotype groupings originally based on structural protein coding region sequences, which provides support for the WHO nomenclature for genetic characterization of wild-type rubella viruses. FAU - Abernathy, Emily AU - Abernathy E AD - National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. FAU - Chen, Min-hsin AU - Chen MH FAU - Bera, Jayati AU - Bera J FAU - Shrivastava, Susmita AU - Shrivastava S FAU - Kirkness, Ewen AU - Kirkness E FAU - Zheng, Qi AU - Zheng Q FAU - Bellini, William AU - Bellini W FAU - Icenogle, Joseph AU - Icenogle J LA - eng SI - GENBANK/JN635281 SI - GENBANK/JN635282 SI - GENBANK/JN635283 SI - GENBANK/JN635284 SI - GENBANK/JN635285 SI - GENBANK/JN635286 SI - GENBANK/JN635287 SI - GENBANK/JN635288 SI - GENBANK/JN635289 SI - GENBANK/JN635290 SI - GENBANK/JN635291 SI - GENBANK/JN635292 SI - GENBANK/JN635293 SI - GENBANK/JN635294 SI - GENBANK/JN635295 SI - GENBANK/JN635296 GR - HHSN272200900007C/PHS HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural DEP - 20130125 TA - Virol J JT - Virology journal JID - 101231645 RN - 0 (RNA, Viral) SB - IM MH - Cluster Analysis MH - Conserved Sequence MH - Female MH - Genetic Variation MH - *Genome, Viral MH - Genotype MH - Humans MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - Mutation, Missense MH - Phylogeny MH - Pregnancy MH - RNA, Viral/*genetics MH - Rubella virus/classification/*genetics/isolation & purification MH - *Sequence Analysis, DNA MH - Sequence Deletion MH - United States PMC - PMC3574052 EDAT- 2013/01/29 06:00 MHDA- 2013/08/13 06:00 CRDT- 2013/01/29 06:00 PHST- 2012/09/12 00:00 [received] PHST- 2013/01/16 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2013/01/29 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2013/01/29 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2013/08/13 06:00 [medline] AID - 1743-422X-10-32 [pii] AID - 10.1186/1743-422X-10-32 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Virol J. 2013 Jan 25;10:32. doi: 10.1186/1743-422X-10-32. PMID- 27622271 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20170808 LR - 20190212 IS - 1932-6203 (Electronic) IS - 1932-6203 (Linking) VI - 11 IP - 9 DP - 2016 TI - Genetic Characterization of Rubella Virus Strains Detected in Spain, 1998-2014. PG - e0162403 LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0162403 [doi] LID - e0162403 AB - The National Plan for the Elimination of Rubella was implemented in Spain in 2008 using the logistics of the National Plan for the Elimination of Measles that have been employed since year 2000. Molecular characterization of rubella virus (RUBV) is important for disease surveillance and for monitoring elimination of the disease throughout the world. We describe the first complete series of data regarding the circulation of RUBV genotypes in Spain. The 739-nucleotide fragment designated by the WHO for RUBV genotyping was sequenced in 88 selected cases collected from 1998 to 2014. Five genotypes were identified: 1E, 2B, 1J, 1I, and 1a. Genotype 1E was predominant between 1998 and 2003 but was replaced by genotype 2B, which was detected in sporadic cases in 2004, 2006, 2008, 2012, 2013 and 2014. There was an outbreak of genotype 2B in Algeciras (Andalusia) in 2008. Genotype 1J caused an outbreak in Madrid in 2004/2005 and sporadic cases in 2005 and 2007. Genotype 1I was found to have infected an immune-suppressed patient with neurological symptoms in 2008. Finally, vaccine strain RA 27/3 was detected in three sporadic cases, two of them immune-suppressed and without a recent history of vaccination. This suggests that during these years there were a series of imported sporadic cases and outbreaks, confirming the findings of epidemiological data analysis. The importation sources were generally consistent with our geographic and cultural ties, mainly with Europe (genotypes 1E, 2B, 1I) and Latin America (1J). FAU - Martínez-Torres, Alex O AU - Martínez-Torres AO AD - Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain. AD - Laboratorio de Microbiología Experimental y Aplicada, Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Post-Grado, Universidad de Panamá, Ciudad de Panama, Panama. FAU - Mosquera, María M AU - Mosquera MM AD - Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain. AD - CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain. FAU - De Ory, Fernando AU - De Ory F AD - Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain. AD - CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain. FAU - González-Praetorius, Alejandro AU - González-Praetorius A AD - Sección de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Spain. FAU - Echevarría, Juan E AU - Echevarría JE AD - Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain. AD - CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20160913 TA - PLoS One JT - PloS one JID - 101285081 SB - IM MH - Disease Outbreaks MH - Genotype MH - Humans MH - Phylogeny MH - Rubella/*epidemiology/*virology MH - Rubella virus/classification/*genetics/isolation & purification MH - Spain/epidemiology PMC - PMC5021264 COIS- The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. EDAT- 2016/09/14 06:00 MHDA- 2017/08/09 06:00 CRDT- 2016/09/14 06:00 PHST- 2016/06/11 00:00 [received] PHST- 2016/07/08 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2016/09/14 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2016/09/14 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2017/08/09 06:00 [medline] AID - PONE-D-16-23511 [pii] AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0162403 [doi] PST - epublish SO - PLoS One. 2016 Sep 13;11(9):e0162403. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162403. eCollection 2016. PMID- 28674718 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20180409 LR - 20190115 IS - 0379-5284 (Print) IS - 0379-5284 (Linking) VI - 38 IP - 7 DP - 2017 Jul TI - Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii, Rubella virus and Cytomegalovirus among pregnant women and the importance of avidity assays. PG - 727-732 LID - 10.15537/smj.2017.7.18182 [doi] AB - OBJECTIVES: To determine the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), Rubella virus, and Cytomegalovirus (CMV) among pregnant women in Izmir, Turkey. METHODS: Medical records of pregnant women attending Izmir Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey between January 2014 and January 2016 were analyzed in this retrospective cross-sectional study. The 7513 T. gondii IgM/IgG results, 7189 Rubella IgM/IgG results, 906 CMV IgM/IgG results and 146 avidity test results were evaluated. Specific IgM and IgG antibodies were detected by an automated chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay method. Immunoglobulin G avidity tests were performed using a multiparametric immunoassay system. RESULTS: The rates of IgG positivity for T. gondii was 32.3%, Rubella virus 93.5%, and CMV 98.9%. Immunoglobulin M antibodies were found to be positive in 138 (1.9%) cases for T. gondii, 88 (1.2%) cases for Rubella, and 14 (1.5%) cases for CMV. Avidity tests were ordered from 146 of 218 patients who were found both IgM and IgG positive. Among 146 patients, 6 patients had a low avidity index (all for T. gondii), 11 patients showed borderline avidity, and 129 patients revealed high avidity. CONCLUSION: In our region, whereas the rates of IgG positivity for Rubella and CMV are high, most pregnant women were susceptible to T. gondii infections. In order to enhance the reliability of the serological diagnosis, avidity tests should be performed in all IgM positivities detected together with IgG positivity. FAU - Sirin, Mumtaz C AU - Sirin MC AD - Department of Medical Microbiology, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey. E-mail. drmcemsirin@yahoo.com. FAU - Agus, Neval AU - Agus N FAU - Yilmaz, Nisel AU - Yilmaz N FAU - Bayram, Arzu AU - Bayram A FAU - Derici, Yeser K AU - Derici YK FAU - Samlioglu, Pinar AU - Samlioglu P FAU - Hanci, Sevgi Y AU - Hanci SY FAU - Dogan, Guliz AU - Dogan G LA - eng PT - Journal Article TA - Saudi Med J JT - Saudi medical journal JID - 7909441 RN - 0 (Immunoglobulins) SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - *Antibody Affinity MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - Cytomegalovirus/*immunology MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Immunoglobulins/blood MH - Middle Aged MH - Pregnancy MH - Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/blood/*diagnosis MH - Retrospective Studies MH - Rubella virus/*immunology MH - Toxoplasma/*immunology MH - Young Adult PMC - PMC5556280 EDAT- 2017/07/05 06:00 MHDA- 2018/04/10 06:00 CRDT- 2017/07/05 06:00 PHST- 2017/07/05 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2017/07/05 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2018/04/10 06:00 [medline] AID - SaudiMedJ-38-727 [pii] AID - 10.15537/smj.2017.7.18182 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Saudi Med J. 2017 Jul;38(7):727-732. doi: 10.15537/smj.2017.7.18182. PMID- 26137534 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20160704 LR - 20181113 IS - 2352-3964 (Print) IS - 2352-3964 (Electronic) IS - 2352-3964 (Linking) VI - 2 IP - 1 DP - 2015 Jan TI - Pathogenesis of Congenital Rubella Virus Infection in Human Fetuses: Viral Infection in the Ciliary Body Could Play an Important Role in Cataractogenesis. PG - 59-63 LID - 10.1016/j.ebiom.2014.10.021 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Development of congenital rubella syndrome associated with rubella virus infection during pregnancy is clinically important, but the pathogenicity of the virus remains unclear. METHODS: Pathological examination was conducted on 3 aborted fetuses with congenital rubella infection. FINDINGS: At autopsy, all 3 aborted fetuses showed congenital cataract confirmed by gross observation. Rubella virus infection occurred via systemic organs including circulating hematopoietic stem cells confirmed by immunohistochemical and molecular investigations, and major histopathogical changes were found in the liver. It is noteworthy that the virus infected the ciliary body of the eye, suggesting a possible cause of cataracts. INTERPRETATION: Our study based on the pathological examination demonstrated that the rubella virus infection occurred via systemic organs of human fetuses. This fact was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and direct detection of viral RNA in multiple organs. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first report demonstrating that the rubella virus infection occurred via systemic organs of the human body. Importantly, virus infection of the ciliary body could play an important role in cataractogenesis. FAU - Nguyen, Thong Van AU - Nguyen TV AD - Department of Pathology, Cytology and Genetics, Hung Vuong Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam. FAU - Pham, Van Hung AU - Pham VH AD - Center for Molecular Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy in Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam ; Molecular Diagnostics Section, Nam Khoa-Biotek Laboratory, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam. FAU - Abe, Kenji AU - Abe K AD - Center for Molecular Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy in Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam ; Molecular Diagnostics Section, Nam Khoa-Biotek Laboratory, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam ; Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20141030 TA - EBioMedicine JT - EBioMedicine JID - 101647039 RN - 0 (RNA, Viral) SB - IM MH - Cataract/pathology/*virology MH - Ciliary Body/pathology/*virology MH - Female MH - Fetus/pathology/*virology MH - Humans MH - Immunohistochemistry MH - Organ Specificity MH - Pregnancy MH - RNA, Viral/genetics MH - Rubella/*congenital/pathology/*virology MH - Rubella virus/*physiology PMC - PMC4484509 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Cataract OT - Congenital rubella infection (CRI) OT - Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) OT - Pathogenesis of rubella virus OT - Pathology of rubella EDAT- 2015/07/03 06:00 MHDA- 2015/07/03 06:01 CRDT- 2015/07/03 06:00 PHST- 2014/09/24 00:00 [received] PHST- 2014/10/28 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2014/10/29 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2015/07/03 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2015/07/03 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2015/07/03 06:01 [medline] AID - S2352-3964(14)00023-1 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.ebiom.2014.10.021 [doi] PST - epublish SO - EBioMedicine. 2014 Oct 30;2(1):59-63. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2014.10.021. eCollection 2015 Jan. PMID- 25111367 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20150807 LR - 20141219 IS - 1096-9071 (Electronic) IS - 0146-6615 (Linking) VI - 87 IP - 2 DP - 2015 Feb TI - Characterization of rubella virus genotypes among pregnant women in northern Vietnam, 2011-2013. PG - 338-43 LID - 10.1002/jmv.24049 [doi] AB - Rubella virus (RV) infection is an unresolved clinical complication that affects children in developing countries including Vietnam. RV infection during the first trimester of pregnancy causes severe birth defects known as congenital rubella syndrome. This study reports on the genomic characterization of RV strains circulating in northern Vietnam during 2011-2013. RV-IgM positive amniotic fluid specimens were collected from 38 women from northern Vietnam who presented with clinical rubella at the National Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Hanoi, Vietnam. The RV genes were determined by nested PCR with primers amplifying the 739-nucleotide coding region of the E1 gene. The sequences from the amplified DNA fragments were phylogenetically analyzed and compared to reference RV strains. Seventeen out of 38 samples are positive for RV detecting. All new RV isolates are clustered to genotype 2B. Eighteen amino acid mutations were found in the T and B cell epitopes. These results suggest that genotype 2B RV strains frequently circulate in northern Vietnam. These data describe the RV genotype in Vietnam with the aim of improving maternal and child health in this country. CI - © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. FAU - Van Le, Son AU - Van Le S AD - Laboratory of Applied DNA Technology, Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam; National Key Laboratory of Gene Technology, Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam. FAU - Le, Duc Hoang AU - Le DH FAU - Hoang, Huong Thi AU - Hoang HT FAU - Hoang, Ha AU - Hoang H FAU - Nguyen, Nam Trung AU - Nguyen NT FAU - Chu, Ha Hoang AU - Chu HH LA - eng SI - GENBANK/KJ095587 SI - GENBANK/KJ095588 SI - GENBANK/KJ095589 SI - GENBANK/KJ095590 SI - GENBANK/KJ095591 SI - GENBANK/KJ095592 SI - GENBANK/KJ095593 SI - GENBANK/KJ095594 SI - GENBANK/KJ095595 SI - GENBANK/KJ095596 SI - GENBANK/KJ095597 SI - GENBANK/KJ095598 SI - GENBANK/KJ095599 SI - GENBANK/KJ095600 SI - GENBANK/KJ095601 SI - GENBANK/KJ095602 SI - GENBANK/KJ095603 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20140811 PL - United States TA - J Med Virol JT - Journal of medical virology JID - 7705876 RN - 0 (Viral Envelope Proteins) RN - 131016-01-8 (E1 envelope protein, Rubella virus) SB - IM MH - Cluster Analysis MH - Female MH - Genotype MH - Humans MH - Molecular Epidemiology MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - Phylogeny MH - Polymerase Chain Reaction MH - Pregnancy MH - Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/epidemiology/*virology MH - Rubella/epidemiology/*virology MH - Rubella virus/*classification/*genetics/isolation & purification MH - Sequence Analysis, DNA MH - Vietnam/epidemiology MH - Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics OTO - NOTNLM OT - genotype OT - molecular OT - phylogenetic EDAT- 2014/08/12 06:00 MHDA- 2015/08/08 06:00 CRDT- 2014/08/12 06:00 PHST- 2014/07/15 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2014/08/12 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2014/08/12 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2015/08/08 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.1002/jmv.24049 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Med Virol. 2015 Feb;87(2):338-43. doi: 10.1002/jmv.24049. Epub 2014 Aug 11. PMID- 15587819 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20050324 LR - 20061115 IS - 0300-9041 (Print) IS - 0300-9041 (Linking) VI - 72 DP - 2004 Sep TI - [Frequency of antibodies against rubella virus in puerperium women]. PG - 445-9 AB - BACKGROUND: The significance of clinical and epidemiological rubella lies in its teratogenic effects on fetus; thus, rubella and congenital rubella represent great public health problems. OBJECTIVES: To determine the frequency of antibodies against rubella virus in early puerperium women, and to identify factors related to the absence of immunity against it. MATERIAL AND METHODS: During the period 2000-2002, a cross-sectional study was conducted. Women in puerperium period, residents of urban and rural areas of Delicias, Chihuahua, Mexico, were included. Women were interviewed and asked about factors that have been associated with the absence of immunity against rubella virus such as age, schooling, number of gestations, and residence area. We collected a blood sample between 1 and 6 hours after delivery, and anti-rubella IgG was determined. RESULTS: 396 patients aged 24 +/- 6 years were studied. The frequency of antibodies against rubella virus was of 87% (CI 95% 84-90). The factors related to the absence of antibodies against rubella were: number of gestations and schooling; patients whose pregnancy was the first or second gestation had a smaller frequency of antibodies against rubella virus (84%) compared to those with two previous gestations (95%, p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: The observed frequency of antibodies of rubella virus in this population is smaller than the informed one in industrialized countries. It is recommended to reinforce procedures of vaccination for susceptible women and after delivery, in order to prevent the infection consequences, as well as routinely carry out tests for detection of antibodies against rubella like protocol of premarital study. FAU - Sagarnaga Durante, Desirée AU - Sagarnaga Durante D AD - Unidad de Medicina Familiar 33, IMSS, Chihuahua, México. FAU - Delgado Monge, Cecilia AU - Delgado Monge C FAU - Sáenz Flores, Guadalupe AU - Sáenz Flores G FAU - Tufiño Olivares, Edith AU - Tufiño Olivares E FAU - Levario Carrillo, Margarita AU - Levario Carrillo M LA - spa PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article PT - Review TT - Frecuencia de anticuerpos frente al virus de la rubéola en mujeres en posparto inmediato. PL - Mexico TA - Ginecol Obstet Mex JT - Ginecologia y obstetricia de Mexico JID - 0376552 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (rubella antibodies) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Antibodies, Viral/*blood MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Postpartum Period MH - Rubella virus/*immunology RF - 15 EDAT- 2004/12/14 09:00 MHDA- 2005/03/25 09:00 CRDT- 2004/12/14 09:00 PHST- 2004/12/14 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2005/03/25 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2004/12/14 09:00 [entrez] PST - ppublish SO - Ginecol Obstet Mex. 2004 Sep;72:445-9. PMID- 27147722 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20170717 LR - 20191210 IS - 1098-660X (Electronic) IS - 0095-1137 (Print) IS - 0095-1137 (Linking) VI - 54 IP - 7 DP - 2016 Jul TI - Assessing Immunity to Rubella Virus: a Plea for Standardization of IgG (Immuno)assays. PG - 1720-1725 LID - 10.1128/JCM.00383-16 [doi] AB - Immunity to rubella virus (RV) is commonly determined by measuring specific immunoglobulin G (RV IgG). However, RV IgG results and their interpretation may vary, depending on the immunoassay, even though most commercial immunoassays (CIAs) have been calibrated against an international standard and results are reported in international units per milliliter. A panel of 322 sera collected from pregnant women that tested negative or equivocal for RV IgG in a prior test (routine screening) was selected. This panel was tested with two reference tests, immunoblotting (IB) and neutralization (Nt), and with 8 CIAs widely used in Europe. IB and Nt gave concordant results on 267/322 (82.9%) sera. Of these, 85 (26.4%) sera were negative and 182 (56.5%) sera were positive for both tests. All 85 IB/Nt-negative samples were classified as negative with all CIAs. Of the 182 IB/Nt-positive samples, 25.3 to 61.5% were classified as equivocal and 6 to 64.8% were classified as positive with the CIAs. Wide variations in titers in international units per milliliter were observed. In our series, more than half of the women considered susceptible to RV based on CIA results tested positive for RV antibodies by IB/Nt. Our data suggest that (i) sensitivity of CIAs could be increased by considering equivocal results as positive and (ii) the definition of immunity to RV as the 10-IU/ml usual cutoff as well as the use of quantitative results for clinical decisions may warrant reconsideration. A better standardization of CIAs for RV IgG determination is needed. CI - Copyright © 2016, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. FAU - Bouthry, Elise AU - Bouthry E AD - AP-HP, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris-Sud, Virologie, WHO Rubella NRL, National Reference Laboratory for Maternofetal Rubella Infections, University Paris-Sud, INSERM U1193, Villejuif, France. FAU - Furione, Milena AU - Furione M AD - Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, SC Microbiologia e Virologia, Pavia, Italy m.furione@smatteo.pv.it christelle.vauloup@aphp.fr. FAU - Huzly, Daniela AU - Huzly D AD - Institute of Virology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. FAU - Ogee-Nwankwo, Adaeze AU - Ogee-Nwankwo A AD - Measles, Mumps, Rubella and Herpesvirus Laboratory Branch, Division of Viral, Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. FAU - Hao, LiJuan AU - Hao L AD - Measles, Mumps, Rubella and Herpesvirus Laboratory Branch, Division of Viral, Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. FAU - Adebayo, Adebola AU - Adebayo A AD - Measles, Mumps, Rubella and Herpesvirus Laboratory Branch, Division of Viral, Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. FAU - Icenogle, Joseph AU - Icenogle J AD - Measles, Mumps, Rubella and Herpesvirus Laboratory Branch, Division of Viral, Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. FAU - Sarasini, Antonella AU - Sarasini A AD - Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, SC Microbiologia e Virologia, Pavia, Italy. FAU - Revello, Maria Grazia AU - Revello MG AD - Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, SC Ostetricia e Ginecologia, Pavia, Italy. FAU - Grangeot-Keros, Liliane AU - Grangeot-Keros L AD - AP-HP, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris-Sud, Virologie, WHO Rubella NRL, National Reference Laboratory for Maternofetal Rubella Infections, University Paris-Sud, INSERM U1193, Villejuif, France. FAU - Vauloup-Fellous, Christelle AU - Vauloup-Fellous C AD - AP-HP, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris-Sud, Virologie, WHO Rubella NRL, National Reference Laboratory for Maternofetal Rubella Infections, University Paris-Sud, INSERM U1193, Villejuif, France m.furione@smatteo.pv.it christelle.vauloup@aphp.fr. LA - eng PT - Comparative Study PT - Evaluation Study PT - Journal Article DEP - 20160504 TA - J Clin Microbiol JT - Journal of clinical microbiology JID - 7505564 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin G) SB - IM CIN - J Clin Microbiol. 2016 Jul;54(7):1682-3. PMID: 27170018 MH - Adult MH - Animals MH - Antibodies, Viral/*blood MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Immunoassay/*standards MH - Immunoglobulin G/*blood MH - Pregnancy MH - Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/*prevention & control MH - Rubella/*prevention & control MH - Rubella virus/*immunology PMC - PMC4922105 EDAT- 2016/05/06 06:00 MHDA- 2017/07/18 06:00 CRDT- 2016/05/06 06:00 PHST- 2016/02/19 00:00 [received] PHST- 2016/04/11 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2016/05/06 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2016/05/06 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2017/07/18 06:00 [medline] AID - JCM.00383-16 [pii] AID - 00383-16 [pii] AID - 10.1128/JCM.00383-16 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Clin Microbiol. 2016 Jul;54(7):1720-1725. doi: 10.1128/JCM.00383-16. Epub 2016 May 4. PMID- 10823864 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20000629 LR - 20191210 IS - 0022-538X (Print) IS - 1098-5514 (Electronic) IS - 0022-538X (Linking) VI - 74 IP - 12 DP - 2000 Jun TI - Rubella virus capsid associates with host cell protein p32 and localizes to mitochondria. PG - 5569-76 AB - Togavirus nucleocapsids have a characteristic icosahedral structure and are composed of multiple copies of a capsid protein complexed with genomic RNA. The assembly of rubella virus nucleocapsids is unique among togaviruses in that the process occurs late in virus assembly and in association with intracellular membranes. The goal of this study was to identify host cell proteins which may be involved in regulating rubella virus nucleocapsid assembly through their interactions with the capsid protein. Capsid was used as bait to screen a CV1 cDNA library using the yeast two-hybrid system. One protein that interacted strongly with capsid was p32, a cellular protein which is known to interact with other viral proteins. The interaction between capsid and p32 was confirmed using a number of different in vitro and in vivo methods, and the site of interaction between these two proteins was shown to be at the mitochondria. Interestingly, overexpression of the rubella virus structural proteins resulted in clustering of the mitochondria in the perinuclear region. The p32-binding site in capsid is a potentially phosphorylated region that overlaps the viral RNA-binding domain of capsid. Our results are consistent with the possibility that the interaction of p32 with capsid plays a role in the regulation of nucleocapsid assembly and/or virus-host interactions. FAU - Beatch, M D AU - Beatch MD AD - Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada. FAU - Hobman, T C AU - Hobman TC LA - eng SI - GENBANK/AF238300 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't TA - J Virol JT - Journal of virology JID - 0113724 RN - 0 (Hyaluronan Receptors) RN - 0 (Proteins) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Binding Sites MH - Capsid/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism MH - Cell Line MH - Chlorocebus aethiops MH - Cytoplasm/chemistry MH - Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect MH - *Hyaluronan Receptors MH - Mitochondria/chemistry/*metabolism MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - Molecular Weight MH - Phosphorylation MH - Precipitin Tests MH - Protein Binding MH - Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism MH - *Rubella virus/genetics MH - Sequence Deletion/genetics MH - Substrate Specificity MH - Transfection MH - Two-Hybrid System Techniques PMC - PMC112044 EDAT- 2000/05/24 09:00 MHDA- 2000/07/06 11:00 CRDT- 2000/05/24 09:00 PHST- 2000/05/24 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2000/07/06 11:00 [medline] PHST- 2000/05/24 09:00 [entrez] AID - 2269 [pii] AID - 10.1128/jvi.74.12.5569-5576.2000 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Virol. 2000 Jun;74(12):5569-76. doi: 10.1128/jvi.74.12.5569-5576.2000. PMID- 26097835 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE DCOM- 20150622 LR - 20200930 IS - 2248-2997 (Print) IS - 2248-2997 (Electronic) IS - 2248-2997 (Linking) VI - 5 IP - 2 DP - 2015 Jun TI - Seroprevalence of rubella virus IgG in pregnant women in Harare, Zimbabwe. PG - 50-2 LID - 10.11599/germs.2015.1071 [doi] FAU - Mamvura, Tafadzwa Shepherd AU - Mamvura TS AD - MSc, EcoMark Limited, Harare, Zimbabwe. FAU - Chin'ombe, Nyasha AU - Chin'ombe N AD - PhD, Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe. FAU - Ruhanya, Vurayai AU - Ruhanya V AD - MSc, Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe. FAU - Nziramasanga, Pasipanodya AU - Nziramasanga P AD - PhD, Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20150602 TA - Germs JT - Germs JID - 101596099 PMC - PMC4472191 COIS- Conflicts of interest: All authors - none to declare. EDAT- 2015/06/23 06:00 MHDA- 2015/06/23 06:01 CRDT- 2015/06/23 06:00 PHST- 2015/01/14 00:00 [received] PHST- 2015/02/24 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2015/03/02 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2015/06/23 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2015/06/23 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2015/06/23 06:01 [medline] AID - germs.2015.1071 [pii] AID - 10.11599/germs.2015.1071 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Germs. 2015 Jun 2;5(2):50-2. doi: 10.11599/germs.2015.1071. eCollection 2015 Jun. PMID- 30680653 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20191126 LR - 20211204 IS - 1573-2592 (Electronic) IS - 0271-9142 (Print) IS - 0271-9142 (Linking) VI - 39 IP - 1 DP - 2019 Jan TI - Outcomes for Nitazoxanide Treatment in a Case Series of Patients with Primary Immunodeficiencies and Rubella Virus-Associated Granuloma. PG - 112-117 LID - 10.1007/s10875-019-0589-0 [doi] AB - PURPOSE: Nitazoxanide was recently reported as having in vitro effectiveness against the rubella virus. Immunodeficiency-related vaccine-derived rubella occurs in some patients who have an inherited immunodeficiency and who received the MMR vaccine. This study investigated the in vivo effectiveness of nitazoxanide therapy. METHODS: This is a retrospective analysis of seven patients treated with nitazoxanide as salvage therapy for immunodeficiency-related vaccine-derived rubella infection. The patients were recruited from an ongoing rubella detection surveillance project. RESULTS: Seven patients with persistent rubella were treated with nitazoxanide and one demonstrated significant clinical improvement. Two additional patients exhibited diminished viral capsid production with one patient having transient slowing of progression. The cohort overall generally had low T cell counts and had a high burden of comorbidities. There were three deaths. Two deaths were from PML and one was related to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. CONCLUSIONS: Nitazoxanide has limited in vivo anti-viral effects for immunodeficiency-related vaccine-derived rubella. Most patients did not exhibit clinical improvement. FAU - Perelygina, Ludmila AU - Perelygina L AD - Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, USA. FAU - Buchbinder, David AU - Buchbinder D AD - Division of Hematology, CHOC Children's Hospital, Orange, CA, USA. FAU - Dorsey, Morna J AU - Dorsey MJ AD - Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Blood and Marrow Transplant, Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, 1975 4th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA. FAU - Eloit, Marc AU - Eloit M AD - Institut Pasteur, Laboratory of Pathogen Discovery, Biology of Infection Unit, Inserm U1117, Paris, France. FAU - Hauck, Fabian AU - Hauck F AD - Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany. FAU - Hautala, Timo AU - Hautala T AD - Research Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Kajaanintie 50, 90220, Oulu, Finland. FAU - Moshous, Despina AU - Moshous D AD - Department of Pediatric Immunology, Hematology and Rheumatology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Necker Children's Hospital, Paris, France. AD - Laboratory "Genome Dynamics in The Immune System," INSERM UMR1163, Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Paris, France. FAU - Uriarte, Ignacio AU - Uriarte I AD - Immunology Unit, The Child's and Mother Hospital, Vitorio Tetamanti, High School of Medicine, Mar del Plata National University, Castelli 2450 Mar del Plata, 7600, Buenos Aires, Argentina. FAU - Deripapa, Elena AU - Deripapa E AD - Department of Immunology, Center for Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, Immunology, Moscow, Russia. FAU - Icenogle, Joseph AU - Icenogle J AD - Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, USA. FAU - Sullivan, Kathleen E AU - Sullivan KE AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4018-1646 AD - Division of Allergy Immunology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. sullivank@email.chop.edu. LA - eng GR - R21 AI130967/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. DEP - 20190124 TA - J Clin Immunol JT - Journal of clinical immunology JID - 8102137 RN - 0 (Nitro Compounds) RN - 0 (Thiazoles) RN - SOA12P041N (nitazoxanide) SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Child MH - Child, Preschool MH - Female MH - Granuloma/*drug therapy/virology MH - Humans MH - Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/*virology MH - Infant MH - Male MH - Nitro Compounds MH - Retrospective Studies MH - Rubella/*drug therapy/virology MH - Rubella virus/*drug effects MH - T-Lymphocytes/drug effects/virology MH - Thiazoles/*therapeutic use MH - Vaccination/methods PMC - PMC6383808 MID - NIHMS1519538 OTO - NOTNLM OT - *Granulomas OT - *MMR OT - *chronic inflammation OT - *nitazoxanide OT - *vaccine COIS- Conflict of interest: The authors declare they have ho conflicts of interest. EDAT- 2019/01/27 06:00 MHDA- 2019/11/27 06:00 CRDT- 2019/01/26 06:00 PHST- 2018/09/25 00:00 [received] PHST- 2019/01/02 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2019/01/27 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2019/11/27 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2019/01/26 06:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1007/s10875-019-0589-0 [pii] AID - 10.1007/s10875-019-0589-0 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Clin Immunol. 2019 Jan;39(1):112-117. doi: 10.1007/s10875-019-0589-0. Epub 2019 Jan 24. PMID- 12525610 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20030211 LR - 20190508 IS - 0022-538X (Print) IS - 1098-5514 (Electronic) IS - 0022-538X (Linking) VI - 77 IP - 3 DP - 2003 Feb TI - Phosphorylation of rubella virus capsid regulates its RNA binding activity and virus replication. PG - 1764-71 AB - Rubella virus is an enveloped positive-strand RNA virus of the family TOGAVIRIDAE: Virions are composed of three structural proteins: a capsid and two membrane-spanning glycoproteins, E2 and E1. During virus assembly, the capsid interacts with genomic RNA to form nucleocapsids. In the present study, we have investigated the role of capsid phosphorylation in virus replication. We have identified a single serine residue within the RNA binding region that is required for normal phosphorylation of this protein. The importance of capsid phosphorylation in virus replication was demonstrated by the fact that recombinant viruses encoding hypophosphorylated capsids replicated at much lower titers and were less cytopathic than wild-type virus. Nonphosphorylated mutant capsid proteins exhibited higher affinities for viral RNA than wild-type phosphorylated capsids. Capsid protein isolated from wild-type strain virions bound viral RNA more efficiently than cell-associated capsid. However, the RNA-binding activity of cell-associated capsids increased dramatically after treatment with phosphatase, suggesting that the capsid is dephosphorylated during virus assembly. In vitro assays indicate that the capsid may be a substrate for protein phosphatase 1A. As capsid is heavily phosphorylated under conditions where virus assembly does not occur, we propose that phosphorylation serves to negatively regulate binding of viral genomic RNA. This may delay the initiation of nucleocapsid assembly until sufficient amounts of virus glycoproteins accumulate at the budding site and/or prevent nonspecific binding to cellular RNA when levels of genomic RNA are low. It follows that at a late stage in replication, the capsid may undergo dephosphorylation before nucleocapsid assembly occurs. FAU - Law, Lok Man J AU - Law LM AD - Departments of Cell Biology. Biochemistry. Signal Transduction Research Group, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada. FAU - Everitt, Jason C AU - Everitt JC FAU - Beatch, Martin D AU - Beatch MD FAU - Holmes, Charles F B AU - Holmes CF FAU - Hobman, Tom C AU - Hobman TC LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't TA - J Virol JT - Journal of virology JID - 0113724 RN - 0 (RNA, Viral) SB - IM MH - Amino Acid Sequence MH - Animals MH - Base Sequence MH - Capsid/*metabolism MH - Cell Line MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - Phosphorylation MH - RNA, Viral/*metabolism MH - Rubella virus/*physiology MH - *Virus Assembly MH - *Virus Replication PMC - PMC140988 EDAT- 2003/01/15 04:00 MHDA- 2003/02/13 04:00 CRDT- 2003/01/15 04:00 PHST- 2003/01/15 04:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2003/02/13 04:00 [medline] PHST- 2003/01/15 04:00 [entrez] AID - 1807 [pii] AID - 10.1128/jvi.77.3.1764-1771.2003 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Virol. 2003 Feb;77(3):1764-71. doi: 10.1128/jvi.77.3.1764-1771.2003. PMID- 20351211 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20100806 LR - 20211020 IS - 1098-660X (Electronic) IS - 0095-1137 (Print) IS - 0095-1137 (Linking) VI - 48 IP - 5 DP - 2010 May TI - Rubella virus genotypes in the People's Republic of China between 1979 and 2007: a shift in endemic viruses during the 2001 Rubella Epidemic. PG - 1775-81 LID - 10.1128/JCM.02055-09 [doi] AB - The incidence of rubella cases in China from 1991 to 2007 was reviewed, and the nucleotide sequences from 123 rubella viruses collected during 1999 to 2007 and 4 viral sequences previously reported from 1979 to 1984 were phylogenetically analyzed. Rubella vaccination was not included in national immunization programs in China before 2007. Changes in endemic viruses were compared with incidences of rubella epidemics. The results showed that rubella epidemics occur approximately every 6 to 8 years (1993/1994, 2001, and 2007), and a shift of disease burden to susceptible young adults was observed. The Chinese rubella virus sequences were categorized into 5 of the 13 rubella virus genotypes, 1a, 1E, 1F, 2A, and 2B; cocirculations of these different genotypes were found in China. In Anhui province, a shift in the predominant genotype from 1F and 2B to 1E coincided with the 2001 rubella epidemic. This shift may have occurred throughout China during 2001 to 2007. This study investigated the genotype distribution of rubella viruses in China over a 28-year period to establish an important genetic baseline in China during its prevaccination era. FAU - Zhu, Zhen AU - Zhu Z AD - WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory and State Key Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Genetic Engineering, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China. FAU - Abernathy, Emily AU - Abernathy E FAU - Cui, Aili AU - Cui A FAU - Zhang, Yan AU - Zhang Y FAU - Zhou, Shujie AU - Zhou S FAU - Zhang, Zhenying AU - Zhang Z FAU - Wang, Changyin AU - Wang C FAU - Wang, Tongzhan AU - Wang T FAU - Ling, Hua AU - Ling H FAU - Zhao, Chunfang AU - Zhao C FAU - Chen, Yingqiong AU - Chen Y FAU - He, Jilan AU - He J FAU - Sun, Li AU - Sun L FAU - Chen, Xia AU - Chen X FAU - Tang, Jihai AU - Tang J FAU - Feng, Daxin AU - Feng D FAU - Wang, Yan AU - Wang Y FAU - Ba, Zhuoma AU - Ba Z FAU - Fan, Lixia AU - Fan L FAU - Chen, Haiyun AU - Chen H FAU - Pan, Zhengfan AU - Pan Z FAU - Zhan, Jun AU - Zhan J FAU - Chen, Hui AU - Chen H FAU - Zhou, Shunde AU - Zhou S FAU - Zheng, Lei AU - Zheng L FAU - Gao, Hui AU - Gao H FAU - Liang, Yong AU - Liang Y FAU - Dai, Defang AU - Dai D FAU - Icenogle, Joseph AU - Icenogle J FAU - Xu, Wenbo AU - Xu W LA - eng SI - GENBANK/FJ875029 SI - GENBANK/FJ875030 SI - GENBANK/FJ875031 SI - GENBANK/FJ875032 SI - GENBANK/FJ875033 SI - GENBANK/FJ875034 SI - GENBANK/FJ875035 SI - GENBANK/FJ875036 SI - GENBANK/FJ875037 SI - GENBANK/FJ875038 SI - GENBANK/FJ875039 SI - GENBANK/FJ875040 SI - GENBANK/FJ875041 SI - GENBANK/FJ875042 SI - GENBANK/FJ875043 SI - GENBANK/FJ875044 SI - GENBANK/FJ875045 SI - GENBANK/FJ875046 SI - GENBANK/FJ875047 SI - GENBANK/FJ875048 SI - GENBANK/FJ875049 SI - GENBANK/FJ875050 SI - GENBANK/FJ875051 SI - GENBANK/FJ875052 SI - GENBANK/FJ875053 SI - GENBANK/FJ875054 SI - GENBANK/FJ875055 SI - GENBANK/FJ875056 SI - GENBANK/FJ875057 SI - GENBANK/FJ875058 SI - GENBANK/FJ875059 SI - GENBANK/FJ875060 SI - GENBANK/FJ875061 SI - GENBANK/FJ875062 SI - GENBANK/FJ875063 SI - GENBANK/FJ875064 SI - GENBANK/FJ875065 SI - GENBANK/FJ875066 SI - GENBANK/FJ875067 SI - GENBANK/FJ875068 SI - GENBANK/FJ875069 SI - GENBANK/FJ875070 SI - GENBANK/FJ875071 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20100329 TA - J Clin Microbiol JT - Journal of clinical microbiology JID - 7505564 SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Animals MH - Child MH - Child, Preschool MH - China/epidemiology MH - Chlorocebus aethiops MH - Cluster Analysis MH - *Endemic Diseases MH - Female MH - Genotype MH - Humans MH - Incidence MH - Infant MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Molecular Epidemiology MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - Phylogeny MH - Rubella/*epidemiology/*virology MH - Rubella virus/*classification/*genetics/isolation & purification MH - Sequence Analysis, DNA MH - Vero Cells MH - Young Adult PMC - PMC2863877 EDAT- 2010/03/31 06:00 MHDA- 2010/08/07 06:00 CRDT- 2010/03/31 06:00 PHST- 2010/03/31 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2010/03/31 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2010/08/07 06:00 [medline] AID - JCM.02055-09 [pii] AID - 2055-09 [pii] AID - 10.1128/JCM.02055-09 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Clin Microbiol. 2010 May;48(5):1775-81. doi: 10.1128/JCM.02055-09. Epub 2010 Mar 29. PMID- 32331806 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20210413 LR - 20210413 IS - 1873-2518 (Electronic) IS - 0264-410X (Linking) VI - 38 IP - 24 DP - 2020 May 19 TI - Antibodies to measles, mumps, and rubella virus in Thai children after two-dose vaccination at 9 months and 2.5 years: A longitudinal study. PG - 4016-4023 LID - S0264-410X(20)30483-7 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.04.013 [doi] AB - INTRODUCTION: Thailand changed the schedule of childhood measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination in 2014, moving the second dose from the age of 6 years to 2.5 years. There are currently no data on antibody responses to the MMR vaccine since this recommendation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We investigated antibody responses in a cohort of children who received two doses of MMR vaccine at the ages of 9 months and 2.5 years that was originally established to evaluate antibody levels to Bordetella pertussis antigens (ClinicalTrials.gov no. NCT02408926). Infants were born to mothers who previously received tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis vaccine at 27-36 weeks of gestation. Anti-measles, -mumps, and -rubella virus IgG levels were measured at birth (cord blood) and the ages of 2 and 7 months (before the first MMR vaccination); 18 and 24 months (9 and 15 months, respectively, after the first dose); and 36 months (6 months after the second dose) using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. RESULTS: At 7 months of age, 96.2%, 99.6%, and 98.8% of infants had no protection against measles, mumps, and rubella, respectively. Levels of antibody against all three antigens increased significantly after the first but not the second dose. At 6 months after two-dose vaccination, 97.4%, 84.8%, and 78.7% of children remained seroprotected against measles, mumps, and rubella, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Maternally derived antibodies to measles, mumps, and rubella virus disappeared by the age of 7 months in Thai children. Two-dose MMR vaccination at 9 months and 2.5 years of age induced robust immune responses against these viruses. CI - Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. FAU - Wanlapakorn, Nasamon AU - Wanlapakorn N AD - Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Division of Academic Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. FAU - Puenpa, Jiratchaya AU - Puenpa J AD - Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. FAU - Thongmee, Thanunrat AU - Thongmee T AD - Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. FAU - Srimuan, Donchida AU - Srimuan D AD - Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. FAU - Thatsanathorn, Thaksaporn AU - Thatsanathorn T AD - Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. FAU - Vongpunsawad, Sompong AU - Vongpunsawad S AD - Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. FAU - Poovorawan, Yong AU - Poovorawan Y AD - Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Academy of Science, Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok, Thailand. Electronic address: yong.p@chula.ac.th. LA - eng SI - ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT02408926 PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20200421 PL - Netherlands TA - Vaccine JT - Vaccine JID - 8406899 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine) SB - IM MH - Antibodies, Viral/*blood MH - Child MH - Humans MH - *Immunization Schedule MH - Infant MH - Longitudinal Studies MH - *Measles/prevention & control MH - Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine/administration & dosage/*immunology MH - *Mumps/prevention & control MH - *Rubella/prevention & control MH - Thailand MH - Vaccination OTO - NOTNLM OT - *Childhood vaccination OT - *Measles–mumps–rubella (MMR) OT - *Seroprotection OT - *Two-dose vaccine COIS- Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. EDAT- 2020/04/26 06:00 MHDA- 2021/04/14 06:00 CRDT- 2020/04/26 06:00 PHST- 2020/01/13 00:00 [received] PHST- 2020/04/02 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2020/04/04 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2020/04/26 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/04/14 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2020/04/26 06:00 [entrez] AID - S0264-410X(20)30483-7 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.04.013 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Vaccine. 2020 May 19;38(24):4016-4023. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.04.013. Epub 2020 Apr 21. PMID- 33012606 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20210427 LR - 20210427 IS - 1873-2518 (Electronic) IS - 0264-410X (Linking) VI - 38 IP - 46 DP - 2020 Oct 27 TI - Rubella outbreak among workers in three small- and medium-size business establishments associated with imported genotype 1E rubella virus-Shizuoka, Japan, 2015. PG - 7278-7283 LID - S0264-410X(20)31205-6 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.09.045 [doi] AB - On 12 February 2015, a local health department (LHD) in Shizuoka prefecture identified two reported rubella cases in its jurisdiction as employees of the same company. As other employees at the company resided both inside and outside of the health department's jurisdiction, it began collaborating with two additional LHDs and the National Institute of Infectious Diseases to investigate and respond to the outbreak, which subsequently identified cases in two additional companies. We obtained epidemiological, clinical, and outbreak response information from the national epidemiological surveillance of infectious disease system's database, the local health departments, and the associated companies. One specimen for genetic sequencing was collected from each of the three companies. The outbreak included a total of twenty-five cases, with seventeen confirmed and eight probable cases from three companies. Among them, 24 (96%) were male, 22 (88%) were employees of one company (Company X), and none had rubella vaccination history. The median age was 45 years (interquartile range: 40-51). Epidemiological information did not reveal the source of infection nor transmission route. All rubella viruses sequenced from the three specimens were classified into genotype 1E. The nucleotide sequences in the 739 bp-window region were completely identical in two specimens, with only one nucleotide difference in the third specimen. According to phylogenetic analysis, these strains were closely related to the Southeast and East Asian lineage. This rubella outbreak at three companies, ranging in size from small- to medium-size, in Japan occurred among unvaccinated employees aged at least 30 years, most of whom were male. Virologic analyses suggest all cases were infected with the same viral strain imported from Southeast Asia. Similar to these companies, most employees at small- and medium-size businesses in Japan are males with no vaccination history for rubella, which poses a serious risk for associated cases of congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). CI - Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. FAU - Kato, Hirofumi AU - Kato H AD - Field Epidemiology Training Program (FETP), National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan; Division of Global Infectious Diseases, Department of Infection and Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Japan; Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan. FAU - Kamiya, Hajime AU - Kamiya H AD - Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan. Electronic address: hakamiya@niid.go.jp. FAU - Mori, Yoshio AU - Mori Y AD - Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan. FAU - Yahata, Yuichiro AU - Yahata Y AD - Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan. FAU - Morino, Saeko AU - Morino S AD - Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan. FAU - Griffith, Matt AU - Griffith M AD - Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan. FAU - Ikegaya, Asaka AU - Ikegaya A AD - Department of Microbiology, Shizuoka Institute of Environment and Hygiene, Japan. FAU - Sahara, Keiji AU - Sahara K AD - Department of Microbiology, Shizuoka Institute of Environment and Hygiene, Japan. FAU - Furuta, Toshihiko AU - Furuta T AD - Hamamatsu City Health Environment Research Center, Japan. FAU - Okuno, Hideo AU - Okuno H AD - Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan. FAU - Fukusumi, Munehisa AU - Fukusumi M AD - Field Epidemiology Training Program (FETP), National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan; Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan. FAU - Sunagawa, Tomimasa AU - Sunagawa T AD - Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan. FAU - Tanaka-Taya, Keiko AU - Tanaka-Taya K AD - Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan. FAU - Matsui, Tamano AU - Matsui T AD - Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan. FAU - Oishi, Kazunori AU - Oishi K AD - Division of Global Infectious Diseases, Department of Infection and Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Japan; Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan; Toyama Institute of Health, Japan. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20201002 PL - Netherlands TA - Vaccine JT - Vaccine JID - 8406899 SB - IM MH - Disease Outbreaks MH - Female MH - Genotype MH - Humans MH - Japan/epidemiology MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Phylogeny MH - *Rubella/epidemiology MH - *Rubella virus/genetics OTO - NOTNLM OT - *Genotypes OT - *Imported OT - *Japan OT - *Outbreak OT - *Rubella COIS- Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. EDAT- 2020/10/06 06:00 MHDA- 2021/04/28 06:00 CRDT- 2020/10/05 05:34 PHST- 2020/05/25 00:00 [received] PHST- 2020/08/25 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2020/09/15 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2020/10/06 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/04/28 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2020/10/05 05:34 [entrez] AID - S0264-410X(20)31205-6 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.09.045 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Vaccine. 2020 Oct 27;38(46):7278-7283. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.09.045. Epub 2020 Oct 2. PMID- 21994324 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20120307 LR - 20211020 IS - 1465-2099 (Electronic) IS - 0022-1317 (Print) IS - 0022-1317 (Linking) VI - 93 IP - Pt 2 DP - 2012 Feb TI - Analysis of subcellular G3BP redistribution during rubella virus infection. PG - 267-274 LID - 10.1099/vir.0.036780-0 [doi] AB - Rubella virus (RUBV) replicates slowly and to low titre in vertebrate cultured cells, with minimal cytopathology. To determine whether a cellular stress response is induced during such an infection, the formation of Ras-GAP-SH3 domain-binding protein (G3BP)-containing stress granules (SGs) in RUBV-infected cells was examined. Late in infection, accumulation of G3BP granules was detected, albeit in fewer than half of infected cells. Active virus RNA replication was required for induction of these granules, but they were found to differ from SGs induced by arsenite treatment both in composition (they did not uniformly contain other SG proteins, such as PABP and TIA-1) and in resistance to cycloheximide treatment. Thus, bona fide SGs do not appear to be induced during RUBV infection. The distribution of G3BP, either on its own or in granules, did not overlap with that of dsRNA-containing replication complexes, indicating that it played no role in virus RNA synthesis. However, G3BP did co-localize with viral ssRNAs in perinuclear clusters, suggesting an interaction that could possibly be important in a post-replicative role in virus replication, such as encapsidation. FAU - Matthews, Jason D AU - Matthews JD AD - Georgia State University, Department of Biology, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA. FAU - Frey, Teryl K AU - Frey TK AD - Georgia State University, Department of Biology, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA. LA - eng GR - R01 AI021389/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States GR - AI21389/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural DEP - 20111012 TA - J Gen Virol JT - The Journal of general virology JID - 0077340 RN - 0 (Carrier Proteins) RN - 0 (Poly-ADP-Ribose Binding Proteins) RN - 0 (RNA Recognition Motif Proteins) RN - 0 (RNA, Viral) RN - EC 3.6.4.- (DNA Helicases) RN - EC 3.6.4.12 (G3BP1 protein, human) RN - EC 3.6.4.13 (RNA Helicases) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Carrier Proteins/*analysis MH - Chlorocebus aethiops MH - DNA Helicases MH - Poly-ADP-Ribose Binding Proteins MH - RNA Helicases MH - RNA Recognition Motif Proteins MH - RNA, Viral/biosynthesis MH - Rubella virus/*physiology MH - Vero Cells MH - *Virus Replication PMC - PMC3352340 EDAT- 2011/10/14 06:00 MHDA- 2012/03/08 06:00 CRDT- 2011/10/14 06:00 PHST- 2011/10/14 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2011/10/14 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2012/03/08 06:00 [medline] AID - 036780 [pii] AID - 10.1099/vir.0.036780-0 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Gen Virol. 2012 Feb;93(Pt 2):267-274. doi: 10.1099/vir.0.036780-0. Epub 2011 Oct 12. PMID- 30771336 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20200124 LR - 20200124 IS - 1879-1891 (Electronic) IS - 0002-9394 (Linking) VI - 202 DP - 2019 Jun TI - Clinical Manifestations, Prognosis, and Vaccination Status of Patients With Rubella Virus-Associated Uveitis. PG - 37-46 LID - S0002-9394(19)30053-4 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.ajo.2019.02.002 [doi] AB - PURPOSE: To assess the clinical and laboratory manifestations and vaccination status of uveitis patients positive for rubella virus (RV) in aqueous humor and investigate its relationship to Fuchs uveitis syndrome (FUS). METHODS: Retrospective study of all uveitis patients, positive for RV in aqueous humor analysis (polymerase chain reaction [PCR] and/or Goldmann-Witmer coefficient [GWC]) between January 2010 and October 2016 at the ophthalmology departments in the Erasmus Medical Center (Rotterdam) and University Medical Center Utrecht. Outcomes of aqueous analyses of FUS patients during this period were assessed. RESULTS: We included 127 patients (144 eyes) positive for RV in aqueous fluid: 23 (20%) by PCR, 120 (97%) by GWC, and 16 (13%) by both. The average age at first presentation was 37 years. Patients typically complained of blurred vision and exhibited a combination of unilateral anterior uveitis, keratic precipitates, vitritis, and absence of posterior synechiae, but the classical FUS was observed in a minority. The main cause of untreatable visual loss was glaucoma. Cystoid macular edema (CME) before intraocular surgery was not encountered. None of the unilateral cases developed involvement of the other eye. None of the patients was vaccinated against RV. All FUS patients, except 2 (5%), were positive for RV. CONCLUSION: RV-associated uveitis and FUS are not exchangeable. Chronic anterior uveitis, vitritis, early development of cataract, and the absence of posterior synechiae and CME characterize RV-associated uveitis. Almost all FUS cases had documented intraocular RV infection, but only some of the patients with RV-associated uveitis presented with FUS. CI - Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. FAU - Groen-Hakan, Fahriye AU - Groen-Hakan F AD - Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: f.groen@erasmusmc.nl. FAU - van de Laar, Suzanne AU - van de Laar S AD - Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. FAU - van der Eijk-Baltissen, Annemiek A AU - van der Eijk-Baltissen AA AD - Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. FAU - Ten Dam-van Loon, Ninette AU - Ten Dam-van Loon N AD - Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. FAU - de Boer, Joke AU - de Boer J AD - Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. FAU - Rothova, Aniki AU - Rothova A AD - Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20190213 PL - United States TA - Am J Ophthalmol JT - American journal of ophthalmology JID - 0370500 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Rubella Vaccine) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Antibodies, Viral/analysis MH - Aqueous Humor/virology MH - Eye Infections, Viral/*diagnosis/prevention & control/virology MH - Female MH - Follow-Up Studies MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Prognosis MH - Retrospective Studies MH - Rubella/*immunology MH - Rubella Vaccine/*pharmacology MH - Uveitis/*diagnosis/prevention & control/virology MH - Vaccination/*methods EDAT- 2019/02/17 06:00 MHDA- 2020/01/25 06:00 CRDT- 2019/02/17 06:00 PHST- 2018/04/03 00:00 [received] PHST- 2019/02/04 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2019/02/06 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2019/02/17 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/01/25 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2019/02/17 06:00 [entrez] AID - S0002-9394(19)30053-4 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.ajo.2019.02.002 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Am J Ophthalmol. 2019 Jun;202:37-46. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2019.02.002. Epub 2019 Feb 13. PMID- 20655079 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20100914 LR - 20211020 IS - 1096-0341 (Electronic) IS - 0042-6822 (Print) IS - 0042-6822 (Linking) VI - 405 IP - 2 DP - 2010 Sep 30 TI - Three-dimensional structure of Rubella virus factories. PG - 579-91 LID - 10.1016/j.virol.2010.06.043 [doi] AB - Viral factories are complex structures in the infected cell where viruses compartmentalize their life cycle. Rubella virus (RUBV) assembles factories by recruitment of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), mitochondria and Golgi around modified lysosomes known as cytopathic vacuoles or CPVs. These organelles contain active replication complexes that transfer replicated RNA to assembly sites in Golgi membranes. We have studied the structure of RUBV factory in three dimensions by electron tomography and freeze-fracture. CPVs contain stacked membranes, rigid sheets, small vesicles and large vacuoles. These membranes are interconnected and in communication with the endocytic pathway since they incorporate endocytosed BSA-gold. RER and CPVs are coupled through protein bridges and closely apposed membranes. Golgi vesicles attach to the CPVs but no tight contacts with mitochondria were detected. Immunogold labelling confirmed that the mitochondrial protein p32 is an abundant component around and inside CPVs where it could play important roles in factory activities. CI - Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. FAU - Fontana, Juan AU - Fontana J AD - Cell Structure Lab, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Darwin, Madrid, Spain. FAU - López-Iglesias, Carmen AU - López-Iglesias C FAU - Tzeng, Wen-Ping AU - Tzeng WP FAU - Frey, Teryl K AU - Frey TK FAU - Fernández, José J AU - Fernández JJ FAU - Risco, Cristina AU - Risco C LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20100723 TA - Virology JT - Virology JID - 0110674 SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Cell Line MH - Cricetinae MH - Electron Microscope Tomography MH - Endoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism/ultrastructure/virology MH - Freeze Fracturing MH - Golgi Apparatus/metabolism/ultrastructure/virology MH - Imaging, Three-Dimensional/*methods MH - Mitochondria/metabolism/ultrastructure/virology MH - *Organelles/metabolism/ultrastructure/virology MH - Rubella virus/*metabolism MH - *Vacuoles/metabolism/ultrastructure/virology MH - *Virus Assembly MH - *Virus Replication PMC - PMC7111912 EDAT- 2010/07/27 06:00 MHDA- 2010/09/16 06:00 CRDT- 2010/07/27 06:00 PHST- 2010/05/07 00:00 [received] PHST- 2010/06/07 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2010/06/24 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2010/07/27 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2010/07/27 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2010/09/16 06:00 [medline] AID - S0042-6822(10)00433-2 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.virol.2010.06.043 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Virology. 2010 Sep 30;405(2):579-91. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2010.06.043. Epub 2010 Jul 23. PMID- 20029797 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20100303 LR - 20181201 IS - 1096-9071 (Electronic) IS - 0146-6615 (Linking) VI - 82 IP - 2 DP - 2010 Feb TI - Determination of rubella virus-specific cell-mediated immunity using IFN gamma-ELISpot. PG - 335-40 LID - 10.1002/jmv.21621 [doi] AB - Immunity to rubella virus (RV) is conventionally determined by measuring specific immunoglobulin G (IgG). However, several individuals may be considered immune despite undetectable antibody levels. In the present study RV-specific interferon-gamma (IFN gamma)-ELISpot and rubella-IgG-ELISA were compared in 75 young adults aged between 20 and 30 years. In a subgroup, not only rubella-like particles (RLP), but also HPV77 rubella vaccine derived antigen was used in IFN gamma-ELISpot. The results from both, ELISA and ELISpot were independent of previous encounter to RV (vaccination, exanthematous disease, or childhood infection). There was no difference between RLP and RV vaccine antigen in IFN gamma-ELISpot response, and there was no correlation between IFN gamma-ELISpot and RV-specific IgG levels. IFN gamma-producing cells were found in 78.7% of all tested persons, and 83.8% of them were positive in ELISA. In almost all individuals seronegative for RV antibody, IFN gamma-producing cells were detected. Considering both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, a positive RV immune reaction was seen in 98.6%. The results indicate that the IFN gamma-ELISpot can provide valuable additional information in seronegative individuals. CI - (c) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. FAU - Allmendinger, J AU - Allmendinger J AD - Institute of Virology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany. FAU - Paradies, F AU - Paradies F FAU - Kamprad, M AU - Kamprad M FAU - Richter, T AU - Richter T FAU - Pustowoit, B AU - Pustowoit B FAU - Liebert, U G AU - Liebert UG LA - eng PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article PL - United States TA - J Med Virol JT - Journal of medical virology JID - 7705876 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Antigens, Viral) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin G) RN - 0 (Virosomes) RN - 82115-62-6 (Interferon-gamma) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Antibodies, Viral/blood MH - Antigens, Viral MH - Cells, Cultured MH - Female MH - Humans MH - *Immunity, Cellular MH - Immunity, Humoral MH - Immunoassay/*methods MH - Immunoglobulin G/blood MH - Interferon-gamma/*metabolism MH - Leukocytes, Mononuclear/*immunology MH - Male MH - Rubella virus/*immunology MH - Virosomes MH - Young Adult EDAT- 2009/12/24 06:00 MHDA- 2010/03/04 06:00 CRDT- 2009/12/24 06:00 PHST- 2009/12/24 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2009/12/24 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2010/03/04 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.1002/jmv.21621 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Med Virol. 2010 Feb;82(2):335-40. doi: 10.1002/jmv.21621. PMID- 34395782 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20210817 IS - 2331-8325 (Electronic) IS - 2331-8325 (Linking) VI - 8 IP - 16 DP - 2018 Aug 20 TI - Liposome Flotation Assay for Studying Interactions Between Rubella Virus Particles and Lipid Membranes. PG - e2983 LID - 10.21769/BioProtoc.2983 [doi] LID - e2983 AB - Rubella virus (RuV) is an enveloped, positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus that is pathogenic to humans. RuV binds to the target cell via the viral envelope protein E1, but the specific receptor molecules on the target cell are yet to be fully elucidated. Here, we describe a protocol for liposome flotation assay to study direct interactions between RuV particles and lipid membranes in a qualitative manner. Interactions are examined by a Nycodenz density gradient fractionation using UV-inactivated RuV particles and fluorescent-labeled liposomes consisting of pure lipids. Fractionated RuV particles are detected using standard sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) followed by Western blot analysis for viral proteins. On the Nycodenz gradient, RuV particles bound to liposomes shift to lower density fractions than unbound RuV particles. Using this protocol, we provide compelling evidence that, at neutral pH in a calcium-dependent manner, RuV particles bind to lipid membranes containing both sphingomyelin (SM) and cholesterol in certain cell types. CI - Copyright © 2018 The Authors; exclusive licensee Bio-protocol LLC. FAU - Saito, Kyoko AU - Saito K AD - Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan. FAU - Otsuki, Noriyuki AU - Otsuki N AD - Department of Virology 3, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan. FAU - Takeda, Makoto AU - Takeda M AD - Department of Virology 3, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan. FAU - Hanada, Kentaro AU - Hanada K AD - Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20180820 TA - Bio Protoc JT - Bio-protocol JID - 101635102 PMC - PMC8328595 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Cholesterol OT - Lipids OT - Liposome flotation assay OT - Liposomes OT - Rubella virus OT - Sphingomyelin OT - Virus particles OT - Virus-Lipid interaction COIS- Competing interestsThe authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. EDAT- 2018/08/20 00:00 MHDA- 2018/08/20 00:01 CRDT- 2021/08/16 06:04 PHST- 2018/06/12 00:00 [received] PHST- 2018/08/05 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2018/08/10 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2021/08/16 06:04 [entrez] PHST- 2018/08/20 00:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2018/08/20 00:01 [medline] AID - 2983 [pii] AID - 10.21769/BioProtoc.2983 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Bio Protoc. 2018 Aug 20;8(16):e2983. doi: 10.21769/BioProtoc.2983. eCollection 2018 Aug 20. PMID- 22072722 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20120419 LR - 20211021 IS - 1556-679X (Electronic) IS - 1556-6811 (Print) IS - 1556-679X (Linking) VI - 19 IP - 1 DP - 2012 Jan TI - Persistence and titer changes of rubella virus antibodies in primiparous women who had been vaccinated with strain RA 27/3 in junior high school. PG - 1-4 LID - 10.1128/CVI.05334-11 [doi] AB - Taiwan's rubella vaccination program was launched in 1986; each schoolgirl in the third grade of junior high school received one dose of rubella (RA 27/3) vaccine. We reviewed the results of 14,090 prenatal rubella tests for primiparas from three areas of Taiwan during 2002 to 2008 to investigate seronegativity rates and titer changes. In all primiparous women, the average rubella virus seronegativity rate was 6.5% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 6.1 to 6.9%), and the average rubella virus antibody titer was 65.9 IU/ml (95% CI, 64.7 to 67.1 IU/ml). There were 1,220 women (8.7%) with weakly positive antibody titers (10 to 20 IU/ml). The rubella virus seronegativity rates, which ranged from 5.4 to 9.7%, did not exhibit a linear trend from 9 to 22 years after vaccination (P = 0.201); in contrast, a significant trend appeared in the average rubella virus IgG titer (P = 0.003), dropping from 69.9 IU/ml in the 9th year after vaccination to 54.8 IU/ml in the 22nd year. The mean annual antibody decay rate was -0.77 IU/ml. This study reveals that the level of rubella virus antibodies declined slowly in women of childbearing age who were vaccinated with RA 27/3 at junior high school age. The number of women who were seronegative or had weakly positive antibody titers was still high (15.2%). Therefore, in countries that implement a single-dose regimen in children or teenagers, it should remain an important policy to encourage voluntary immunization in seronegative women and to immunize all postpartum women who are susceptible to rubella virus infection before they leave the hospital. FAU - Lin, Ching-Chiang AU - Lin CC AD - Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fooyin University Hospital, Pingtung, Taiwan. FAU - Yang, Chun-Yuh AU - Yang CY FAU - Shih, Yung-Luen AU - Shih YL FAU - Huang, Yang-Yang AU - Huang YY FAU - Yang, Tsung-Han AU - Yang TH FAU - Liang, Jin-Yuan AU - Liang JY FAU - Chang, Chu-Fen AU - Chang CF FAU - Hsieh, Hsiu-Shu AU - Hsieh HS FAU - Huang, Yeou-Lih AU - Huang YL LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20111109 TA - Clin Vaccine Immunol JT - Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI JID - 101252125 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin G) RN - 0 (Rubella Vaccine) SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Antibodies, Viral/*blood MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Immunoglobulin G/blood MH - Parity MH - Pregnancy MH - Rubella Vaccine/administration & dosage/*immunology MH - Rubella virus/*immunology MH - Schools MH - Taiwan MH - Time Factors PMC - PMC3255950 EDAT- 2011/11/11 06:00 MHDA- 2012/04/20 06:00 CRDT- 2011/11/11 06:00 PHST- 2011/11/11 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2011/11/11 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2012/04/20 06:00 [medline] AID - CVI.05334-11 [pii] AID - 5334-11 [pii] AID - 10.1128/CVI.05334-11 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2012 Jan;19(1):1-4. doi: 10.1128/CVI.05334-11. Epub 2011 Nov 9. PMID- 33158591 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20201223 LR - 20211126 IS - 1873-2518 (Electronic) IS - 0264-410X (Print) IS - 0264-410X (Linking) VI - 38 IP - 50 DP - 2020 Nov 25 TI - Associations between markers of cellular and humoral immunity to rubella virus following a third dose of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine. PG - 7897-7904 LID - S0264-410X(20)31391-8 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.10.071 [doi] AB - INTRODUCTION: Rubella virus (RV) was eliminated in the United States in 2004, although a small portion of the population fails to develop long-term immunity against RV even after two doses of the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine. We hypothesized that inherent biological differences in cytokine and chemokine signaling likely govern an individual's response to a third dose of the vaccine. METHODS: Healthy young women (n = 97) were selected as study participants if they had either low or high extremes of RV-specific antibody titer after two previous doses of MMR vaccine. We measured cytokine and chemokine secretion from RV-stimulated PBMCs before and 28 days after they received a third dose of MMR vaccine and assessed correlations with humoral immune response outcomes. RESULTS: High and low antibody vaccine responders exhibited a strong pro-inflammatory cellular response, with an underlying Th1-associated signature (IL-2, IFN-γ, MIP-1β, IP-10) and suppressed production of most Th2-associated cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, IL-13). IL-10 and IL-4 exhibited significant negative associations with neutralizing antibody titers and memory B cell ELISpot responses among low vaccine responders. CONCLUSION: IL-4 and IL-10 signaling pathways may be potential targets for understanding and improving the immune response to rubella vaccination or for designing new vaccines that induce more durable immunity. CI - Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. FAU - Crooke, Stephen N AU - Crooke SN AD - Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. FAU - Ovsyannikova, Inna G AU - Ovsyannikova IG AD - Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. FAU - Kennedy, Richard B AU - Kennedy RB AD - Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. FAU - Warner, Nathaniel D AU - Warner ND AD - Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. FAU - Poland, Gregory A AU - Poland GA AD - Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. Electronic address: poland.gregory@mayo.edu. LA - eng GR - R37 AI048793/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural DEP - 20201104 TA - Vaccine JT - Vaccine JID - 8406899 RN - 0 (Chemokines) RN - 0 (Cytokines) RN - 0 (Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Chemokines/immunology/metabolism MH - Cytokines/immunology/metabolism MH - Female MH - Humans MH - *Immunity, Cellular MH - *Immunity, Humoral MH - Immunization Schedule MH - Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology/metabolism MH - Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine/*administration & dosage/*immunology MH - Middle Aged MH - Rubella/*immunology/prevention & control MH - Young Adult PMC - PMC7731962 MID - NIHMS1643812 OTO - NOTNLM OT - *Chemokine OT - *Cytokine OT - *Immunity, Cellular OT - *Immunity, Humoral OT - *Immunity, Innate OT - *MMR OT - *Measles-mumps-rubella OT - *Rubella COIS- Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: [Dr. Poland is the chair of a Safety Evaluation Committee for novel investigational vaccine trials being conducted by Merck Research Laboratories. Dr. Poland offers consultative advice on vaccine development to Merck & Co. Inc., Medicago, Sanofi Pasteur, GlaxoSmithKline, Emergent Biosolutions, Dynavax, Genentech, Eli Lilly and Company, Johnson & Johnson/Janssen Global Services LLC, Kentucky Bioprocessing, AstraZeneca, and Genevant Sciences Inc. Drs. Poland and Ovsyannikova hold three patents related to measles and vaccinia peptide research. Dr. Kennedy holds a patent on vaccinia peptide research. Dr. Kennedy has received funding from Merck Research Laboratories to study waning immunity to measles and mumps after immunization with the MMR-II® vaccine. Drs. Poland, Kennedy, and Ovsyannikova have received grant funding from ICW Ventures for preclinical studies on a peptide-based COVID-19 vaccine. All other authors declare no competing financial interests. This research has been reviewed by the Mayo Clinic Declaration of Competing Interest Review Board and was conducted in compliance with Mayo Clinic Declaration of Competing Interest policies.]. EDAT- 2020/11/08 06:00 MHDA- 2020/12/29 06:00 CRDT- 2020/11/07 05:26 PHST- 2020/06/08 00:00 [received] PHST- 2020/10/02 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2020/10/21 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2020/11/08 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/12/29 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2020/11/07 05:26 [entrez] AID - S0264-410X(20)31391-8 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.10.071 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Vaccine. 2020 Nov 25;38(50):7897-7904. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.10.071. Epub 2020 Nov 4. PMID- 32928004 OWN - NLM STAT- Publisher LR - 20210902 IS - 1476-4954 (Electronic) IS - 1476-4954 (Linking) DP - 2020 Sep 14 TI - Evaluation of selected parameters of immune response to rubella virus, hepatitis B virus and varicella-zoster virus infections in children born to mothers after kidney or liver transplantation. PG - 1-8 LID - 10.1080/14767058.2020.1818219 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: The immune status of children exposed prenatally to immunosuppressants is not fully understood. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A single-center study evaluated possible differences in antibody levels between children prenatally exposed to immunosuppressants born to mothers after hepatic or kidney transplantation (study group) compared to children without prenatal exposure to immunosuppressants (control group). Children from the study and control group were age-matched at the time of the examination and gestational age-matched, so as to obtain similar stages of the vaccination schedule and to enable reliable comparison of the results. The selection of children was made in a 1:1 ratio. The study population, a total of 138 children, was divided according to the age of the children at the time of the study into three age groups: newborns, infants (from 29 days to 1 year) and children aged >1 year. Immunoenzymatic tests were used to analyze the titers of the chickenpox virus (VZV-IgG), rubella (RuV-IgG) and hepatitis B virus (HBV, HBsAb). The studied differences were compared depending on the age group and the immunosuppressive regimen used by the pregnant mother. RESULTS: In neonates born to mothers after liver transplantation, significant differences were found in HBsAb levels (>250 mIU/ml) compared to newborns without prenatal exposure to immunosuppressants taken by pregnant mothers (11/16, 69% vs. 4/14, 29%, respectively; p = .028). A similar difference in the level of HbsAb was no longer noted at later stages of children's lives. In infants, these values were 80% (4/5) vs. 33% (2/6), and in children over 1 year of age 15% (7/48) vs. 12% (6/49), respectively. No other significant differences were noted when compared the distribution of measured parameters of VZV and RuV in both analyzed groups (children of mothers after kidney or liver transplantation chronically treated with immunosuppression and children without prenatal exposure to immunosuppression). CONCLUSIONS: Prenatal exposure to immunosuppressive therapy does not appear to affect VZV, RuV and HBV antibody levels in children of mothers who have had a kidney or liver transplant. Initially elevated HBSAb levels in newborns of mothers after liver transplantation are not observed in later stages of life. FAU - Drozdowska-Szymczak, Agnieszka AU - Drozdowska-Szymczak A AD - Neonatology Ward, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland. FAU - Szpotanska-Sikorska, Monika AU - Szpotanska-Sikorska M AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9051-0319 AD - 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland. FAU - Czaplinska, Natalia AU - Czaplinska N AD - Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland. FAU - Borek-Dzieciol, Beata AU - Borek-Dzieciol B AD - Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland. FAU - Schreiber-Zamora, Joanna AU - Schreiber-Zamora J AD - Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland. FAU - Mazanowska, Natalia AU - Mazanowska N AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6970-5303 AD - 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland. FAU - Pietrzak, Bronislawa AU - Pietrzak B AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9192-3323 AD - 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland. FAU - Wielgos, Mirosław AU - Wielgos M AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2581-3668 AD - 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland. FAU - Kociszewska-Najman, Bozena AU - Kociszewska-Najman B AD - Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20200914 PL - England TA - J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med JT - The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians JID - 101136916 SB - IM OTO - NOTNLM OT - Kidney transplantation OT - antibody levels OT - children of transplanted mothers OT - immunosuppressive therapy OT - liver transplantation OT - prenatal exposure EDAT- 2020/09/16 06:00 MHDA- 2020/09/16 06:00 CRDT- 2020/09/15 05:32 PHST- 2020/09/16 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/09/16 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2020/09/15 05:32 [entrez] AID - 10.1080/14767058.2020.1818219 [doi] PST - aheadofprint SO - J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2020 Sep 14:1-8. doi: 10.1080/14767058.2020.1818219. PMID- 18305028 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20080623 LR - 20211020 IS - 1098-5514 (Electronic) IS - 0022-538X (Print) IS - 0022-538X (Linking) VI - 82 IP - 9 DP - 2008 May TI - Rubella virus capsid protein interacts with poly(a)-binding protein and inhibits translation. PG - 4284-94 LID - 10.1128/JVI.02732-07 [doi] AB - During virus assembly, the capsid proteins of RNA viruses bind to genomic RNA to form nucleocapsids. However, it is now evident that capsid proteins have additional functions that are unrelated to nucleocapsid formation. Specifically, their interactions with cellular proteins may influence signaling pathways or other events that affect virus replication. Here we report that the rubella virus (RV) capsid protein binds to poly(A)-binding protein (PABP), a host cell protein that enhances translational efficiency by circularizing mRNAs. Infection of cells with RV resulted in marked increases in the levels of PABP, much of which colocalized with capsid in the cytoplasm. Mapping studies revealed that capsid binds to the C-terminal half of PABP, which interestingly is the region that interacts with other translation regulators, including PABP-interacting protein 1 (Paip1) and Paip2. The addition of capsid to in vitro translation reaction mixtures inhibited protein synthesis in a dose-dependent manner; however, the capsid block was alleviated by excess PABP, indicating that inhibition of translation occurs through a stoichiometric mechanism. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a viral protein that inhibits protein translation by sequestration of PABP. We hypothesize that capsid-dependent inhibition of translation may facilitate the switch from viral translation to packaging RNA into nucleocapsids. FAU - Ilkow, Carolina S AU - Ilkow CS AD - Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, 5-14 Medical Sciences Building, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada. FAU - Mancinelli, Valeria AU - Mancinelli V FAU - Beatch, Martin D AU - Beatch MD FAU - Hobman, Tom C AU - Hobman TC LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20080227 TA - J Virol JT - Journal of virology JID - 0113724 RN - 0 (Capsid Proteins) RN - 0 (Poly(A)-Binding Proteins) SB - IM MH - Binding Sites MH - Capsid Proteins/*metabolism/pharmacology/*physiology MH - Cell Line MH - Humans MH - Poly(A)-Binding Proteins/*metabolism MH - Protein Binding MH - *Protein Biosynthesis/drug effects MH - Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs MH - Rubella virus/chemistry/*physiology PMC - PMC2293055 EDAT- 2008/02/29 09:00 MHDA- 2008/06/24 09:00 CRDT- 2008/02/29 09:00 PHST- 2008/02/29 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2008/06/24 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2008/02/29 09:00 [entrez] AID - JVI.02732-07 [pii] AID - 2732-07 [pii] AID - 10.1128/JVI.02732-07 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Virol. 2008 May;82(9):4284-94. doi: 10.1128/JVI.02732-07. Epub 2008 Feb 27. PMID- 34698317 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20211029 IS - 2414-6366 (Electronic) IS - 2414-6366 (Linking) VI - 6 IP - 4 DP - 2021 Oct 19 TI - Serological Markers of Viral Infections (Rubella Virus, Human Cytomegalovirus and Arboviruses) among Symptomatic Pregnant Women in Rural and Urban Areas of Mwanza, Tanzania. LID - 10.3390/tropicalmed6040186 [doi] LID - 186 AB - Viral infections have been associated with poor pregnancy outcomes. We investigated the magnitude of rubella virus (RV), dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV) and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) among symptomatic pregnant women in rural and urban areas of Mwanza. A cross-sectional study was conducted between July 2017 and April 2018 in Mwanza. A rapid immunochromatographic test was done to detect ZIKV IgM and IgG as well as DENV IgM and IgG antibodies. A multiplex_RT-PCR was also done to detect the viral RNA genome. Enzyme immunoassays were done to detect RV and HCMV. Out of 171 participants, 1 (0.6%) was found to be seropositive for ZIKV_IgM antibodies, while 5 (2.9%) were ZIKV_IgG seropositive. DENV seropositivity was 9 (5.3%) and 3 (1.8%) for IgM and IgG, respectively, with all being PCR negative. Two participants (1.2%) were RV_IgM seropositive. 100% were HCMV_IgG seropositive and none was HCMV_IgM seropositive. Among 70 women with high HCMV_IgG titters, 10 (14.3%) had a low avidity index, indicating recent infections. Residing in rural areas (p = 0.044) and advanced age (p = 0.024) independently predicted ZIKV/DENV seropositivity. A substantial proportion of pregnant women had markers for viral infections. There is a need for introducing routine screening and monitoring pregnancy outcomes of positive cases to establish the relationship of these viruses and adverse pregnancy outcomes in endemic areas. FAU - Awadh, Najma AU - Awadh N AD - Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza 1464, Tanzania. FAU - Nyawale, Helmut AU - Nyawale H AD - Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza 1464, Tanzania. FAU - Chibwe, Elieza AU - Chibwe E AD - Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza 1464, Tanzania. FAU - Mujuni, Fridolin AU - Mujuni F AD - Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza 1464, Tanzania. FAU - Ollomi, Margareth AU - Ollomi M AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9623-0123 AD - Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza 1464, Tanzania. FAU - Hassan, Karim AU - Hassan K AD - Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza 1464, Tanzania. FAU - Mtebe, Majigo AU - Mtebe M AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3726-2816 AD - Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza 65001, Tanzania. FAU - Matemba, Lucas AU - Matemba L AD - National Institute for Medical Research Headquarters, Dar es Salaam 9653, Tanzania. FAU - Mshana, Stephen E AU - Mshana SE AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7526-6271 AD - Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza 1464, Tanzania. FAU - Mirambo, Mariam M AU - Mirambo MM AD - Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza 1464, Tanzania. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20211019 TA - Trop Med Infect Dis JT - Tropical medicine and infectious disease JID - 101709042 PMC - PMC8544715 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Tanzania OT - Zika virus OT - dengue virus OT - human cytomegalovirus OT - pregnant women OT - rubella virus COIS- The authors declare that they have no competing interests. EDAT- 2021/10/27 06:00 MHDA- 2021/10/27 06:01 CRDT- 2021/10/26 09:31 PHST- 2021/08/17 00:00 [received] PHST- 2021/10/05 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2021/10/06 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2021/10/26 09:31 [entrez] PHST- 2021/10/27 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/10/27 06:01 [medline] AID - tropicalmed6040186 [pii] AID - tropicalmed-06-00186 [pii] AID - 10.3390/tropicalmed6040186 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Trop Med Infect Dis. 2021 Oct 19;6(4):186. doi: 10.3390/tropicalmed6040186. PMID- 30711798 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20200217 LR - 20200217 IS - 1873-5967 (Electronic) IS - 1386-6532 (Linking) VI - 112 DP - 2019 Mar TI - Determination of rubella virus-specific humoral and cell-mediated immunity in pregnant women with negative or equivocal rubella-specific IgG in routine screening. PG - 27-33 LID - S1386-6532(19)30020-4 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.jcv.2019.01.009 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Immunity to rubella-virus (RV) is commonly determined by measuring specific IgG (RV-IgG). However, RV-IgG results may be different and even discordant, depending on the assay used. Cell-mediated immunity is not routinely investigated for diagnostic purposes. OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to investigate humoral and cellular immunity of women with negative or equivocal RV-IgG before, and after post-partum vaccination. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 186 pregnant women were included in the study. During pregnancy, humoral immunity was investigated with two RV-IgG immunoassays, an immunoblot and a T-cell mediated immunity test. In the post-partum vaccination period, measuring RV-IgM and RV-IgG avidity allowed us to determine whether women raised a primary or a secondary immune response. RESULTS: Before vaccination, 52.2% women, supposed to be susceptible, had positive anti-E1 RV-IgG indicating strong evidence of previous exposure to RV. All (100%) pregant women who had a positive immunoblot before immunization raised a secondary immune response to vaccination, and 96.8% who had a negative immunoblot before immunization, raised a primary immune response to vaccination. All women who raised a primary immune response after vaccination had negative anti-E1 RV-IgG and negative cell-mediated immunity. DISCUSSION: These results indicate that individuals can have evidence of protective immunity against rubella despite negative RV-IgG. CI - Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier B.V. FAU - Picone, O AU - Picone O AD - Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hôpital Foch, 92120 Suresnes, France; Risk in Pregnancy University Department, IAME, INSERM, Université Paris-Diderot, 75013 Paris, France; Groupe de Recherche sur les Infections pendant la Grossesse (GRIG), France. FAU - Bouthry, E AU - Bouthry E AD - Groupe de Recherche sur les Infections pendant la Grossesse (GRIG), France; AP-HP, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Department of Virology, WHO Rubella NRL, 94804 Villejuif, France. FAU - Bejaoui-Olhmann, Y AU - Bejaoui-Olhmann Y AD - AP-HP, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Department of Virology, WHO Rubella NRL, 94804 Villejuif, France. FAU - Cordier, A G AU - Cordier AG AD - Groupe de Recherche sur les Infections pendant la Grossesse (GRIG), France; AP-HP, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Univ Paris-Sud, 92140 Clamart, France. FAU - Nedellec, S AU - Nedellec S AD - AP-HP, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Univ Paris-Sud, 92140 Clamart, France. FAU - Letourneau, A AU - Letourneau A AD - AP-HP, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Univ Paris-Sud, 92140 Clamart, France. FAU - Carbonel, M AU - Carbonel M AD - Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hôpital Foch, 92120 Suresnes, France; EA2493, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 78180 Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France. FAU - Brollo, M AU - Brollo M AD - Hôpital Foch, DRCI-Clinical Research Unit, 92120 Suresnes, France. FAU - Grangeot-Keros, L AU - Grangeot-Keros L AD - Groupe de Recherche sur les Infections pendant la Grossesse (GRIG), France; AP-HP, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Department of Virology, WHO Rubella NRL, 94804 Villejuif, France. FAU - Ayoubi, J M AU - Ayoubi JM AD - Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hôpital Foch, 92120 Suresnes, France; EA2493, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 78180 Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France. FAU - Benachi, A AU - Benachi A AD - AP-HP, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Univ Paris-Sud, 92140 Clamart, France. FAU - Rouge, E AU - Rouge E AD - Hôpital Foch, DRCI-Clinical Research Unit, 92120 Suresnes, France. FAU - Vauloup-Fellous, C AU - Vauloup-Fellous C AD - Groupe de Recherche sur les Infections pendant la Grossesse (GRIG), France; AP-HP, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Department of Virology, WHO Rubella NRL, 94804 Villejuif, France; Univ Paris-Sud, INSERM U1193, Villejuif, 94804 France. Electronic address: christelle.vauloup@aphp.fr. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20190124 PL - Netherlands TA - J Clin Virol JT - Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology JID - 9815671 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (rubella antibodies) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Antibodies, Viral/*blood MH - Antibody Affinity MH - Female MH - Humans MH - *Immunity, Cellular MH - *Immunity, Humoral MH - Immunoassay MH - *Mass Screening MH - Pregnancy MH - Rubella/*immunology/*prevention & control MH - Rubella virus/immunology MH - Vaccination/statistics & numerical data OTO - NOTNLM OT - *Immune response OT - *Immunity OT - *Post-partum vaccination OT - *Pregnancy-screening OT - *rubella virus EDAT- 2019/02/04 06:00 MHDA- 2020/02/18 06:00 CRDT- 2019/02/04 06:00 PHST- 2018/07/09 00:00 [received] PHST- 2019/01/19 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2019/01/23 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2019/02/04 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/02/18 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2019/02/04 06:00 [entrez] AID - S1386-6532(19)30020-4 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.jcv.2019.01.009 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Clin Virol. 2019 Mar;112:27-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2019.01.009. Epub 2019 Jan 24. PMID- 11884543 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20020419 LR - 20191210 IS - 0022-538X (Print) IS - 1098-5514 (Electronic) IS - 0022-538X (Linking) VI - 76 IP - 7 DP - 2002 Apr TI - Mapping the rubella virus subgenomic promoter. PG - 3189-201 AB - Rubella virus (RUB), the sole member of the Rubivirus genus in the Togaviridae family of positive-strand RNA viruses, synthesizes a single subgenomic (SG) RNA containing sequences from the 3' end of the genomic RNA including the open reading frame (ORF) that encodes the virion proteins. The synthesis of SG RNA is initiated internally on a negative-strand, genome-length template at a site known as the SG promoter (SGP). Mapping the RUB SGP was initiated by using an infectious cDNA vector, dsRobo402/GFP, in which the region containing the SGP was duplicated (K. V. Pugachev, W.-P. Tzeng, and T. K. Frey, J. Virol. 74:10811-10815, 2000). In dsRobo402/GFP, the 5'-proximal nonstructural protein ORF (NS-ORF) is followed by the first SGP (SGP-1), the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene, the second SGP (SGP-2), and the structural protein ORF. The duplicated SGP, SGP-2, contained nucleotides (nt) -175 to +76 relative to the SG start site, including the 3' 127 nt of the NS-ORF and 47 nt between the NS-ORF and the SG start site. 5' Deletions of SGP-2 to nt -40 (9 nt beyond the 3' end of the NS-ORF) resulted in a wild-type (wt) phenotype in terms of virus replication and RNA synthesis. Deletions beyond this point impaired viability; however, the analysis was complicated by homologous recombination between SGP-1 and SGP-2 that resulted in deletion of the GFP gene and resurrection of viable virus with one SGP. Since the NS-ORF region was not necessary for SGP activity, subsequent mapping was done by using both replicon vectors, RUBrep/GFP and RUBrep/CAT, in which the SP-ORF is replaced with the reporter GFP and chloramphenical acetyltransferase genes, respectively, and the wt infectious clone, Robo402. In the replicon vectors, 5' deletions to nt -26 resulted in the synthesis of SG RNA. In the infectious clone, deletions through nt -28 gave rise to viable virus. A series of short internal deletions confirmed that the region between nt -28 and the SG start site was essential for viability and showed that the repeated UCA triplet at the 5' end of SG RNA was also required. Thus, the minimal SGP maps from nt -26 through the SG start site and appears to extend to at least nt +6, although a larger region is required for the generation of virus with a wt phenotype. Interestingly, while the positioning of the RUB SGP immediately adjacent the SG start site is thus similar to that of members of the genus Alphavirus, the other genus in the Togaviridae family, it does not include a region of nucleotide sequence homology with the alphavirus SGP that is located between nt -48 and nt -23 with respect to the SG start site in the RUB genome. FAU - Tzeng, Wen-Pin AU - Tzeng WP AD - Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA. FAU - Frey, Teryl K AU - Frey TK LA - eng GR - R01 AI021389/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States GR - AI-21389/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. TA - J Virol JT - Journal of virology JID - 0113724 RN - 0 (RNA, Viral) RN - 0 (Viral Nonstructural Proteins) RN - 0 (Viral Structural Proteins) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Base Sequence MH - Chlorocebus aethiops MH - Gene Deletion MH - Genes, Reporter MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - Mutation MH - Nucleotide Mapping MH - Open Reading Frames MH - *Promoter Regions, Genetic MH - RNA, Viral/*genetics/metabolism MH - Recombination, Genetic MH - Rubella virus/*genetics MH - Transcription, Genetic MH - Vero Cells MH - Viral Nonstructural Proteins/genetics MH - Viral Structural Proteins/genetics MH - Virus Replication PMC - PMC136037 EDAT- 2002/03/09 10:00 MHDA- 2002/04/20 10:01 CRDT- 2002/03/09 10:00 PHST- 2002/03/09 10:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2002/04/20 10:01 [medline] PHST- 2002/03/09 10:00 [entrez] AID - 1904 [pii] AID - 10.1128/jvi.76.7.3189-3201.2002 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Virol. 2002 Apr;76(7):3189-201. doi: 10.1128/jvi.76.7.3189-3201.2002. PMID- 19005151 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20090202 LR - 20211020 IS - 1098-660X (Electronic) IS - 0095-1137 (Print) IS - 0095-1137 (Linking) VI - 47 IP - 1 DP - 2009 Jan TI - Confirmation of rubella within 4 days of rash onset: comparison of rubella virus RNA detection in oral fluid with immunoglobulin M detection in serum or oral fluid. PG - 182-8 LID - 10.1128/JCM.01231-08 [doi] AB - Rubella virus infection is typically diagnosed by the identification of rubella virus-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies in serum, but approximately 50% of serum samples from rubella cases collected on the day of rash onset are negative for rubella virus-specific IgM. The ability to detect IgM in sera and oral fluids was compared with the ability to detect rubella virus RNA in oral fluids by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) by using paired samples taken within the first 4 days after rash onset from suspected rubella cases during an outbreak in Perú. Sera were tested for IgM by both indirect and capture enzyme immunoassays (EIAs), and oral fluids were tested for IgM by a capture EIA. Tests for IgM in serum were more sensitive for the confirmation of rubella than the test for IgM in oral fluid during the 4 days after rash onset. RT-PCR confirmed more suspected cases than serum IgM tests on days 1 and 2 after rash onset. The methods confirmed approximately the same number of cases on days 3 and 4 after rash onset. However, a few cases were detected by serum IgM tests but not by RT-PCR even on the day of rash onset. Nine RT-PCR-positive oral fluid specimens were shown to contain rubella virus sequences of genotype 1C. In summary, RT-PCR testing of oral fluid confirmed more rubella cases than IgM testing of either serum or oral fluid samples collected in the first 2 days after rash onset; the maximum number of confirmations of rubella cases was obtained by combining RT-PCR and serology testing. FAU - Abernathy, Emily AU - Abernathy E AD - National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Mail Stop C-22, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. FAU - Cabezas, Cesar AU - Cabezas C FAU - Sun, Hong AU - Sun H FAU - Zheng, Qi AU - Zheng Q FAU - Chen, Min-hsin AU - Chen MH FAU - Castillo-Solorzano, Carlos AU - Castillo-Solorzano C FAU - Ortiz, Ana Cecilia AU - Ortiz AC FAU - Osores, Fernando AU - Osores F FAU - Oliveira, Lucia AU - Oliveira L FAU - Whittembury, Alvaro AU - Whittembury A FAU - Andrus, Jon K AU - Andrus JK FAU - Helfand, Rita F AU - Helfand RF FAU - Icenogle, Joseph AU - Icenogle J LA - eng SI - GENBANK/EU622498 SI - GENBANK/EU622499 SI - GENBANK/EU622500 SI - GENBANK/EU622501 SI - GENBANK/EU622502 SI - GENBANK/EU622503 SI - GENBANK/EU622504 SI - GENBANK/EU622505 SI - GENBANK/EU622506 PT - Comparative Study PT - Evaluation Study PT - Journal Article DEP - 20081112 TA - J Clin Microbiol JT - Journal of clinical microbiology JID - 7505564 RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin M) RN - 0 (RNA, Viral) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - *Disease Outbreaks MH - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Immunoglobulin M/*analysis/*blood MH - Male MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - Mouth/*chemistry/immunology/virology MH - Peru/epidemiology MH - RNA, Viral/*analysis/genetics MH - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction MH - Rubella/*diagnosis/*epidemiology MH - Rubella virus/genetics/immunology MH - Sensitivity and Specificity MH - Sequence Analysis, DNA MH - Serum/*chemistry/immunology/virology MH - Time Factors PMC - PMC2620850 EDAT- 2008/11/14 09:00 MHDA- 2009/02/03 09:00 CRDT- 2008/11/14 09:00 PHST- 2008/11/14 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2009/02/03 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2008/11/14 09:00 [entrez] AID - JCM.01231-08 [pii] AID - 1231-08 [pii] AID - 10.1128/JCM.01231-08 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Clin Microbiol. 2009 Jan;47(1):182-8. doi: 10.1128/JCM.01231-08. Epub 2008 Nov 12. PMID- 29567844 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20180913 LR - 20211204 IS - 2044-6055 (Electronic) IS - 2044-6055 (Linking) VI - 8 IP - 3 DP - 2018 Mar 22 TI - Seroprevalence of antibodies against varicella zoster virus and rubella virus among newly recruited expatriate healthcare workers: a cross-sectional study. PG - e019339 LID - 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019339 [doi] LID - e019339 AB - OBJECTIVES: To assess the state of immunity to varicella zoster virus (VZV) and rubella virus (RV) among newly recruited healthcare workers (HCWs) in Kuwait before they begin work, and to determine whether there are differences in the prevalence of seronegativity according to nationality, gender, age group and occupation group. SETTING: This cross-sectional study involved analysis of blood samples from workers newly recruited to the Kuwaiti healthcare system. PARTICIPANTS: All new non- national HCWs recruited during the study period (n=1540). INTERVENTION: Enzyme-linked immunoassays for VZV-specific and RV-specific IgG were performed. RESULTS: Among HCWs, 81.9% and 93.5% were immune to VZV and RV, respectively. Male seronegativity was higher than that of females for both viruses. Regarding VZV, the majority of seronegative individuals were Indians (23.5%), followed by Somalis (12.5), Filipinos (6.5) and Egyptians (5.4%); the between-group differences were significant for all groups. The age groups 20-30 and 30-40 years were most likely to be seronegative, with prevalences of 18.2% and 18.9%, respectively. VZV seronegativity was most common among nurses (21.1%) and least common among physicians (9.2%), and the difference was significant. In addition, RV seronegativity was most frequent among Somalis (12.5%) and lowest among Indians (5.3%); other nationalities (Egyptian, Filipino and others) ranged between 9.1% and 9.6%. Seronegative individuals were most frequently in the younger age group (<20 years old) (17.5%), followed by the >40 years old group (10.4%). RV seronegativity was highest among nurses (6.9%) and lowest among physicians (5.2%). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of seronegativity is highest among Indians for VZV and Somalis for RV, and HCWs aged 20-40 years for VZV and <20 years for RV. For both viruses, the seronegativity rate was highest for male HCWs, and for nurses compared with other HCWs, with physicians having the lowest prevalence of both viruses. CI - © Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2018. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted. FAU - Shady, Ibrahim AU - Shady I AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5911-5492 AD - Community Medicine and Public Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20180322 TA - BMJ Open JT - BMJ open JID - 101552874 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin G) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Antibodies, Viral/*blood MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - Emigrants and Immigrants MH - Ethnicity MH - Female MH - Health Personnel/*statistics & numerical data MH - Herpesvirus 3, Human MH - Humans MH - Immunoglobulin G/*blood MH - Kuwait/epidemiology MH - Male MH - Rubella/*blood MH - Rubella virus MH - Seroepidemiologic Studies MH - Varicella Zoster Virus Infection/*blood MH - Young Adult PMC - PMC5875672 OTO - NOTNLM OT - *health care workers OT - *rubella virus OT - *seroprevalence OT - *varicella zoster virus COIS- Competing interests: None declared. EDAT- 2018/03/24 06:00 MHDA- 2018/09/14 06:00 CRDT- 2018/03/24 06:00 PHST- 2018/03/24 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2018/03/24 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2018/09/14 06:00 [medline] AID - bmjopen-2017-019339 [pii] AID - 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019339 [doi] PST - epublish SO - BMJ Open. 2018 Mar 22;8(3):e019339. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019339. PMID- 24327091 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20140721 LR - 20140603 IS - 1432-8798 (Electronic) IS - 0304-8608 (Linking) VI - 159 IP - 6 DP - 2014 Jun TI - Rubella virus genotype 1G and echovirus 9 as etiologic agents of exanthematous diseases in Brazil: insights from phylogenetic analysis. PG - 1445-51 LID - 10.1007/s00705-013-1935-9 [doi] AB - The aim of the present study was to identify the rubella virus (RV) and enterovirus (EV) genotypes detected during the Epidemiological Surveillance on Exanthematic Febrile Diseases (VIGIFEX) study and to perform phylogenetic analysis. Ten RV- and four EV-positive oropharyngeal samples isolated from cell culture were subjected to RT-PCR and sequencing. Genotype 1G and echovirus 9 (E-9) was identified in RV- and EV-positive samples, respectively. The RV 1G genotype has been persisting in Brazil since 2000-2001. No evidence of E-9 being involved in exanthematic illness in Brazil has been reported previously. Differential laboratory diagnosis is essential for management of rash and fever disease. FAU - Figueiredo, Cristina Adelaide AU - Figueiredo CA AD - Núcleo de Doenças Respiratórias, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 355, 01246-902, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, figueiredocris@uol.com.br. FAU - Luchs, Adriana AU - Luchs A FAU - Russo, Denise Hage AU - Russo DH FAU - de Cassia Compagnoli Carmona, Rita AU - de Cassia Compagnoli Carmona R FAU - Afonso, Ana Maria Sardinha AU - Afonso AM FAU - de Oliveira, Maria Isabel AU - de Oliveira MI FAU - Curti, Suely Pires AU - Curti SP FAU - de Moraes, José Cassio AU - de Moraes JC FAU - Toscano, Cristiana M AU - Toscano CM FAU - Ciccone, Flavia Helena AU - Ciccone FH FAU - Timenetsky, Maria do Carmo Sampaio Tavares AU - Timenetsky Mdo C LA - eng SI - GENBANK/KC962550 SI - GENBANK/KC962551 SI - GENBANK/KC962552 SI - GENBANK/KC962553 SI - GENBANK/KC962554 SI - GENBANK/KC962555 SI - GENBANK/KC962556 SI - GENBANK/KC962557 SI - GENBANK/KC962558 SI - GENBANK/KC962559 PT - Journal Article DEP - 20131211 PL - Austria TA - Arch Virol JT - Archives of virology JID - 7506870 RN - 0 (RNA, Viral) SB - IM MH - Brazil/epidemiology MH - Cluster Analysis MH - Echovirus 9/classification/genetics/*isolation & purification MH - Echovirus Infections/*epidemiology/virology MH - Genotype MH - Molecular Epidemiology MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - Oropharynx/virology MH - Phylogeny MH - RNA, Viral/genetics MH - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction MH - Rubella/*epidemiology/virology MH - Rubella virus/classification/genetics/*isolation & purification MH - Sequence Analysis, DNA EDAT- 2013/12/12 06:00 MHDA- 2014/07/22 06:00 CRDT- 2013/12/12 06:00 PHST- 2013/09/14 00:00 [received] PHST- 2013/11/24 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2013/12/12 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2013/12/12 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2014/07/22 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.1007/s00705-013-1935-9 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Arch Virol. 2014 Jun;159(6):1445-51. doi: 10.1007/s00705-013-1935-9. Epub 2013 Dec 11. PMID- 17872530 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20071026 LR - 20201026 IS - 0022-1317 (Print) IS - 0022-1317 (Linking) VI - 88 IP - Pt 10 DP - 2007 Oct TI - Rubella virus-induced superinfection exclusion studied in cells with persisting replicons. PG - 2769-2773 LID - 10.1099/vir.0.83092-0 [doi] AB - For the first time, homologous superinfection exclusion was documented for rubella virus (RUB) by using Vero cells harbouring persisting RUB replicons. Infection with wild-type RUB was reduced by tenfold, whereas Sindbis virus infection was unaffected. Replication following infection with packaged replicons and transfection with replicon transcripts was also restricted in these cells, indicating that restriction occurred after penetration and entry. Translation of such 'supertransfecting' replicon transcripts was not impaired, but no accumulation of supertransfecting replicon RNA could be detected. We tested the hypothesis favoured in the related alphaviruses that superinfection exclusion is mediated by cleavage of the incoming non-structural precursor by the pre-existing non-structural (NS) protease, resulting in an inhibition of minus-strand RNA synthesis. However, cleavage of a precursor translated from a supertransfecting replicon transcript with an NS protease catalytic-site mutation was not detected and the event in the replication cycle at which superinfection exclusion is executed remains to be elucidated. FAU - Claus, Claudia AU - Claus C AD - Institute of Virology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. FAU - Tzeng, Wen-Pin AU - Tzeng WP AD - Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA. FAU - Liebert, Uwe G AU - Liebert UG AD - Institute of Virology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. FAU - Frey, Teryl K AU - Frey TK AD - Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA. LA - eng GR - AI 21389/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PL - England TA - J Gen Virol JT - The Journal of general virology JID - 0077340 RN - 0 (RNA, Viral) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Chlorocebus aethiops MH - Genome, Viral MH - Haplorhini MH - Open Reading Frames MH - RNA, Viral/genetics MH - Replicon/*genetics MH - Rubella/*genetics MH - Rubella virus/genetics/*pathogenicity MH - Superinfection/*virology MH - Transcription, Genetic MH - Transfection MH - Vero Cells MH - Viral Plaque Assay EDAT- 2007/09/18 09:00 MHDA- 2007/10/30 09:00 CRDT- 2007/09/18 09:00 PHST- 2007/09/18 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2007/10/30 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2007/09/18 09:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1099/vir.0.83092-0 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Gen Virol. 2007 Oct;88(Pt 10):2769-2773. doi: 10.1099/vir.0.83092-0. PMID- 22340882 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20140109 LR - 20120220 IS - 0254-6450 (Print) IS - 0254-6450 (Linking) VI - 32 IP - 9 DP - 2011 Sep TI - [Molecular epidemiological study on rubella virus strains isolated in Zhejiang province, China, 2005-2010]. PG - 913-7 AB - OBJECTIVE: To analyze the molecular epidemiological characteristic of rubella virus strains isolated in Zhejiang province from 2005 to 2010, to provide basic data for rubella prevention and control. METHODS: Rubella virus strains were isolated on Vero cells from the suspected patients' specimens collected in Zhejiang province during 2005 to 2010. Partial fragments of the structural gene of Zhejiang rubella strains were amplified, using nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The amplified products were sequences and analyzed. RESULTS: In total, 7 rubella strains were isolated from 52 clinical specimens, of which six were classified as genotype 1E and only one was characterized as genotype 2B. In the phylogenetic tree, the Zhejiang 1E genotype rubella strains were located in the same branches with Hongkong or Hainan isolates respectively, but the Zhejiang 2B genotype strain were located in the same branch with oversea strain BuenosAires. ARG/46.08. Through p-distance analysis, results also showed that the Zhejiang 2B genotype strain was closer to the 2B strains isolated from overseas (0.011) than those strains from other provinces of China (0.023). Compared with Chinese vaccine strain BRD II, the homology on three structural genes was C > E2 > E1, but the homology of deduced amino acid sequence was E1 > C > E2, with corresponding 3, 11 and 23 amino acid mutations. There was only one amino acid on E1 gene with entropy value higher than 0.600, but seven sites on E2 gene with entropy value appeared higher than 0.600 and one with entropy value higher than 1.000. CONCLUSION: Two genotypes of rubella virus had circulated in Zhejiang province during 2005 to 2010. Genotype 1E appeared to be the predominant genotype and 2B being an imported one. Amino acid sequence of E1 gene from Zhejiang rubella strains was comparatively conserved, but E2 gene was hypervariable. Study on rubella virus E2 and C gene should be conducted in the epidemiological surveillance program of rubella. FAU - Feng, Yan AU - Feng Y AD - Department of Lab Science and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical College, China. FAU - Zhong, Shu-ling AU - Zhong SL FAU - Xu, Chang-ping AU - Xu CP FAU - Shi, Wen AU - Shi W FAU - Lu, Yi-yu AU - Lu YY LA - chi PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - China TA - Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi JT - Zhonghua liu xing bing xue za zhi = Zhonghua liuxingbingxue zazhi JID - 8208604 SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Base Sequence MH - Child MH - China/epidemiology MH - Female MH - Genotype MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Molecular Epidemiology MH - Rubella/*epidemiology/virology MH - Rubella virus/classification/*genetics/*isolation & purification MH - Young Adult EDAT- 2012/02/22 06:00 MHDA- 2014/01/10 06:00 CRDT- 2012/02/21 06:00 PHST- 2012/02/21 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2012/02/22 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2014/01/10 06:00 [medline] PST - ppublish SO - Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 2011 Sep;32(9):913-7. PMID- 22113006 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20120403 LR - 20211021 IS - 1465-2099 (Electronic) IS - 0022-1317 (Print) IS - 0022-1317 (Linking) VI - 93 IP - Pt 3 DP - 2012 Mar TI - Rubella virus-like replicon particles: analysis of encapsidation determinants and non-structural roles of capsid protein in early post-entry replication. PG - 516-525 LID - 10.1099/vir.0.038984-0 [doi] AB - Rubella virus (RUBV) contains a plus-strand RNA genome with two ORFs, one encoding the non-structural replicase proteins (NS-ORF) and the second encoding the virion structural proteins (SP-ORF). This study describes development and use of a trans-encapsidation system for the assembly of infectious RUBV-like replicon particles (VRPs) containing RUBV replicons (self replicating genomes with the SP-ORF replaced with a reporter gene). First, this system was used to map signals within the RUBV genome that mediate packaging of viral RNA. Mutations within a proposed packaging signal did not significantly affect relative packaging efficiency. The insertion of various fragments derived from the RUBV genome into Sindbis virus replicons revealed that there are several regions within the RUBV genome capable of enhancing encapsidation of heterologous replicon RNAs. Secondly, the trans-encapsidation system was used to analyse the effect of alterations within the capsid protein (CP) on release of VRPs and subsequent initiation of replication in newly infected cells. Deletion of the N-terminal eight amino acids of the CP reduced VRP titre significantly, which could be partially complemented by native CP provided in trans, indicating that this mutation affected an entry or post-entry event in the replication cycle. To test this hypothesis, the trans-encapsidation system was used to demonstrate the rescue of a lethal deletion within P150, one of the virus replicase proteins, by CP contained within the virus particle. This novel finding substantiated the functional role of CP in early post-entry replication. FAU - Claus, Claudia AU - Claus C AD - Institute of Virology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. FAU - Tzeng, Wen-Pin AU - Tzeng WP AD - Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA. FAU - Liebert, U G AU - Liebert UG AD - Institute of Virology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. FAU - Frey, Teryl K AU - Frey TK AD - Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA. LA - eng GR - R01 AI021389/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States GR - R21 AI073799/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States GR - R21-AI73799/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States GR - R01-AI21389/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20111123 TA - J Gen Virol JT - The Journal of general virology JID - 0077340 RN - 0 (Capsid Proteins) RN - 0 (RNA, Viral) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Capsid Proteins/genetics/*metabolism MH - Cell Line MH - Genetic Complementation Test MH - RNA, Viral/genetics MH - Replicon MH - Rubella virus/*physiology MH - Sequence Deletion MH - Sindbis Virus MH - *Virus Assembly MH - *Virus Replication PMC - PMC3352351 EDAT- 2011/11/25 06:00 MHDA- 2012/04/04 06:00 CRDT- 2011/11/25 06:00 PHST- 2011/11/25 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2011/11/25 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2012/04/04 06:00 [medline] AID - 038984 [pii] AID - 10.1099/vir.0.038984-0 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Gen Virol. 2012 Mar;93(Pt 3):516-525. doi: 10.1099/vir.0.038984-0. Epub 2011 Nov 23. PMID- 10799588 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20000627 LR - 20191210 IS - 0022-538X (Print) IS - 1098-5514 (Electronic) IS - 0022-538X (Linking) VI - 74 IP - 11 DP - 2000 Jun TI - Mutational analysis of the rubella virus nonstructural polyprotein and its cleavage products in virus replication and RNA synthesis. PG - 5133-41 AB - Rubella virus nonstructural proteins, translated from input genomic RNA as a p200 polyprotein and subsequently processed into p150 and p90 by an intrinsic papain-like thiol protease, are responsible for virus replication. To examine the effect of p200 processing on virus replication and to study the roles of nonstructural proteins in viral RNA synthesis, we introduced into a rubella virus infectious cDNA clone a panel of mutations that had variable defective effects on p200 processing. The virus yield and viral RNA synthesis of these mutants were examined. Mutations that completely abolished (C1152S and G1301S) or largely abolished (G1301A) cleavage of p200 resulted in noninfectious virus. Mutations that partially impaired cleavage of p200 (R1299A and G1300A) decreased virus replication. An RNase protection assay revealed that all of the mutants synthesized negative-strand RNA as efficiently as the wild type does but produced lower levels of positive-strand RNA. Our results demonstrated that processing of rubella virus nonstructural protein is crucial for virus replication and that uncleaved p200 could function in negative-strand RNA synthesis, whereas the cleavage products p150 and p90 are required for efficient positive-strand RNA synthesis. FAU - Liang, Y AU - Liang Y AD - Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 4H4. FAU - Gillam, S AU - Gillam S LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't TA - J Virol JT - Journal of virology JID - 0113724 RN - 0 (Polyproteins) RN - 0 (RNA, Viral) RN - 0 (Viral Nonstructural Proteins) RN - EC 3.4.22.2 (Papain) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Cell Line MH - Chlorocebus aethiops MH - Cricetinae MH - Mutagenesis MH - Papain/genetics/*metabolism MH - Polyproteins/genetics/metabolism MH - Protein Processing, Post-Translational MH - RNA, Viral/*biosynthesis MH - Rubella virus/*enzymology/genetics/growth & development MH - Vero Cells MH - Viral Nonstructural Proteins/genetics/*metabolism MH - *Virus Replication PMC - PMC110866 EDAT- 2000/05/09 09:00 MHDA- 2000/07/06 11:00 CRDT- 2000/05/09 09:00 PHST- 2000/05/09 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2000/07/06 11:00 [medline] PHST- 2000/05/09 09:00 [entrez] AID - 1576 [pii] AID - 10.1128/jvi.74.11.5133-5141.2000 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Virol. 2000 Jun;74(11):5133-41. doi: 10.1128/jvi.74.11.5133-5141.2000. PMID- 32914283 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20211012 LR - 20211012 IS - 1573-2592 (Electronic) IS - 0271-9142 (Linking) VI - 40 IP - 8 DP - 2020 Nov TI - DNA Ligase IV Deficiency Identified by Chance Following Vaccine-Derived Rubella Virus Infection. PG - 1187-1190 LID - 10.1007/s10875-020-00831-5 [doi] FAU - Matsumoto, Kazuaki AU - Matsumoto K AD - Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan. FAU - Hoshino, Akihiro AU - Hoshino A AD - Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan. FAU - Nishimura, Akira AU - Nishimura A AD - Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan. FAU - Kato, Tamaki AU - Kato T AD - Department of Pediatrics, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan. FAU - Mori, Yoshio AU - Mori Y AD - Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan. FAU - Shimomura, Masaki AU - Shimomura M AD - Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Shizuoka Children's Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan. FAU - Naito, Chie AU - Naito C AD - Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Shizuoka Children's Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan. FAU - Watanabe, Kenichiro AU - Watanabe K AD - Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shizuoka Children's Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan. FAU - Hamazaki, Minoru AU - Hamazaki M AD - Department of Pathology, Shizuoka Children's Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan. FAU - Mitsuiki, Noriko AU - Mitsuiki N AD - Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan. FAU - Takagi, Masatoshi AU - Takagi M AD - Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan. FAU - Imai, Kohsuke AU - Imai K AD - Department of Community Pediatrics, Perinatal and Maternal Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan. FAU - Nonoyama, Shigeaki AU - Nonoyama S AD - Department of Pediatrics, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan. FAU - Kanegane, Hirokazu AU - Kanegane H AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8696-9378 AD - Department of Child Health and Development, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan. hkanegane.ped@tmd.ac.jp. FAU - Morio, Tomohiro AU - Morio T AD - Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan. LA - eng PT - Letter PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20200910 PL - Netherlands TA - J Clin Immunol JT - Journal of clinical immunology JID - 8102137 RN - 0 (LIG4 protein, human) RN - 0 (Rubella Vaccine) RN - EC 6.5.1.1 (DNA Ligase ATP) SB - IM MH - DNA Ligase ATP/*deficiency MH - *Disease Susceptibility MH - Genetic Predisposition to Disease MH - Humans MH - Incidental Findings MH - Rubella/*diagnosis/*etiology MH - Rubella Vaccine/*adverse effects/immunology MH - Rubella virus/*immunology EDAT- 2020/09/12 06:00 MHDA- 2021/10/13 06:00 CRDT- 2020/09/11 05:47 PHST- 2020/04/29 00:00 [received] PHST- 2020/07/20 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2020/09/12 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/10/13 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2020/09/11 05:47 [entrez] AID - 10.1007/s10875-020-00831-5 [pii] AID - 10.1007/s10875-020-00831-5 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Clin Immunol. 2020 Nov;40(8):1187-1190. doi: 10.1007/s10875-020-00831-5. Epub 2020 Sep 10. PMID- 29300335 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20180920 LR - 20181113 IS - 1999-4915 (Electronic) IS - 1999-4915 (Linking) VI - 10 IP - 1 DP - 2018 Jan 4 TI - Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein-Independent Rubella Infection of Keratinocytes and Resistance of First-Trimester Trophoblast Cells to Rubella Virus In Vitro. LID - 10.3390/v10010023 [doi] LID - 23 AB - Rubella virus (RuV), which belongs to the family Togaviridae and genus Rubivirus, causes systemic infection in children and young adults and congenital rubella syndrome in developing fetuses if the infection occurs during pregnancy. The mechanisms of fetal infection by RuV are not completely understood. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) is reported to be a cellular receptor for RuV; however, it is mainly expressed in the central nervous system. Therefore, it is thought that other receptors are also responsible for virus entry into susceptible cells. In this study, we found that first-trimester trophoblast cells were resistant to RuV. In addition, we showed that HaCaT cells (an immortalized keratinocyte cell line) that did not express MOG on their surface were infected with RuV. This finding is one of the first demonstrations of MOG-independent RuV infection of susceptible host cells and suggests that it is important to continue searching for alternative RuV receptors. In addition, this study reports the resistance of first-trimester trophoblast cells to RuV and suggests that utilizing an epithelial-mesenchymal transition approach to study the mechanisms of transplacental vertical RuV infection. FAU - Trinh, Quang Duy AU - Trinh QD AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5610-1570 AD - Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan. trinh.duyquang@nihon-u.ac.jp. FAU - Pham, Ngan Thi Kim AU - Pham NTK AD - Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan. pham.thikimngan@nihon-u.ac.jp. FAU - Takada, Kazuhide AU - Takada K AD - Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan. rsa15836@nifty.com. FAU - Komine-Aizawa, Shihoko AU - Komine-Aizawa S AD - Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan. aizawa.shihoko@nihon-u.ac.jp. FAU - Hayakawa, Satoshi AU - Hayakawa S AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1022-1443 AD - Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan. hayakawa.satoshi@nihon-u.ac.jp. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20180104 TA - Viruses JT - Viruses JID - 101509722 RN - 0 (Biomarkers) RN - 0 (Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Biomarkers MH - Cell Line MH - Female MH - Gene Expression MH - Humans MH - Keratinocytes/*virology MH - Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein/genetics/*metabolism MH - Pregnancy MH - *Pregnancy Complications, Infectious MH - Pregnancy Trimester, First MH - Rubella/*metabolism/*virology MH - Rubella virus/*physiology MH - Trophoblasts/*virology PMC - PMC5795436 OTO - NOTNLM OT - *first trimester OT - *infection OT - *keratinocytes OT - *receptor OT - *rubella OT - *trophoblasts COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. EDAT- 2018/01/05 06:00 MHDA- 2018/09/21 06:00 CRDT- 2018/01/05 06:00 PHST- 2017/12/08 00:00 [received] PHST- 2017/12/30 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2018/01/03 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2018/01/05 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2018/01/05 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2018/09/21 06:00 [medline] AID - v10010023 [pii] AID - viruses-10-00023 [pii] AID - 10.3390/v10010023 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Viruses. 2018 Jan 4;10(1):23. doi: 10.3390/v10010023. PMID- 21243459 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20110816 LR - 20151119 IS - 0037-9085 (Print) IS - 0037-9085 (Linking) VI - 104 IP - 1 DP - 2011 Feb TI - [Seroprevalence of rubella virus, varicella zoster virus, cytomegalovirus and parvovirus B19 among pregnant women in the Sousse region, Tunisia]. PG - 62-7 LID - 10.1007/s13149-010-0119-z [doi] AB - The aim of the study is to evaluate seroprevalence of rubella virus (RV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), varicella zoster virus (VZV), and parvovirus B19 (PB19) in 404 Tunisian pregnant women, and to determine reliability of maternal past history of eruption. Sociodemographic characteristics, risk factors, and past history of eruption were collected through a questionnaire. Serologic tests were performed using enzyme immunoassays. Risk factors were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. Seroprevalences were 79.7% for rubella, 96.3% for CMV, 80.9% for VZV, and 76.2% for PB19. In multivariate analysis, the number of persons per room (> 2) in the house during childhood was associated with CMV infection (P = 0.004), irregular professional husband's activity was correlated with VZV infection (P = 0.04), and an age of more than 30 years was associated with PB19 infection (P = 0.02). History of rubella, varicella, and PB19 infection was unknown for, respectively, 55.8%, 20%, and 100% of women. False history of rubella and varicella were found for 7.4% and 15% of women, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV) of rubella history were, respectively, 92.6% and 17.2%, and were, respectively, 84.9% and 20.9% for varicella history. Susceptibility to RV, VZV, and PB19 infection remains high in pregnancy in our population. Preventive strategies against congenital rubella must be reinforced. Vaccination against VZV should be considered in seronegative women. Systemic CMV screening is not warranted in our country where high immunity is acquired probably in childhood. Since maternal history of eruption is not reliable, we recommend serologic testing to determine immune status of women. FAU - Hannachi, N AU - Hannachi N AD - Laboratoire de Microbiologie-immunologie, Unité de Recherche « Caractérisation Génomique des Agents Infectieux UR 02SP13 », Avenue Ibn-Jazzar, 4000 Sousse, Tunisie. nhannachi@lycos.com FAU - Marzouk, M AU - Marzouk M FAU - Harrabi, I AU - Harrabi I FAU - Ferjani, A AU - Ferjani A FAU - Ksouri, Z AU - Ksouri Z FAU - Ghannem, H AU - Ghannem H FAU - Khairi, H AU - Khairi H FAU - Hidar, S AU - Hidar S FAU - Boukadida, J AU - Boukadida J LA - fre PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article TT - Séroépidémiologie de la rubéole, de la varicelle et des infections par le cytomégalovirus et le parvovirus B19 chez les femmes enceintes dans la région de Sousse, Tunisie. DEP - 20110117 PL - France TA - Bull Soc Pathol Exot JT - Bulletin de la Societe de pathologie exotique (1990) JID - 9212564 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Antibodies, Viral/*blood MH - Cytomegalovirus/*immunology MH - Cytomegalovirus Infections/*epidemiology MH - Female MH - Herpes Zoster/*epidemiology MH - Herpesvirus 3, Human/*immunology MH - Hospitals, Maternity/statistics & numerical data MH - Hospitals, University/statistics & numerical data MH - Humans MH - Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/prevention & control MH - Parvoviridae Infections/*epidemiology MH - Parvovirus B19, Human/*immunology MH - Predictive Value of Tests MH - Pregnancy MH - Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/*epidemiology/virology MH - Prospective Studies MH - Risk Factors MH - Rubella/*epidemiology MH - Rubella virus/*immunology MH - Seroepidemiologic Studies MH - Socioeconomic Factors MH - Surveys and Questionnaires MH - Young Adult EDAT- 2011/01/19 06:00 MHDA- 2011/08/17 06:00 CRDT- 2011/01/19 06:00 PHST- 2010/06/29 00:00 [received] PHST- 2010/10/12 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2011/01/19 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2011/01/19 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2011/08/17 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.1007/s13149-010-0119-z [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Bull Soc Pathol Exot. 2011 Feb;104(1):62-7. doi: 10.1007/s13149-010-0119-z. Epub 2011 Jan 17. PMID- 11595581 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20020214 LR - 20191105 IS - 1386-6532 (Print) IS - 1386-6532 (Linking) VI - 23 IP - 1-2 DP - 2001 Dec TI - The association of rubella virus in congenital cataract - a hospital-based study in India. PG - 25-9 AB - BACKGROUND: The association of rubella virus (RV) with congenital cataract has been well established. Since the data on association of RV with congenital cataract in India are scanty, a study was done based on virus isolation from lens aspirates in patients undergoing therapeutic lensectomy and serology. OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of the association of rubella virus with congenital cataract. STUDY DESIGN: The lens aspirates collected during the 9-year period (from 1990 to 1998), from 70 children up to 12 years of age with congenital cataract were processed for the isolation of rubella virus by conventional viral isolation culture method using BHK-21 and Vero cell lines. Identification of the virus was confirmed by immunofluorescence using human anti-rubella virus specific hyperimmune serum. Serum samples were collected from 55 out of these 70 children and the presence of antibodies to RV was detected by ELISA test. RESULTS: RV was isolated from lens aspirates in seven (10%) out of the 70 children with congenital cataract. Of the 55 sera tested, 22 had both anti-rubella IgM and IgG antibodies, in 13 only anti-RV IgG antibodies, in seven only IgM antibodies and the rest of the 13 samples did not have detectable levels of rubella antibodies. Among the children who had IgM antibodies, 12 (24.5%) were below the age of 6 months. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded based on virus isolation that 10% of patients with congenital cataract were due to rubella infection and the detection of 24.5% anti-RV IgM antibodies in children below 6 months old shows the possible association of rubella virus with congenital cataract. FAU - Malathi, J AU - Malathi J AD - Microbiology Research Centre, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, 18 College Road, Chennai 600 006, India. FAU - Therese, K L AU - Therese KL FAU - Madhavan, H N AU - Madhavan HN LA - eng PT - Journal Article PL - Netherlands TA - J Clin Virol JT - Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology JID - 9815671 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) SB - IM MH - Antibodies, Viral/blood MH - Cataract/congenital/epidemiology/*virology MH - Child, Preschool MH - Hospitals MH - Humans MH - India/epidemiology MH - Infant MH - Lens, Crystalline/*virology MH - Prevalence MH - Rubella/*complications/congenital/epidemiology MH - Rubella virus/immunology/*isolation & purification EDAT- 2001/10/12 10:00 MHDA- 2002/02/15 10:01 CRDT- 2001/10/12 10:00 PHST- 2001/10/12 10:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2002/02/15 10:01 [medline] PHST- 2001/10/12 10:00 [entrez] AID - S1386-6532(01)00177-9 [pii] AID - 10.1016/s1386-6532(01)00177-9 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Clin Virol. 2001 Dec;23(1-2):25-9. doi: 10.1016/s1386-6532(01)00177-9. PMID- 10973154 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20001113 LR - 20191210 IS - 0034-8910 (Print) IS - 0034-8910 (Linking) VI - 34 IP - 4 DP - 2000 Aug TI - RC-IAL cell line: sensitivity of rubella virus grow. PG - 353-7 AB - OBJECTIVE: The rapid growth of the rubella virus in RC-IAL2 with development of cytopathic effect, in response to rubella virus infection, is described. For purposes of comparison, the rubella virus RA-27/3 strain was titered simultaneously in the RC-IAL, Vero, SIRC and RK13 cell lines. METHODS: Rubella virus RA-27/3 strain are inoculated in the RC-IAL cell line (rabbit Kidney, Institute Adolfo Lutz). Plates containing 1.5x10(5) cells/ml of RC-IAL line were inoculated with 0.1ml s RA-27/3 strain virus containing 1x 10(4)TCID50/0.1ml. A 25% cytopathic effect was observed after 48 hours and 100% after 96 hours. The results obtained were compared to those observed with the SIRC, Vero and RK13 cell lines. Rubella virus was detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: With the results, it was possible to conclude that the RC-IAL cell line is a very good substrate for culturing rubella virus. The cells inoculated with rubella virus were examined by phase contrast microscopy and showed the characteristic rounded, bipolar and multipolar cells. The CPE in RC-IAL was observed in the first 48 hours and the curve of the increased infectivity was practically the same as observed in other cell lines. CONCLUSIONS: These findings are important since this is one the few cell lines described in the literature with a cytopathic effect. So it can be used for antigen preparation and serological testing for the diagnosis of specific rubella antibodies. FAU - Figueiredo, C A AU - Figueiredo CA AD - Serviço de Virologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, SP, Brasil. cristinafigueire@uol.com.br FAU - Oliveira, M I AU - Oliveira MI FAU - Curti, S P AU - Curti SP FAU - Cruz, A S AU - Cruz AS FAU - Moreira, E AU - Moreira E FAU - Afonso, A M AU - Afonso AM FAU - de Salles-Gomes, L F AU - de Salles-Gomes LF LA - eng PT - Journal Article PL - Brazil TA - Rev Saude Publica JT - Revista de saude publica JID - 0135043 RN - 0 (Antigens, Viral) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Antigens, Viral MH - Cell Line/pathology/virology MH - Chlorocebus aethiops MH - Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral/physiology MH - Immunoenzyme Techniques MH - Rabbits MH - Rubella/virology MH - Rubella virus/*growth & development/ultrastructure MH - Sensitivity and Specificity MH - Vero Cells/pathology/virology MH - Virus Cultivation/methods MH - Virus Replication EDAT- 2000/09/06 11:00 MHDA- 2001/02/28 10:01 CRDT- 2000/09/06 11:00 PHST- 2000/09/06 11:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2001/02/28 10:01 [medline] PHST- 2000/09/06 11:00 [entrez] AID - S0034-89102000000400007 [pii] AID - 10.1590/s0034-89102000000400007 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Rev Saude Publica. 2000 Aug;34(4):353-7. doi: 10.1590/s0034-89102000000400007. PMID- 26722143 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE DCOM- 20160407 LR - 20201001 IS - 0253-0716 (Print) IS - 1735-3688 (Electronic) IS - 0253-0716 (Linking) VI - 41 IP - 1 DP - 2016 Jan TI - Estimation of the Cultured Cells' Volume and Surface Area: Application of Stereological Methods on Vero Cells Infected by Rubella Virus. PG - 37-43 AB - BACKGROUND: Morphological changes of the cells infected with rubella virus cannot be observed easily. Estimation of the size of the cultured cells can be a valuable parameter in this condition. This study was conducted to find answers to the following questions: How much time after infection with rubella virus, the volume and surface area of the Vero cells and their nuclei get started to change?How is it possible to apply stereological methods to estimate the volume and surface area of the cultured cells using the invariator, nucleator, and surfactor techniques? METHODS: The cultured Vero cells were infected with rubella virus. The cells of the control and experimental groups were harvested at 2, 4, 8, 24, and 48 hours following the incubation period. The cells were processed and embedded in paraffin. Invariator, nucleator, and surfactor were applied to estimate the size of the Vero cells and their nuclei. RESULTS: The cell volume was decreased by 15-24%, 48 hours after the infection in comparison to the non-infected cells. Besides, the cell surface area was decreased by 13%, 48 hours after the infection. However, no changes were detected in the nuclei. The values of the standard deviation and coefficient of variation of the cells, estimated by invariator, were lower compared to those measured by the nucleator or surfactor. CONCLUSION: In this study, the volume and surface area of the Vero cells were reduced by rubella virus 48 hours after infection. Invariator is a more precise method compared to nucleator or surfactor. FAU - Noorafshan, Ali AU - Noorafshan A AD - Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. FAU - Motamedifar, Mohammad AU - Motamedifar M AD - HIV/AIDS Research Centre (SHARC), Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. FAU - Karbalay-Doust, Saied AU - Karbalay-Doust S AD - Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. LA - eng PT - Journal Article TA - Iran J Med Sci JT - Iranian journal of medical sciences JID - 8104374 PMC - PMC4691268 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Histology OT - Rubella virus OT - Vero cells EDAT- 2016/01/02 06:00 MHDA- 2016/01/02 06:01 CRDT- 2016/01/02 06:00 PHST- 2016/01/02 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2016/01/02 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2016/01/02 06:01 [medline] AID - IJMS-41-37 [pii] PST - ppublish SO - Iran J Med Sci. 2016 Jan;41(1):37-43. PMID- 31166586 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20200609 LR - 20200609 IS - 2168-6084 (Electronic) IS - 2168-6068 (Linking) VI - 155 IP - 7 DP - 2019 Jul 1 TI - Cutaneous Granulomatous Disease With Presence of Rubella Virus in Lesions. PG - 859-861 LID - 10.1001/jamadermatol.2019.0814 [doi] FAU - Dhossche, Julie AU - Dhossche J AD - Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon. FAU - Johnson, Luke AU - Johnson L AD - Department of Dermatology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah. FAU - White, Kevin AU - White K AD - Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon. FAU - Funk, Tracy AU - Funk T AD - Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon. FAU - Leitenberger, Sabra AU - Leitenberger S AD - Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon. FAU - Perelygina, Ludmila AU - Perelygina L AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Viral Diseases, Atlanta, Georgia. FAU - Krol, Alfons AU - Krol A AD - Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon. LA - eng PT - Case Reports PT - Letter PL - United States TA - JAMA Dermatol JT - JAMA dermatology JID - 101589530 RN - 0 (Rubella Vaccine) SB - IM MH - Child MH - Child, Preschool MH - Female MH - Granuloma/*diagnosis/immunology/virology MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Rubella Vaccine/*adverse effects/immunology MH - Rubella virus/*isolation & purification MH - Skin Diseases/*diagnosis/immunology/virology EDAT- 2019/06/06 06:00 MHDA- 2020/06/10 06:00 CRDT- 2019/06/06 06:00 PHST- 2019/06/06 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/06/10 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2019/06/06 06:00 [entrez] AID - 2735253 [pii] AID - 10.1001/jamadermatol.2019.0814 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - JAMA Dermatol. 2019 Jul 1;155(7):859-861. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2019.0814. PMID- 17596370 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20071106 LR - 20191210 IS - 0095-1137 (Print) IS - 1098-660X (Electronic) IS - 0095-1137 (Linking) VI - 45 IP - 9 DP - 2007 Sep TI - Comparison of four methods using throat swabs to confirm rubella virus infection. PG - 2847-52 AB - Laboratory tests are essential for confirming sporadic cases and outbreaks of rubella. Detection of rubella virus is often necessary to confirm rubella cases and to identify specimens to be used to characterize wild-type rubella viruses. The sensitivities of four methods for detecting rubella virus infection using throat swabs, which had been collected in Henan and Anhui provinces in China, were evaluated. The methods used were reverse transcription (RT)-PCR followed by Southern hybridization using RNA extracted directly from clinical specimens, virus growth in tissue culture followed by virus detection by RT-PCR, low-background immunofluorescence in infected tissue culture cells using monoclonal antibodies to the structural proteins of rubella virus, and a replicon-based method of detecting infectious virus. Among these four methods, direct RT-PCR followed by hybridization was the most sensitive method; the replicon-based method was the least difficult to perform. FAU - Zhu, Zhen AU - Zhu Z AD - National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, People's Republic of China. FAU - Xu, Wenbo AU - Xu W FAU - Abernathy, Emily S AU - Abernathy ES FAU - Chen, Min-Hsin AU - Chen MH FAU - Zheng, Qi AU - Zheng Q FAU - Wang, Tongzhan AU - Wang T FAU - Zhang, Zhenying AU - Zhang Z FAU - Li, Congyong AU - Li C FAU - Wang, Changyin AU - Wang C FAU - He, Weikuan AU - He W FAU - Zhou, Shujie AU - Zhou S FAU - Icenogle, Joseph AU - Icenogle J LA - eng PT - Comparative Study PT - Evaluation Study PT - Journal Article DEP - 20070627 TA - J Clin Microbiol JT - Journal of clinical microbiology JID - 7505564 SB - IM MH - China MH - Fluorescent Antibody Technique MH - Humans MH - Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques MH - Nucleic Acid Hybridization MH - Pharynx/*virology MH - Rubella/*diagnosis/*virology MH - Rubella virus/*genetics/isolation & purification MH - Sensitivity and Specificity MH - Virology/*methods MH - Virus Cultivation PMC - PMC2045274 EDAT- 2007/06/29 09:00 MHDA- 2007/11/07 09:00 CRDT- 2007/06/29 09:00 PHST- 2007/06/29 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2007/11/07 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2007/06/29 09:00 [entrez] AID - JCM.00289-07 [pii] AID - 0289-07 [pii] AID - 10.1128/JCM.00289-07 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Clin Microbiol. 2007 Sep;45(9):2847-52. doi: 10.1128/JCM.00289-07. Epub 2007 Jun 27. PMID- 21446169 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20110531 LR - 20200716 IS - 0372-9311 (Print) IS - 0372-9311 (Linking) IP - 1 DP - 2011 Jan-Feb TI - [Monoclonal antibodies to rubella virus glycoprotein E1]. PG - 61-7 AB - AIM: To obtain monoclonal antibodies (MCAs) to glycoprotein E1 of rubella virus, to assess their immunochemical characteristics and ability to use fluorescent MCA for rapid identification of rubella virus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Rubella virus strain C-74 (Moscow), vaccine strains "Orlov" (Saint-Petersburg), Wistar RA 27/3 (USA) as well as strain Judith (Germany) were used. Viral antigens were obtained using diploid cells L-68 and cell lines VNK-21-F and Vero E6. MCAs were produced by conventional method and their isotype was determined: Immunoblotting, immunoenzume assay (IEA), hemagglutination inhibition assay (HIA) and immunofluorescence assay (IFA) were performed. RESULTS: Five monoclonal antibodies--Kh-252.1, Kh-347.2, Kh-183.3, Kh-214.4, Kh-187.5--to antigens of rubella virus strain C-74 were obtained. Isotypes of these antibodies were determined and their reactivity with native and denaturated antigens of other strains ("Orlov", Wistar RA 27/3, Judith) was characterized. IEA showed that all MCAs interacted with rubella virus glycoprotein E1 at high titers ranging from 1/1600 to 1/200,000. Immunoblotting demonstrated that 4 MCAs (Kh-252.1, Kh-347.2, Kh-183.3, Kh-214.4) had aforementioned feature. MCAs inhibited hemagglutinating activity of Judith strain in titer from 1/16 to 1/1024 in HIA. FITC conjugate of MCA Kh-347.2 (most sensitive variant) allowed to detect rubella virus in infected Vero E6 cells after 24 hours since infection, whereas FITC conjugates of 3 MCAs (Kh-183.3, Kh-214.4, Kh-187.5)--after 72 hours since infection. CONCLUSION: Use of FITC conjugates of MCAs is a perspective tool for identification of rubella virus glycoprotein E1 in infected cell cultures and nasopharyngeal swabs. FAU - Nagieva, F G AU - Nagieva FG FAU - Nikulina, V G AU - Nikulina VG FAU - Barkova, E P AU - Barkova EP FAU - Zubkov, A V AU - Zubkov AV FAU - Kuz'mina, N S AU - Kuz'mina NS FAU - Desiatskova, R G AU - Desiatskova RG FAU - Tkachnko, A V AU - Tkachnko AV FAU - Iunasova, T N AU - Iunasova TN LA - rus PT - Journal Article PL - Russia (Federation) TA - Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol JT - Zhurnal mikrobiologii, epidemiologii i immunobiologii JID - 0415217 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived) RN - 0 (Viral Envelope Proteins) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived/chemistry/*immunology MH - Chlorocebus aethiops MH - Humans MH - Mice MH - Mice, Inbred BALB C MH - Rubella/diagnosis/immunology MH - Rubella virus/*immunology MH - Vero Cells MH - Viral Envelope Proteins/*immunology EDAT- 2011/03/31 06:00 MHDA- 2011/06/01 06:00 CRDT- 2011/03/31 06:00 PHST- 2011/03/31 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2011/03/31 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2011/06/01 06:00 [medline] PST - ppublish SO - Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol. 2011 Jan-Feb;(1):61-7. PMID- 25293367 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20150423 LR - 20211021 IS - 1537-6613 (Electronic) IS - 0022-1899 (Print) IS - 0022-1899 (Linking) VI - 211 IP - 6 DP - 2015 Mar 15 TI - Polymorphisms in HLA-DPB1 are associated with differences in rubella virus-specific humoral immunity after vaccination. PG - 898-905 LID - 10.1093/infdis/jiu553 [doi] AB - Vaccination with live attenuated rubella virus induces a strong immune response in most individuals. However, small numbers of subjects never reach or maintain protective antibody levels, and there is a high degree of variability in immune response. We have previously described genetic polymorphisms in HLA and other candidate genes that are associated with interindividual differences in humoral immunity to rubella virus. To expand our previous work, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to discover single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with rubella virus-specific neutralizing antibodies. We identified rs2064479 in the HLA-DPB1 genetic region as being significantly associated with humoral immune response variations after rubella vaccination (P = 8.62 × 10(-8)). All other significant SNPs in this GWAS were located near the HLA-DPB1 gene (P ≤ 1 × 10(-7)). These findings demonstrate that polymorphisms in HLA-DPB1 are strongly associated with interindividual differences in neutralizing antibody levels to rubella vaccination and represent a validation of our previous HLA work. CI - © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com. FAU - Lambert, Nathaniel D AU - Lambert ND AD - Mayo Vaccine Research Group. FAU - Haralambieva, Iana H AU - Haralambieva IH AD - Mayo Vaccine Research Group. FAU - Kennedy, Richard B AU - Kennedy RB AD - Mayo Vaccine Research Group. FAU - Ovsyannikova, Inna G AU - Ovsyannikova IG AD - Mayo Vaccine Research Group. FAU - Pankratz, Vernon Shane AU - Pankratz VS AD - Division of Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. FAU - Poland, Gregory A AU - Poland GA AD - Mayo Vaccine Research Group Program in Translational Immunovirology and Biodefense. LA - eng GR - AI048793/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 AI033144/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States GR - AI033144/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 AI048793/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States GR - R37 AI048793/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural DEP - 20141006 TA - J Infect Dis JT - The Journal of infectious diseases JID - 0413675 RN - 0 (3' Untranslated Regions) RN - 0 (Antibodies, Neutralizing) RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (HLA-DP beta-Chains) RN - 0 (HLA-DPB1 antigen) RN - 0 (Rubella Vaccine) SB - IM MH - 3' Untranslated Regions MH - Adolescent MH - Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood MH - Antibodies, Viral/blood MH - Child MH - Female MH - Genome-Wide Association Study MH - HLA-DP beta-Chains/*genetics MH - Humans MH - Immunity, Humoral MH - Linkage Disequilibrium MH - Male MH - Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide MH - Rubella/immunology/*prevention & control MH - Rubella Vaccine/*immunology MH - Rubella virus/*immunology MH - *Vaccination MH - Young Adult PMC - PMC4351364 OTO - NOTNLM OT - genetic OT - genome-wide association study OT - humoral OT - immunity OT - measles-mumps-rubella vaccine OT - neutralizing antibody OT - polymorphism EDAT- 2014/10/09 06:00 MHDA- 2015/04/24 06:00 CRDT- 2014/10/09 06:00 PHST- 2014/10/09 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2014/10/09 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2015/04/24 06:00 [medline] AID - jiu553 [pii] AID - 10.1093/infdis/jiu553 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Infect Dis. 2015 Mar 15;211(6):898-905. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiu553. Epub 2014 Oct 6. PMID- 24619273 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20141024 LR - 20181023 IS - 1972-2680 (Electronic) IS - 1972-2680 (Linking) VI - 8 IP - 3 DP - 2014 Mar 13 TI - Seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus and rubella virus among pregnant women in KPK province of Pakistan. PG - 389-90 LID - 10.3855/jidc.3854 [doi] FAU - Ali, Shahid AU - Ali S AD - The Biotech Medical Laboratories and Research Center, Islamabad, Pakistan. shahid@gmail.com. FAU - Khan, Faiz Ali AU - Khan FA FAU - Mian, Afsar Ali AU - Mian AA FAU - Afzal, Muhammad Sohail AU - Afzal MS LA - eng PT - Letter DEP - 20140313 PL - Italy TA - J Infect Dev Ctries JT - Journal of infection in developing countries JID - 101305410 SB - IM MH - Coinfection/epidemiology MH - Cytomegalovirus Infections/*epidemiology MH - Female MH - Herpes Simplex/*epidemiology MH - Humans MH - Infant, Newborn MH - Pakistan/epidemiology MH - Pilot Projects MH - Pregnancy MH - Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/*epidemiology MH - Pregnant Women MH - Rubella/*epidemiology MH - Seroepidemiologic Studies EDAT- 2014/03/13 06:00 MHDA- 2014/10/25 06:00 CRDT- 2014/03/13 06:00 PHST- 2013/06/07 00:00 [received] PHST- 2013/09/08 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2014/03/13 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2014/03/13 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2014/10/25 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.3855/jidc.3854 [doi] PST - epublish SO - J Infect Dev Ctries. 2014 Mar 13;8(3):389-90. doi: 10.3855/jidc.3854. PMID- 24006140 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20140602 LR - 20211021 IS - 1556-679X (Electronic) IS - 1556-6811 (Print) IS - 1556-679X (Linking) VI - 20 IP - 11 DP - 2013 Nov TI - Chimeric derivatives of hepatitis B virus core particles carrying major epitopes of the rubella virus E1 glycoprotein. PG - 1719-28 LID - 10.1128/CVI.00533-13 [doi] AB - Three variants of the major rubella virus (RV) E1 protein virus-neutralizing epitope from position 214 to 285 were exposed on the hepatitis B virus (HBV) C-terminally truncated core (HBcΔ) in a virus-like particle (VLP) vector and were produced in Escherichia coli. All three chimeras demonstrated VLPs in bacterial cell lysates, but only HBcΔ-E1(245-285) demonstrated the correct VLP structure after purification. The other chimeras, HBcΔ-E1(214-285) and HBcΔ-E1(214-240), appeared after purification as non-VLP aggregates of 100 to 900 nm in diameter according to dynamic light scattering data. All three variants possessed the intrinsic antigenic activity of RV E1, since they were recognized by natural human anti-RV E1 antibodies and induced an anti-RV E1 response in mice. HBcΔ-E1(214-240) and HBcΔ-E1(245-285) can be regarded as prototypes for a putative RV vaccine because they were able to induce antibodies recognizing natural RV E1 protein in RV diagnostic kits. FAU - Skrastina, Dace AU - Skrastina D AD - Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia. FAU - Petrovskis, Ivars AU - Petrovskis I FAU - Petraityte, Rasa AU - Petraityte R FAU - Sominskaya, Irina AU - Sominskaya I FAU - Ose, Velta AU - Ose V FAU - Lieknina, Ilva AU - Lieknina I FAU - Bogans, Janis AU - Bogans J FAU - Sasnauskas, Kestutis AU - Sasnauskas K FAU - Pumpens, Paul AU - Pumpens P LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20130904 TA - Clin Vaccine Immunol JT - Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI JID - 101252125 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Epitopes) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin G) RN - 0 (Rubella Vaccine) RN - 0 (Vaccines, Synthetic) RN - 0 (Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle) RN - 0 (Viral Envelope Proteins) RN - 131016-01-8 (E1 envelope protein, Rubella virus) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Antibodies, Viral/blood MH - Epitopes/genetics/*immunology MH - Escherichia coli/genetics MH - Female MH - Hepatitis B virus/genetics/*immunology MH - Immunoglobulin G/blood MH - Mice MH - Mice, Inbred BALB C MH - Microscopy, Electron, Transmission MH - Rubella Vaccine/administration & dosage/genetics/*immunology MH - Vaccines, Synthetic MH - Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/administration & dosage/genetics/immunology/*ultrastructure MH - Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics/*immunology PMC - PMC3837786 EDAT- 2013/09/06 06:00 MHDA- 2014/06/03 06:00 CRDT- 2013/09/06 06:00 PHST- 2013/09/06 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2013/09/06 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2014/06/03 06:00 [medline] AID - CVI.00533-13 [pii] AID - 00533-13 [pii] AID - 10.1128/CVI.00533-13 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2013 Nov;20(11):1719-28. doi: 10.1128/CVI.00533-13. Epub 2013 Sep 4. PMID- 15601317 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20050307 LR - 20191210 IS - 0903-4641 (Print) IS - 0903-4641 (Linking) VI - 112 IP - 10 DP - 2004 Oct TI - Rubella virus infection dysregulates the pattern of p63 expression. PG - 656-62 AB - The effect of rubella virus (RV) on the expression of the p63 isoforms was investigated in Vero cells. The levels of all the TAp63 isoforms were elevated, while the expression of a approximately 73 kDa isoform corresponding to DeltaNp63alpha was downregulated in Vero cells infected with the To-336 strain of RV. A approximately 66 kDa isoform corresponding to TAp63beta was the predominant protein species in RV-infected cells. Semi-quantitative end-point dilution RT-PCR analysis, with TAp63beta isoform-specific primers, detected a 4-fold rise in the TAp63beta mRNA level following virus infection. Taken together, our data demonstrate that RV infection alters the stoichiometric ratio of the p63 isoforms. The dysregulated pattern of p63 expression observed in RV-infected cells may represent a mechanism whereby RV exerts its pro-apoptotic effect. FAU - Buzás, Krisztina AU - Buzás K AD - Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary. FAU - Miczák, András AU - Miczák A FAU - Degré, Miklos AU - Degré M FAU - Megyeri, Klára AU - Megyeri K LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - Denmark TA - APMIS JT - APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica JID - 8803400 RN - 0 (Protein Isoforms) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Apoptosis/genetics MH - Chlorocebus aethiops MH - Gene Expression Regulation/*physiology MH - Protein Isoforms/genetics/*metabolism MH - Rubella/genetics/*pathology MH - Rubella virus/*physiology MH - Vero Cells EDAT- 2004/12/17 09:00 MHDA- 2005/03/08 09:00 CRDT- 2004/12/17 09:00 PHST- 2004/12/17 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2005/03/08 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2004/12/17 09:00 [entrez] AID - APMapm1121004 [pii] AID - 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2004.apm1121004.x [doi] PST - ppublish SO - APMIS. 2004 Oct;112(10):656-62. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2004.apm1121004.x. PMID- 14505094 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20031211 LR - 20071114 IS - 0304-8608 (Print) IS - 0304-8608 (Linking) VI - 148 IP - 9 DP - 2003 Sep TI - Characterization of genotype II Rubella virus strains. PG - 1835-50 AB - Two genotypes of Rubella virus have been described that differ by 8-9% at the nucleotide level in the E1 glycoprotein gene. Of these, genotype II (RGII) was only recently reported and in this study two RGII viruses, the BRDII vaccine strain and BR1 wild type strain, were characterized. Monoclonal antibodies against each of the virion proteins (capsid [C], glycoproteins E1 and E2) and polyclonal anti-rubella virus sera reacted similarly with purified virions from the RGII and reference RGI strains on Western gels, with the exception of one anti-E2 Mab, and thus the two genotypes are closely related antigenically. The genomic sequences of two genotype II (RGII) rubella virus strains were determined and compared with the six previously reported RGI sequences. The genomes of these viruses all contained 9762 nts and the lengths of the three untranslated regions (UTRs) and two open reading frames (ORF's) were identical. The overall difference between the RGI and RGII sequences at the nt level was approximately 8% and this difference was maintained across most of the genome. At the amino acid level, the RGI and RGII sequences differed overall by approximately 4%, however this difference was not uniform across the ORF's as the N-terminal third of P150 and the entirety of P90, both replicase proteins, were more conserved (<1% difference) while the C-terminal two thirds of P150 exhibited greater variation ( approximately 8% difference), including a hypervariable region between residues 771-801 within which divergence as great as 20-30% was detected. The parent wt virus of the BRDII vaccine was not available and its sequence was compared with the BR1 sequence to identify potential attenuating mutations. The BRDII and BR1 sequences varied at 252 residues (2.59%), including twelve in the UTRs and thirty coding differences in the ORF's. None of these differences in the BRDII sequence was vaccine-specific when compared with RGI wt and vaccine sequences and, therefore, there appeared to be no common pathway in the generation of live, attenuated rubella vaccines. FAU - Zheng, D-P AU - Zheng DP AD - Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA. FAU - Zhou, Y M AU - Zhou YM FAU - Zhao, K AU - Zhao K FAU - Han, Y-R AU - Han YR FAU - Frey, T K AU - Frey TK LA - eng GR - AI21389/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. PL - Austria TA - Arch Virol JT - Archives of virology JID - 7506870 RN - 0 (3' Untranslated Regions) RN - 0 (5' Untranslated Regions) SB - IM MH - 3' Untranslated Regions/chemistry MH - 5' Untranslated Regions/chemistry MH - Genotype MH - Nucleic Acid Conformation MH - Open Reading Frames MH - Phylogeny MH - Rubella virus/classification/*genetics/physiology MH - Virus Replication EDAT- 2003/09/25 05:00 MHDA- 2003/12/12 05:00 CRDT- 2003/09/25 05:00 PHST- 2003/09/25 05:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2003/12/12 05:00 [medline] PHST- 2003/09/25 05:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1007/s00705-003-0132-7 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Arch Virol. 2003 Sep;148(9):1835-50. doi: 10.1007/s00705-003-0132-7. PMID- 29043768 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20180517 LR - 20181006 IS - 2373-8227 (Electronic) IS - 2373-8227 (Linking) VI - 3 IP - 12 DP - 2017 Dec 8 TI - Infection of iPSC Lines with Miscarriage-Associated Coxsackievirus and Measles Virus and Teratogenic Rubella Virus as a Model for Viral Impairment of Early Human Embryogenesis. PG - 886-897 LID - 10.1021/acsinfecdis.7b00103 [doi] AB - Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines are a promising model for the early phase of human embryonic development. Here, their contribution to the still incompletely understood pathogenesis of congenital virus infections was evaluated. The infection of iPSC lines with miscarriage-associated coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) and measles virus (MV) was compared to the efficient teratogen rubella virus (RV). While CVB3 and MV were found to be cytopathogenic on iPSC lines, RV replicated without impairment of iPSC colony morphology and integrity. This so far outstanding course of infection enabled maintenance of RV-infected iPSC cultures over several passages and their subsequent differentiation to ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm. A modification of the metabolic profile of infected iPSC lines was the only common aspect for all three viruses. This study points toward two important aspects. First, iPSC lines represent a suitable cell culture model for early embryonic virus infection. Second, metabolic activity represents an important means for evaluation of pathogen-associated alterations in iPSC lines. FAU - Hübner, Denise AU - Hübner D AD - Institute of Virology, University of Leipzig , Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. FAU - Jahn, Kristin AU - Jahn K AD - Institute of Virology and Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Leipzig , Talstrasse 33, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. FAU - Pinkert, Sandra AU - Pinkert S AD - Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin , Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Germany. FAU - Böhnke, Janik AU - Böhnke J AD - Institute of Virology and Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Leipzig , Talstrasse 33, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. FAU - Jung, Matthias AU - Jung M AD - Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle , Julius-Kühn-Str. 7, 06112 Halle, Germany. FAU - Fechner, Henry AU - Fechner H AD - Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin , Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Germany. FAU - Rujescu, Dan AU - Rujescu D AD - Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle , Julius-Kühn-Str. 7, 06112 Halle, Germany. FAU - Liebert, Uwe Gerd AU - Liebert UG AD - Institute of Virology, University of Leipzig , Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. FAU - Claus, Claudia AU - Claus C AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4962-6568 AD - Institute of Virology, University of Leipzig , Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20171026 PL - United States TA - ACS Infect Dis JT - ACS infectious diseases JID - 101654580 RN - EC 3.4.22.- (Caspases) SB - IM MH - Abortion, Spontaneous/*etiology MH - Animals MH - Caspases/physiology MH - Cell Differentiation MH - Cell Survival MH - Cells, Cultured MH - *Embryonic Development MH - Enterovirus B, Human/*pathogenicity MH - Humans MH - Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/physiology/*virology MH - Measles virus/*pathogenicity MH - Rubella virus/*pathogenicity MH - *Teratogenesis MH - Virus Replication OTO - NOTNLM OT - *coxsackievirus OT - *in vitro model for embryogenesis OT - *induced pluripotent stem cells OT - *measles virus OT - *rubella virus EDAT- 2017/10/19 06:00 MHDA- 2018/05/18 06:00 CRDT- 2017/10/19 06:00 PHST- 2017/10/19 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2018/05/18 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2017/10/19 06:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1021/acsinfecdis.7b00103 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - ACS Infect Dis. 2017 Dec 8;3(12):886-897. doi: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.7b00103. Epub 2017 Oct 26. PMID- 24520763 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20140401 LR - 20161021 IS - 1000-8721 (Print) IS - 1000-8721 (Linking) VI - 29 IP - 6 DP - 2013 Nov TI - [Genetic characterization analysis on epidemic rubella virus strains isolated in Liaoning from 2007 to 2012]. PG - 589-95 AB - To analyze the genetic characterization of epidemic rubella virus strains isolated in Liaoning from 2007-2012, a total of 145 rubella virus strains were isolated using Vero/Slam cell line from the patients' throat swabs during rubella outbreaks and sporadics cases in Liaoning Province from 2007 to 2012. Fragments of 945 nucleotides containing 1E gene from 145 rubella virus isolates were amplified by RT-PCR, the PCR products were sequenced and analyzed. Based on the 739 nucleotides of 1E gene, the phylogenetic trees were constructed with 32 WHO rubella reference strains of 13 genotypes downloaded from GenBank and 145 rubella virus strains. The results showed that the 145 rubella virus strains in 2007 -2012 belonged to genotype 1E, nucleotide acids and amino acids similarities were 97.2%-100.0% and 97.6%-100.0%, respectively. Compared to the 1E reference strains(Rvi/ Dezhou.CHN/02, RVi/MYS/01), the nucleotide acids and amino acids similarities were 96.6%-99.2% and 98.2%-100.0%, respectively except for one amino acid change (Val246-Ala246) of RVi/Shenyang. Liaoning. CHN/13.11/13, and Asp262-Asn262 of RVi/Shenyang. Liaoning. CHN/13.11/4 and RVi/Liaoyang. Liaoning. CHN/26. 11/2. there had no change found in the important antigenic epitope sites, the hemagglutination inhibition and neutralization epitopes of the other rubella viruses. All the 145 strains isolated had the same amino acid change (Leu338--Phe338) in E1 protein. These findings suggested that genotype 1E of rubella virus was the predominant genotype in Liaoning province. the rubella prevailed in recent six years was mainly caused by rubella viruses genotype 1E with multi-transmission routes. FAU - Wang, Yan AU - Wang Y AD - Liaoning Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenyang 110005, China. dawangyan@lncdc.com FAU - Ma, Yan AU - Ma Y AD - Liaoning Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenyang 110005, China. FAU - Xu, Xiao-Ting AU - Xu XT AD - Liaoning Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenyang 110005, China. FAU - Fan, Xue-Song AU - Fan XS AD - Da Lian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Dalian 116021, China. FAU - Lin, Qian AU - Lin Q AD - Da Lian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Dalian 116021, China. FAU - Sui, Dan AU - Sui D AD - An Shan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Anshan 116021, China. FAU - Yin, Ye AU - Yin Y AD - An Shan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Anshan 116021, China. FAU - Wu, Feng-Tong AU - Wu FT AD - Liao Yang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Liaoyang 111000, China. FAU - Pan, Bai-Ling AU - Pan BL AD - Liao Yang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Liaoyang 111000, China. FAU - Liu, Guang-Yuan AU - Liu GY AD - Ying Kou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yingkou 115004, China. FAU - Wang, Ji-Jian AU - Wang JJ AD - Ying Kou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yingkou 115004, China. FAU - Han, Yue AU - Han Y AD - Liaoning Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenyang 110005, China. FAU - Guo, Jun-Qiao AU - Guo JQ AD - Liaoning Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenyang 110005, China. FAU - Zhao, Zhuo AU - Zhao Z AD - Liaoning Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenyang 110005, China. LA - chi PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - China TA - Bing Du Xue Bao JT - Bing du xue bao = Chinese journal of virology JID - 8803009 RN - 0 (Viral Envelope Proteins) SB - IM MH - Amino Acid Sequence MH - China/epidemiology MH - Epidemics MH - Genotype MH - Humans MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - Phylogeny MH - Rubella/epidemiology/*virology MH - Rubella virus/classification/*genetics/*isolation & purification MH - Sequence Alignment MH - Viral Envelope Proteins/chemistry/genetics EDAT- 2014/02/14 06:00 MHDA- 2014/04/02 06:00 CRDT- 2014/02/14 06:00 PHST- 2014/02/14 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2014/02/14 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2014/04/02 06:00 [medline] PST - ppublish SO - Bing Du Xue Bao. 2013 Nov;29(6):589-95. PMID- 20690250 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20100909 LR - 20110415 IS - 1118-4841 (Print) IS - 1118-4841 (Linking) VI - 13 IP - 2 DP - 2009 Jun TI - Serologic survey of specific rubella virus IgM in the sera of pregnant women in Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria. PG - 69-73 AB - Although a major section of pregnant women in Nigeria are immune to rubella infection, cases of congenital rubella syndrome are still been seen in hospitals. Rubella is not a reportable disease in Nigeria and data of its epidemiology are extremely rare. In this study, we estimate the burden of acute rubella virus infection among pregnant women during their first trimester in Makurdi-Benue State-Nigeria. Anti-rubella IgM were detected using a commercially available quantitative enzyme immunoassay. Of the 534 (mean age = 28.1 +/- 1.7 years) sera sample tested, 21 (3.9%; 95% CI = +/- 1.64%) were positive for Rubella IgM antibodies. We also extrapolated by mathematical modeling that 4.2% represents the actual/real susceptible population in Nigeria. There was no significant correlations between rubella infection and age (p > 0.05). Although the incidence of rubella is low we suggest the antenatal screening and vaccination of all females of child bearing age to eliminate this potentially devastating virus in the county. FAU - Pennap, Grace AU - Pennap G AD - Department of Microbiology, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria. FAU - Amauche, Ginikanwa AU - Amauche G FAU - Ajoge, Hannah AU - Ajoge H FAU - Gabadi, Sarah AU - Gabadi S FAU - Agwale, Simon AU - Agwale S FAU - Forbi, Joseph AU - Forbi J LA - eng PT - Journal Article PL - Nigeria TA - Afr J Reprod Health JT - African journal of reproductive health JID - 9712263 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin M) SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Antibodies, Viral/*blood MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Immunoenzyme Techniques MH - Immunoglobulin M/*blood MH - Incidence MH - Nigeria/epidemiology MH - Pregnancy MH - Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/blood/epidemiology/*immunology MH - Pregnancy Trimester, First MH - Rubella/blood/epidemiology/*immunology MH - Rubella Syndrome, Congenital/epidemiology/immunology MH - Rubella virus/*immunology MH - Young Adult EDAT- 2009/06/01 00:00 MHDA- 2010/09/10 06:00 CRDT- 2010/08/10 06:00 PHST- 2010/08/10 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2009/06/01 00:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2010/09/10 06:00 [medline] PST - ppublish SO - Afr J Reprod Health. 2009 Jun;13(2):69-73. PMID- 16522781 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20060523 LR - 20181113 IS - 1556-6811 (Print) IS - 1556-679X (Electronic) IS - 1556-679X (Linking) VI - 13 IP - 3 DP - 2006 Mar TI - Humoral immune response to primary rubella virus infection. PG - 380-6 AB - An assay capable of distinguishing between the immune response generated by recent exposure to rubella virus and the immune response existing as a result of past exposure or immunization is required for the diagnosis of primary rubella virus infection, especially in pregnant women. Avidity assays, which are based on the premise that chaotropic agents can be used to selectively dissociate the low-avidity antibodies generated early in the course of infection, have become routinely used in an effort to accomplish this. We have thoroughly investigated the immunological basis of an avidity assay using a viral lysate-based assay and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on a peptide analogue of the putative immunodominant region of the E1 glycoprotein (E1208-239). The relative affinities of the antibodies directed against E1208-239 were measured by surface plasmon resonance and were found to correlate well with the avidity index calculated from the ELISA results. We found that the immune response generated during primary rubella virus infection consists of an initial low-affinity peak of immunoglobulin M (IgM) reactivity followed by transient peaks of low-avidity IgG3 and IgA reactivity. The predominant response is an IgG1 response which increases in concentration and affinity progressively over the course of infection. Incubation with the chaotropic agent used in the avidity assay abolished the detection of the early low-affinity peaks of IgM, IgA, and IgG3 reactivity while leaving the high-affinity IgG1 response relatively unaffected. The present study supported the premise that avidity assays based on appropriate antigens can be useful to confirm primary rubella virus infection. FAU - Wilson, Kim M AU - Wilson KM AD - National Serology Reference Laboratory, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia. 3065. kim@nrl.gov.au FAU - Di Camillo, Carlie AU - Di Camillo C FAU - Doughty, Larissa AU - Doughty L FAU - Dax, Elizabeth M AU - Dax EM LA - eng PT - Journal Article TA - Clin Vaccine Immunol JT - Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI JID - 101252125 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Antigens, Viral) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin G) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin M) RN - 0 (Viral Envelope Proteins) RN - 0 (rubella antibodies) RN - 131016-01-8 (E1 envelope protein, Rubella virus) SB - IM MH - Amino Acid Sequence MH - Antibodies, Viral/*biosynthesis/blood MH - Antibody Affinity MH - Antigens, Viral/immunology MH - Blotting, Western MH - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay MH - Humans MH - Immunoglobulin G/biosynthesis/blood MH - Immunoglobulin M/biosynthesis/blood MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - Rubella/blood/*immunology MH - Rubella virus/*immunology MH - Time Factors MH - Viral Envelope Proteins/immunology PMC - PMC1391971 EDAT- 2006/03/09 09:00 MHDA- 2006/05/24 09:00 CRDT- 2006/03/09 09:00 PHST- 2006/03/09 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2006/05/24 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2006/03/09 09:00 [entrez] AID - 13/3/380 [pii] AID - 0392-05 [pii] AID - 10.1128/CVI.13.3.380-386.2006 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2006 Mar;13(3):380-6. doi: 10.1128/CVI.13.3.380-386.2006. PMID- 11601918 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20011205 LR - 20191210 IS - 0042-6822 (Print) IS - 0042-6822 (Linking) VI - 289 IP - 1 DP - 2001 Oct 10 TI - Rubella virus DI RNAs and replicons: requirement for nonstructural proteins acting in cis for amplification by helper virus. PG - 63-73 AB - A rubella virus (RUB) replicon was constructed by replacing the 3' proximal structural protein ORF (SP-ORF) in Robo402, a RUB infectious cDNA clone, with a reporter gene, green fluorescent protein (GFP). This replicon, RUBrep/GFP, mimics naturally occurring RUB defective-interfering (DI) RNAs generated during serial undiluted passage that maintain the 5' proximal nonstructural protein ORF (NS-ORF) but contain deletions in the SP-ORF. Following transfection of Vero cells with in vitro RNA transcripts from RUBrep/GFP, replicon replication occurred and the replicon was amplified and spread to other cells in the presence of standard helper virus. GFP expression was a much more sensitive indicator of replicon replication than was Northern analysis to detect replicon-specific RNAs. Most of a series of RUBrep/GFP constructs with deletions in the NS-ORF not only were incapable of self-replication, but were not amplified by standard helper virus. The only exception was a construct with an in-frame deletion between two NotI sites that removed nucleotides 1685-2192 of the genome; this construct did not express GFP by itself, but did express GFP in the presence of standard helper RUB and was spread to other cells. Thus, with the exception of this region, the NS-ORF is required in cis for amplification of RUB replicons by standard helper virus, explaining the selection of DI RNAs that maintain the NS-ORF. Surprisingly, when the NotI deletion was introduced into Robo402, a viable virus resulted that replicated only threefold less efficiently than did Robo402 virus. Thus, the NotI region of the NS-ORF is not necessary for virus replication. This deletion covers a region of the NS-ORF without predicted function, which therefore may function as a spacer or hinge between functional domains. Nevertheless, it was an unexpected finding that a small virus such as RUB could dispense with approximately 10% of its genome. CI - Copyright 2001 Academic Press. FAU - Tzeng, W P AU - Tzeng WP AD - Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA. FAU - Chen, M H AU - Chen MH FAU - Derdeyn, C A AU - Derdeyn CA FAU - Frey, T K AU - Frey TK LA - eng GR - AI 21389/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. PL - United States TA - Virology JT - Virology JID - 0110674 RN - 0 (Luminescent Proteins) RN - 0 (RNA, Viral) RN - 0 (Viral Nonstructural Proteins) RN - 147336-22-9 (Green Fluorescent Proteins) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Chlorocebus aethiops MH - Defective Viruses/*genetics MH - Gene Amplification MH - Gene Deletion MH - *Genetic Vectors MH - Green Fluorescent Proteins MH - Helper Viruses/genetics/physiology MH - Luminescent Proteins/genetics/metabolism MH - RNA, Viral/biosynthesis/*genetics MH - Replicon/*genetics MH - Rubella virus/*genetics/physiology MH - Transcription, Genetic MH - Transfection MH - Vero Cells MH - Viral Interference MH - Viral Nonstructural Proteins/*metabolism MH - Virus Replication EDAT- 2001/10/17 10:00 MHDA- 2002/01/05 10:01 CRDT- 2001/10/17 10:00 PHST- 2001/10/17 10:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2002/01/05 10:01 [medline] PHST- 2001/10/17 10:00 [entrez] AID - S0042-6822(01)91088-8 [pii] AID - 10.1006/viro.2001.1088 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Virology. 2001 Oct 10;289(1):63-73. doi: 10.1006/viro.2001.1088. PMID- 12076835 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20030630 LR - 20190910 IS - 0168-1702 (Print) IS - 0168-1702 (Linking) VI - 86 IP - 1-2 DP - 2002 Jun TI - Rescue of rubella virus replication-defective mutants using vaccinia virus recombinant expressing rubella virus nonstructural proteins. PG - 111-22 AB - The genome of rubella virus (RV) is translated into a polyprotein precusor, p200, of the nonstructural proteins (NSPs). This is proteolytically processed by a viral-encoded protease into two mature products, p150 and p90. p150 contains sequence corresponding to the predicted methyltransferase and protease activities, while p90 has sequence for the proposed helicase and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activities. Processing of p200 is essential for RV viral replication. RV NSPs are responsible for viral RNA replication, in which a full-length negative-strand RNA serves as the intermediate for the replication of positive-strand genomic RNA and the transcription of subgenomic RNA. Previously we demonstrated that p200 synthesizes negative- but not positive-strand RNA, and that cleavage products p150/p90 are required for efficient production of positive-strand RNA. To determine whether p150 or p90 alone or together is involved in positive-strand RNA synthesis, vaccinia virus recombinants expressing individual NSPs were constructed and characterized. These were used in in vivo rescue experiments to complement replication-defective mutants in virus replication. A protease-inactive mutant was rescued by p200 or p150 provided in trans by using vaccinia virus recombinants. Thus this protease can function in trans. Rescue of cleavage-defective mutant by either p200 alone, or p150 plus p90 but not by p150 or p90 alone suggests that p150 and p90 function together as a replication complex in positive-strand RNA synthesis. FAU - Wang, Xiaojie AU - Wang X AD - Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, BC Research Institute for Children's and Women's Health, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, Canada. FAU - Liang, Yuying AU - Liang Y FAU - Gillam, Shirley AU - Gillam S LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - Netherlands TA - Virus Res JT - Virus research JID - 8410979 RN - 0 (RNA, Viral) RN - 0 (Viral Nonstructural Proteins) SB - IM MH - Cell Line MH - Defective Viruses/*physiology MH - Genome, Viral MH - Mutation MH - Plasmids MH - RNA, Viral/biosynthesis/*genetics/metabolism MH - Recombination, Genetic MH - Rubella virus/genetics/*physiology MH - Transcription, Genetic MH - Vaccinia virus/*genetics MH - Viral Nonstructural Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism MH - Virus Replication/*physiology EDAT- 2002/06/22 10:00 MHDA- 2003/07/02 05:00 CRDT- 2002/06/22 10:00 PHST- 2002/06/22 10:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2003/07/02 05:00 [medline] PHST- 2002/06/22 10:00 [entrez] AID - S0168170202000771 [pii] AID - 10.1016/s0168-1702(02)00077-1 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Virus Res. 2002 Jun;86(1-2):111-22. doi: 10.1016/s0168-1702(02)00077-1. PMID- 15907967 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20050907 LR - 20071114 IS - 0042-6822 (Print) IS - 0042-6822 (Linking) VI - 337 IP - 2 DP - 2005 Jul 5 TI - Rubella virus capsid protein modulation of viral genomic and subgenomic RNA synthesis. PG - 327-34 AB - The ratio of the subgenomic (SG) to genome RNA synthesized by rubella virus (RUB) replicons expressing the green fluorescent protein reporter gene (RUBrep/GFP) is substantially higher than the ratio of these species synthesized by RUB (4.3 for RUBrep/GFP vs. 1.3-1.4 for RUB). It was hypothesized that this modulation of the viral RNA synthesis was by one of the virus structural protein genes and it was found that introduction of the capsid (C) protein gene into the replicons as an in-frame fusion with GFP resulted in an increase of genomic RNA production (reducing the SG/genome RNA ratio), confirming the hypothesis and showing that the C gene was the moiety responsible for the modulation effect. The N-terminal one-third of the C gene was required for the effect of be exhibited. A similar phenomenon was not observed with the replicons of Sindbis virus, a related Alphavirus. Interestingly, modulation was not observed when RUBrep/GFP was co-transfected with either other RUBrep or plasmid constructs expressing the C gene, demonstrating that modulation could occur only when the C gene was provided in cis. Mutations that prevented translation of the C protein failed to modulate RNA synthesis, indicating that the C protein was the moiety responsible for modulation; consistent with this conclusion, modulation of RNA synthesis was maintained when synonymous codon mutations were introduced at the 5' end of the C gene that changed the C gene sequence without altering the amino acid sequence of the C protein. These results indicate that C protein translated in proximity of viral replication complexes, possibly from newly synthesized SG RNA, participate in regulating the replication of viral RNA. FAU - Tzeng, Wen-Pin AU - Tzeng WP AD - Department of Biology, Georgia State University, PO Box 4010, Atlanta, GA 30302-4010, USA. FAU - Frey, Teryl K AU - Frey TK LA - eng GR - AI21389/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. PL - United States TA - Virology JT - Virology JID - 0110674 RN - 0 (Capsid Proteins) RN - 0 (DNA, Complementary) RN - 0 (DNA, Viral) RN - 0 (RNA, Viral) SB - IM MH - Base Sequence MH - Capsid Proteins/*genetics MH - Cloning, Molecular MH - DNA, Complementary/genetics MH - DNA, Viral/genetics MH - Escherichia coli/genetics MH - Genes, Reporter MH - Genome, Viral MH - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed MH - RNA, Viral/*genetics MH - Replicon/genetics MH - Rubella virus/*genetics MH - *Transcription, Genetic EDAT- 2005/05/24 09:00 MHDA- 2005/09/08 09:00 CRDT- 2005/05/24 09:00 PHST- 2005/01/06 00:00 [received] PHST- 2005/01/20 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2005/04/19 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2005/05/24 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2005/09/08 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2005/05/24 09:00 [entrez] AID - S0042-6822(05)00237-0 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.virol.2005.04.019 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Virology. 2005 Jul 5;337(2):327-34. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2005.04.019. PMID- 18320816 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20080403 LR - 20161021 IS - 1000-8721 (Print) IS - 1000-8721 (Linking) VI - 24 IP - 1 DP - 2008 Jan TI - [Genetic characterization of Chinese rubella virus isolates from 2003 to 2007]. PG - 7-16 AB - 57 rubella virus strains were isolated using Vero cell line or Vero/SLAM cell line from patients' throat swabs during rubella outbreaks and sporadics in 10 provinces of China from 2003 to 2007. Fragments of 1107 nucleotides of E1 genes of the isolates were amplified by RT-PCR, the PCR products were directly sequenced and analyzed. The phylogenetic analysis based on 739 nucleotides showed that out of 57 Chinese rubella virus strains, 55 belong to a distinguish branch of 1E genotype when comparing with 1E genotype rubella strains from other countries, and the other 2 Chinese rubella virus strains belong to 2B genotype. Most of the nucleotide mutations of 57 rubella viruses were silent mutations, and the amino acid sequences were highly conserved. Except one amino acid change (Thr212 --> Ser212) in two rubella viruses at the hemagglutination inhibition and neutralization epitopes, there had no change found at the important antigenic epitope sites of the other rubella viruses. 1E genotype rubella viruses isolated from 10 provinces of China from 2003 to 2007, and two imported 2B genotype rubella viruses from Vietnam suggested that 1E genotype was the predominant genotype in this period of time. The rubella virus genotypes circulated during 2003 to 2007 were different from that circulating during 1979 to 1984 and 1999 to 2002, the rubella prevailed in recent years was mainly caused by 1E genotype rubella viruses with multi-transmission routes. FAU - Zhu, Zhen AU - Zhu Z AD - Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China. FAU - Xu, Wen-Bo AU - Xu WB FAU - Mao, Nai-Ying AU - Mao NY FAU - Jiang, Xiao-Hong AU - Jiang XH FAU - Xu, Song-Tao AU - Xu ST FAU - He, Ji-Lan AU - He JL FAU - Sun, Li AU - Sun L FAU - Ling, Hua AU - Ling H FAU - Zhang, Zhen-Ying AU - Zhang ZY FAU - Li, Cong-Yong AU - Li CY FAU - Ba, Zhuo-Ma AU - Ba ZM FAU - Zhan, Jun AU - Zhan J FAU - Chen, Hui AU - Chen H FAU - Wang, Fei-Xia AU - Wang FX FAU - Zhou, Shu-Jie AU - Zhou SJ FAU - Chen, Xia AU - Chen X FAU - Zheng, Lei AU - Zheng L FAU - Dai, De-Fang AU - Dai DF FAU - Zhang, Hong AU - Zhang H FAU - Liang, Yong AU - Liang Y LA - chi PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - China TA - Bing Du Xue Bao JT - Bing du xue bao = Chinese journal of virology JID - 8803009 SB - IM MH - Genotype MH - Mutation MH - Phylogeny MH - Rubella virus/classification/*genetics/isolation & purification MH - Time Factors EDAT- 2008/03/07 09:00 MHDA- 2008/04/04 09:00 CRDT- 2008/03/07 09:00 PHST- 2008/03/07 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2008/04/04 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2008/03/07 09:00 [entrez] PST - ppublish SO - Bing Du Xue Bao. 2008 Jan;24(1):7-16. PMID- 25378458 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20150903 LR - 20150124 IS - 1537-6591 (Electronic) IS - 1058-4838 (Linking) VI - 60 IP - 4 DP - 2015 Feb 15 TI - Successful detection and genotyping of rubella virus from preserved umbilical cord of patients with congenital rubella syndrome. PG - 605-7 LID - 10.1093/cid/ciu882 [doi] FAU - Miyata, Ippei AU - Miyata I AD - Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Subspecialties. FAU - Kubo, Takahiko AU - Kubo T AD - Division of Obstetrics, Center of Maternal-Fetal, Neonatal and Reproductive Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo. FAU - Miyairi, Isao AU - Miyairi I AD - Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Subspecialties. FAU - Saitoh, Akihiko AU - Saitoh A AD - Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Subspecialties Department of Pediatrics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata. FAU - Morimoto, Noriko AU - Morimoto N AD - Department of Otolaryngology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20141106 PL - United States TA - Clin Infect Dis JT - Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America JID - 9203213 SB - IM MH - Genotype MH - Humans MH - Japan MH - Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction MH - Retrospective Studies MH - Rubella Syndrome, Congenital/*virology MH - Rubella virus/*genetics/*isolation & purification MH - Tissue Preservation MH - Umbilical Cord/*virology OTO - NOTNLM OT - congenital rubella syndrome OT - preserved umbilical cord OT - retrospective investigation EDAT- 2014/11/08 06:00 MHDA- 2015/09/04 06:00 CRDT- 2014/11/08 06:00 PHST- 2014/11/08 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2014/11/08 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2015/09/04 06:00 [medline] AID - ciu882 [pii] AID - 10.1093/cid/ciu882 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Clin Infect Dis. 2015 Feb 15;60(4):605-7. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciu882. Epub 2014 Nov 6. PMID- 12607987 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20030408 LR - 20110727 IS - 0546-1766 (Print) IS - 0546-1766 (Linking) VI - 49 IP - 12 DP - 2002 Dec TI - [Anti-rubella virus IgG in urine: epidemiological application of a new enzyme-liked-immunosorbent assay (ELISA)]. PG - 1227-38 AB - OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the utility of urinary assessment for epidemiological studies of rubella, we measured anti-rubella virus immunoglobulin G (anti-RV IgG) using samples from pediatric patients with initial rubella infection, healthy volunteers who received a prophylactic inoculation of live rubella vaccine, and 3 years-old children undergoing a health examination at a community health center. METHODS: Blood and urine samples were collected from 12 of spontaneous rubella cases treated at 7 local pediatric clinics during acute and convalescent stages. In addition, blood and urine samples were collected from 17 healthy volunteers receiving prophylactic rubella vaccination immediately before, and 3 and 6-7 weeks after vaccination. Urine samples for anti-RV IgG measurement were also collected from 740 children 3 years of age at Odawara Community Health Center after obtaining informed consent from their parents. In addition, a questionnaire survey of the past history of prophylactic vaccinations was conducted. Serum titers of anti-RV antibody were measured using VIDAS Rubella-IgG and IgM (bioMerieux Japan Ltd.) and urinary titers of anti-RV IgG by ELISA (Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.). RESULTS: 1) The sensitivity and specificity for anti-RV IgG measurement in urine were 99.4% and 100%, respectively. 2) Six of 12 cases suspected of rubella infection were confirmed as initial rubella infection, and showed significantly increased anti-RV IgG titers in convalescent sera. Anti-RV IgG titers were also increased in the urine specimens. 3) In 17 subjects who received prophylactic inoculation with live rubella vaccine, serum titers of anti-RV IgG were increased 6-7 weeks after vaccination and anti-RV IgG was also detected in urine samples from all cases. 4) Urine samples from 80.9% of the children were positive for anti-RV IgG. In addition, 81.7% of the 698 cases, whose parents completed the questionnaire had received prophylactic inoculation with live rubella vaccine, confirmed by the vaccination records in maternal and child health handbooks. Furthermore, urine samples from 12.5% of children who had not received prophylactic live rubella vaccination were positive for anti-RV IgG. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that increased antibody titers after spontaneous rubella infection and prophylactic vaccination can be confirmed by measuring antibody titers in the urine. The results also suggest that urine sampling is useful for epidemiological studies of rubella because collection is simple, even from children. FAU - Ohya, Hitomi AU - Ohya H AD - Laboratory of Public Health, Faculty of Hygiene and Sciences, Kanagawa Prefectural College of Nursing and Medical Technology. FAU - Ichikawa, Seiichi AU - Ichikawa S FAU - Yokota, Shumpei AU - Yokota S FAU - Kimura, Hirokazu AU - Kimura H FAU - Nakazawa, Akinori AU - Nakazawa A FAU - Uechi, Masafumi AU - Uechi M FAU - Shibata, Shigeo AU - Shibata S LA - jpn PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - Japan TA - Nihon Koshu Eisei Zasshi JT - [Nihon koshu eisei zasshi] Japanese journal of public health JID - 19130150R RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin G) RN - 0 (rubella antibodies) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Antibodies, Viral/*urine MH - Child, Preschool MH - *Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Immunoglobulin G/*urine MH - Male MH - Rubella/immunology MH - Sensitivity and Specificity EDAT- 2003/03/01 04:00 MHDA- 2003/04/09 05:00 CRDT- 2003/03/01 04:00 PHST- 2003/03/01 04:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2003/04/09 05:00 [medline] PHST- 2003/03/01 04:00 [entrez] PST - ppublish SO - Nihon Koshu Eisei Zasshi. 2002 Dec;49(12):1227-38. PMID- 17905485 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20080226 LR - 20071008 IS - 0264-410X (Print) IS - 0264-410X (Linking) VI - 25 IP - 43 DP - 2007 Oct 23 TI - Semliki Forest virus vectors expressing the H and HN genes of measles and mumps viruses reduce immunity induced by the envelope protein genes of rubella virus. PG - 7481-90 AB - A Semliki Forest virus (SFV) recombinant particle vaccine vector was constructed expressing the viral E1 and E2 envelope proteins of the RA27/3 vaccine strain of rubella virus. This vector induced high titres of antibody after intramuscular administration to Balb/C mice, both following initial vaccination and a boost 4 weeks later. This occurred for antibody as measured by ELISA and as measured by a latex agglutination test. However, co-administration of similar particles expressing the measles virus H protein and the mumps virus HN protein with the rubella protein expressing vector resulted in reduction of the anti-rubella immune response. FAU - Callagy, Sara J AU - Callagy SJ AD - Virus Group, Moyne Institute of Preventive Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland. FAU - Kelly, Barbara J AU - Kelly BJ FAU - Fleeton, Marina N AU - Fleeton MN FAU - Sheahan, Brian J AU - Sheahan BJ FAU - Galbraith, Sareen E AU - Galbraith SE FAU - Atkins, Gregory J AU - Atkins GJ LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20070914 PL - Netherlands TA - Vaccine JT - Vaccine JID - 8406899 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Antigens, Viral) RN - 0 (Viral Envelope Proteins) SB - IM MH - Agglutination Tests MH - Animals MH - Antibodies, Viral/blood MH - Antigens, Viral/genetics/*immunology MH - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay MH - Female MH - Genetic Vectors/administration & dosage/*genetics MH - Injections, Intramuscular MH - Measles virus/*genetics MH - Mice MH - Mice, Inbred BALB C MH - Mumps virus/*genetics MH - Rubella virus/*genetics MH - Semliki forest virus/genetics MH - Vaccination/methods MH - Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics/*immunology EDAT- 2007/10/02 09:00 MHDA- 2008/02/27 09:00 CRDT- 2007/10/02 09:00 PHST- 2007/07/09 00:00 [received] PHST- 2007/08/24 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2007/08/27 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2007/10/02 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2008/02/27 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2007/10/02 09:00 [entrez] AID - S0264-410X(07)00996-6 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.08.049 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Vaccine. 2007 Oct 23;25(43):7481-90. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.08.049. Epub 2007 Sep 14. PMID- 20712479 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20110126 LR - 20100817 IS - 1557-8976 (Electronic) IS - 0882-8245 (Linking) VI - 23 IP - 4 DP - 2010 Aug TI - A qualitative and quantitative comparison of two rubella virus-specific IgG antibody immunoassays. PG - 353-7 LID - 10.1089/vim.2010.0026 [doi] AB - Monitoring circulating rubella IgG antibody concentration in children and in women of child-bearing age is an important step in maintaining high levels of rubella immunity and preventing congenital rubella syndrome. The objective of this study was to evaluate the Beckman Coulter Access Rubella IgG assay against the Dade Behring Enzygnost Anti-Rubella-Virus/IgG EIA assay in serum of children (n = 342) immunized with two doses of measles-mumps-rubella-II (MMR-II) vaccine. We found that the two assays had a high qualitative (96%), and quantitative correlation 0.93 (0.92, 0.95), based on a protective antibody concentration of > or =15 IU/mL. The mean rubella antibody concentration measured by both assays was >37 IU/mL; however, 10% of our study participants had low concentrations of circulating rubella-specific antibodies. These findings might indicate a need for additional monitoring of antibody levels as these children reach child-bearing age, or potentially a need for a third dose of vaccine to increase seroconversion. FAU - Greenwood, Nicholas P AU - Greenwood NP AD - Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA. FAU - Ovsyannikova, Inna G AU - Ovsyannikova IG FAU - Vierkant, Robert A AU - Vierkant RA FAU - O'Byrne, Megan M AU - O'Byrne MM FAU - Poland, Gregory A AU - Poland GA LA - eng PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article PL - United States TA - Viral Immunol JT - Viral immunology JID - 8801552 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin G) RN - 0 (Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine) RN - 0 (Reagent Kits, Diagnostic) RN - 0 (rubella antibodies) SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Antibodies, Viral/*blood/immunology MH - Antibody Specificity MH - Child MH - Female MH - Humans MH - *Immunoenzyme Techniques MH - Immunoglobulin G/*blood/immunology MH - Male MH - Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine/immunology MH - Monitoring, Immunologic/*methods MH - *Reagent Kits, Diagnostic MH - Rubella/blood/*diagnosis/immunology MH - Rubella virus/*immunology MH - Sensitivity and Specificity MH - Vaccination MH - Young Adult EDAT- 2010/08/18 06:00 MHDA- 2011/01/28 06:00 CRDT- 2010/08/18 06:00 PHST- 2010/08/18 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2010/08/18 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2011/01/28 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.1089/vim.2010.0026 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Viral Immunol. 2010 Aug;23(4):353-7. doi: 10.1089/vim.2010.0026. PMID- 28935733 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20201001 IS - 2169-8287 (Print) IS - 2169-8287 (Electronic) VI - 5 IP - 38 DP - 2017 Sep 21 TI - Complete Genome Sequence of a Genotype 2B Rubella Virus Isolated in South Korea in 2015. LID - 10.1128/genomeA.00940-17 [doi] LID - e00940-17 AB - The complete genome sequence of the wild-type genotype 2B rubella virus RVi/Busan.KOR/10.15[2B], isolated from a patient in South Korea, was determined. The availability of this sequence will help in understanding the circulation of endemic rubella viruses, as well as their genetic diversity. CI - Copyright © 2017 Kang et al. FAU - Kang, Hae Ji AU - Kang HJ AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0842-5439 AD - Division of Respiratory Viruses, Center for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, South Korea. FAU - Kim, You-Jin AU - Kim YJ AD - Division of Respiratory Viruses, Center for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, South Korea. FAU - Lee, Hye Min AU - Lee HM AD - Division of Respiratory Viruses, Center for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, South Korea. FAU - Nam, Jeong-Gu AU - Nam JG AD - Division of Respiratory Viruses, Center for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, South Korea. FAU - Kim, Sung Soon AU - Kim SS AD - Division of Respiratory Viruses, Center for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, South Korea sungskim63@gmail.com. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20170921 TA - Genome Announc JT - Genome announcements JID - 101595808 PMC - PMC5609412 EDAT- 2017/09/25 06:00 MHDA- 2017/09/25 06:01 CRDT- 2017/09/23 06:00 PHST- 2017/09/23 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2017/09/25 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2017/09/25 06:01 [medline] AID - 5/38/e00940-17 [pii] AID - genomeA00940-17 [pii] AID - 10.1128/genomeA.00940-17 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Genome Announc. 2017 Sep 21;5(38):e00940-17. doi: 10.1128/genomeA.00940-17. PMID- 21441098 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20110607 LR - 20190805 IS - 1744-5485 (Print) IS - 1744-5485 (Linking) VI - 7 IP - 1 DP - 2011 TI - Unusual nucleotide content of Rubella virus genome as a consequence of biased RNA-editing: comparison with Alphaviruses. PG - 82-100 AB - The usage of cytosine in third codon positions of 22 complete Rubella virus genomes (52.4%) is significantly higher than the usage of guanine (28.9%), adenine (6.9%) and uracil (11.8%). The percentage of U ↔ C transitions (55%) between 22 Rubella virus genomes is two times higher than the percentage of A ↔ G transitions (23%). Predicted microRNA from ORF1 of Rubella virus may target human APOBEC1 mRNA, blocking APOBEC1-editing of viral RNA-minus and RNA-plus strands (preventing G → A and C → U transitions, respectively), while their ADAR-editing (causing U → C and A → G transitions, respectively) occurs frequently. FAU - Khrustalev, Vladislav Victorovich AU - Khrustalev VV AD - Department of General Chemistry, Belarussian State Medical University, Minsk 220000, Belarus. vvkhrustalev@mail.ru FAU - Barkovsky, Eugene Victorovich AU - Barkovsky EV LA - eng PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article PL - Switzerland TA - Int J Bioinform Res Appl JT - International journal of bioinformatics research and applications JID - 101253758 RN - 0 (Codon) RN - 0 (MicroRNAs) RN - 0 (RNA, Viral) RN - EC 3.5.4.36 (APOBEC-1 Deaminase) RN - EC 3.5.4.36 (APOBEC1 protein, human) RN - EC 3.5.4.5 (Cytidine Deaminase) SB - IM MH - APOBEC-1 Deaminase MH - Algorithms MH - Alphavirus/*genetics/*metabolism MH - Base Composition MH - Base Sequence MH - Codon/genetics MH - Computational Biology MH - Cytidine Deaminase/genetics/metabolism MH - Genome, Viral MH - Humans MH - MicroRNAs/chemistry/genetics/metabolism MH - Models, Biological MH - Mutation MH - Nucleic Acid Conformation MH - Open Reading Frames MH - Phylogeny MH - *RNA Editing MH - RNA, Viral/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism MH - Rubella virus/*genetics/*metabolism MH - Species Specificity EDAT- 2011/03/29 06:00 MHDA- 2011/06/08 06:00 CRDT- 2011/03/29 06:00 PHST- 2011/03/29 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2011/03/29 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2011/06/08 06:00 [medline] AID - Y41M52M4334N80W5 [pii] AID - 10.1504/IJBRA.2011.039171 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Int J Bioinform Res Appl. 2011;7(1):82-100. doi: 10.1504/IJBRA.2011.039171. PMID- 15096284 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20040621 LR - 20190607 IS - 1020-4989 (Print) IS - 1020-4989 (Linking) VI - 15 IP - 3 DP - 2004 Mar TI - Seroprevalence of antibodies against rubella virus in pregnant women in Haiti. PG - 147-50 AB - OBJECTIVE: To assess the seroprevalence of immunity to the rubella virus in pregnant women in Haiti attending the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of the State University Hospital, in the capital city of Port-au-Prince, in order to help with the introduction of the rubella vaccine for the population and provide protection for women of reproductive age in the country. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was done between February 2002 and May 2002. A total of 503 pregnant women were tested for rubella-specific immunoglobulin G antibodies, using enzyme immunoassay; 8 of those women were later excluded because they did not know their age, leaving 495 women in the analysis. RESULTS: Of the 495 participants included in our analysis, 471 of them (95.2%) were seropositive; only 24 of them (4.8%) were seronegative (susceptible). A statistically significant difference (P = 0.02) was found in the rate of seronegativity for rubella virus between the pregnant women living in the Port-au-Prince area (17 of 426 women, or 4.0%) and those living in rural areas (7 of 69 women, or 10.1%). In terms of age, 81 of the 495 (16.4%) women were under 21 years ld. CONCLUSIONS: This study is an important first step in addressing the issue of prevalence of rubella virus infection among Haitian women and in dealing with the still-underrecognized public health problem of congenital rubella syndrome in Haiti. We recommend additional research that uses randomized sampling and includes a significant proportion of women from rural areas of the country. FAU - Désinor, Olbeg Y AU - Désinor OY AD - State University Hospital, Port-au-Prince, Haiti. FAU - Ansèlme, Renette J P AU - Ansèlme RJ FAU - Laender, Fernando AU - Laender F FAU - Saint-Louis, Calerbe AU - Saint-Louis C FAU - Bien-Aimé, Jean Eddy AU - Bien-Aimé JE LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - United States TA - Rev Panam Salud Publica JT - Revista panamericana de salud publica = Pan American journal of public health JID - 9705400 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) SB - IM CIN - Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2004 Mar;15(3):145-6. PMID: 15096283 MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Antibodies, Viral/*blood MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - Female MH - Haiti MH - Humans MH - Middle Aged MH - Pregnancy MH - Prevalence MH - Rubella virus/*immunology MH - Seroepidemiologic Studies EDAT- 2004/04/21 05:00 MHDA- 2004/06/23 05:00 CRDT- 2004/04/21 05:00 PHST- 2004/04/21 05:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2004/06/23 05:00 [medline] PHST- 2004/04/21 05:00 [entrez] AID - S1020-49892004000300002 [pii] AID - 10.1590/s1020-49892004000300002 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2004 Mar;15(3):147-50. doi: 10.1590/s1020-49892004000300002. PMID- 19937050 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20100528 LR - 20211020 IS - 1435-702X (Electronic) IS - 0721-832X (Linking) VI - 248 IP - 4 DP - 2010 Apr TI - Intraocular antibody synthesis against rubella virus and other microorganisms in Fuchs' heterochromic cyclitis. PG - 565-71 LID - 10.1007/s00417-009-1239-7 [doi] AB - INTRODUCTION: Fuchs' heterochromic cyclitis (FHC) is a common intraocular disease of uncertain etiology that has recently been related to rubella virus (RV) infection. METHODS: We investigated the synthesis of RV-specific IgG using aqueous humor and serum samples from 63 consecutive patients with FHC. In addition, intraocular immunoglobulin G production against herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella zoster virus (VZV), cytomegalovirus (CMV) and toxoplasma gondii was determined. In 20 patients, the detection of RV RNA was additionally performed by RT-PCR on the E1 gene. Forty-six patients with HSV- and VZV-associated uveitis, HLA B-27 positive anterior uveitis, and Posner-Schlossman syndrome served as controls. RESULTS: Specific intraocular antibody synthesis against RV was confirmed in all 63 FHC patients, whereas none of the 46 controls was positive for RV IgG. Interestingly, in 11 patients with positive RV IgG synthesis, additional HSV (eight), VZV (one) and CMV (two) specific antibodies could be detected. Only twice was viral RNA detectable by PCR in a patient with FHC. CONCLUSIONS: In this largest reported series of FHC patients, we detected a strong association between FHC and intraocular antibody synthesis against rubella virus. Furthermore, in 11 patients, it was possible to confirm an additional intraocular antibody synthesis, in particular HSV. PCR-positive results in the aqueous humor were exclusively obtained for RV. In contrast to other studies, the RV genome could only be identified in two patients (10%). FAU - Ruokonen, Peter C AU - Ruokonen PC AD - Augenklinik Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (CVK) Germany, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany. peter.ruokonen@charite.de FAU - Metzner, Sylvia AU - Metzner S FAU - Ucer, Aylin AU - Ucer A FAU - Torun, Necip AU - Torun N FAU - Hofmann, Jörg AU - Hofmann J FAU - Pleyer, Uwe AU - Pleyer U LA - eng PT - Journal Article PL - Germany TA - Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol JT - Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie JID - 8205248 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Protozoan) RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin G) RN - 0 (RNA, Viral) RN - 0 (Viral Envelope Proteins) RN - 131016-01-8 (E1 envelope protein, Rubella virus) SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - Antibodies, Protozoan/blood MH - Antibodies, Viral/*blood MH - Aqueous Humor/immunology/virology MH - Child MH - Cytomegalovirus/immunology MH - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay MH - Eye Infections, Viral/*immunology/virology MH - Female MH - Herpesvirus 3, Human/immunology MH - Humans MH - Immunoglobulin G/blood MH - Iridocyclitis/*immunology/virology MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - RNA, Viral/analysis MH - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction MH - Rubella/*immunology/virology MH - Rubella virus/genetics/*immunology MH - Simplexvirus/immunology MH - Toxoplasma/immunology MH - Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics MH - Young Adult EDAT- 2009/11/26 06:00 MHDA- 2010/05/29 06:00 CRDT- 2009/11/26 06:00 PHST- 2009/01/06 00:00 [received] PHST- 2009/11/02 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2009/10/22 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2009/11/26 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2009/11/26 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2010/05/29 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.1007/s00417-009-1239-7 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2010 Apr;248(4):565-71. doi: 10.1007/s00417-009-1239-7. PMID- 23940821 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20140414 LR - 20211021 IS - 1932-6203 (Electronic) IS - 1932-6203 (Linking) VI - 8 IP - 8 DP - 2013 TI - Persistent infection of human fetal endothelial cells with rubella virus. PG - e73014 LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0073014 [doi] LID - e73014 AB - Cardiovascular abnormalities are the leading cause of neonatal death among patients with congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). Although persistence of rubella virus (RV) in fetal endothelium has been repeatedly suggested as a possible cause of cardiovascular birth defects, evidence of the permissiveness of fetal endothelial cells to RV is lacking. In this study we evaluated the ability of RV to infect and persist in primary fetal endothelial cells derived from human umbilical vein (HUVEC). We found that wild type (wt) low passage clinical RV productively infected HUVEC cultures without producing cytopathology or ultrastructural changes. RV did not inhibit host cell protein synthesis, cell proliferation, or interfere with the cell cycle. Persistently infected cultures were easily established at low and high multiplicities of infection (MOI) with both laboratory and wt clinical RV strains. However, synchronous infections of entire HUVEC monolayers were only observed with clinical RV strains. The release of infectious virions into media remained at consistently high levels for several subcultures of infected HUVEC. The results indicate that macrovascular fetal endothelial cells are highly permissive to RV and allow slow persistent RV replication. The findings provide more evidence for the suggestion that vascular pathologies in CRS are triggered by persistent rubella virus infection of the endothelium. FAU - Perelygina, Ludmila AU - Perelygina L AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America. FAU - Zheng, Qi AU - Zheng Q FAU - Metcalfe, Maureen AU - Metcalfe M FAU - Icenogle, Joseph AU - Icenogle J LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. DEP - 20130805 TA - PLoS One JT - PloS one JID - 101285081 SB - IM MH - Cell Proliferation MH - Cells, Cultured MH - Endothelial Cells/physiology/*virology MH - Fetus/cytology/*virology MH - Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/physiology/virology MH - Humans MH - Protein Biosynthesis MH - Rubella Syndrome, Congenital/pathology/*virology MH - Rubella virus/isolation & purification/*physiology MH - Virus Replication/physiology PMC - PMC3734309 COIS- Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. EDAT- 2013/08/14 06:00 MHDA- 2014/04/15 06:00 CRDT- 2013/08/14 06:00 PHST- 2013/04/05 00:00 [received] PHST- 2013/07/16 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2013/08/14 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2013/08/14 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2014/04/15 06:00 [medline] AID - PONE-D-13-14019 [pii] AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0073014 [doi] PST - epublish SO - PLoS One. 2013 Aug 5;8(8):e73014. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073014. Print 2013. PMID- 22491463 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20120809 LR - 20211021 IS - 1098-5514 (Electronic) IS - 0022-538X (Print) IS - 0022-538X (Linking) VI - 86 IP - 12 DP - 2012 Jun TI - Determinants in the maturation of rubella virus p200 replicase polyprotein precursor. PG - 6457-69 LID - 10.1128/JVI.06132-11 [doi] AB - Rubella virus (RUBV), a positive-strand RNA virus, replicates its RNA within membrane-associated replication complexes (RCs) in the cytoplasm of infected cells. RNA synthesis is mediated by the nonstructural proteins (NSPs) P200 and its cleavage products, P150 and P90 (N and C terminal within P200, respectively), which are processed by a protease residing at the C terminus of P150. In this study of NSP maturation, we found that early NSP localization into foci appeared to target the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum. During maturation, P150 and P90 likely interact within the context of P200 and remain in a complex after cleavage. We found that P150-P90 interactions were blocked by mutational disruption of an alpha helix at the N terminus (amino acids [aa] 36 to 49) of P200 and that these mutations also had an effect on NSP targeting, processing, and membrane association. While the P150-P90 interaction also required residues 1700 to 1900 within P90, focus formation required the entire RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (aa 1700 to 2116). Surprisingly, the RUBV capsid protein (CP) rescued RNA synthesis by several alanine-scanning mutations in the N-terminal alpha helix, and packaged replicon assays showed that rescue could be mediated by CP in the virus particle. We hypothesize that CP rescues these mutations as well as internal deletions of the Q domain within P150 and mutations in the 5' and 3' cis-acting elements in the genomic RNA by chaperoning the maturation of P200. CP's ability to properly target the otherwise aggregated plasmid-expressed P200 provides support for this hypothesis. FAU - Matthews, Jason D AU - Matthews JD AD - Georgia State University, Biology Department, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. FAU - Tzeng, Wen-Pin AU - Tzeng WP FAU - Frey, Teryl K AU - Frey TK LA - eng GR - R21 AI073799/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States GR - AI73799/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural DEP - 20120404 TA - J Virol JT - Journal of virology JID - 0113724 RN - 0 (Polyproteins) RN - 0 (Protein Precursors) RN - 0 (Viral Proteins) RN - EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase) SB - IM MH - Amino Acid Motifs MH - Amino Acid Sequence MH - Humans MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - Polyproteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism MH - Protein Precursors/chemistry/genetics/metabolism MH - Protein Processing, Post-Translational MH - Protein Transport MH - RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism MH - Rubella/*virology MH - Rubella virus/chemistry/*enzymology/genetics MH - Sequence Alignment MH - Viral Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism PMC - PMC3393564 EDAT- 2012/04/12 06:00 MHDA- 2012/08/10 06:00 CRDT- 2012/04/12 06:00 PHST- 2012/04/12 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2012/04/12 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2012/08/10 06:00 [medline] AID - JVI.06132-11 [pii] AID - 06132-11 [pii] AID - 10.1128/JVI.06132-11 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Virol. 2012 Jun;86(12):6457-69. doi: 10.1128/JVI.06132-11. Epub 2012 Apr 4. PMID- 33806778 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20210413 IS - 2076-2607 (Print) IS - 2076-2607 (Electronic) IS - 2076-2607 (Linking) VI - 9 IP - 3 DP - 2021 Mar 23 TI - The Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition-Like Process Induced by TGF-β1 Enhances Rubella Virus Binding and Infection in A549 Cells via the Smad Pathway. LID - 10.3390/microorganisms9030662 [doi] LID - 662 AB - Virus-host cell interactions in rubella virus (RuV) are of great interest in current research in the field, as their mechanism is not yet well understood. By hypothesizing that the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) may play a role in RuV infection, this study aimed to investigate the influence of TGF-β1-induced EMT of human lung epithelial A549 cells on the infectivity of RuV. A549 cells were cultured and treated with TGF-β1 for 1 to 2 days prior to virus infection (with a clinical strain). Viral infectivity was determined by flow cytometry analysis of cells harvested at 24 and 48 h post-infection (hpi) and by titration of supernatants collected at 48 hpi. The results showed that the percentages of the TGF-β1-treated A549 cells that were positive for RuV were at least twofold higher than those of the control, and the viral progeny titers in the supernatants collected at 48 hpi were significantly higher in the treatment group than in the control group. In addition, the virus binding assay showed a strong increase (more than threefold) in the percentages of RuV-positive cells, as determined by flow cytometry analysis and further confirmed by real-time PCR. Such an enhancement effect on RuV infectivity was abolished using LY364947 or SB431542, inhibitors of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. The findings suggest that the TGF-β1-induced EMT-like process enhances RuV binding and infection in A549 cells via the Smad pathway. Further studies are necessary to identify possible proteins that facilitate viral binding and entry into treated cells. FAU - Pham, Ngan Thi Kim AU - Pham NTK AD - Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan. FAU - Trinh, Quang Duy AU - Trinh QD AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5610-1570 AD - Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan. FAU - Takada, Kazuhide AU - Takada K AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9826-0243 AD - Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan. FAU - Takano, Chika AU - Takano C AD - Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan. FAU - Sasano, Mari AU - Sasano M AD - Department of Neurological Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan. FAU - Okitsu, Shoko AU - Okitsu S AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2206-282X AD - Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan. FAU - Ushijima, Hiroshi AU - Ushijima H AD - Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan. FAU - Komine-Aizawa, Shihoko AU - Komine-Aizawa S AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9417-0315 AD - Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan. FAU - Hayakawa, Satoshi AU - Hayakawa S AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1022-1443 AD - Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan. LA - eng GR - 20K08829/Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ PT - Journal Article DEP - 20210323 TA - Microorganisms JT - Microorganisms JID - 101625893 PMC - PMC8004957 OTO - NOTNLM OT - EMT OT - TGF-β1 OT - cytometric analysis OT - infection OT - lung OT - rubella OT - smad OT - virus binding COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. EDAT- 2021/04/04 06:00 MHDA- 2021/04/04 06:01 CRDT- 2021/04/03 01:24 PHST- 2021/02/08 00:00 [received] PHST- 2021/03/11 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2021/03/17 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2021/04/03 01:24 [entrez] PHST- 2021/04/04 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/04/04 06:01 [medline] AID - microorganisms9030662 [pii] AID - microorganisms-09-00662 [pii] AID - 10.3390/microorganisms9030662 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Microorganisms. 2021 Mar 23;9(3):662. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9030662. PMID- 22322905 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20120622 LR - 20120430 IS - 1432-8798 (Electronic) IS - 0304-8608 (Linking) VI - 157 IP - 5 DP - 2012 May TI - Analysis of base and codon usage by rubella virus. PG - 889-99 LID - 10.1007/s00705-012-1243-9 [doi] AB - Rubella virus (RUBV), a small, plus-strand RNA virus that is an important human pathogen, has the unique feature that the GC content of its genome (70%) is the highest (by 20%) among RNA viruses. To determine the effect of this GC content on genomic evolution, base and codon usage were analyzed across viruses from eight diverse genotypes of RUBV. Despite differences in frequency of codon use, the favored codons in the RUBV genome matched those in the human genome for 18 of the 20 amino acids, indicating adaptation to the host. Although usage patterns were conserved in corresponding genes in the diverse genotypes, within-genome comparison revealed that both base and codon usages varied regionally, particularly in the hypervariable region (HVR) of the P150 replicase gene. While directional mutation pressure was predominant in determining base and codon usage within most of the genome (with the strongest tendency being towards C's at third codon positions), natural selection was predominant in the HVR region. The GC content of this region was the highest in the genome (>80%), and it was not clear if selection at the nucleotide level accompanied selection at the amino acid level. Dinucleotide frequency analysis of the RUBV genome revealed that TpA usage was lower than expected, similar to mammalian genes; however, CpG usage was not suppressed, and TpG usage was not enhanced, as is the case in mammalian genes. FAU - Zhou, Yumei AU - Zhou Y AD - Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA. FAU - Chen, Xianfeng AU - Chen X FAU - Ushijima, Hiroshi AU - Ushijima H FAU - Frey, Teryl K AU - Frey TK LA - eng GR - AI21389/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural DEP - 20120210 PL - Austria TA - Arch Virol JT - Archives of virology JID - 7506870 RN - 0 (Codon) SB - IM MH - Base Composition MH - Base Sequence MH - *Codon MH - Evolution, Molecular MH - *Genome, Viral MH - Humans MH - Rubella/virology MH - Rubella virus/chemistry/*genetics/isolation & purification EDAT- 2012/02/11 06:00 MHDA- 2012/06/23 06:00 CRDT- 2012/02/11 06:00 PHST- 2011/11/17 00:00 [received] PHST- 2011/12/24 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2012/02/11 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2012/02/11 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2012/06/23 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.1007/s00705-012-1243-9 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Arch Virol. 2012 May;157(5):889-99. doi: 10.1007/s00705-012-1243-9. Epub 2012 Feb 10. PMID- 23113357 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20130215 LR - 20121101 IS - 0026-8984 (Print) IS - 0026-8984 (Linking) VI - 46 IP - 4 DP - 2012 Jul-Aug TI - [Molecular-biological properties of the rubella virus strains isolated in St. Petersburg]. PG - 672-6 AB - In the surveillance of rubella in the northwest region of Russia samples of nasopharyngeal swabs from 37 patients with rubella, which were treated in the 442nd district military hospital named after Z.P. Solovyov in autumn 2007 were screened for the rubella virus using RK-13 cell line, 22 strains of rubella virus were isolated. Gene sequencing of E1 region of rubella virus isolates was carried out. Rubella virus strains isolated in St. Petersburg during the 2007 outbreak belonged to rubella virus genotype 1E. The morphogenesis of RK-13 cells with formation of replication complexes and enveloped virions of rubella virus was shown. FAU - Buzitskaia, Zh V AU - Buzitskaia ZhV FAU - Sirotkin, A K AU - Sirotkin AK FAU - Gudkova, T M AU - Gudkova TM FAU - Prochukhanova, A P AU - Prochukhanova AP FAU - Karpov, A V AU - Karpov AV FAU - Tsybalova, L M AU - Tsybalova LM FAU - Kiselev, O I AU - Kiselev OI LA - rus PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article PL - Russia (Federation) TA - Mol Biol (Mosk) JT - Molekuliarnaia biologiia JID - 0105454 RN - 0 (Viral Envelope Proteins) RN - 131016-01-8 (E1 envelope protein, Rubella virus) SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Animals MH - Cell Line MH - Disease Outbreaks MH - Epithelial Cells/pathology/*virology MH - Hospitals, Military MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Nasopharynx/*pathology/virology MH - Phylogeny MH - Polymerase Chain Reaction MH - Rabbits MH - Rubella/*diagnosis/epidemiology MH - Rubella virus/classification/*genetics/isolation & purification MH - Russia/epidemiology MH - Viral Envelope Proteins/*genetics/metabolism MH - Young Adult EDAT- 2012/11/02 06:00 MHDA- 2013/02/16 06:00 CRDT- 2012/11/02 06:00 PHST- 2012/11/02 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2012/11/02 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2013/02/16 06:00 [medline] PST - ppublish SO - Mol Biol (Mosk). 2012 Jul-Aug;46(4):672-6. PMID- 21513745 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20110823 LR - 20191210 IS - 1879-0984 (Electronic) IS - 0166-0934 (Linking) VI - 174 IP - 1-2 DP - 2011 Jun TI - Diagnosis of recent primary rubella virus infections: significance of glycoprotein-based IgM serology, IgG avidity and immunoblot analysis. PG - 85-93 LID - 10.1016/j.jviromet.2011.04.001 [doi] AB - Reliable serodiagnosis of rubella virus (RV) infections requires discrimination of specific IgM induced by primary rubella from persistent, reactivated or non-specific IgM reactivity. Sera from 130 pregnant women with recent or past RV infection/vaccination, persistent IgM or negative rubella serology, 26 patients with other acute infections and 5 patients with rheumatoid factor-positivity were analyzed for RV-specific IgM by ELISA coated with whole-virus lysate or native glycoprotein, followed by determination of IgG avidity and E2-specific IgG using lysate-coated ELISA and non-reducing immunoblot. Compared to a reference μ-capture IgM ELISA, the sensitivity for diagnosing recent rubella infection/vaccination was 90.0% and 100% for the lysate-based and glycoprotein-based IgM ELISA, respectively. With respect to women with past RV infections or negative histories of RV infection/vaccination, both assays were 97.5-100% specific, whereas for patients with other acute infections the glycoprotein substrate provided a specificity of 92.3% compared to only 80.8% using whole-virus antigen. Analyzing anti-RV IgG avidity and anti-E2 IgG reactivity allowed the time point of primary infection to be determined unambiguously in >86% of samples. In conclusion, using RV glycoprotein antigen improves the specificity of indirect IgM ELISA. In cases of RV-specific IgM reactivity, recent primary rubella infection can be confirmed or excluded efficiently by specific IgG avidity and immunoblot analysis. CI - Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. FAU - Wandinger, Klaus-Peter AU - Wandinger KP AD - Institute of Experimental Immunology, Affiliated to EUROIMMUN AG, Seekamp 31, D-23560 Luebeck, Germany. FAU - Saschenbrecker, Sandra AU - Saschenbrecker S FAU - Steinhagen, Katja AU - Steinhagen K FAU - Scheper, Thomas AU - Scheper T FAU - Meyer, Wolfgang AU - Meyer W FAU - Bartelt, Uwe AU - Bartelt U FAU - Enders, Gisela AU - Enders G LA - eng PT - Evaluation Study PT - Journal Article DEP - 20110413 PL - Netherlands TA - J Virol Methods JT - Journal of virological methods JID - 8005839 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Glycoproteins) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin G) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin M) RN - 0 (Viral Structural Proteins) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Antibodies, Viral/*blood MH - Antibody Affinity MH - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods MH - Female MH - Glycoproteins/immunology MH - Humans MH - Immunoblotting/methods MH - Immunoglobulin G/*blood MH - Immunoglobulin M/*blood MH - Middle Aged MH - Pregnancy MH - Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/*diagnosis/immunology MH - Rubella/*diagnosis/immunology MH - Rubella virus/*immunology MH - Sensitivity and Specificity MH - Serology/methods MH - Viral Structural Proteins/immunology MH - Virology/*methods EDAT- 2011/04/26 06:00 MHDA- 2011/08/24 06:00 CRDT- 2011/04/26 06:00 PHST- 2010/11/22 00:00 [received] PHST- 2011/03/15 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2011/04/05 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2011/04/26 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2011/04/26 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2011/08/24 06:00 [medline] AID - S0166-0934(11)00139-X [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.jviromet.2011.04.001 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Virol Methods. 2011 Jun;174(1-2):85-93. doi: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2011.04.001. Epub 2011 Apr 13. PMID- 29557985 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20180501 LR - 20181114 IS - 1678-9946 (Electronic) IS - 0036-4665 (Print) IS - 0036-4665 (Linking) VI - 60 DP - 2018 TI - Isolation of infectious Zika virus from a urine sample cultured in SIRC cells from a patient suspected of having rubella virus. PG - e15 LID - S0036-46652018005000502 [pii] LID - 10.1590/s1678-9946201860015 [doi] LID - e15 AB - A great variety of viruses which cause exanthema share other clinical manifestations, making the etiologic identification a very difficult task, relying exclusively on the clinical examination. Rubella virus (RV) infection during the early stages of pregnancy can lead to serious birth defects, known as congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). In the present report, we described the presence of Zika virus (ZIKV) particles in urine samples and also ZIKV isolation in SIRC cells from the urine of a patient in acute phase of suspected rubella disease. The 50-year-old unvaccinated woman living in Sao Paulo, Brazil, was admitted to the emergency room with fever, headache, rash, arthralgia and prostration. Urine samples were collected for virus isolation and RT-qPCR. SIRC and Vero cells were inoculated with urine samples during 7 days. RT-qPCR was performed using measles virus (MV) and RV primers and both were found to be negative. After this result, RT-qPCR was performed for parvovirus B19, herpes virus 6 and ZIKV. The urine sample and the isolate were positive by Real Time PCR for ZIKV and negative for all other viruses tested. The sequences isolated are from the Asiatic lineage. FAU - Oliveira, Maria Isabel de AU - Oliveira MI AD - Núcleo de Doenças Respiratórias, Centro de Virologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. FAU - Namiyama, Gislene Mitsue AU - Namiyama GM AD - Núcleo de Microscopia Eletrônica, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. FAU - Cabral, Gabriela Bastos AU - Cabral GB AD - Núcleo de Doenças de Vinculação Sexual e Sanguínea, Centro de Virologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. FAU - Ferreira, João Leandro AU - Ferreira JL AD - Núcleo de Doenças de Vinculação Sexual e Sanguínea, Centro de Virologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. FAU - Taniwaki, Noemi AU - Taniwaki N AD - Núcleo de Microscopia Eletrônica, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. FAU - Afonso, Ana Maria Sardinha AU - Afonso AMS AD - Núcleo de Doenças Respiratórias, Centro de Virologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. FAU - Lima, Isabella Rillo AU - Lima IR AD - Núcleo de Doenças Respiratórias, Centro de Virologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. FAU - Brigido, Luís Fernando Macedo de AU - Brigido LFM AD - Núcleo de Doenças de Vinculação Sexual e Sanguínea, Centro de Virologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. LA - eng PT - Case Reports PT - Journal Article DEP - 20180308 TA - Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo JT - Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo JID - 7507484 RN - 0 (Culture Media) SB - IM MH - Brazil MH - Cells, Cultured MH - Culture Media MH - Diagnosis, Differential MH - Female MH - Genotype MH - Humans MH - Middle Aged MH - Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction MH - Rubella/*diagnosis MH - Zika Virus/*isolation & purification MH - Zika Virus Infection/diagnosis/*urine/virology PMC - PMC5962088 COIS- In memory of Cristina Adelaide Figueiredo(1) CONFLICT OF INTERESTS None declared. EDAT- 2018/03/21 06:00 MHDA- 2018/05/02 06:00 CRDT- 2018/03/21 06:00 PHST- 2017/09/01 00:00 [received] PHST- 2018/02/07 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2018/03/21 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2018/03/21 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2018/05/02 06:00 [medline] AID - S0036-46652018005000502 [pii] AID - 10.1590/s1678-9946201860015 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 2018;60:e15. doi: 10.1590/s1678-9946201860015. Epub 2018 Mar 8. PMID- 16963762 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20061026 LR - 20201006 IS - 0022-1317 (Print) IS - 0022-1317 (Linking) VI - 87 IP - Pt 10 DP - 2006 Oct TI - Rubella virus pseudotypes and a cell-cell fusion assay as tools for functional analysis of the rubella virus E2 and E1 envelope glycoproteins. PG - 3029-3037 LID - 10.1099/vir.0.82035-0 [doi] AB - The rubivirus Rubella virus contains the two envelope glycoproteins E2 and E1 as a heterodimeric spike complex embedded in its lipid envelope. The functions of both proteins, especially of E2, in the process of viral entry are still not entirely understood. In order to dissect E2 and E1 entry functions from post-entry steps, pseudotypes of lentiviral vectors based on Simian immunodeficiency virus were used. C-terminally modified E2 and E1 variants successfully pseudotyped lentiviral vector particles. This is the first report to show that not only E1, but also E2, is able to mediate infectious viral entry. Furthermore, a cell-cell fusion assay was used to further clarify membrane-fusion activities of E2 and E1 as one of the early steps of infection. It was demonstrated that the capsid protein, when coexpressed in cis, enhances the degree of E2- and E1-mediated cell-cell fusion. FAU - Claus, Claudia AU - Claus C AD - Institute of Virology, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. FAU - Hofmann, Jörg AU - Hofmann J AD - Institute of Virology, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. FAU - Überla, Klaus AU - Überla K AD - Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany. FAU - Liebert, U G AU - Liebert UG AD - Institute of Virology, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PL - England TA - J Gen Virol JT - The Journal of general virology JID - 0077340 RN - 0 (Viral Envelope Proteins) RN - 131016-01-8 (E1 envelope protein, Rubella virus) RN - 131016-03-0 (E2 envelope protein, Rubella virus) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Biological Assay/*methods MH - Cell Fusion MH - Cell Line MH - Cell Membrane/metabolism MH - Cricetinae MH - Gene Expression Regulation, Viral MH - Humans MH - Rubella virus/*metabolism MH - Viral Envelope Proteins/*metabolism EDAT- 2006/09/12 09:00 MHDA- 2006/10/27 09:00 CRDT- 2006/09/12 09:00 PHST- 2006/09/12 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2006/10/27 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2006/09/12 09:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1099/vir.0.82035-0 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Gen Virol. 2006 Oct;87(Pt 10):3029-3037. doi: 10.1099/vir.0.82035-0. PMID- 31484751 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20200720 LR - 20201210 IS - 1098-5514 (Electronic) IS - 0022-538X (Print) IS - 0022-538X (Linking) VI - 93 IP - 22 DP - 2019 Nov 15 TI - Heat Shock Protein 90 Ensures the Integrity of Rubella Virus p150 Protein and Supports Viral Replication. LID - 10.1128/JVI.01142-19 [doi] LID - e01142-19 AB - Two viral nonstructural proteins, p150 and p90, are expressed in rubella virus (RUBV)-infected cells and mediate viral genome replication, presumably using various host machineries. Molecular chaperones are critical host factors for the maintenance of cellular proteostasis, and certain viral proteins use this chaperone system. The RUBV p150 and p90 proteins are generated from a precursor polyprotein, p200, via processing by the protease activity of its p150 region. This processing is essential for RUBV genome replication. Here we show that heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), a molecular chaperone, is an important host factor for RUBV genome replication. The treatment of RUBV-infected cells with the HSP90 inhibitors 17-allylamino-17-desmethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG) and ganetespib suppressed RUBV genome replication. HSP90α physically interacted with p150, but not p90. Further analyses into the mechanism of action of the HSP90 inhibitors revealed that HSP90 activity contributes to p150 functional integrity and promotes p200 processing. Collectively, our data demonstrate that RUBV p150 is a client of the HSP90 molecular chaperone and that HSP90 functions as a key host factor for RUBV replication.IMPORTANCE Accumulating evidence indicates that RNA viruses use numerous host factors during replication of their genomes. However, the host factors involved in rubella virus (RUBV) genome replication are largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that the HSP90 molecular chaperone is needed for the efficient replication of the RUBV genome. Further, we reveal that HSP90 interacts with RUBV nonstructural protein p150 and its precursor polyprotein, p200. HSP90 contributes to the stability of p150 and the processing of p200 via its protease domain in the p150 region. We conclude that the cellular molecular chaperone HSP90 is a key host factor for functional maturation of nonstructural proteins for RUBV genome replication. These findings provide novel insight into this host-virus interaction. CI - Copyright © 2019 American Society for Microbiology. FAU - Sakata, Masafumi AU - Sakata M AD - Department of Virology 3, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan msakata@nih.go.jp. FAU - Katoh, Hiroshi AU - Katoh H AD - Department of Virology 3, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan. FAU - Otsuki, Noriyuki AU - Otsuki N AD - Department of Virology 3, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan. FAU - Okamoto, Kiyoko AU - Okamoto K AD - Department of Virology 3, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan. FAU - Nakatsu, Yuichiro AU - Nakatsu Y AD - Department of Virology 3, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan. FAU - Lim, Chang-Kweng AU - Lim CK AD - Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan. FAU - Saijo, Masayuki AU - Saijo M AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5458-7298 AD - Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan. FAU - Takeda, Makoto AU - Takeda M AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8194-7727 AD - Department of Virology 3, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan. FAU - Mori, Yoshio AU - Mori Y AD - Department of Virology 3, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20191029 TA - J Virol JT - Journal of virology JID - 0113724 RN - 0 (HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins) RN - 0 (Molecular Chaperones) RN - 0 (RNA, Viral) RN - 0 (Viral Nonstructural Proteins) RN - EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase) SB - IM MH - A549 Cells MH - Animals MH - Cell Line MH - Chlorocebus aethiops MH - HEK293 Cells MH - HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins/*metabolism/physiology MH - Humans MH - Molecular Chaperones/metabolism MH - Proteolysis MH - RNA, Viral/genetics MH - RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase/genetics MH - Rubella/virology MH - Rubella virus/*metabolism MH - Vero Cells MH - Viral Nonstructural Proteins/genetics/*metabolism MH - Virus Replication/genetics/physiology PMC - PMC6819934 OTO - NOTNLM OT - *HSP90 OT - *Matonaviridae OT - *Togaviridae OT - *alphavirus OT - *genome replication OT - *host factor OT - *rubella virus EDAT- 2019/09/06 06:00 MHDA- 2020/07/21 06:00 CRDT- 2019/09/06 06:00 PHST- 2019/07/13 00:00 [received] PHST- 2019/08/21 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2019/09/06 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/07/21 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2019/09/06 06:00 [entrez] AID - JVI.01142-19 [pii] AID - 01142-19 [pii] AID - 10.1128/JVI.01142-19 [doi] PST - epublish SO - J Virol. 2019 Oct 29;93(22):e01142-19. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01142-19. Print 2019 Nov 15. PMID- 16571813 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20060424 LR - 20191210 IS - 0022-538X (Print) IS - 1098-5514 (Electronic) IS - 0022-538X (Linking) VI - 80 IP - 8 DP - 2006 Apr TI - Analysis of rubella virus capsid protein-mediated enhancement of replicon replication and mutant rescue. PG - 3966-74 AB - The rubella virus capsid protein (C) has been shown to complement a lethal deletion (termed deltaNotI) in P150 replicase protein. To investigate this phenomenon, we generated two lines of Vero cells that stably expressed either C (C-Vero cells) or C lacking the eight N-terminal residues (Cdelta8-Vero cells), a construct previously shown to be unable to complement DeltaNotI. In C-Vero cells but not Vero or Cdelta8-Vero cells, replication of a wild-type (wt) replicon expressing the green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter gene (RUBrep/GFP) was enhanced, and replication of a replicon with deltaNotI (RUBrep/GFP-deltaNotI) was rescued. Surprisingly, replicons with deleterious mutations in the 5' and 3' cis-acting elements were also rescued in C-Vero cells. Interestingly, the Cdelta8 construct localized to the nucleus while the C construct localized in the cytoplasm, explaining the lack of enhancement and rescue in Cdelta8-Vero cells since rubella virus replication occurs in the cytoplasm. Enhancement and rescue in C-Vero cells were at a basic step in the replication cycle, resulting in a substantial increase in the accumulation of replicon-specific RNAs. There was no difference in translation of the nonstructural proteins in C-Vero and Vero cells transfected with the wt and mutant replicons, demonstrating that enhancement and rescue were not due to an increase in the efficiency of translation of the transfected replicon transcripts. In replicon-transfected C-Vero cells, C and the P150 replicase protein associated by coimmunoprecipitation, suggesting that C might play a role in RNA replication, which could explain the enhancement and rescue phenomena. A unifying model that accounts for enhancement of wt replicon replication and rescue of diverse mutations by the rubella virus C protein is proposed. FAU - Tzeng, Wen-Pin AU - Tzeng WP AD - Department of Biology, Georgia State University, 24 Peachtree Center Ave., Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA. FAU - Matthews, Jason D AU - Matthews JD FAU - Frey, Teryl K AU - Frey TK LA - eng GR - R01 AI021389/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States GR - AI-21389/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural TA - J Virol JT - Journal of virology JID - 0113724 RN - 0 (5' Untranslated Regions) RN - 0 (Capsid Proteins) RN - 0 (RNA, Viral) SB - IM MH - 5' Untranslated Regions/genetics MH - Animals MH - Capsid Proteins/*physiology MH - Chlorocebus aethiops MH - Mutation MH - Protein Biosynthesis MH - RNA, Viral/*biosynthesis MH - *Replicon MH - Rubella virus/*genetics MH - Vero Cells PMC - PMC1440428 EDAT- 2006/03/31 09:00 MHDA- 2006/04/25 09:00 CRDT- 2006/03/31 09:00 PHST- 2006/03/31 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2006/04/25 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2006/03/31 09:00 [entrez] AID - 80/8/3966 [pii] AID - 1954-05 [pii] AID - 10.1128/JVI.80.8.3966-3974.2006 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Virol. 2006 Apr;80(8):3966-74. doi: 10.1128/JVI.80.8.3966-3974.2006. PMID- 12919732 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20030924 LR - 20200405 IS - 0042-6822 (Print) IS - 1096-0341 (Electronic) IS - 0042-6822 (Linking) VI - 312 IP - 2 DP - 2003 Aug 1 TI - Structural maturation of rubella virus in the Golgi complex. PG - 261-9 AB - Rubella virus is a small enveloped virus that assembles in association with Golgi membranes. Freeze-substitution electron microscopy of rubella virus-infected cells revealed a previously unrecognized virion polymorphism inside the Golgi stacks: homogeneously dense particles without a defined core coexisting with less dense, mature virions that contained assembled cores. The homogeneous particles appear to be a precursor form during the virion morphogenesis process as the forms with mature morphology were the only ones detected inside secretory vesicles and on the exterior of cells. In mature virions potential remnants of C protein membrane insertion were visualized as dense strips connecting the envelope with the internal core. In infected cells Golgi stacks were frequently seen close to cytopathic vacuoles, structures identified as the sites for viral RNA replication, along with the rough endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. These associations could facilitate the transfer of viral genomes from the cytopathic vacuoles to the areas of rubella assembly in Golgi membranes. FAU - Risco, Cristina AU - Risco C AD - Department of Structure of Macromolecules, Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus Universidad Autónoma, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain. crisco@cnb.uam.es FAU - Carrascosa, José L AU - Carrascosa JL FAU - Frey, Teryl K AU - Frey TK LA - eng GR - R01 AI021389/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States GR - AI-21389/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. TA - Virology JT - Virology JID - 0110674 SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Cell Line MH - Chlorocebus aethiops MH - Cricetinae MH - Golgi Apparatus/ultrastructure/*virology MH - Humans MH - Rubella virus/chemistry/*growth & development/ultrastructure MH - Vero Cells MH - *Virus Assembly PMC - PMC7119121 EDAT- 2003/08/16 05:00 MHDA- 2003/09/25 05:00 CRDT- 2003/08/16 05:00 PHST- 2003/08/16 05:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2003/09/25 05:00 [medline] PHST- 2003/08/16 05:00 [entrez] AID - S0042682203003842 [pii] AID - S0042-6822(03)00384-2 [pii] AID - 10.1016/s0042-6822(03)00384-2 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Virology. 2003 Aug 1;312(2):261-9. doi: 10.1016/s0042-6822(03)00384-2. PMID- 30994178 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20190612 LR - 20190613 IS - 1121-7138 (Print) IS - 1121-7138 (Linking) VI - 42 IP - 2 DP - 2019 Apr TI - Comparison of the LIAISON®XL and ARCHITECT IgG, IgM, and IgG avidity assays for the diagnosis of Toxoplasma, cytomegalovirus, and rubella virus infections. PG - 88-93 AB - This study compared the performance of the LIAISON®XL system of immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgM immunoassays for the diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii, cytomegalovirus (CMV), and rubella virus infections with that of the ARCHITECT system. Patient serum samples, previously screened and clinically diagnosed with T. gondii, CMV or rubella, were used to compare LIAISON®XL and ARCHITECT IgG and IgM immunoassays. LIAISON®XL Toxo and CMV IgG avidity assays were also compared with equivalent ARCHITECT assays and reference methods. Overall agreement between the LIAISON®XL and ARCHITECT assays was 99% and 92% for the Toxo IgG and IgM assays, respectively, 98% and 96% for the CMV IgG and IgM assays, respectively, and 93% and 98% for the rubella virus IgG and IgM assays, respectively. LIAISON®XL IgG Toxo and CMV avidity assays showed high concordance with the VIDAS® Toxo IgG avidity assay and an in-house CMV avidity assay (reference methods), and faster IgG avidity maturation in a larger number of samples collected months after the primary infection compared with equivalent ARCHITECT assays. LIAISON®XL assays for detection of anti-T. gondii, CMV and rubella virus IgG and IgM are at least equal to the competitor assays on the ARCHITECT platform. FAU - Genco, Francesca AU - Genco F AD - SC Microbiologia e Virologia Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Pavia, Italy. FAU - Sarasini, Antonella AU - Sarasini A AD - SC Microbiologia e Virologia Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Pavia, Italy. FAU - Parea, Maurizio AU - Parea M AD - SC Microbiologia e Virologia Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Pavia, Italy. FAU - Prestia, Martina AU - Prestia M AD - Servizio di biometria e statistica Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Pavia, Italy. FAU - Scudeller, Luigia AU - Scudeller L AD - Servizio di biometria e statistica Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Pavia, Italy. FAU - Meroni, Valeria AU - Meroni V AD - SC Microbiologia e Virologia Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Pavia, Italy. AD - Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Terapia Medica Università degli Studi di Pavia, Italy. LA - eng PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article DEP - 20190417 PL - Italy TA - New Microbiol JT - The new microbiologica JID - 9516291 RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin G) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin M) SB - IM MH - *Cytomegalovirus Infections/blood/diagnosis MH - Humans MH - *Immunoassay/standards MH - Immunoglobulin G/*blood MH - Immunoglobulin M/*blood MH - *Rubella/blood/diagnosis MH - *Toxoplasmosis/blood/diagnosis OTO - NOTNLM OT - ARCHITECT assays OT - LIAISON® XL assays OT - Prenatal screening OT - Toxoplasma gondii OT - cytomegalovirus OT - rubella virus EDAT- 2019/04/18 06:00 MHDA- 2019/06/14 06:00 CRDT- 2019/04/18 06:00 PHST- 2019/06/04 00:00 [received] PHST- 2019/06/04 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2019/04/18 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2019/06/14 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2019/04/18 06:00 [entrez] AID - 496N051 [pii] PST - ppublish SO - New Microbiol. 2019 Apr;42(2):88-93. Epub 2019 Apr 17. PMID- 15047844 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20040506 LR - 20191210 IS - 0022-538X (Print) IS - 1098-5514 (Electronic) IS - 0022-538X (Linking) VI - 78 IP - 8 DP - 2004 Apr TI - Rubella virus capsid protein modulates viral genome replication and virus infectivity. PG - 4314-22 AB - The structural proteins (SP) of the Togaviridae can be deleted in defective interfering RNAs. The dispensability of viral SP has allowed construction of noninfectious viral expression vectors and replicons from viruses of the Alphavirus and Rubivirus genera. Nevertheless, in this study, we found that the SP of rubella virus (RUB) could enhance expression of reporter genes from RUB replicons in trans. SP enhancement required capsid protein (CP) expression and was not due to RNA-RNA recombination. Accumulation of minus- and plus-strand RNAs from replicons was observed in the presence of SP, suggesting that SP specifically affects RNA synthesis. By using replicons containing an antibiotic resistance gene, we found 2- to 50-fold increases in the number of cells surviving selection in the presence of SP. The increases depended significantly on the amount of transfected RNA. Small amounts of RNA or templates that replicated inefficiently showed more enhancement. The infectivity of infectious RNA was increased by at least 10-fold in cells expressing CP. Moreover, virus infectivity was greatly enhanced in such cells. In other cells that expressed higher levels of CP, RNA replication of replicons was inhibited. Thus, depending on conditions, CP can markedly enhance or inhibit RUB RNA replication. FAU - Chen, Min-Hsin AU - Chen MH AD - Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. FAU - Icenogle, Joseph P AU - Icenogle JP LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. TA - J Virol JT - Journal of virology JID - 0113724 RN - 0 (Capsid Proteins) RN - 0 (Luminescent Proteins) RN - 0 (RNA, Viral) RN - 0 (Recombinant Proteins) RN - 0 (Viral Structural Proteins) RN - 147336-22-9 (Green Fluorescent Proteins) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Base Sequence MH - Capsid Proteins/*genetics/*physiology MH - Cell Line MH - Chlorocebus aethiops MH - Cricetinae MH - Gene Expression MH - Genes, Reporter MH - Genome, Viral MH - Green Fluorescent Proteins MH - Luminescent Proteins/genetics MH - Mutation MH - RNA, Viral/genetics MH - Recombinant Proteins/genetics MH - Replicon MH - Rubella virus/*genetics/pathogenicity/*physiology MH - Transfection MH - Vero Cells MH - Viral Structural Proteins/genetics/physiology MH - Virulence/genetics/physiology MH - Virus Replication/genetics/physiology PMC - PMC374250 EDAT- 2004/03/30 05:00 MHDA- 2004/05/07 05:00 CRDT- 2004/03/30 05:00 PHST- 2004/03/30 05:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2004/05/07 05:00 [medline] PHST- 2004/03/30 05:00 [entrez] AID - 1294 [pii] AID - 10.1128/jvi.78.8.4314-4322.2004 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Virol. 2004 Apr;78(8):4314-22. doi: 10.1128/jvi.78.8.4314-4322.2004. PMID- 26837541 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20161013 LR - 20181113 IS - 1743-422X (Electronic) IS - 1743-422X (Linking) VI - 13 DP - 2016 Feb 2 TI - Gene expression profiling of rubella virus infected primary endothelial cells of fetal and adult origin. PG - 21 LID - 10.1186/s12985-016-0475-9 [doi] LID - 21 AB - BACKGROUND: Rubella virus (RV) infection is usually a mild illness in children and adults. However, maternal infection during the first trimester of pregnancy can lead to congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) in the infant. Fetuses with CRS show damage to the endothelium of the heart and blood vessels; thus, it has been speculated that the clinical manifestations associated with CRS may be a result of endothelial cells persistently infected with RV. Here, we compared the effects of RV infection on gene expression in primary endothelial cells of fetal (HUVEC) and of adult (HSaVEC) origin by transcriptional profiling. RESULTS: More than 75 % of the genes differentially regulated following RV infection were identical in both cell types. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis of these commonly regulated genes showed an enrichment of terms involved in cytokine production and cytokine regulation. Increased accumulation of inflammatory cytokines following RV infection was verified by protein microarray. Interestingly, the chemokine CCL14, which is implicated in supporting embryo implantation at the fetal-maternal interface, was down-regulated following RV infection only in HUVEC. Most noticeably, when analyzing the uniquely regulated transcripts for each cell type, GO term-based cluster analysis of the down-regulated genes of HUVEC revealed an enrichment of the GO terms "sensory organ development", "ear development" and "eye development". CONCLUSION: Since impairment in vision and hearing are the most prominent clinical manifestations observed in CRS patients, the here detected down-regulated genes involved in the development of sensory organs sheds light on the molecular mechanisms that may contribute to the teratogenic effect of RV. FAU - Geyer, Henriette AU - Geyer H AD - Division 12, "Measles, Mumps, Rubella, and Viruses Affecting Immunocompromised Patients", Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany. geyerh@rki.de. FAU - Bauer, Michael AU - Bauer M AD - Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland. michael.bauer@uzh.ch. FAU - Neumann, Jennifer AU - Neumann J AD - Unit "Diagnostics and Pathogen Characterisation", Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung, 12277, Berlin, Germany. jenni.neumann@web.de. FAU - Lüdde, Amy AU - Lüdde A AD - Division 12, "Measles, Mumps, Rubella, and Viruses Affecting Immunocompromised Patients", Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany. meiera@rki.de. FAU - Rennert, Paul AU - Rennert P AD - Division 12, "Measles, Mumps, Rubella, and Viruses Affecting Immunocompromised Patients", Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany. rennertp@rki.de. FAU - Friedrich, Nicole AU - Friedrich N AD - Division 12, "Measles, Mumps, Rubella, and Viruses Affecting Immunocompromised Patients", Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany. friedrichn@rki.de. FAU - Claus, Claudia AU - Claus C AD - Institut für Virologie, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, 04103, Leipzig, Germany. claudia.claus@medizin.uni-leipzig.de. FAU - Perelygina, Ludmilla AU - Perelygina L AD - Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA. ifw0@cdc.gov. FAU - Mankertz, Annette AU - Mankertz A AD - Division 12, "Measles, Mumps, Rubella, and Viruses Affecting Immunocompromised Patients", Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany. mankertza@rki.de. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20160202 TA - Virol J JT - Virology journal JID - 101231645 RN - 0 (Chemokines) SB - IM MH - Cell Line MH - Chemokines/genetics MH - Computational Biology MH - Endothelial Cells/*metabolism/*virology MH - *Gene Expression Profiling MH - Gene Expression Regulation MH - Gene Ontology MH - Humans MH - Rubella/genetics/virology MH - Rubella Syndrome, Congenital/genetics/virology MH - Rubella virus/*physiology MH - *Transcriptome MH - Virus Replication PMC - PMC4736114 EDAT- 2016/02/04 06:00 MHDA- 2016/10/14 06:00 CRDT- 2016/02/04 06:00 PHST- 2015/10/30 00:00 [received] PHST- 2016/01/25 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2016/02/04 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2016/02/04 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2016/10/14 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.1186/s12985-016-0475-9 [pii] AID - 475 [pii] AID - 10.1186/s12985-016-0475-9 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Virol J. 2016 Feb 2;13:21. doi: 10.1186/s12985-016-0475-9. PMID- 10864678 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20000822 LR - 20191210 IS - 0022-538X (Print) IS - 1098-5514 (Electronic) IS - 0022-538X (Linking) VI - 74 IP - 14 DP - 2000 Jul TI - Mutations in the E1 hydrophobic domain of rubella virus impair virus infectivity but not virus assembly. PG - 6637-42 AB - Rubella virus (RV) virions contain three structural proteins, a capsid protein that interacts with viral genomic RNA to form a nucleocapsid and two membrane glycoproteins, E2 and E1. We found that substitution of either an aspartic acid residue at Gly93 (G93D) or a glycine residue at Pro104 (P104G) in the internal hydrophobic domain of E1 affected virus infectivity but not virus assembly. Viruses carrying G93D and P104G mutations had impaired infectivity, reduced 1,000-fold and 10-fold, respectively. A revertant was isolated from the G93D mutant. Sequencing analysis showed that the substituted aspartic acid residue in G93D mutant had reverted to the original glycine residue, suggesting the involvement of Gly93 in membrane fusion during viral entry. FAU - Qiu, Z AU - Qiu Z AD - Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada. FAU - Yao, J AU - Yao J FAU - Cao, H AU - Cao H FAU - Gillam, S AU - Gillam S LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't TA - J Virol JT - Journal of virology JID - 0113724 RN - 0 (Viral Envelope Proteins) RN - 131016-01-8 (E1 envelope protein, Rubella virus) SB - IM MH - Amino Acid Substitution MH - Animals MH - Cell Membrane/physiology MH - Chlorocebus aethiops MH - Giant Cells/virology MH - Membrane Fusion/physiology MH - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed MH - Protein Structure, Tertiary MH - Rubella virus/genetics/*pathogenicity/*physiology MH - Vero Cells MH - Viral Envelope Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/physiology MH - *Virus Assembly PMC - PMC112174 EDAT- 2000/06/23 11:00 MHDA- 2000/08/29 11:01 CRDT- 2000/06/23 11:00 PHST- 2000/06/23 11:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2000/08/29 11:01 [medline] PHST- 2000/06/23 11:00 [entrez] AID - 0251 [pii] AID - 10.1128/jvi.74.14.6637-6642.2000 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Virol. 2000 Jul;74(14):6637-42. doi: 10.1128/jvi.74.14.6637-6642.2000. PMID- 10708417 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20000407 LR - 20191210 IS - 0022-538X (Print) IS - 1098-5514 (Electronic) IS - 0022-538X (Linking) VI - 74 IP - 7 DP - 2000 Apr TI - A single-amino-acid substitution of a tyrosine residue in the rubella virus E1 cytoplasmic domain blocks virus release. PG - 3029-36 AB - Rubella virus particles, consisting of a nucleocapsid surrounded by a lipid envelope in which two virus-encoded glycoproteins E1 and E2 are embedded, assemble on intracellular membranes and are secreted from cells, possibly via the cellular secretory pathway. We have recently demonstrated that the cytoplasmic domain of E1 (residues 469 to 481, KCLYYLRGAIAPR) is required for virus release. Alteration of cysteine 470 to alanine did not affect virus release, whereas mutation of leucine 471 to alanine reduced virus production by 90%. In the present study, substitutions of remaining amino acids in the E1 cytoplasmic domain were made in order to investigate the role of each amino acid in regulating rubella virus release. Generated mutants were analyzed in the context of infectious full-length cDNA clone and virus-like particles using combined genetic, biochemical, and electron microscopic approaches. Substitution of a single residue of tyrosine 472 to alanine or tyrosine 473 to serine resulted in a block in virus release without affecting protein transport and virus budding into the lumen of the Golgi complexes. Infectious RNA transcripts bearing these mutations were incapable of forming plaques. Mutants with substitutions at the amino-terminal region (leucine 474, arginine 475, and glycine 476) in the E1 cytoplasmic domain had reduced virus release and small-plaque phenotype, while mutants with substitutions at the carboxy-terminal region (alanine 477, isoleucine 478, alanine 479, proline 480, and arginine 481) had only marginal defects in virus release. Plaque-forming revertants could be isolated from mutants Y472A and Y473S. Sequencing analysis revealed that the substituted serine residue in mutant Y473S reverted to the original tyrosine residue, whereas the substituted alanine residue in mutant Y472A was retained. These results indicate that the E1 cytoplasmic domain modulates virus release in a sequence-dependent manner and that the tyrosine residues are critical for this function. We postulate that residues YYLRG constitute a domain in the E1 tail that may interact with other proteins and this interaction is involved in regulating virus release. FAU - Yao, J AU - Yao J AD - Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada. FAU - Gillam, S AU - Gillam S LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't TA - J Virol JT - Journal of virology JID - 0113724 RN - 0 (Viral Envelope Proteins) RN - 131016-01-8 (E1 envelope protein, Rubella virus) RN - 42HK56048U (Tyrosine) SB - IM MH - Amino Acid Sequence MH - Amino Acid Substitution MH - Animals MH - Chlorocebus aethiops MH - Cricetinae MH - Microscopy, Electron MH - Rubella virus/*genetics/growth & development/physiology MH - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid MH - Tyrosine/*genetics MH - Vero Cells MH - Viral Envelope Proteins/chemistry/*genetics PMC - PMC111801 EDAT- 2000/03/09 00:00 MHDA- 2000/03/09 00:01 CRDT- 2000/03/09 00:00 PHST- 2000/03/09 00:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2000/03/09 00:01 [medline] PHST- 2000/03/09 00:00 [entrez] AID - 1718 [pii] AID - 10.1128/jvi.74.7.3029-3036.2000 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Virol. 2000 Apr;74(7):3029-36. doi: 10.1128/jvi.74.7.3029-3036.2000. PMID- 17205464 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20070125 LR - 20070105 IS - 1537-6591 (Electronic) IS - 1058-4838 (Linking) VI - 44 IP - 3 DP - 2007 Feb 1 TI - Prevalence of antibodies against rubella virus in Spain. PG - 465-6 FAU - Eiros Bouza, Jose Maria AU - Eiros Bouza JM FAU - Luquero Alcalde, Francisco Javier AU - Luquero Alcalde FJ FAU - Castrodeza Sanz, Jose Javier AU - Castrodeza Sanz JJ FAU - Bachiller Luque, Maria Rosario AU - Bachiller Luque MR FAU - de Lejarazu Leonardo, Raul Ortiz AU - de Lejarazu Leonardo RO LA - eng PT - Comment PT - Letter PL - United States TA - Clin Infect Dis JT - Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America JID - 9203213 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Rubella Vaccine) RN - 0 (rubella antibodies) SB - IM CON - Clin Infect Dis. 2006 Nov 1;43 Suppl 3:S146-50. PMID: 16998774 MH - Adolescent MH - Antibodies, Viral/*isolation & purification MH - Child MH - Child, Preschool MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - Humans MH - Immunization Schedule MH - Infant MH - Rubella/epidemiology/*immunology MH - Rubella Vaccine/administration & dosage MH - Rubella virus/*immunology MH - Seroepidemiologic Studies MH - Spain/epidemiology EDAT- 2007/01/06 09:00 MHDA- 2007/01/26 09:00 CRDT- 2007/01/06 09:00 PHST- 2007/01/06 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2007/01/26 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2007/01/06 09:00 [entrez] AID - CID41246 [pii] AID - 10.1086/510750 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Feb 1;44(3):465-6. doi: 10.1086/510750. PMID- 22896686 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20130405 LR - 20211021 IS - 1556-679X (Electronic) IS - 1556-6811 (Print) IS - 1556-679X (Linking) VI - 19 IP - 10 DP - 2012 Oct TI - Results of continuous monitoring of the performance of rubella virus IgG and hepatitis B virus surface antibody assays using trueness controls in a multicenter trial. PG - 1624-32 AB - We conducted a multicenter trial in Canada to assess the value of using trueness controls (TC) for rubella virus IgG and hepatitis B virus surface antibody (anti-HBs) serology to determine test performance across laboratories over time. TC were obtained from a single source with known international units. Seven laboratories using different test systems and kit lots included the TC in routine assay runs of the analytes. TC measurements of 1,095 rubella virus IgG and 1,195 anti-HBs runs were plotted on Levey-Jennings control charts for individual laboratories and analyzed using a multirule quality control (MQC) scheme as well as a single three-standard-deviation (3-SD) rule. All rubella virus IgG TC results were "in control" in only one of the seven laboratories. Among the rest, "out-of-control" results ranged from 5.6% to 10% with an outlier at 20.3% by MQC and from 1.1% to 5.6% with an outlier at 13.4% by the 3-SD rule. All anti-HBs TC results were "in control" in only two laboratories. Among the rest, "out-of-control" results ranged from 3.3% to 7.9% with an outlier at 19.8% by MQC and from 0% to 3.3% with an outlier at 10.5% by the 3-SD rule. In conclusion, through the continuous monitoring of assay performance using TC and quality control rules, our trial detected significant intra- and interlaboratory, test system, and kit lot variations for both analytes. In most cases the assay rejections could be attributable to the laboratories rather than to kit lots. This has implications for routine diagnostic screening and clinical practice guidelines and underscores the value of using an approach as described above for continuous quality improvement in result reporting and harmonization for these analytes. FAU - Kruk, Tamara AU - Kruk T AD - Surveillance and References Services, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. FAU - Ratnam, Sam AU - Ratnam S FAU - Preiksaitis, Jutta AU - Preiksaitis J FAU - Lau, Allan AU - Lau A FAU - Hatchette, Todd AU - Hatchette T FAU - Horsman, Greg AU - Horsman G FAU - Van Caeseele, Paul AU - Van Caeseele P FAU - Timmons, Brian AU - Timmons B FAU - Tipples, Graham AU - Tipples G LA - eng PT - Clinical Trial PT - Journal Article PT - Multicenter Study DEP - 20120815 TA - Clin Vaccine Immunol JT - Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI JID - 101252125 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Hepatitis B Antibodies) RN - 0 (Hepatitis B Surface Antigens) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin G) RN - 0 (rubella antibodies) SB - IM MH - Antibodies, Viral/*blood MH - Canada MH - Hepatitis B/diagnosis/immunology MH - Hepatitis B Antibodies/*blood MH - Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/*immunology MH - Hepatitis B virus/*immunology MH - Humans MH - Immunoglobulin G/blood MH - Quality Control MH - Rubella/diagnosis/immunology MH - Rubella virus/*immunology MH - Serologic Tests PMC - PMC3485878 EDAT- 2012/08/17 06:00 MHDA- 2013/04/06 06:00 CRDT- 2012/08/17 06:00 PHST- 2012/08/17 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2012/08/17 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2013/04/06 06:00 [medline] AID - CVI.00294-12 [pii] AID - 00294-12 [pii] AID - 10.1128/CVI.00294-12 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2012 Oct;19(10):1624-32. doi: 10.1128/CVI.00294-12. Epub 2012 Aug 15. PMID- 10685808 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20000404 LR - 20061115 IS - 0315-162X (Print) IS - 0315-162X (Linking) VI - 27 IP - 2 DP - 2000 Feb TI - Rubella virus vaccine associated arthropathy in postpartum immunized women: influence of preimmunization serologic status on development of joint manifestations. PG - 418-23 AB - OBJECTIVE: To measure preimmunization rubella virus (RV)-specific IgG levels and to relate these to the development of acute and chronic (persistent or recurrent) joint manifestations following rubella vaccination. METHODS: Specific IgG was determined by whole RV enzyme immunoassays (EIA) (Abbott Rubazyme and M33, an in-house method), immunoblot, neutralization domain peptide (BCH-178c) EIA, and neutralization bioassay in prevaccine samples of 268 RV seronegative women (Abbott absorbance < 0.999 units) who had received monovalent live attenuated RA27/3 strain RV vaccine in a clinical trial that recorded joint manifestations. RESULTS: Of rubella vaccinated women tested for prevaccine antibodies, 21.7% were actually positive (> or = 10 IU/ml) by M33 EIA, 33.2% had Abbott values > or = 0.250 units, and 47.6% had RV protein-specific antibody (immunoblot), while only 17.6% were positive (> or = 10 IU/ml) by neutralization domain peptide EIA and 12.7% had neutralization titers > or = 1:8. Seropositivity by the various methods was compared to recorded occurrence of acute and chronic arthropathy (arthralgia and/or arthritis) after RV vaccination. Relative to women who had no joint manifestations, prevaccine seropositivity rates for subjects with acute arthropathy were significantly (p < 0.05) lower in the Abbott test (< 0.250 units), BCH-178c peptide EIA, and neutralization bioassay, while those who also developed chronic arthropathy had significantly lower prevaccine seropositivity rates for the Abbott (< 0.250 units) and M33 EIA and neutralization bioassay. CONCLUSION: Results suggest that risk for arthropathy following RA27/3 rubella vaccination may be higher in women who have very low prevaccine levels of antibody, particularly in assays measuring functional (neutralizing) antibodies. FAU - Mitchell, L A AU - Mitchell LA AD - Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. lmitchel@interchange.ubc.ca FAU - Tingle, A J AU - Tingle AJ FAU - Grace, M AU - Grace M FAU - Middleton, P AU - Middleton P FAU - Chalmers, A C AU - Chalmers AC LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - Canada TA - J Rheumatol JT - The Journal of rheumatology JID - 7501984 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin G) RN - 0 (Viral Vaccines) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Antibodies, Viral/*blood/*immunology MH - Cohort Studies MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Immunoenzyme Techniques MH - Immunoglobulin G/blood/immunology MH - Joint Diseases/blood/*etiology/*immunology MH - Postpartum Period MH - Rubella virus/*immunology MH - Vaccination/adverse effects MH - Viral Vaccines/*adverse effects/*immunology EDAT- 2000/02/24 00:00 MHDA- 2000/02/24 00:01 CRDT- 2000/02/24 00:00 PHST- 2000/02/24 00:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2000/02/24 00:01 [medline] PHST- 2000/02/24 00:00 [entrez] PST - ppublish SO - J Rheumatol. 2000 Feb;27(2):418-23. PMID- 24386850 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20140123 LR - 20161021 IS - 1000-8721 (Print) IS - 1000-8721 (Linking) VI - 29 IP - 5 DP - 2013 Sep TI - [Progress on mechanism of cell apoptosis induced by rubella virus]. PG - 578-82 AB - Rubella virus (RV), a member of the family Togaviridae, can induce apoptosis of host cells in vitro. Protein kinases of the Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK pathway and PI3K-Akt pathway play essential roles in virus multiplication, cell survival and apoptosis. Proteins p53 and TAp63 that bind to specific DNA sequences stimulate Bax in a manner to produce functional pores that facilitate release of mitochondrial cytochrome c and downstream caspase activation. In this review, the molecular mechanisms of RV-induced cell apoptosis, including RV-infected cell lines, pathological changes in cell components and apoptosis signaling pathways are summarized. FAU - Li, Zhen-mei AU - Li ZM AD - Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China. meizi_chongzi@163.com FAU - Chu, Fu-lu AU - Chu FL AD - Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China. FAU - Liu, Ying AU - Liu Y AD - Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China. FAU - Wang, Zhi-yu AU - Wang ZY AD - Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China. LA - chi PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review PL - China TA - Bing Du Xue Bao JT - Bing du xue bao = Chinese journal of virology JID - 8803009 RN - EC 2.7.11.24 (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases) SB - IM MH - *Apoptosis MH - Humans MH - MAP Kinase Signaling System MH - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/genetics/metabolism MH - Rubella/genetics/metabolism/*physiopathology/virology MH - Rubella virus/genetics/*physiology EDAT- 2014/01/07 06:00 MHDA- 2014/01/24 06:00 CRDT- 2014/01/07 06:00 PHST- 2014/01/07 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2014/01/07 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2014/01/24 06:00 [medline] PST - ppublish SO - Bing Du Xue Bao. 2013 Sep;29(5):578-82. PMID- 22519173 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20120619 LR - 20161021 IS - 1000-8721 (Print) IS - 1000-8721 (Linking) VI - 28 IP - 2 DP - 2012 Mar TI - [Molecular epidemiological analysis of rubella virus isolates from 2001 to 2011 in Shanghai, China]. PG - 124-9 AB - Throat swabs collected from patients whose serum was measles IgM negative and rubella IgM positive during 2001-2011 were used to conduct cell culture for rubella virus. After identification of cell culture with RT-PCR, nucleotide of gene E1 of rubella virus was amplified and sequenced, followed by molecular epidemiological analysis. A total of 31 rubella viruses were isolated from 60 throat swabs. Compared 27 isolates with the WHO reference strains of all genotypes, phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the amplified 739 nucleotide fragment. These isolates belonged to two different genotypes respectively. Isolates 11009, 11052 and 11106 in 2011 belonged to genotype 2B, and others belonged to genotype 1E. Most of mutations were nonsense mutation, and sequence of amino acid was highly conserved. Amino acid sequence of most isolates of genotype 1E was identical, which suggested rubella viruses from same transmission chain might be transmitted continually since 2001. Rubella virus genotype 2B was found to be popular for the first time in Shanghai in 2011. The nucleotide sequences of these genotype 2B isolates showed 99% identity compared with that of isolates recently from Vietnam, Japan and Argentina. The resources of these strains were not confirmed due to the absence of rubella virus surveillance before. FAU - Li, Chong-Shan AU - Li CS AD - Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Immunization Program, Shanghai 200336, China. chsli@163.com FAU - Yang, Yu-Ying AU - Yang YY FAU - Wang, Jian-Guo AU - Wang JG FAU - Zhu, Zhen AU - Zhu Z FAU - Tang, Wei AU - Tang W FAU - Li, Zhi AU - Li Z FAU - Sun, Xiao-Dong AU - Sun XD FAU - Xu, Wen-Bo AU - Xu WB LA - chi PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - China TA - Bing Du Xue Bao JT - Bing du xue bao = Chinese journal of virology JID - 8803009 RN - 0 (Viral Proteins) SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Amino Acid Sequence MH - Child MH - Child, Preschool MH - China/epidemiology MH - Humans MH - Infant MH - Male MH - Molecular Epidemiology MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - Rubella/*epidemiology/*virology MH - Rubella virus/classification/*genetics/*isolation & purification MH - Sequence Alignment MH - Viral Proteins/chemistry/genetics MH - Young Adult EDAT- 2012/04/24 06:00 MHDA- 2012/06/20 06:00 CRDT- 2012/04/24 06:00 PHST- 2012/04/24 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2012/04/24 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2012/06/20 06:00 [medline] PST - ppublish SO - Bing Du Xue Bao. 2012 Mar;28(2):124-9. PMID- 16051872 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20050908 LR - 20181113 IS - 0022-538X (Print) IS - 1098-5514 (Electronic) IS - 0022-538X (Linking) VI - 79 IP - 16 DP - 2005 Aug TI - Interactions between rubella virus capsid and host protein p32 are important for virus replication. PG - 10807-20 AB - The distribution and morphology of mitochondria are dramatically affected during infection with rubella virus (RV). Expression of the capsid, in the absence of other viral proteins, was found to induce both perinuclear clustering of mitochondria and the formation of electron-dense intermitochondrial plaques, both hallmarks of RV-infected cells. We previously identified p32, a host cell mitochondrial matrix protein, as a capsid-binding protein. Here, we show that two clusters of arginine residues within capsid are required for stable binding to p32. Mutagenic ablation of the p32-binding site in capsid resulted in decreased mitochondrial clustering, indicating that interactions with this cellular protein are required for capsid-dependent reorganization of mitochondria. Recombinant viruses encoding arginine-to-alanine mutations in the p32-binding region of capsid exhibited altered plaque morphology and replicated to lower titers. Further analysis indicated that disruption of stable interactions between capsid and p32 was associated with decreased production of subgenomic RNA and, consequently, infected cells produced significantly lower amounts of viral structural proteins under these conditions. Together, these results suggest that capsid-p32 interactions are important for nonstructural functions of capsid that include regulation of virus RNA replication and reorganization of mitochondria during infection. FAU - Beatch, Martin D AU - Beatch MD AD - Department of Cell Biology, 5-14 Medical Sciences Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada. FAU - Everitt, Jason C AU - Everitt JC FAU - Law, LokMan J AU - Law LJ FAU - Hobman, Tom C AU - Hobman TC LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't TA - J Virol JT - Journal of virology JID - 0113724 RN - 0 (Mitochondrial Proteins) RN - 0 (RNA, Viral) RN - 0 (Viral Proteins) SB - IM MH - Amino Acid Sequence MH - Animals MH - Binding Sites MH - Capsid/chemistry/*physiology MH - Cell Line MH - Mitochondria/physiology MH - Mitochondrial Proteins/*physiology MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - RNA, Viral/biosynthesis MH - Rubella virus/*physiology MH - Viral Proteins/biosynthesis MH - *Virus Replication PMC - PMC1182682 EDAT- 2005/07/30 09:00 MHDA- 2005/09/09 09:00 CRDT- 2005/07/30 09:00 PHST- 2005/07/30 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2005/09/09 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2005/07/30 09:00 [entrez] AID - 79/16/10807 [pii] AID - 2851-04 [pii] AID - 10.1128/JVI.79.16.10807-10820.2005 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Virol. 2005 Aug;79(16):10807-20. doi: 10.1128/JVI.79.16.10807-10820.2005. PMID- 26209390 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20160518 LR - 20181113 IS - 1873-5967 (Electronic) IS - 1386-6532 (Print) IS - 1386-6532 (Linking) VI - 69 DP - 2015 Aug TI - Genomic characterization of a persistent rubella virus from a case of Fuch' uveitis syndrome in a 73 year old man. PG - 104-9 LID - S1386-6532(15)00269-3 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.jcv.2015.06.084 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Many cases of Fuchs' uveitis have been associated with persistent rubella virus infection. A 73-year-old male patient with typical Fuchs' Uveitis Syndrome (FUS) first experienced heterochromia of the left eye at the age fourteen, when rubella was endemic in the US. OBJECTIVES: The purposes of this report are to describe the patient's FUS clinical presentations and to characterize the virus detected in the vitreous fluid. STUDY DESIGN: The patient underwent a therapeutic pars plana vitrectomy in May 2013. A real-time RT-PCR assay for rubella virus was performed on the vitreous fluid by Focus Diagnostics. Additional real-time RT-PCR assays for rubella virus detection and RT-PCR assays for generation of templates for sequencing were performed at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). RESULTS: The results from Focus Diagnostics were positive for rubella virus RNA. Real-time RT-PCR assays at CDC were also positive for rubella virus. A rubella virus sequence of 739 nucleotides was determined and phylogenetic analysis showed that the virus was the sole member of a new phylogenetic group when compared to reference virus sequences. CONCLUSIONS: While FUS remains a clinical diagnosis, findings in this case support the association between rubella virus and the disease. Phylogenetic analysis provided evidence that this rubella virus was likely a previously undetected genotype which is no longer circulating. Since the patient had rubella prior to 1955, this sequence is from the earliest rubella virus yet characterized. CI - Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. FAU - Abernathy, Emily AU - Abernathy E AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. Electronic address: efa9@cdc.gov. FAU - Peairs, Randall R AU - Peairs RR AD - Northeastern Eye Institute, Scranton, PA, USA. Electronic address: rpeairs@epix.net. FAU - Chen, Min-hsin AU - Chen MH AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. Electronic address: zvp8@cdc.gov. FAU - Icenogle, Joseph AU - Icenogle J AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. Electronic address: jci1@cdc.gov. FAU - Namdari, Hassan AU - Namdari H AD - Clin-Micro Immunology Center, Clarks Summit, PA, USA. Electronic address: hnamdari@clinmicro.com. LA - eng GR - CC999999/Intramural CDC HHS/United States PT - Case Reports PT - Journal Article DEP - 20150619 TA - J Clin Virol JT - Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology JID - 9815671 RN - 0 (RNA, Viral) SB - IM MH - Aged MH - Eye Infections, Viral/complications/*virology MH - Fuchs' Endothelial Dystrophy/complications MH - Genotype MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Phylogeny MH - RNA, Viral/analysis MH - Rubella/*diagnosis/virology MH - Rubella virus/classification/genetics/*isolation & purification MH - Uveitis/*complications/virology PMC - PMC5873582 MID - NIHMS921527 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Fuchs’ uveitis syndrome OT - Genomic characterization of rubella virus OT - Rubella virus COIS- Conflict of interest None. EDAT- 2015/07/26 06:00 MHDA- 2016/05/19 06:00 CRDT- 2015/07/26 06:00 PHST- 2015/03/31 00:00 [received] PHST- 2015/06/13 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2015/06/15 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2015/07/26 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2015/07/26 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2016/05/19 06:00 [medline] AID - S1386-6532(15)00269-3 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.jcv.2015.06.084 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Clin Virol. 2015 Aug;69:104-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2015.06.084. Epub 2015 Jun 19. PMID- 19469182 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20090728 LR - 20191210 IS - 1003-9279 (Print) IS - 1003-9279 (Linking) VI - 22 IP - 5 DP - 2008 Oct TI - [Expression of recombinant rubella virus E1 protein and initial application for detecting of antibody]. PG - 382-4 AB - OBJECTIVE: To apply recombinant rubella virus envelope protein-1 (E1) to detect human rubella virus IgG antibody. METHODS: Rubella virus E1 protein was expressed in E. coli, purified E1 protein was used as the antigen for the detecting of anti rubella in human sera in the way of enzyme linked Immunosorbant assay (ELISA). RESULTS: The antigenicity of the recombinant protein was checked by WHO rubella sera panel. We detected 200 sera samples, which came from Guangxi Guilin. 93% of these samples were positive. CONCLUSION: The antigenicity of recombinant E1 is a satisfied candidate antigen for the detecting of human rubella virus antibody. The prevalence of anti rubella virus IgG in Guangxi is 93%. It is at the some level compared with other provinces in China. FAU - Yi, Yao AU - Yi Y AD - Institute of Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100052, China. FAU - Guo, Min-zhuo AU - Guo MZ FAU - Yu, Tao AU - Yu T FAU - Xu, Wen-bo AU - Xu WB FAU - Yang, Jin-ye AU - Yang JY FAU - Chen, Si-yong AU - Chen SY LA - chi PT - Journal Article PL - China TA - Zhonghua Shi Yan He Lin Chuang Bing Du Xue Za Zhi JT - Zhonghua shi yan he lin chuang bing du xue za zhi = Zhonghua shiyan he linchuang bingduxue zazhi = Chinese journal of experimental and clinical virology JID - 9602873 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Recombinant Proteins) RN - 0 (Viral Envelope Proteins) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Antibodies, Viral/*analysis/immunology MH - China MH - Chlorocebus aethiops MH - Cloning, Molecular MH - Escherichia coli/genetics MH - *Gene Expression MH - Genetic Vectors MH - Humans MH - Recombinant Proteins/genetics/*immunology MH - Rubella virus/*genetics/immunology MH - Vero Cells/virology MH - Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics/*metabolism EDAT- 2009/05/28 09:00 MHDA- 2009/07/29 09:00 CRDT- 2009/05/28 09:00 PHST- 2009/05/28 09:00 [entrez] PHST- 2009/05/28 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2009/07/29 09:00 [medline] PST - ppublish SO - Zhonghua Shi Yan He Lin Chuang Bing Du Xue Za Zhi. 2008 Oct;22(5):382-4. PMID- 25241692 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20150707 LR - 20191113 IS - 1884-2836 (Electronic) IS - 1344-6304 (Linking) VI - 67 IP - 5 DP - 2014 TI - Detection and genotyping of rubella virus from exanthematous patients suspected of having measles using reverse transcription-PCR. PG - 389-91 AB - Between July 2012 and March 2013, a total of 133 clinical specimens from 47 patients suspected of having measles were collected for virological surveillance in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. Facing the rubella epidemic, the reverse transcription (RT)-PCR protocol for measles virus (MeV) was modified to simultaneously detect rubella virus (RUBV) in these clinical specimens. As a result, 30 specimens from 15 patients were positive for RUBV and 8 specimens from 3 patients were positive for MeV. The RUBV genotype analysis for the samples from 13 patients revealed 12 samples as 2B and 1 sample as 1E. The results provided additional evidence for the difficulty in the diagnosis of exanthematous diseases based on clinical manifestations alone and the necessity of virological diagnosis to maintain the accuracy of case-based surveillance. Furthermore, the results indicated that the modified RT-PCR protocol could be useful as a routine procedure to simultaneously detect MeV and RUBV in clinical specimens of patients suspected of having exanthematous disease caused by these viruses. FAU - Yasui, Yoshihiro AU - Yasui Y AD - Laboratory of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, Aichi Prefectural Institute of Public Health. FAU - Mori, Yoshio AU - Mori Y FAU - Adachi, Hirokazu AU - Adachi H FAU - Kobayashi, Shinichi AU - Kobayashi S FAU - Yamashita, Teruo AU - Yamashita T FAU - Minagawa, Hiroko AU - Minagawa H LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - Japan TA - Jpn J Infect Dis JT - Japanese journal of infectious diseases JID - 100893704 SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Child MH - Female MH - *Genotype MH - Humans MH - Infant MH - Japan MH - Male MH - Measles/*diagnosis/pathology/virology MH - Measles virus/*isolation & purification MH - Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/methods MH - Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods MH - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/*methods MH - Rubella/*diagnosis/pathology/virology MH - Rubella virus/classification/genetics/*isolation & purification MH - Young Adult EDAT- 2014/09/23 06:00 MHDA- 2015/07/08 06:00 CRDT- 2014/09/23 06:00 PHST- 2014/09/23 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2014/09/23 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2015/07/08 06:00 [medline] AID - DN/JST.JSTAGE/yoken/67.389 [pii] AID - 10.7883/yoken.67.389 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Jpn J Infect Dis. 2014;67(5):389-91. doi: 10.7883/yoken.67.389. PMID- 27959338 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20180612 LR - 20181113 IS - 2045-2322 (Electronic) IS - 2045-2322 (Linking) VI - 6 DP - 2016 Dec 13 TI - Analysis of complete genomes of the rubella virus genotypes 1E and 2B which circulated in China, 2000-2013. PG - 39025 LID - 10.1038/srep39025 [doi] LID - 39025 AB - Rubella viruses of genotypes 1E and 2B are currently the most frequently detected wild-type viruses in the world. Genotype 1E viruses from China have been genetically distinct from genotype 1E viruses found elsewhere, while genotype 2B viruses found in China are not distinguishable from genotype 2B viruses from other areas. Genetic clusters of viruses of both genotypes were defined previously using sequences of the 739-nt genotyping window. Here we report phylogenic analysis using whole genomic sequences from seven genotype 1E and three genotype 2B viruses which were isolated in China between 2000 and 2013 and confirm the subgrouping of current circulating genotypes 1E and 2B viruses. In addition, the whole genomic characterization of Chinese rubella viruses was clarified. The results indicated that the Chinese rubella viruses were highly conserved at the genomic level, and no predicted amino acid variations were found at positions where functional domains of the proteins were identified. Therefore, it gives us the idea that the rubella control and elimination goal should be achieved if vaccine immunization coverage continues maintaining at the high level. FAU - Zhu, Zhen AU - Zhu Z AD - WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Medical Virology Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China. FAU - Chen, Min-Hsin AU - Chen MH AD - Measles, Mumps, Rubella, and Herpesviruses Laboratory Branch, National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. FAU - Abernathy, Emily AU - Abernathy E AD - Measles, Mumps, Rubella, and Herpesviruses Laboratory Branch, National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. FAU - Icenogle, Joseph AU - Icenogle J AD - Measles, Mumps, Rubella, and Herpesviruses Laboratory Branch, National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. FAU - Zhou, Shujie AU - Zhou S AD - Anhui Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, People's Republic of China. FAU - Wang, Changyin AU - Wang C AD - Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China. FAU - Zhao, Chunfang AU - Zhao C AD - Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, People's Republic of China. FAU - Wang, Yan AU - Wang Y AD - Liaoning Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changchun, People's Republic of China. FAU - Chen, Haiyun AU - Chen H AD - Hainan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Haikou, People's Republic of China. FAU - Si, Yuan AU - Si Y AD - Shaanxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, People's Republic of China. FAU - Xu, Wenbo AU - Xu W AD - WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Medical Virology Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20161213 TA - Sci Rep JT - Scientific reports JID - 101563288 SB - IM MH - China/epidemiology MH - Female MH - Genome, Viral MH - *Genotype MH - Genotyping Techniques MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Rubella/epidemiology/*genetics MH - Rubella virus/*genetics PMC - PMC5154293 EDAT- 2016/12/14 06:00 MHDA- 2018/06/13 06:00 CRDT- 2016/12/14 06:00 PHST- 2016/07/26 00:00 [received] PHST- 2016/11/16 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2016/12/14 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2016/12/14 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2018/06/13 06:00 [medline] AID - srep39025 [pii] AID - 10.1038/srep39025 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Sci Rep. 2016 Dec 13;6:39025. doi: 10.1038/srep39025. PMID- 29191395 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20190311 LR - 20190311 IS - 1879-0984 (Electronic) IS - 0166-0934 (Linking) VI - 252 DP - 2018 Feb TI - A novel cell-based high throughput assay to determine neutralizing antibody titers against circulating strains of rubella virus. PG - 86-93 LID - S0166-0934(17)30498-6 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.jviromet.2017.11.011 [doi] AB - A large rubella outbreak occurred in Japan 2013, and 14,344 rubella and 45 congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) cases were reported. At that time, the populational immunity was above the protective threshold assessed by hemmaglutination inhibition (HI) titer. The genotype 2B rubella virus (RV) strains were responsible for the outbreak, which are non-indigenous in Japan. In this work, a cell-based high throughput assay was established to measure the neutralizing antibody (NA) titer against circulating RV isolates. RV infection poorly induces cytopathic effects in tissue culture, preventing the casual measurement of NA titer. Our assay system has overcome this hurdle. Using this assay, we re-evaluated the antibody prevalence rate against circulating viral isolates using human sera collected before the outbreak. Individuals with protective IgG titer (≥10 IU/ml) represented 88.1% of the population. Consistently, 85.2% of the population had protective neutralizing antibody titers (≥1:8) against the vaccine strain. In contrast, 50.5% of the population had protective neutralizing antibody titers against circulating genotype 2B RV strains. These data suggest that the herd immunity assessed by HI titer should have been appreciated deliberately. CI - Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier B.V. FAU - Kanbayashi, Daiki AU - Kanbayashi D AD - Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology Division, Osaka Institute of Public Health, 3-69, Nakamichi, 1-chome, Higashinari-ku, Osaka, 537-0025, Japan. Electronic address: kanbayashi@iph.osaka.jp. FAU - Kurata, Takako AU - Kurata T AD - Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology Division, Osaka Institute of Public Health, 3-69, Nakamichi, 1-chome, Higashinari-ku, Osaka, 537-0025, Japan. Electronic address: kurata@iph.osaka.jp. FAU - Takahashi, Kazuo AU - Takahashi K AD - Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology Division, Osaka Institute of Public Health, 3-69, Nakamichi, 1-chome, Higashinari-ku, Osaka, 537-0025, Japan. Electronic address: takahashikz@iuhw.ac.jp. FAU - Kase, Tetsuo AU - Kase T AD - Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology Division, Osaka Institute of Public Health, 3-69, Nakamichi, 1-chome, Higashinari-ku, Osaka, 537-0025, Japan. Electronic address: kasetetsuo@gmail.com. FAU - Komano, Jun AU - Komano J AD - Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology Division, Osaka Institute of Public Health, 3-69, Nakamichi, 1-chome, Higashinari-ku, Osaka, 537-0025, Japan; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nagoya Medical Center, 1-1 4-chome, Sannomaru, Naka-ku, Nagoya, 460-0001, Japan. Electronic address: komano@nnh.hops.go.jp. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20171127 PL - Netherlands TA - J Virol Methods JT - Journal of virological methods JID - 8005839 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Neutralizing) RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin G) SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Antibodies, Neutralizing/*blood MH - Antibodies, Viral/*blood MH - Child MH - Child, Preschool MH - Female MH - Genotype MH - Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests MH - High-Throughput Screening Assays/*methods MH - Humans MH - Immunity, Herd MH - Immunoglobulin G/blood MH - Infant MH - Infant, Newborn MH - Japan/epidemiology MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Neutralization Tests MH - Rubella/*diagnosis/epidemiology MH - Rubella virus/genetics/*immunology MH - Young Adult OTO - NOTNLM OT - *Antibody titer OT - *Circulating strains OT - *Genotype OT - *Neutralization OT - *Rubella EDAT- 2017/12/02 06:00 MHDA- 2019/03/12 06:00 CRDT- 2017/12/02 06:00 PHST- 2017/08/04 00:00 [received] PHST- 2017/11/08 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2017/11/27 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2017/12/02 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2019/03/12 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2017/12/02 06:00 [entrez] AID - S0166-0934(17)30498-6 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.jviromet.2017.11.011 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Virol Methods. 2018 Feb;252:86-93. doi: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2017.11.011. Epub 2017 Nov 27. PMID- 34617176 OWN - NLM STAT- In-Process LR - 20211015 IS - 1573-8221 (Electronic) IS - 0007-4888 (Linking) VI - 171 IP - 5 DP - 2021 Sep TI - Analysis of Morphological Changes in the CNS and Internal Organs of Macaca mulatta Monkeys after Intracerebral Injection of a Low-Attenuated Rubella Virus Strain. PG - 671-675 LID - 10.1007/s10517-021-05291-4 [doi] AB - We studied the localization and severity of morphological changes in CNS and internal organs of animals intacerebrally infected with a low-attenuated rubella virus strain "Orlov-14". The data obtained can be used as morphological criteria reflecting low level of attenuation of rubella virus strains to improve the control of the safety of attenuated strains of live rubella vaccines. CI - © 2021. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. FAU - Shamsutdinova, O A AU - Shamsutdinova OA AD - Research Institute of Medical Primatology, Sochi, Russia. shamsutdinovao-a@yandex.ru. FAU - Bulgin, D V AU - Bulgin DV AD - Research Institute of Medical Primatology, Sochi, Russia. FAU - Karal-Ogly, D D AU - Karal-Ogly DD AD - Research Institute of Medical Primatology, Sochi, Russia. FAU - Lavrent'eva, I N AU - Lavrent'eva IN AD - Pasteur St. Petersburg Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, St. Petersburg, Russia. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20211007 PL - United States TA - Bull Exp Biol Med JT - Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine JID - 0372557 SB - IM OTO - NOTNLM OT - Macaca mulatta monkeys OT - attenuation OT - intracerebral inoculation OT - rubella virus EDAT- 2021/10/08 06:00 MHDA- 2021/10/08 06:00 CRDT- 2021/10/07 07:07 PHST- 2021/02/26 00:00 [received] PHST- 2021/10/08 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/10/08 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2021/10/07 07:07 [entrez] AID - 10.1007/s10517-021-05291-4 [pii] AID - 10.1007/s10517-021-05291-4 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Bull Exp Biol Med. 2021 Sep;171(5):671-675. doi: 10.1007/s10517-021-05291-4. Epub 2021 Oct 7. PMID- 17847106 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20071213 LR - 20191210 IS - 0887-8013 (Print) IS - 1098-2825 (Electronic) IS - 0887-8013 (Linking) VI - 21 IP - 5 DP - 2007 TI - Collection tubes with or without gel separator did not interfere with detection of rubella virus antibodies IgM and IgG. PG - 330-4 AB - Rubella infection is an exanthematic disease, with high prevalence in the adult population. The only modality of disease that causes serious consequences is congenital rubella syndrome (CRS), which happens when a pregnant woman seronegative to rubella virus acquires the infection during early pregnancy. Due to the lack of signals and characteristic symptoms of disease, diagnosis of rubella is based essentially on laboratory tests: antibodies detection and/or virus isolation. Results of serologic tests should always be interpreted with caution, because they can be affected by the quality of blood samples, processing and storage of sera, the equipment and reagents used to perform tests, and finally by the technical expertise and training of biologists. The collection tubes with gel seem to facilitate serum separation, but on the other hand gels can retain and consequently decrease antibody titers. Therefore, we decided to investigate whether the use of collection tubes containing gel separator might interfere with rubella virus antibody detection in blood samples from children. We did not observe statistically significant differences with respect to rubella virus antibody detection (immunoglobulin M [IgM] and immunoglobulin G [IgG]) for samples collected in tubes with or without gel separator, from the two evaluated manufacturers. CI - (c) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. FAU - Oliveira, L C AU - Oliveira LC AD - LIM-36, Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Department of Pediatrics, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. leaco@icr.hcnet.usp.br FAU - Kawasato, K H AU - Kawasato KH FAU - Otta, M S AU - Otta MS FAU - Lima, L P AU - Lima LP FAU - Okay, T S AU - Okay TS LA - eng PT - Comparative Study PT - Evaluation Study PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't TA - J Clin Lab Anal JT - Journal of clinical laboratory analysis JID - 8801384 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Gels) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin G) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin M) RN - 0 (rubella antibodies) SB - IM MH - Antibodies, Viral/*blood MH - Blood Specimen Collection/*instrumentation MH - Child MH - Gels MH - Humans MH - Immunoglobulin G/*blood MH - Immunoglobulin M/*blood PMC - PMC6649045 EDAT- 2007/09/12 09:00 MHDA- 2007/12/14 09:00 CRDT- 2007/09/12 09:00 PHST- 2007/09/12 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2007/12/14 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2007/09/12 09:00 [entrez] AID - JCLA20194 [pii] AID - 10.1002/jcla.20194 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Clin Lab Anal. 2007;21(5):330-4. doi: 10.1002/jcla.20194. PMID- 21108356 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20110302 LR - 20191210 IS - 1096-9071 (Electronic) IS - 0146-6615 (Linking) VI - 83 IP - 1 DP - 2011 Jan TI - Application of new assays for rapid confirmation and genotyping of isolates of rubella virus. PG - 170-7 LID - 10.1002/jmv.21941 [doi] AB - Rubella virus (RV) isolation is recommended by the WHO Measles and Rubella Labnet for studying the etiology and epidemiology of rubella. However, the absence of cytopathologic effects (CPE) in many of the cell lines used commonly makes it difficult to confirm RV growth. In this study, two assays amplifying RV cDNA were developed and validated in order to confirm and genotype RV isolates after cell culture. A SYBR Green I-based real-time PCR (Rtime-SGE317) was established for initial rapid detection of RV in Vero cells and a nested PCR (PCR-E860) was used for amplifying further the 739 nt window of the E1 gene for the identification of RV genotype as recommended by the WHO. Sensitivities of the two assays were evaluated using eight RV isolates, two from infants with the congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) and six from patients with acute rubella. All the isolates had cycle threshold (C(t)) values <37 after the third passage, which is recommended as the cut-off for the confirmation of a viable RV isolate. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 739 nt window generated by the PCR-E860 showed that the eight RV isolates belonged to genotypes 1E, 1G, and 2B. The Rtime-SGE317 assay can be carried out in local public health laboratories, which would extend the molecular surveillance of rubella and contribute to the WHO goal of eradicating rubella worldwide. CI - © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. FAU - Feng, Yan AU - Feng Y AD - Centre for Disease Control and Prevention of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Viral Diseases, Hangzhou, China. FAU - Santibanez, Sabine AU - Santibanez S FAU - Appleton, Hazel AU - Appleton H FAU - Lu, Yiyu AU - Lu Y FAU - Jin, Li AU - Jin L LA - eng SI - GENBANK/GQ374567 SI - GENBANK/GQ374568 SI - GENBANK/GQ374569 SI - GENBANK/GQ374570 SI - GENBANK/GQ374571 SI - GENBANK/GQ374572 PT - Evaluation Study PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - United States TA - J Med Virol JT - Journal of medical virology JID - 7705876 RN - 0 (RNA, Viral) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Cell Culture Techniques/methods MH - Chlorocebus aethiops MH - Genotype MH - Humans MH - Infant MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - Polymerase Chain Reaction/*methods MH - RNA, Viral/genetics MH - Rubella/*diagnosis/virology MH - Rubella virus/*classification/genetics/growth & development/*isolation & purification MH - Sensitivity and Specificity MH - Sequence Analysis, DNA MH - Vero Cells MH - Virology/*methods EDAT- 2010/11/26 06:00 MHDA- 2011/03/03 06:00 CRDT- 2010/11/26 06:00 PHST- 2010/11/26 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2010/11/26 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2011/03/03 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.1002/jmv.21941 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Med Virol. 2011 Jan;83(1):170-7. doi: 10.1002/jmv.21941. PMID- 22930516 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20130115 LR - 20120829 IS - 1096-9071 (Electronic) IS - 0146-6615 (Linking) VI - 84 IP - 10 DP - 2012 Oct TI - Phylogenetic analysis of rubella virus strains during an outbreak in São Paulo, 2007-2008. PG - 1666-71 LID - 10.1002/jmv.23382 [doi] AB - Rubella virus (RV) is an important human pathogen that causes rubella, an acute contagious disease. It also causes severe birth defects collectively known as congenital rubella syndrome when infection occurs during the first trimester of pregnancy. Here, we present the phylogenetic analysis of RV that circulated in São Paulo during the 2007-2008 outbreak. Samples collected from patients diagnosed with rubella were isolated in cell culture and sequenced. RV RNA was obtained from samples or RV-infected cell cultures and amplified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Sequences were assigned to genotypes by phylogenetic analysis using RV reference sequences. Seventeen sequences were analyzed, and three genotypes were identified: 1a, 1G, and 2B. Genotypes 1a and 1G, which were isolated in 2007, were responsible for sporadic rubella cases in São Paulo. Thereafter, in late 2007, the epidemiological conditions changed, resulting in a large RV outbreak with the clear dominance of genotype 2B. The results of this study provide new approaches for monitoring the progress of elimination of rubella from São Paulo, Brazil. CI - Copyright © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. FAU - Figueiredo, C A AU - Figueiredo CA AD - Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Núcleo de Doenças Respiratórias, São Paulo, Brazil. figueiredocris@uol.com.br FAU - Oliveira, M I AU - Oliveira MI FAU - Curti, S P AU - Curti SP FAU - Afonso, A M S AU - Afonso AM FAU - Frugi Yu, A L AU - Frugi Yu AL FAU - Gualberto, F AU - Gualberto F FAU - Durigon, E L AU - Durigon EL LA - eng SI - GENBANK/EU170499 SI - GENBANK/EU170500 SI - GENBANK/EU170501 SI - GENBANK/EU220247 SI - GENBANK/GU968186 SI - GENBANK/GU968187 SI - GENBANK/GU968188 SI - GENBANK/GU968189 SI - GENBANK/GU968190 SI - GENBANK/GU968191 SI - GENBANK/GU968192 SI - GENBANK/GU968193 SI - GENBANK/GU968194 SI - GENBANK/GU968195 SI - GENBANK/GU968196 SI - GENBANK/GU968197 SI - GENBANK/GU968198 PT - Journal Article PL - United States TA - J Med Virol JT - Journal of medical virology JID - 7705876 SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Brazil/epidemiology MH - Child, Preschool MH - Cluster Analysis MH - Female MH - Genotype MH - Humans MH - Infant, Newborn MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Molecular Epidemiology MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - *Phylogeny MH - Rubella/*epidemiology/*virology MH - Rubella virus/*classification/*genetics/isolation & purification MH - Sequence Analysis, DNA MH - Virus Cultivation MH - Young Adult EDAT- 2012/08/30 06:00 MHDA- 2013/01/16 06:00 CRDT- 2012/08/30 06:00 PHST- 2012/08/30 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2012/08/30 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2013/01/16 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.1002/jmv.23382 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Med Virol. 2012 Oct;84(10):1666-71. doi: 10.1002/jmv.23382. PMID- 24901862 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20140911 LR - 20151119 IS - 1735-9694 (Electronic) IS - 0044-6025 (Linking) VI - 52 IP - 4 DP - 2014 TI - The assessment of affected factors on cytomegalovirus and rubella virus prevalence in females in Hamadan, Iran. PG - 303-9 AB - Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and rubella are considered as dangerous viral infections to the fetus. The findings of this research can clear the possible progress made thus far toward prevention in this part of the country. The data of all referees to genetic center of Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Hamadan, including the rubella and CMV tests were recorded in questionnaires and analyzed by logistic regression models. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were utilized to assess the affected factors on CMV and Rubella separately. STATA and SPSS16 statistical software were used with setting P-value as 0.05. Logistic regression analysis indicates a statistically significant relationship between CMV IgM and on occupation (P=0.045), pregnancy (P=0.03) and years of referring the patients (P<0.001). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that job was significantly affected on the CMV infection [OR (95% C.I) = 1.71(1.1-2.83)]. Univariate logistic regression showed that age (P=0.001), the residential area (P=0.03), pregnancy (P=0.03), the marital status (P=0.022) and years of referring the patients (P<0.0001) has a significant effect on rubella IgG. However, multivariate logistic regression analysis also showed that residential status (OR=1.77) and age (OR=0.63) were significantly affected on the Rubella infection. The high level of IgG positivity against rubella in females may highlight the considerable impact of increasing public vaccination in this part of Iran. Also, the current data demonstrating frequency of primary infections with CMV in females which support the conclusion that regular prenatal screening tests is justified. FAU - Sabouri Ghannad, Masoud AU - Sabouri Ghannad M AD - Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran AND Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran sabouri@umsha.ac.ir. FAU - Roshanaei, Ghodratollah AU - Roshanaei G AD - Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Modeling of Noncommunicable diseases Research center, AND Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. sabouri@umsha.ac.ir. FAU - Habibi, Haleh AU - Habibi H AD - Department of Genetic, Genetic Counseling Center, Welfare State Organization of Hamadan, Hamadan, Iran sabouri@umsha.ac.ir. FAU - Yousefi, Soheila AU - Yousefi S AD - Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran sabouri@umsha.ac.ir. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - Iran TA - Acta Med Iran JT - Acta medica Iranica JID - 14540050R RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin G) SB - IM MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - Cytomegalovirus Infections/*epidemiology MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Immunoglobulin G/analysis MH - Iran/epidemiology MH - Marital Status MH - Occupations/statistics & numerical data MH - Pregnancy MH - Prevalence MH - Residence Characteristics MH - Risk Factors MH - Rubella/*epidemiology MH - Surveys and Questionnaires EDAT- 2014/06/06 06:00 MHDA- 2014/09/12 06:00 CRDT- 2014/06/06 06:00 PHST- 2013/01/16 00:00 [received] PHST- 2013/05/19 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2014/06/06 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2014/06/06 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2014/09/12 06:00 [medline] PST - ppublish SO - Acta Med Iran. 2014;52(4):303-9. PMID- 19020066 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20090202 LR - 20211020 IS - 1098-660X (Electronic) IS - 0095-1137 (Print) IS - 0095-1137 (Linking) VI - 47 IP - 1 DP - 2009 Jan TI - Phylogenetic analysis of rubella virus strains from an outbreak in Madrid, Spain, from 2004 to 2005. PG - 158-63 LID - 10.1128/JCM.00469-08 [doi] AB - An outbreak of rubella affected 460 individuals in 2004 and 2005 in the community of Madrid, Spain. Most of the patients were nonvaccinated Latin American immigrants or Spanish males. This study presents the first data on rubella virus genotypes in Spain. Forty selected clinical samples (2 urine, 5 serum, 3 blood, 2 saliva, and 28 pharyngeal exudate samples) from 40 cases were collected. The 739-nucleotide sequence recommended by the World Health Organization obtained from viral RNA in these samples was analyzed by using the MEGA v4.0 software. Seventeen isolates were obtained from 40 clinical samples from the outbreak, including two isolated from congenital rubella syndrome cases. Only viral RNA of genotype 1j was detected in both isolates and clinical specimens. Two variations in amino acids, G253C and T394S, which are involved in neutralization epitopes arose during the outbreak, but apparently there was no positive selection of either of them. The origin of the outbreak remains unknown because of poor virologic surveillance in Latin America and the African countries neighboring Spain. On the other hand, this is the first report of this genotype in Europe. The few published sequences of genotype 1j indicate that it comes from Japan and the Philippines, but there are no epidemiological data supporting this as the origin of the Madrid outbreak. FAU - Martínez-Torres, A O AU - Martínez-Torres AO AD - Laboratorio de Aislamiento y Detección de Virus, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km 2, Majadahonda (28220), Madrid, Spain. amartinet13@hotmail.com FAU - Mosquera, M M AU - Mosquera MM FAU - Sanz, J C AU - Sanz JC FAU - Ramos, B AU - Ramos B FAU - Echevarría, J E AU - Echevarría JE LA - eng SI - GENBANK/EU518606 SI - GENBANK/EU518607 SI - GENBANK/EU518608 SI - GENBANK/EU518609 SI - GENBANK/EU518610 SI - GENBANK/EU518611 SI - GENBANK/EU518612 SI - GENBANK/EU518613 SI - GENBANK/EU518614 SI - GENBANK/EU518615 SI - GENBANK/EU518616 SI - GENBANK/EU518617 SI - GENBANK/EU518618 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20081119 TA - J Clin Microbiol JT - Journal of clinical microbiology JID - 7505564 RN - 0 (Epitopes) RN - 0 (RNA, Viral) RN - 0 (Viral Structural Proteins) SB - IM MH - *Disease Outbreaks MH - Epitopes/genetics/immunology MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - Mutation, Missense MH - *Phylogeny MH - RNA, Viral/genetics MH - Rubella/*epidemiology/*virology MH - Rubella virus/*classification/*genetics/isolation & purification MH - Sequence Analysis, DNA MH - Sequence Homology MH - Spain/epidemiology MH - Viral Structural Proteins/genetics/immunology PMC - PMC2620836 EDAT- 2008/11/21 09:00 MHDA- 2009/02/03 09:00 CRDT- 2008/11/21 09:00 PHST- 2008/11/21 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2009/02/03 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2008/11/21 09:00 [entrez] AID - JCM.00469-08 [pii] AID - 0469-08 [pii] AID - 10.1128/JCM.00469-08 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Clin Microbiol. 2009 Jan;47(1):158-63. doi: 10.1128/JCM.00469-08. Epub 2008 Nov 19. PMID- 20399228 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20101112 LR - 20100804 IS - 1879-0984 (Electronic) IS - 0166-0934 (Linking) VI - 167 IP - 2 DP - 2010 Aug TI - Development of a high-throughput rubella virus infectivity assay based on viral activation of caspases. PG - 199-204 LID - 10.1016/j.jviromet.2010.04.006 [doi] AB - Rubella virus (RV, German measles) is a teratogenic agent that can lead to serious congenital defects after maternal infection during early pregnancy. Currently, the disease can be prevented effectively by available live attenuated vaccines. An important requisite for the manufacture and release of a safe and potent live virus vaccine is the measurement of the vaccine titer (potency), to ensure the correct dose and efficacy of the vaccine. One historical method for measuring potency is the endpoint dilution TCID(50) assay. Traditionally, RV TCID(50) titers are calculated after visual inspection of cells for presence of cytopathic effect (CPE). Such visual scoring is tedious and labor intensive. The development of a new TCID(50) readout method, based on a fluorescent molecular marker of RV-induced apoptosis, is described in this report. Further, in order to calculate TCID(50) potency a novel mathematical model was established to convert the numerical fluorescence measurements into categorical data. Finally, the assay parameters such as signal-to-noise ratio, robustness, variability and bias were optimized. This new readout method demonstrated strong concordance with the standard manual scoring of CPE, and therefore can provide a practical, objective and higher-throughput alternative to the traditional TCID(50) readout used for calculating titers of rubella virus. CI - Copyright (c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. FAU - Bose, Pulkit S AU - Bose PS AD - Global Vaccine Technology and Engineering, Merck Manufacturing Division, West Point, PA, USA. FAU - Naspinski, Jennifer AU - Naspinski J FAU - Kartha, Girish AU - Kartha G FAU - Bennett, Philip S AU - Bennett PS FAU - Wang, Christopher J AU - Wang CJ FAU - Haynes, John I 2nd AU - Haynes JI 2nd FAU - Benetti, Luca AU - Benetti L LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20100422 PL - Netherlands TA - J Virol Methods JT - Journal of virological methods JID - 8005839 RN - 0 (Rubella Vaccine) RN - EC 3.4.22.- (Caspases) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Caspases/*analysis MH - Cell Line MH - High-Throughput Screening Assays/*methods MH - Rabbits MH - Rubella Vaccine/immunology/*standards MH - Rubella virus/*isolation & purification/pathogenicity MH - *Viral Load MH - Virology/*methods EDAT- 2010/04/20 06:00 MHDA- 2010/11/13 06:00 CRDT- 2010/04/20 06:00 PHST- 2010/01/22 00:00 [received] PHST- 2010/04/05 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2010/04/08 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2010/04/20 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2010/04/20 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2010/11/13 06:00 [medline] AID - S0166-0934(10)00135-7 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.jviromet.2010.04.006 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Virol Methods. 2010 Aug;167(2):199-204. doi: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2010.04.006. Epub 2010 Apr 22. PMID- 26703711 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20160929 LR - 20191210 IS - 1999-4915 (Electronic) IS - 1999-4915 (Linking) VI - 7 IP - 12 DP - 2015 Nov 26 TI - Activation of the Mitochondrial Apoptotic Signaling Platform during Rubella Virus Infection. PG - 6108-26 LID - 10.3390/v7122928 [doi] AB - Mitochondria- as well as p53-based signaling pathways are central for the execution of the intrinsic apoptotic cascade. Their contribution to rubella virus (RV)-induced apoptosis was addressed through time-specific evaluation of characteristic parameters such as permeabilization of the mitochondrial membrane and subsequent release of the pro-apoptotic proteins apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and cytochrome c from mitochondria. Additionally, expression and localization pattern of p53 and selected members of the multifunctional and stress-inducible cyclophilin family were examined. The application of pifithrin μ as an inhibitor of p53 shuttling to mitochondria reduced RV-induced cell death to an extent similar to that of the broad spectrum caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk (benzyloxycarbonyl-V-A-D-(OMe)-fmk). However, RV progeny generation was not altered. This indicates that, despite an increased survival rate of its cellular host, induction of apoptosis neither supports nor restricts RV replication. Moreover, some of the examined apoptotic markers were affected in a strain-specific manner and differed between the cell culture-adapted strains: Therien and the HPV77 vaccine on the one hand, and a clinical isolate on the other. In summary, the results presented indicate that the transcription-independent mitochondrial p53 program contributes to RV-induced apoptosis. FAU - Claus, Claudia AU - Claus C AD - Institute of Virology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. claudia.claus@medizin.uni-leipzig.de. FAU - Manssen, Lena AU - Manssen L AD - Institute of Virology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. lenamanssen@yahoo.de. FAU - Hübner, Denise AU - Hübner D AD - Institute of Virology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. Denise.Huebner@medizin.uni-leipzig.de. FAU - Roßmark, Sarah AU - Roßmark S AD - Institute of Virology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. sarah.rossmark@medizin.uni-leipzig.de. FAU - Bothe, Viktoria AU - Bothe V AD - Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany. viktoria.bothe@gmx.de. FAU - Petzold, Alice AU - Petzold A AD - Institute of Virology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. alice_petzold@web.de. FAU - Große, Claudia AU - Große C AD - Institute of Virology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. claudia.268@web.de. FAU - Reins, Mareen AU - Reins M AD - Institute of Virology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. mareen.reins@medizin.uni-leipzig.de. FAU - Mankertz, Annette AU - Mankertz A AD - WHO European Regional Reference Laboratory for Measles and Rubella, Robert Koch-Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany. MankertzA@rki.de. FAU - Frey, Teryl K AU - Frey TK AD - Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA. zfrey@bellsouth.net. FAU - Liebert, Uwe G AU - Liebert UG AD - Institute of Virology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. liebert@medizin.uni-leipzig.de. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20151126 TA - Viruses JT - Viruses JID - 101509722 RN - 0 (Tumor Suppressor Protein p53) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - *Apoptosis MH - Chlorocebus aethiops MH - *Host-Pathogen Interactions MH - Mitochondria/physiology MH - Mitochondrial Membranes/physiology MH - Permeability MH - Rubella virus/*physiology MH - *Signal Transduction MH - Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism MH - Vero Cells MH - *Virus Replication PMC - PMC4690853 OTO - NOTNLM OT - AIF OT - Cyp40 OT - CypA OT - NIM811 OT - PFTμ OT - cyclophilin family OT - cytochrome c OT - mPTP OT - p53 EDAT- 2015/12/26 06:00 MHDA- 2016/09/30 06:00 CRDT- 2015/12/26 06:00 PHST- 2015/08/03 00:00 [received] PHST- 2015/11/16 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2015/11/17 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2015/12/26 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2015/12/26 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2016/09/30 06:00 [medline] AID - v7122928 [pii] AID - viruses-07-02928 [pii] AID - 10.3390/v7122928 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Viruses. 2015 Nov 26;7(12):6108-26. doi: 10.3390/v7122928. PMID- 11475151 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20010809 LR - 20190921 IS - 0939-5555 (Print) IS - 0939-5555 (Linking) VI - 80 IP - 6 DP - 2001 Jun TI - Virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome due to rubella virus and varicella-zoster virus dual infection in patient with adult idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. PG - 361-4 AB - A 26-year-old woman with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) was admitted to our hospital because of fever and rash. Blood tests revealed thrombocytopenia, liver dysfunction, coagulopathy, and hyperferritinemia. Bone marrow examination revealed many atypical lymphocytes and some histiocytes with hemophagocytosis. On admission she was diagnosed with rubella virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome (VHAS), but on laboratory examination, she was seropositive for varicella-zoster virus (VZV)-IgM as well as rubella virus-IgM. She was therefore diagnosed with dual infection by rubella virus and VZV. Her simultaneous rubella virus and VZV infection may have been related to the VAHS pathogenesis. She was treated with prednisolone and gamma globulin therapy and recovered completely. FAU - Takeoka, Y AU - Takeoka Y AD - Department of Clinical Hematology, Osaka City University Medical School, Japan. FAU - Hino, M AU - Hino M FAU - Oiso, N AU - Oiso N FAU - Nishi, S AU - Nishi S FAU - Koh, K R AU - Koh KR FAU - Yamane, T AU - Yamane T FAU - Ohta, K AU - Ohta K FAU - Nakamae, H AU - Nakamae H FAU - Aoyama, Y AU - Aoyama Y FAU - Hirose, A AU - Hirose A FAU - Fujino, H AU - Fujino H FAU - Takubo, T AU - Takubo T FAU - Inoue, T AU - Inoue T FAU - Tatsumi, N AU - Tatsumi N LA - eng PT - Case Reports PT - Journal Article PL - Germany TA - Ann Hematol JT - Annals of hematology JID - 9107334 RN - 0 (gamma-Globulins) RN - 9PHQ9Y1OLM (Prednisolone) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Disease-Free Survival MH - Female MH - Herpes Zoster/*complications MH - Histiocytosis, Non-Langerhans-Cell/etiology/pathology/*virology MH - Humans MH - Japan MH - Prednisolone/administration & dosage MH - Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/*complications/*virology MH - Rubella/*complications MH - gamma-Globulins/administration & dosage EDAT- 2001/07/28 10:00 MHDA- 2001/08/10 10:01 CRDT- 2001/07/28 10:00 PHST- 2001/07/28 10:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2001/08/10 10:01 [medline] PHST- 2001/07/28 10:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1007/s002770000282 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Ann Hematol. 2001 Jun;80(6):361-4. doi: 10.1007/s002770000282. PMID- 22542003 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20120830 LR - 20120521 IS - 1096-0341 (Electronic) IS - 0042-6822 (Linking) VI - 429 IP - 1 DP - 2012 Jul 20 TI - Characterization of cell lines stably transfected with rubella virus replicons. PG - 29-36 LID - 10.1016/j.virol.2012.04.003 [doi] AB - Rubella virus (RUBV) replicons expressing a drug resistance gene and a gene of interest were used to select cell lines uniformly harboring the replicon. Replicons expressing GFP and a virus capsid protein GFP fusion (C-GFP) were compared. Vero or BHK cells transfected with either replicon survived drug selection and grew into a monolayer. However, survival was ~9-fold greater following transfection with the C-GFP-replicon than with the GFP-expressing replicon and while the C-GFP-replicon cells grew similarly to non-transfected cells, the GFP-replicon cells grew slower. Neither was due to the ability of the CP to enhance RNA synthesis but survival during drug selection was correlated with the ability of CP to inhibit apoptosis. Additionally, C-GFP-replicon cells were not cured of the replicon in the absence of drug selection. Interferon-alpha suppressed replicon RNA and protein synthesis, but did not cure the cells, explaining in part the ability of RUBV to establish persistent infections. CI - Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. FAU - Tzeng, Wen-Pin AU - Tzeng WP AD - Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302-4010, USA. FAU - Xu, Jie AU - Xu J FAU - Frey, Teryl K AU - Frey TK LA - eng GR - AI21389/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States GR - AI73799/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural DEP - 20120426 PL - United States TA - Virology JT - Virology JID - 0110674 RN - 0 (Capsid Proteins) RN - 0 (Recombinant Fusion Proteins) RN - 147336-22-9 (Green Fluorescent Proteins) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Capsid Proteins/genetics/metabolism MH - Cell Line/metabolism/*virology MH - Cell Tracking MH - Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics/metabolism MH - Humans MH - Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics/metabolism MH - *Replicon MH - Rubella/*virology MH - Rubella virus/*genetics/physiology MH - Transfection MH - Virus Replication EDAT- 2012/05/01 06:00 MHDA- 2012/08/31 06:00 CRDT- 2012/05/01 06:00 PHST- 2011/12/02 00:00 [received] PHST- 2012/01/05 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2012/04/10 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2012/05/01 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2012/05/01 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2012/08/31 06:00 [medline] AID - S0042-6822(12)00186-9 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.virol.2012.04.003 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Virology. 2012 Jul 20;429(1):29-36. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2012.04.003. Epub 2012 Apr 26. PMID- 11266204 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20010412 LR - 20190815 IS - 0304-8608 (Print) IS - 0304-8608 (Linking) VI - 146 IP - 1 DP - 2001 TI - Rubella virus glycoprotein interaction with the endoplasmic reticulum calreticulin and calnexin. PG - 1-14 AB - Very little is known about the cellular factors that are required for the maturation of rubella virus glycoproteins (E2 and E1) in the endoplasmic reticulum of the infected cell. In the present study, we established the interaction of the ER chaperone proteins, calreticulin and calnexin, with the RV E1 and E2 proteins in cells stably expressing the viral proteins. The interaction between E2 and calnexin was significantly higher than with calreticulin. In pulse-chase experiments, the half-life of the E2-calnexin was >45 min, whereas the half-life of the calreticulin-E2 interaction was approximately 10 min. Tunicamycin and castanospermine treatments altered the mobilities of intracellular E1 and E2, due to either lack of oligosaccharide ligand addition or trimming of terminal glucose residues, respectively. Further, the drug treatments resulted in a loss of E1 and E2 interaction with calreticulin or calnexin, thereby demonstrating that the interaction is through monoglucosylated forms of RV proteins. These studies suggest that the interaction of RV glycoproteins with the ER chaperone proteins is essential for their maturation in the endoplasmic reticulum. FAU - Nakhasi, H L AU - Nakhasi HL AD - Laboratory of Parasitic Biology and Biochemistry, Division of Allergenic Products and Parasitology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. FAU - Ramanujam, M AU - Ramanujam M FAU - Atreya, C D AU - Atreya CD FAU - Hobman, T C AU - Hobman TC FAU - Lee, N AU - Lee N FAU - Esmaili, A AU - Esmaili A FAU - Duncan, R C AU - Duncan RC LA - eng PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. PL - Austria TA - Arch Virol JT - Archives of virology JID - 7506870 RN - 0 (Antiviral Agents) RN - 0 (Calcium-Binding Proteins) RN - 0 (Calreticulin) RN - 0 (Enzyme Inhibitors) RN - 0 (Glycoproteins) RN - 0 (Indolizines) RN - 0 (Molecular Chaperones) RN - 0 (Ribonucleoproteins) RN - 0 (Viral Envelope Proteins) RN - 11089-65-9 (Tunicamycin) RN - 131016-01-8 (E1 envelope protein, Rubella virus) RN - 131016-03-0 (E2 envelope protein, Rubella virus) RN - 139873-08-8 (Calnexin) RN - Q0I3184XM7 (castanospermine) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Antiviral Agents/pharmacology MH - CHO Cells/drug effects/virology MH - Calcium-Binding Proteins/*metabolism MH - Calnexin MH - Calreticulin MH - Cricetinae MH - Endoplasmic Reticulum/*metabolism/virology MH - Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology MH - Glycoproteins/*metabolism MH - Indolizines/pharmacology MH - Kinetics MH - Molecular Chaperones/*metabolism MH - Protein Binding MH - Ribonucleoproteins/*metabolism MH - Rubella virus/*metabolism MH - Tunicamycin/pharmacology MH - Viral Envelope Proteins/metabolism EDAT- 2001/03/27 10:00 MHDA- 2001/04/17 10:01 CRDT- 2001/03/27 10:00 PHST- 2001/03/27 10:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2001/04/17 10:01 [medline] PHST- 2001/03/27 10:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1007/s007050170186 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Arch Virol. 2001;146(1):1-14. doi: 10.1007/s007050170186. PMID- 17325367 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20070411 LR - 20201026 IS - 0022-1317 (Print) IS - 0022-1317 (Linking) VI - 88 IP - Pt 3 DP - 2007 Mar TI - Genomic analysis of diverse rubella virus genotypes. PG - 932-941 LID - 10.1099/vir.0.82495-0 [doi] AB - Based on the sequence of the E1 glycoprotein gene, two clades and ten genotypes of Rubella virus have been distinguished; however, genomic sequences have been determined for viruses in only two of these genotypes. In this report, genomic sequences for viruses in an additional six genotypes were determined. The genome was found to be well conserved. The viruses in all eight of these genotypes had the same number of nucleotides in each of the two open reading frames (ORFs) and the untranslated regions (UTRs) at the 5' and 3' ends of the genome. Only the UTR between the ORFs (the junction region) exhibited differences in length. Of the nucleotides in the genome, 78% were invariant. The greatest observed distance between viruses in different genotypes was 8.74% and the maximum calculated genetic distance was 14.78 substitutions in 100 sites. This degree of variability was similar among regions of the genome with two exceptions, both within the P150 non-structural protein gene: the N-terminal region that encodes the methyl/guanylyltransferase domain was less variable, whereas the hypervariable domain in the middle of the gene was more divergent. Comparative phylogenetic analysis of different regions of the genome was done, using sequences from 43 viruses of the non-structural protease (near the 5' end of the genome), the junction region (the middle) and the E1 gene (the 3' end). Phylogenetic segregation of sequences from these three genomic regions was similar with the exception of genotype 1B viruses, among which a recombinational event near the junction region was identified. FAU - Zhou, Yumei AU - Zhou Y AD - Department of Developmental Medical Sciences, Institute of International Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. AD - Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA. FAU - Ushijima, Hiroshi AU - Ushijima H AD - Department of Developmental Medical Sciences, Institute of International Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. FAU - Frey, Teryl K AU - Frey TK AD - Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA. LA - eng SI - GENBANK/AB047329 SI - GENBANK/AB047330 SI - GENBANK/AF188704 SI - GENBANK/AF435865 SI - GENBANK/AF435866 SI - GENBANK/AY258322 SI - GENBANK/AY258323 SI - GENBANK/DQ085338 SI - GENBANK/DQ085339 SI - GENBANK/DQ085340 SI - GENBANK/DQ085341 SI - GENBANK/DQ085342 SI - GENBANK/DQ085343 SI - GENBANK/DQ388279 SI - GENBANK/DQ388280 SI - GENBANK/DQ388281 SI - GENBANK/L78917 SI - GENBANK/M15240 SI - GENBANK/X05259 SI - GENBANK/X72393 GR - AI21389/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PL - England TA - J Gen Virol JT - The Journal of general virology JID - 0077340 RN - 0 (3' Untranslated Regions) RN - 0 (5' Untranslated Regions) RN - 0 (DNA, Complementary) RN - 0 (DNA, Intergenic) RN - 0 (RNA, Viral) RN - 0 (Viral Proteins) SB - IM MH - 3' Untranslated Regions/genetics MH - 5' Untranslated Regions/genetics MH - Base Sequence MH - Conserved Sequence MH - DNA, Complementary MH - DNA, Intergenic MH - Genetic Variation MH - *Genome, Viral MH - Genotype MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - Open Reading Frames/genetics MH - Phylogeny MH - RNA, Viral/*genetics MH - Recombination, Genetic MH - Rubella virus/classification/*genetics MH - Sequence Analysis, DNA MH - Sequence Homology MH - Viral Proteins/genetics EDAT- 2007/02/28 09:00 MHDA- 2007/04/12 09:00 CRDT- 2007/02/28 09:00 PHST- 2007/02/28 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2007/04/12 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2007/02/28 09:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1099/vir.0.82495-0 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Gen Virol. 2007 Mar;88(Pt 3):932-941. doi: 10.1099/vir.0.82495-0. PMID- 17452187 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20070614 LR - 20070424 IS - 0002-9394 (Print) IS - 0002-9394 (Linking) VI - 143 IP - 5 DP - 2007 May TI - Rubella virus-associated uveitis in a nonvaccinated child. PG - 899-900 AB - PURPOSE: To report presumed Fuchs heterochromic uveitis (FHU) associated with Rubella virus (RV)-specific intraocular antibody production in a child who was not vaccinated against rubella. DESIGN: Observational case report. METHODS: We examined a 13-year-old boy with chronic anterior uveitis complicated by mature cataract. Two aqueous humor (AH) samples taken with an interval of four weeks were analyzed for intraocular antibody production against RV by calculation of the Goldmann-Witmer coefficient. RESULTS: The patient showed all the clinical signs for FHU: iris atrophy, stellate keratic precipitates, and cataract. Analysis of the AH demonstrated intraocular antibody production against RV in two sequential samples. CONCLUSIONS: The data show that RV-associated uveitis can already present during childhood. Moreover, this finding suggests that nonvaccinated children may be at risk to develop uveitis after RV infection. FAU - Siemerink, Martin J AU - Siemerink MJ AD - F. C. Donders Institute of Ophthalmology, Eijkman Winkler Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. FAU - Sijssens, Karen M AU - Sijssens KM FAU - de Groot-Mijnes, Jolanda D F AU - de Groot-Mijnes JD FAU - de Boer, Joke H AU - de Boer JH LA - eng PT - Case Reports PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20070102 PL - United States TA - Am J Ophthalmol JT - American journal of ophthalmology JID - 0370500 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Rubella Vaccine) SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Antibodies, Viral/analysis MH - Aqueous Humor/immunology MH - Eye Infections, Viral/immunology/*virology MH - Humans MH - Iridocyclitis/immunology/*virology MH - Male MH - Rubella/immunology/*virology MH - *Rubella Vaccine MH - Rubella virus/immunology/*pathogenicity EDAT- 2007/04/25 09:00 MHDA- 2007/06/15 09:00 CRDT- 2007/04/25 09:00 PHST- 2006/07/31 00:00 [received] PHST- 2006/11/17 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2006/11/22 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2007/04/25 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2007/06/15 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2007/04/25 09:00 [entrez] AID - S0002-9394(06)01370-5 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.ajo.2006.11.052 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Am J Ophthalmol. 2007 May;143(5):899-900. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2006.11.052. Epub 2007 Jan 2. PMID- 19539969 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20090731 LR - 20201209 IS - 1096-0341 (Electronic) IS - 0042-6822 (Linking) VI - 390 IP - 2 DP - 2009 Aug 1 TI - Determinants of subcellular localization of the rubella virus nonstructural replicase proteins. PG - 315-23 LID - 10.1016/j.virol.2009.05.019 [doi] AB - The rubella virus (RUBV) nonstructural replicase proteins (NSPs), P150 and P90, are proteolytically processed from a P200 precursor. To understand the NSPs' function in the establishment of virus RNA replication complexes (RCs), the NSPs were analyzed in virus-infected cells or cells transfected with NSP-expressing plasmids. In infected cells, P150 was localized in cytoplasmic foci at 24 hpi and in cytoplasmic fibers, unique to RUBV, by 48 hpi. RCs, marked by dsRNA, colocalized with P150-foci, but only occasionally with the endosome/lysosome marker LAMP-2, indicating that RNA synthesis occurs at other sites rather than exclusively in endosomes/lysosomes as was previously thought. An expressed cleavage-deficient form of P200 also localized to cytoplasmic foci, suggesting that the precursor is required for targeting to sites of RC establishment. P150 was found to be the determinant of fiber formation and the NSP membrane-binding domain was mapped to the N-terminus of P150. FAU - Matthews, Jason D AU - Matthews JD AD - Department of Biology, Georgia State University, PO Box 4010, Atlanta, GA 30302-4010, USA. FAU - Tzeng, Wen-Pin AU - Tzeng WP FAU - Frey, Teryl K AU - Frey TK LA - eng GR - AI21389/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural DEP - 20090618 PL - United States TA - Virology JT - Virology JID - 0110674 RN - 0 (Viral Nonstructural Proteins) RN - EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Binding Sites MH - Cell Membrane/chemistry MH - Chlorocebus aethiops MH - Cytoplasm/chemistry MH - Microscopy, Confocal MH - Protein Binding MH - Protein Transport MH - RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase/genetics/*metabolism MH - Rubella virus/*physiology MH - Vero Cells MH - Viral Nonstructural Proteins/genetics/*metabolism EDAT- 2009/06/23 09:00 MHDA- 2009/08/01 09:00 CRDT- 2009/06/23 09:00 PHST- 2009/03/31 00:00 [received] PHST- 2009/04/18 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2009/05/12 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2009/06/23 09:00 [entrez] PHST- 2009/06/23 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2009/08/01 09:00 [medline] AID - S0042-6822(09)00308-0 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.virol.2009.05.019 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Virology. 2009 Aug 1;390(2):315-23. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2009.05.019. Epub 2009 Jun 18. PMID- 16954259 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20061027 LR - 20191210 IS - 0095-1137 (Print) IS - 1098-660X (Electronic) IS - 0095-1137 (Linking) VI - 44 IP - 9 DP - 2006 Sep TI - Development of a new method for diagnosis of rubella virus infection by reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification. PG - 3268-73 AB - We developed a useful method for the detection of rubella virus genome RNA by reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) and compared the sensitivity of RT-LAMP with that of other virological tests: reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) and virus isolation. The rubella virus genome was amplified by RT-LAMP from clinical isolates obtained between 1987 and 2004 with similar sensitivities to the Takahashi vaccine strain. The detection limit of RT-LAMP was compared with that of RT-PCR using the Takahashi vaccine strain. We detected rubella virus genome material corresponding to 30 PFU/ml in a culture fluid sample by RT-LAMP within 60 min after the extraction of RNA with equal sensitivity to RT-nested PCR. The positive result rates of RT-LAMP, RT-PCR, and virus isolation were also compared using throat swabs obtained from patients who were clinically diagnosed with acute rubella virus infection in 2004 in Tochigi, Japan. Among nine patients with clinical rubella, the positive result rates were three/nine (33.3%) for virus isolation, six/nine (66.7%) for RT-PCR, and seven/nine (77.8%) for RT-LAMP. Consequently, RT-LAMP for rubella virus would be expected to be a reliable rapid diagnostic tool in the clinical setting. FAU - Mori, Nobuo AU - Mori N AD - Laboratory of Viral Infection I, Kitasato Institute for Life Science, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan. FAU - Motegi, Yoshie AU - Motegi Y FAU - Shimamura, Yasushi AU - Shimamura Y FAU - Ezaki, Takashi AU - Ezaki T FAU - Natsumeda, Tomo AU - Natsumeda T FAU - Yonekawa, Toshihiro AU - Yonekawa T FAU - Ota, Yoshinori AU - Ota Y FAU - Notomi, Tsugunori AU - Notomi T FAU - Nakayama, Tetsuo AU - Nakayama T LA - eng PT - Evaluation Study PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't TA - J Clin Microbiol JT - Journal of clinical microbiology JID - 7505564 RN - 0 (RNA, Viral) SB - IM MH - Genome, Viral MH - Humans MH - Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques/*methods MH - RNA, Viral/analysis/isolation & purification MH - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction MH - Rubella/*diagnosis/virology MH - Rubella virus/genetics/isolation & purification MH - Sensitivity and Specificity PMC - PMC1594746 EDAT- 2006/09/07 09:00 MHDA- 2006/10/28 09:00 CRDT- 2006/09/07 09:00 PHST- 2006/09/07 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2006/10/28 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2006/09/07 09:00 [entrez] AID - 44/9/3268 [pii] AID - 0803-06 [pii] AID - 10.1128/JCM.00803-06 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Clin Microbiol. 2006 Sep;44(9):3268-73. doi: 10.1128/JCM.00803-06. PMID- 19176617 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20090410 LR - 20211020 IS - 1098-5514 (Electronic) IS - 0022-538X (Print) IS - 0022-538X (Linking) VI - 83 IP - 8 DP - 2009 Apr TI - Functional replacement of a domain in the rubella virus p150 replicase protein by the virus capsid protein. PG - 3549-55 LID - 10.1128/JVI.02411-08 [doi] AB - The rubella virus (RUBV) capsid (C) protein rescues mutants with a lethal deletion between two in-frame NotI sites in the P150 replicase gene, a deletion encompassing nucleotides 1685 to 2192 of the RUBV genome and amino acids (aa) 548 to 717 of P150 (which has a total length of 1,301 aa). The complete domain rescuable by the C protein was mapped to aa 497 to 803 of P150. Introduction of aa 1 to 277 of the C protein (lacking the C-terminal E2 signal sequence) between the NotI sites in the P150 gene in a replicon construct yielded a viable construct that synthesized viral RNA with wild-type kinetics, indicating that C and this region of P150 share a common function. Further genetic analysis revealed that an arginine-rich motif between aa 60 and 68 of the C protein was necessary for the rescue of DeltaNotI deletion mutants and substituted for an arginine-rich motif between aa 731 and 735 of the P150 protein when the C protein was introduced into P150. Possible common functions shared by these arginine-rich motifs include RNA binding and interaction with cell proteins. FAU - Tzeng, Wen-Pin AU - Tzeng WP AD - Biology Department, Georgia State University, P.O. Box 4010, Atlanta, GA 30302-4010, USA. FAU - Frey, Teryl K AU - Frey TK LA - eng GR - R01 AI021389/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States GR - R21 AI073799/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States GR - AI73799/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States GR - AI21389/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural DEP - 20090128 TA - J Virol JT - Journal of virology JID - 0113724 RN - 0 (Capsid Proteins) RN - EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase) SB - IM MH - Capsid Proteins/*genetics MH - Mutagenesis, Insertional MH - Protein Structure, Tertiary MH - RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase/chemistry/*genetics MH - *Recombination, Genetic MH - Rubella virus/*genetics/physiology MH - Sequence Deletion MH - *Virus Replication PMC - PMC2663237 EDAT- 2009/01/30 09:00 MHDA- 2009/04/11 09:00 CRDT- 2009/01/30 09:00 PHST- 2009/01/30 09:00 [entrez] PHST- 2009/01/30 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2009/04/11 09:00 [medline] AID - JVI.02411-08 [pii] AID - 2411-08 [pii] AID - 10.1128/JVI.02411-08 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Virol. 2009 Apr;83(8):3549-55. doi: 10.1128/JVI.02411-08. Epub 2009 Jan 28. PMID- 11017784 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20001031 LR - 20131121 IS - 0042-6822 (Print) IS - 0042-6822 (Linking) VI - 275 IP - 1 DP - 2000 Sep 15 TI - Rubella virus capsid protein induces apoptosis in transfected RK13 cells. PG - 20-9 AB - Rubella virus is an enveloped positive-strand RNA virus that can cause mild to severe birth defects or death in an infected fetus. RV induction of programmed cell death, demonstrated in cell culture, has been implicated in the pathogenesis. The timing of apoptosis, 48 h p.i., suggested that accumulation of RV structural proteins might induce cell death in infected cells. Expression of RV structural proteins, capsid, envelope glycoproteins E1 and E2, in transiently transfected RK13 cells was as potent an inducer of cell death as RV infection. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that RV structural protein transfected cells exhibited the condensed nuclei typical of apoptotic cell death. Transfection with the capsid protein construct, but not E2 and E1, resulted in as much cell death as joint expression of all three RV structural proteins. Capsid required a membrane-anchoring domain to induce cell death, but a heterologous polypeptide fused to the capsid membrane anchor did not cause apoptosis. Deletion mutants demonstrated that the apoptosis-inducing activity resides in the N-terminal 170 amino acids of capsid. Though apoptosis-inducing capsid constructs appear to have an ER sub-cellular localization, disruption of the ER calcium storage capacity does not correlate with cell death. Mechanisms consistent with these results are discussed. CI - Copyright 2000 Academic Press. FAU - Duncan, R AU - Duncan R AD - Laboratory of Parasitic Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. Duncan@cber.fda.gov FAU - Esmaili, A AU - Esmaili A FAU - Law, L M AU - Law LM FAU - Bertholet, S AU - Bertholet S FAU - Hough, C AU - Hough C FAU - Hobman, T C AU - Hobman TC FAU - Nakhasi, H L AU - Nakhasi HL LA - eng PT - Journal Article PL - United States TA - Virology JT - Virology JID - 0110674 RN - 0 (Protein Sorting Signals) RN - 67526-95-8 (Thapsigargin) RN - SY7Q814VUP (Calcium) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - *Apoptosis/drug effects MH - Biological Transport MH - Blotting, Western MH - Calcium/metabolism MH - Capsid/genetics/*physiology MH - Cell Line MH - Endoplasmic Reticulum/drug effects/metabolism MH - Flow Cytometry MH - Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect MH - In Situ Nick-End Labeling MH - Mice MH - Protein Sorting Signals/genetics/physiology MH - Rabbits MH - Rubella virus/genetics/*physiology MH - Sequence Deletion/genetics MH - Thapsigargin/pharmacology MH - Transfection EDAT- 2000/10/06 11:00 MHDA- 2001/02/28 10:01 CRDT- 2000/10/06 11:00 PHST- 2000/10/06 11:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2001/02/28 10:01 [medline] PHST- 2000/10/06 11:00 [entrez] AID - S0042-6822(00)90467-7 [pii] AID - 10.1006/viro.2000.0467 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Virology. 2000 Sep 15;275(1):20-9. doi: 10.1006/viro.2000.0467. PMID- 11163658 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20010510 LR - 20190728 IS - 0264-410X (Print) IS - 0264-410X (Linking) VI - 19 IP - 11-12 DP - 2001 Jan 8 TI - Inhibition of rubella virus growth by Fungizone. PG - 1369-72 AB - Fungizone added to agar overlay medium inhibited plaque formation in both size and number by rubella virus in rabbit kidney 13 cells. In the presence of 1 microg/ml of Fungizone, the diameter of the plaques was reduced to one half of that in the absence of the drug, and at 5 microg/ml, plaque formation was inhibited by 80%. When the drug was added to the culture medium, the growth of infectious virus was also inhibited with reduction in the synthesis of envelope glycoprotein E1 and capsid protein C in infected cells. FAU - Umino, Y AU - Umino Y AD - Department of Viral Diseases and Vaccine Control, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama-shi, 208-0011, Tokyo, Japan.umino@nih.go.jp FAU - Tashiro, M AU - Tashiro M LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - Netherlands TA - Vaccine JT - Vaccine JID - 8406899 RN - 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents) RN - 0 (Viral Core Proteins) RN - 0 (Viral Envelope Proteins) RN - 0 (nucleocapsid protein (C), rubella virus) RN - 131016-01-8 (E1 envelope protein, Rubella virus) RN - 7XU7A7DROE (Amphotericin B) SB - IM MH - Amphotericin B/*pharmacology MH - Animals MH - Anti-Bacterial Agents/*pharmacology MH - Capsid/biosynthesis MH - Cell Line MH - Rabbits MH - Rubella virus/*drug effects/growth & development/physiology MH - Viral Core Proteins/biosynthesis MH - Viral Envelope Proteins/biosynthesis MH - Viral Plaque Assay MH - Virus Cultivation EDAT- 2001/02/13 11:00 MHDA- 2001/05/22 10:01 CRDT- 2001/02/13 11:00 PHST- 2001/02/13 11:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2001/05/22 10:01 [medline] PHST- 2001/02/13 11:00 [entrez] AID - S0264-410X(00)00371-6 [pii] AID - 10.1016/s0264-410x(00)00371-6 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Vaccine. 2001 Jan 8;19(11-12):1369-72. doi: 10.1016/s0264-410x(00)00371-6. PMID- 20580632 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20101102 LR - 20191210 IS - 1879-0984 (Electronic) IS - 0166-0934 (Linking) VI - 168 IP - 1-2 DP - 2010 Sep TI - Development of a novel TaqMan real-time PCR assay for detecting rubella virus RNA. PG - 267-71 LID - 10.1016/j.jviromet.2010.05.016 [doi] AB - Although the number of cases of rubella and congenital rubella syndrome has decreased recently in Japan, both are still important health problems. To control rubella infection, a rapid and reliable method for diagnosis of rubella is required as soon as possible. Direct detection of the viral genome in clinical samples is viewed as crucial for laboratory diagnosis. In this study, a novel diagnostic method for rubella virus, based on a fluorogenic real-time PCR (TaqMan) assay, was developed, and its sensitivity for various virus strains was compared with that of a conventional RT-PCR. The new assay allowed more rapid and sensitive detection of the virus than did the conventional RT-PCR, and could detect at least 10 pfu of the native strains in Japan (1a, 1D, 1j). CI - Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. FAU - Okamoto, Kiyoko AU - Okamoto K AD - Laboratory of Rubella, Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan. k-okmt@nih.go.jp FAU - Fujii, Kaoru AU - Fujii K FAU - Komase, Katsuhiro AU - Komase K LA - eng PT - Comparative Study PT - Evaluation Study PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20100601 PL - Netherlands TA - J Virol Methods JT - Journal of virological methods JID - 8005839 RN - 0 (RNA, Viral) SB - IM MH - Humans MH - Japan MH - Polymerase Chain Reaction/*methods MH - RNA, Viral/genetics/*isolation & purification MH - Rubella/*diagnosis MH - Rubella virus/genetics/*isolation & purification MH - Sensitivity and Specificity MH - Time Factors MH - Virology/*methods EDAT- 2010/06/29 06:00 MHDA- 2010/11/03 06:00 CRDT- 2010/06/29 06:00 PHST- 2010/01/08 00:00 [received] PHST- 2010/05/18 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2010/05/25 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2010/06/29 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2010/06/29 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2010/11/03 06:00 [medline] AID - S0166-0934(10)00199-0 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.jviromet.2010.05.016 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Virol Methods. 2010 Sep;168(1-2):267-71. doi: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2010.05.016. Epub 2010 Jun 1. PMID- 18367579 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20080605 LR - 20211020 IS - 1098-660X (Electronic) IS - 0095-1137 (Print) IS - 0095-1137 (Linking) VI - 46 IP - 5 DP - 2008 May TI - Evaluation of rubella virus immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM assays with the new Vidia instrument. PG - 1847-9 LID - 10.1128/JCM.00468-08 [doi] AB - For rubella virus immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM detection, Vidia assays were compared to Vidas, AxSYM, and Liaison assays with 419 serum samples. Only Vidia produced a sensitivity of 100% for IgG and IgM. Vidia specificities were 98.4% for IgG and 99.8% for IgM, versus Vidas specificities of 100 and 99.3%. Vidia IgG and IgM assays performed equally well. FAU - Medici, Maria Cristina AU - Medici MC AD - Section of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Parma, Viale Antonio Gramsci, 14, 43100 Parma, Italy. mariacristina.medici@unipr.it FAU - Martinelli, Monica AU - Martinelli M FAU - Albonetti, Valeria AU - Albonetti V FAU - Chezzi, Carlo AU - Chezzi C FAU - Dettori, Giuseppe AU - Dettori G LA - eng PT - Comparative Study PT - Evaluation Study PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20080326 TA - J Clin Microbiol JT - Journal of clinical microbiology JID - 7505564 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin G) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin M) SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - Antibodies, Viral/*blood MH - Child MH - Child, Preschool MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Immunoassay/instrumentation/*methods MH - Immunoglobulin G/*blood MH - Immunoglobulin M/*blood MH - Infant MH - Middle Aged MH - Pregnancy MH - Rubella/*diagnosis/immunology MH - Rubella virus/immunology/*isolation & purification MH - Sensitivity and Specificity PMC - PMC2395110 EDAT- 2008/03/28 09:00 MHDA- 2008/06/06 09:00 CRDT- 2008/03/28 09:00 PHST- 2008/03/28 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2008/06/06 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2008/03/28 09:00 [entrez] AID - JCM.00468-08 [pii] AID - 0468-08 [pii] AID - 10.1128/JCM.00468-08 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Clin Microbiol. 2008 May;46(5):1847-9. doi: 10.1128/JCM.00468-08. Epub 2008 Mar 26. PMID- 23113057 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE DCOM- 20130704 LR - 20211021 IS - 2251-6085 (Print) IS - 2251-6093 (Electronic) IS - 2251-6085 (Linking) VI - 40 IP - 1 DP - 2011 TI - Microtitration of rubella virus in monovalent vaccinal products. PG - 68-71 AB - BACKGROUND: Potency test for control of rubella vaccine is a significant factor to qualify production line and vaccination program. For this reason, WHO recommends to use the microtitration method by both vaccine companies and control laboratories. Then the study was done to improve this test. METHODS: Three rubella virus samples, including an in-house standard, a lot of vaccine and an in-process product, were tittered in cell culture tubes. Then micro titration steps were tested on 96-well microplate using cocultivation of standard rubella vaccine dilutions and RK-13 cell line. After 6-7 days, final reading was done and calculated the titer. Two other samples were assayed with the micromethod. RESULTS: Titer reduction less than 0.5 log was acquired for each sample during frequent tests and between two methods. CONCLUSION: The procedure was profitable and accurate for potency and identity tests of rubella virus vaccine, on the basis of WHO recommendations. FAU - Esna-Ashari, F AU - Esna-Ashari F AD - Dept. of Human Viral Vaccines, Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran. FAU - Shafyi, A AU - Shafyi A FAU - Taqavian, M AU - Taqavian M FAU - Mohammadi, A AU - Mohammadi A FAU - Sadigh, Za AU - Sadigh Z FAU - Sabiri, Ghh AU - Sabiri G FAU - Mirshahreza, H AU - Mirshahreza H FAU - Hamzehloo, Z AU - Hamzehloo Z FAU - Taleblue, F AU - Taleblue F FAU - Sheikh-Mohammadi, N AU - Sheikh-Mohammadi N LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20110331 TA - Iran J Public Health JT - Iranian journal of public health JID - 7505531 PMC - PMC3481716 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Microplate OT - Microtitration OT - Potency test OT - Rubella virus EDAT- 2011/01/01 00:00 MHDA- 2011/01/01 00:01 CRDT- 2012/11/01 06:00 PHST- 2010/09/07 00:00 [received] PHST- 2011/02/28 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2012/11/01 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2011/01/01 00:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2011/01/01 00:01 [medline] AID - ijph-40-68 [pii] PST - ppublish SO - Iran J Public Health. 2011;40(1):68-71. Epub 2011 Mar 31. PMID- 22238231 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20120507 LR - 20211021 IS - 1465-2099 (Electronic) IS - 0022-1317 (Print) IS - 0022-1317 (Linking) VI - 93 IP - Pt 4 DP - 2012 Apr TI - Binding of cellular p32 protein to the rubella virus P150 replicase protein via PxxPxR motifs. PG - 807-816 LID - 10.1099/vir.0.038901-0 [doi] AB - A proline-rich region (PRR) within the rubella virus (RUBV) P150 replicase protein that contains three SH3 domain-binding motifs (PxxPxR) was investigated for its ability to bind cell proteins. Pull-down experiments using a glutathione S-transferase-PRR fusion revealed PxxPxR motif-specific binding with human p32 protein (gC1qR), which could be mediated by either of the first two motifs. This finding was of interest because p32 protein also binds to the RUBV capsid protein. Binding of p32 to P150 was confirmed and was abolished by mutation of the first two motifs. When mutations in the first two motifs were introduced into a RUBV cDNA infectious clone, virus replication was significantly impaired. However, virus RNA synthesis was found to be unaffected, and subsequent immunofluorescence analysis of RUBV-infected cells revealed co-localization of p32 and P150 but little overlap of p32 with RNA replication complexes, indicating that p32 does not participate directly in virus RNA synthesis. Thus, the role of p32 in RUBV replication remains unresolved. FAU - Suppiah, Suganthi AU - Suppiah S AD - Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA. FAU - Mousa, Heather A AU - Mousa HA AD - Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA. FAU - Tzeng, Wen-Pin AU - Tzeng WP AD - Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA. FAU - Matthews, Jason D AU - Matthews JD AD - Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA. FAU - Frey, Teryl K AU - Frey TK AD - Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA. LA - eng GR - R01 AI021389/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States GR - R21 AI073799/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States GR - AI73799/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States GR - AI21389/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural DEP - 20120113 TA - J Gen Virol JT - The Journal of general virology JID - 0077340 RN - 0 (C1QBP protein, human) RN - 0 (Capsid Proteins) RN - 0 (Carrier Proteins) RN - 0 (Mitochondrial Proteins) RN - 0 (RNA, Viral) RN - 0 (Viral Nonstructural Proteins) RN - EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Capsid Proteins/metabolism/physiology MH - Carrier Proteins/*metabolism MH - Chlorocebus aethiops MH - Humans MH - Mitochondrial Proteins/*metabolism MH - Proline-Rich Protein Domains/genetics/*physiology MH - Protein Binding MH - RNA, Viral/metabolism/physiology MH - RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase/genetics/*metabolism/physiology MH - Rubella virus/genetics/metabolism/*physiology MH - Vero Cells MH - Viral Nonstructural Proteins/genetics/metabolism/physiology MH - Virus Replication/genetics/physiology MH - src Homology Domains/physiology PMC - PMC3542713 EDAT- 2012/01/13 06:00 MHDA- 2012/05/09 06:00 CRDT- 2012/01/13 06:00 PHST- 2012/01/13 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2012/01/13 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2012/05/09 06:00 [medline] AID - 038901 [pii] AID - 10.1099/vir.0.038901-0 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Gen Virol. 2012 Apr;93(Pt 4):807-816. doi: 10.1099/vir.0.038901-0. Epub 2012 Jan 13. PMID- 25056903 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20141111 LR - 20211021 IS - 1098-5514 (Electronic) IS - 0022-538X (Print) IS - 0022-538X (Linking) VI - 88 IP - 19 DP - 2014 Oct TI - Short self-interacting N-terminal region of rubella virus capsid protein is essential for cooperative actions of capsid and nonstructural p150 proteins. PG - 11187-98 LID - 10.1128/JVI.01758-14 [doi] AB - Nucleocapsid formation is a primary function of the rubella virus capsid protein, which also promotes viral RNA synthesis via an unknown mechanism. The present study demonstrates that in infected cells, the capsid protein is associated with the nonstructural p150 protein via the short self-interacting N-terminal region of the capsid protein. Mutational analyses indicated that hydrophobic amino acids in this N-terminal region are essential for its N-terminal self-interaction, which is critical for the capsid-p150 association. An analysis based on a subgenomic replicon system demonstrated that the self-interacting N-terminal region of the capsid protein plays a key role in promoting viral gene expression. Analyses using a virus-like particle (VLP) system also showed that the self-interacting N-terminal region of the capsid protein is not essential for VLP production but is critical for VLP infectivity. These results demonstrate that the close cooperative actions of the capsid protein and p150 require the short self-interacting N-terminal region of the capsid protein during the life cycle of the rubella virus. IMPORTANCE: The capsid protein of rubella virus promotes viral RNA replication via an unknown mechanism. This protein interacts with the nonstructural protein p150, but the importance of this interaction is unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that the short N-terminal region of the capsid protein forms a homo-oligomer that is critical for the capsid-p150 interaction. These interactions are required for the viral-gene-expression-promoting activity of the capsid protein, allowing efficient viral growth. These findings provide information about the mechanisms underlying the regulation of rubella virus RNA replication via the cooperative actions of the capsid protein and p150. CI - Copyright © 2014, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. FAU - Sakata, Masafumi AU - Sakata M AD - Department of Virology 3, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan. FAU - Otsuki, Noriyuki AU - Otsuki N AD - Department of Virology 3, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan. FAU - Okamoto, Kiyoko AU - Okamoto K AD - Department of Virology 3, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan. FAU - Anraku, Masaki AU - Anraku M AD - Department of Virology 3, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan. FAU - Nagai, Misato AU - Nagai M AD - Department of Virology 3, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan. FAU - Takeda, Makoto AU - Takeda M AD - Department of Virology 3, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan. FAU - Mori, Yoshio AU - Mori Y AD - Department of Virology 3, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan yoshiom@nih.go.jp. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20140723 TA - J Virol JT - Journal of virology JID - 0113724 RN - 0 (Capsid Proteins) RN - 0 (RNA, Viral) RN - 0 (Viral Nonstructural Proteins) SB - IM MH - Amino Acid Sequence MH - Animals MH - Capsid/chemistry/metabolism MH - Capsid Proteins/*genetics/metabolism MH - Chlorocebus aethiops MH - *Gene Expression Regulation, Viral MH - HEK293 Cells MH - Humans MH - Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - Mutation MH - Protein Binding MH - Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs MH - Protein Structure, Tertiary MH - RNA, Viral/*genetics/metabolism MH - Rubella virus/*genetics/metabolism MH - Vero Cells MH - Viral Nonstructural Proteins/*genetics/metabolism MH - Virion/*genetics/metabolism MH - Virus Replication PMC - PMC4178788 EDAT- 2014/07/25 06:00 MHDA- 2014/11/12 06:00 CRDT- 2014/07/25 06:00 PHST- 2014/07/25 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2014/07/25 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2014/11/12 06:00 [medline] AID - JVI.01758-14 [pii] AID - 01758-14 [pii] AID - 10.1128/JVI.01758-14 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Virol. 2014 Oct;88(19):11187-98. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01758-14. Epub 2014 Jul 23. PMID- 23693103 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20140728 LR - 20150826 IS - 2448-5667 (Electronic) IS - 0443-5117 (Linking) VI - 51 IP - 2 DP - 2013 Mar-Apr TI - [Perinatal infection by rubella virus in breast-fed babies with congenital heart disease]. PG - 158-63 AB - BACKGROUND: seroepidemiological surveys suggest that approximately 20 % of women of childbearing age are susceptible to rubella. It is necessary to detect congenital rubella cases. Our objective was to determine the frequency of perinatal infection by rubella virus (RV) in infants with congenital heart disease. METHODS: prospective, cross-sectional study. We studied hospitalized and outpatients from September 2007 to December 2008. Neonates and infants under one year of age with congenital heart disease were included. A blood sample of 3 mL was taken from mother-child binomial and micro-ELISA for IgG and IgM against rubella were performed. RESULTS: 80 patients were studied, 56 % were female, with a median age of 3 months. More frequent congenital heart disease was ventricular septal defect (28.5 %), followed by atrial septal defect (17.5 %). Median maternal age was 28 years old. A history of febrile illness and rash during pregnancy was positive in 1.25 %. 7 cases of perinatal infection by RV were detected, three met the criteria for congenital rubella syndrome, and four had only congenital heart disease. CONCLUSIONS: the search for cases of congenital rubella syndrome in newborns and infants with heart disease could be used as a strategy to detect non-obvious cases. FAU - Solórzano-Santos, Fortino AU - Solórzano-Santos F AD - Dirección Médica, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Distrito Federal, México. fortino.solorzano@imss.gob.mx. FAU - Bárcenas-López, Selene Jeannette AU - Bárcenas-López SJ FAU - Huerta-García, Gloria C AU - Huerta-García GC FAU - Miranda-Novales, María Guadalupe AU - Miranda-Novales MG FAU - Alvarez-Y Muñoz, María Teresa AU - Alvarez-Y Muñoz MT FAU - Vázquez-Rosales, José Guillermo AU - Vázquez-Rosales JG LA - spa PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article TT - Infección perinatal por el virus de la rubéola en lactantes con cardiopatía congénita. PL - Mexico TA - Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc JT - Revista medica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social JID - 101243727 SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Breast Feeding MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - Female MH - Heart Defects, Congenital/complications/*epidemiology MH - Heart Diseases/complications/*congenital/*epidemiology MH - Humans MH - Infant MH - Infant, Newborn MH - Male MH - Prospective Studies MH - Rubella/complications/*epidemiology MH - Rubella Syndrome, Congenital/complications/epidemiology MH - Young Adult OTO - NOTNLM OT - congenital heart defect OT - congential rubella syndrome OT - infant EDAT- 2013/05/23 06:00 MHDA- 2014/07/30 06:00 CRDT- 2013/05/23 06:00 PHST- 2013/05/23 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2013/05/23 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2014/07/30 06:00 [medline] PST - ppublish SO - Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc. 2013 Mar-Apr;51(2):158-63. PMID- 17882830 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20071031 LR - 20200716 IS - 0372-9311 (Print) IS - 0372-9311 (Linking) IP - 4 DP - 2007 Jul-Aug TI - [Avidity of immunoglobulin G to rubella virus in post-vaccination and post-infection immunity]. PG - 6-11 AB - Comparative evaluation of avidity of IgG to rubella virus in vaccinated persons, in patients with rubella or other exanthematous illness, and in healthy persons revealed similar patterns in post-vaccination and post-infection immunity. Virus specific low avidity IgG (index of avidity < or =30%) were detected in patients with rubella during 7 weeks after symptoms appeared as well as in vaccinated persons which were tested 6 weeks after vaccination. Low avidity antibodies in sera were detected in 96% of patients with rubella and in 75% of vaccinated persons which were not immune before immunization. Live attenuated vaccines Ervevax, Priorix, and MMR-II had similar ability to induce low avidity IgG to rubella virus. Increase of low avidity antibodies concentration was noted after immunization of children with low levels of antibodies before vaccination. After immunization of persons with high avidity antibodies in serum, index of avidity remained above threshold. Anamnestic high avidity IgG (index of avidity 51-100%) were detected in majority of immune healthy persons (96.4%) as well as in patients with exanthematous illnesses not related to rubella infection (93.6%). ELISA test-systems for detection of low avidity IgG to rubella virus allow to obtain reliable information about seroconversion rate and characteristics of immune response in vaccines. Detection of low avidity IgG in serum obtained 5-6 weeks after immunization points to primary immune response, whereas identification of high avidity antibodies reveals already immune persons. FAU - Desiatskova, R G AU - Desiatskova RG FAU - Zargar'iants, A I AU - Zargar'iants AI FAU - Stepanov, A V AU - Stepanov AV FAU - Zverev, V V AU - Zverev VV LA - rus PT - Comparative Study PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article PL - Russia (Federation) TA - Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol JT - Zhurnal mikrobiologii, epidemiologii i immunobiologii JID - 0415217 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin G) RN - 0 (Rubella Vaccine) RN - 0 (Vaccines, Combined) SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Antibodies, Viral/blood/*immunology MH - Antibody Affinity MH - Child MH - Child, Preschool MH - Humans MH - Immunoenzyme Techniques MH - Immunoglobulin G/blood/*immunology MH - Infant MH - Injections, Subcutaneous MH - Middle Aged MH - Rubella/*blood MH - Rubella Vaccine/administration & dosage/*immunology MH - Rubella virus/*immunology MH - *Vaccination MH - Vaccines, Combined/administration & dosage/immunology EDAT- 2007/09/22 09:00 MHDA- 2007/11/01 09:00 CRDT- 2007/09/22 09:00 PHST- 2007/09/22 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2007/11/01 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2007/09/22 09:00 [entrez] PST - ppublish SO - Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol. 2007 Jul-Aug;(4):6-11. PMID- 32950302 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20201009 IS - 1873-2518 (Electronic) IS - 0264-410X (Print) IS - 0264-410X (Linking) VI - 38 IP - 43 DP - 2020 Oct 7 TI - Corrigendum to "Seroprevalence and durability of rubella virus antibodies in a highly immunized population". [Vaccine 37 (2019) 3876-3882]. PG - 6858 LID - S0264-410X(20)31183-X [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.09.026 [doi] FAU - Crooke, Stephen N AU - Crooke SN AD - Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. FAU - Haralambieva, Iana H AU - Haralambieva IH AD - Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. FAU - Grill, Diane E AU - Grill DE AD - Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. FAU - Ovsyannikova, Inna G AU - Ovsyannikova IG AD - Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. FAU - Kennedy, Richard B AU - Kennedy RB AD - Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. FAU - Poland, Gregory A AU - Poland GA AD - Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. Electronic address: poland.gregory@mayo.edu. LA - eng GR - R37 AI048793/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States PT - Published Erratum DEP - 20200917 TA - Vaccine JT - Vaccine JID - 8406899 SB - IM EFR - Vaccine. 2019 Jun 27;37(29):3876-3882. PMID: 31126859 PMC - PMC7539632 MID - NIHMS1631687 EDAT- 2020/09/21 06:00 MHDA- 2020/09/21 06:01 CRDT- 2020/09/20 20:25 PHST- 2020/09/21 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/09/21 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2020/09/20 20:25 [entrez] AID - S0264-410X(20)31183-X [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.09.026 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Vaccine. 2020 Oct 7;38(43):6858. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.09.026. Epub 2020 Sep 17. PMID- 24579480 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20140401 LR - 20140303 IS - 1003-9279 (Print) IS - 1003-9279 (Linking) VI - 27 IP - 4 DP - 2013 Aug TI - [Expression and bioassay of rubella virus E1-374 glycoprotein in yeast cells]. PG - 295-7 AB - OBJECTIVE: To express the rubella virus E1-374 glycoprotein in Pichia pastoris and study the immunogenecity of the recombinant protein. METHODS: The cDNA of protein E1-374 was cloned into the expression vector pGAPZalphaA and transformed into Pichia pastoris GS115 cells by electrotransfection. The expressed protein was confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence and demonstrated immunoreactivity by Western Blot. Rubella virus IgG antibody was assayed with ELISA after mice were inmmunized by E1-374 glycoprotein. RESULTS: SDS-PAGE analysis and Western Blot analysis of E1-374 protein revealed this protein to be 46.89 x 10(3). Antiserum (1:100) and E1-374 (5.5 microg/ml) was chosen for ELISA optimization. The intra-assay coefficient of variation for the ELISA was 0.36%-12.45%. CONCLUSION: Protein E1-374 was highly expressed in Pichia pastoris cells, and it was a good choice to prepare rubella virus recombinant protein vaccines. FAU - Li, Zhen-Mei AU - Li ZM AD - Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China. FAU - Wen, Hong-Ling AU - Wen HL AD - Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China. FAU - Lin, Bin AU - Lin B AD - Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China. FAU - Sun, Cheng-Xi AU - Sun CX AD - Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China. FAU - Chu, Fu-Lu AU - Chu FL AD - Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China. FAU - Yuan, Xiao-Jing AU - Yuan XJ AD - Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China. FAU - Song, Yan-Yan AU - Song YY AD - Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China. FAU - Xu, Hong-Zhi AU - Xu HZ AD - Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China. FAU - Wang, Zhi-Yu AU - Wang ZY AD - Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China. LA - chi PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - China TA - Zhonghua Shi Yan He Lin Chuang Bing Du Xue Za Zhi JT - Zhonghua shi yan he lin chuang bing du xue za zhi = Zhonghua shiyan he linchuang bingduxue zazhi = Chinese journal of experimental and clinical virology JID - 9602873 RN - 0 (Recombinant Proteins) RN - 0 (Viral Envelope Proteins) RN - 131016-01-8 (E1 envelope protein, Rubella virus) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay MH - Female MH - *Gene Expression MH - Humans MH - Mice MH - Mice, Inbred BALB C MH - Pichia/*genetics/metabolism MH - Recombinant Proteins/genetics/immunology MH - Rubella virus/*genetics/immunology MH - Viral Envelope Proteins/*genetics/immunology EDAT- 2014/03/04 06:00 MHDA- 2014/04/02 06:00 CRDT- 2014/03/04 06:00 PHST- 2014/03/04 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2014/03/04 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2014/04/02 06:00 [medline] PST - ppublish SO - Zhonghua Shi Yan He Lin Chuang Bing Du Xue Za Zhi. 2013 Aug;27(4):295-7. PMID- 15018665 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20040511 LR - 20191210 IS - 0882-8245 (Print) IS - 0882-8245 (Linking) VI - 17 IP - 1 DP - 2004 TI - Rubella virus does not induce apoptosis in primary human embryo fibroblast cultures: a possible way of viral persistence in congenital infection. PG - 87-100 AB - Congenital rubella is a persistent infection that contrasts with acute postnatal infection. Basis of the Rubella virus (RV) persistence still remain unknown, though several hypotheses have been postulated. RV induces apoptosis in cell lines, maybe as a way of cell-autonomous defense mechanism against virus. Considering the pattern of c-oncogenes expression during embryogenesis, which promotes proliferation while it inhibits apoptosis in specific cells, at certain times, it can be proposed that when RV infection establishes early in gestation, embryo cells that are proliferating have their apoptotic pathways shut down; then infected proliferating embryo cells cannot execute their apoptotic death program. We here report that RV induces apoptosis in human normal-term placenta chorionic villi explants (CVE) and in monolayers of cytotrophoblasts (CTB), but does not induce apoptosis in primary human embryo fibroblasts (HEF) cultures. These results suggest distinct responses to RV infection when comparing differentiated cells, as CTB, to cells with high proliferating potential, as HEF. RV shoots apoptosis in the former, whereas in fibroblastic dividing cells derived from embryo, RV appears not to be enough stimulus to activate the genetic program of cell death. FAU - Adamo, Pilar AU - Adamo P AD - Laboratorio de Inmunologia, Instituto de Virologia JM Vanella, Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina. FAU - Asís, Liliana AU - Asís L FAU - Silveyra, Paola AU - Silveyra P FAU - Cuffini, Cecilia AU - Cuffini C FAU - Pedranti, Mauro AU - Pedranti M FAU - Zapata, Marta AU - Zapata M LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - United States TA - Viral Immunol JT - Viral immunology JID - 8801552 SB - IM MH - Animals MH - *Apoptosis MH - Cells, Cultured MH - Chlorocebus aethiops MH - Chorionic Villi/virology MH - Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral MH - Embryo, Mammalian/*cytology/*virology MH - Fibroblasts/*virology MH - Humans MH - Organ Culture Techniques MH - Placenta MH - Rubella virus/*physiology MH - Trophoblasts/virology MH - Vero Cells EDAT- 2004/03/17 05:00 MHDA- 2004/05/12 05:00 CRDT- 2004/03/17 05:00 PHST- 2004/03/17 05:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2004/05/12 05:00 [medline] PHST- 2004/03/17 05:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1089/088282404322875485 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Viral Immunol. 2004;17(1):87-100. doi: 10.1089/088282404322875485. PMID- 30776204 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20190722 LR - 20190816 IS - 0869-2084 (Print) IS - 0869-2084 (Linking) VI - 63 IP - 11 DP - 2018 TI - [Development of a test kit for the detection of IgG-antibodies to individual antigens of Rubella virus by immunoblotting (Western blot).]. PG - 696-701 LID - 10.18821/0869-2084-2018-63-11-696-701 [doi] AB - A Russian test kit for detecting IgG-antibodies to individual antigens of Rubella virus by immunoblotting (Western Blot) was designed. The new test kit is intended for confirmation of positive screening results and for differentiation of stages of infection. It has sensitivity and specificity not conceding one of its analogues, the «Anti-Rubella virus (IgG) WESTERNBLOT» («EUROIMMUN AG», Germany). FAU - Mardanly, S G AU - Mardanly SG AD - Closed Joint Stock Company «EKOlab», 142530, Elektrogorsk, Moscow region, Russian Federation. FAU - Avdonina, A S AU - Avdonina AS AD - Closed Joint Stock Company «EKOlab», 142530, Elektrogorsk, Moscow region, Russian Federation. LA - rus PT - Journal Article PL - Russia (Federation) TA - Klin Lab Diagn JT - Klinicheskaia laboratornaia diagnostika JID - 9432021 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin G) RN - 0 (Reagent Kits, Diagnostic) SB - IM MH - Antibodies, Viral/*isolation & purification MH - Blotting, Western MH - Humans MH - Immunoblotting MH - Immunoglobulin G/*isolation & purification MH - *Reagent Kits, Diagnostic MH - Rubella/*diagnosis/immunology MH - Rubella virus MH - Sensitivity and Specificity OTO - NOTNLM OT - IgG-antibodies OT - Rubella OT - Rubella virus OT - immunoblotting COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. EDAT- 2019/02/19 06:00 MHDA- 2019/07/23 06:00 CRDT- 2019/02/19 06:00 PHST- 2018/10/30 00:00 [received] PHST- 2018/11/06 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2019/02/19 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2019/02/19 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2019/07/23 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.18821/0869-2084-2018-63-11-696-701 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Klin Lab Diagn. 2018;63(11):696-701. doi: 10.18821/0869-2084-2018-63-11-696-701. PMID- 11160697 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20010405 LR - 20181113 IS - 0022-538X (Print) IS - 1098-5514 (Electronic) IS - 0022-538X (Linking) VI - 75 IP - 4 DP - 2001 Feb TI - Rubella virus E2 signal peptide is required for perinuclear localization of capsid protein and virus assembly. PG - 1978-83 AB - The rubella virus (RV) structural proteins capsid, E2, and E1 are synthesized as a polyprotein precursor. The signal peptide that initiates translocation of E2 into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum remains attached to the carboxy terminus of the capsid protein after cleavage by signal peptidase. Among togaviruses, this feature is unique to RV. The E2 signal peptide has previously been shown to function as a membrane anchor for the capsid protein. In the present study, we demonstrate that this domain is required for RV glycoprotein-dependent localization of the capsid protein to the juxtanuclear region and subsequent virus assembly at the Golgi complex. FAU - Law, L M AU - Law LM AD - Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada. FAU - Duncan, R AU - Duncan R FAU - Esmaili, A AU - Esmaili A FAU - Nakhasi, H L AU - Nakhasi HL FAU - Hobman, T C AU - Hobman TC LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't TA - J Virol JT - Journal of virology JID - 0113724 RN - 0 (Protein Sorting Signals) RN - 0 (Viral Envelope Proteins) RN - 131016-03-0 (E2 envelope protein, Rubella virus) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - COS Cells MH - Capsid/genetics/*metabolism MH - Protein Sorting Signals/genetics/*physiology MH - Protein Transport MH - Rubella virus/genetics/metabolism/*physiology MH - Transfection MH - Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics/*metabolism MH - *Virus Assembly PMC - PMC115144 EDAT- 2001/02/13 11:00 MHDA- 2001/04/06 10:01 CRDT- 2001/02/13 11:00 PHST- 2001/02/13 11:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2001/04/06 10:01 [medline] PHST- 2001/02/13 11:00 [entrez] AID - 1699 [pii] AID - 10.1128/JVI.75.4.1978-1983.2001 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Virol. 2001 Feb;75(4):1978-83. doi: 10.1128/JVI.75.4.1978-1983.2001. PMID- 18330994 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20080527 LR - 20080401 IS - 0006-2960 (Print) IS - 0006-2960 (Linking) VI - 47 IP - 14 DP - 2008 Apr 8 TI - Chaperone-aided in vitro renaturation of an engineered E1 envelope protein for detection of anti-Rubella virus IgG antibodies. PG - 4276-87 LID - 10.1021/bi702435v [doi] AB - The envelope glycoproteins of Rubella virus, E1 and E2, mediate cell tropism, and E1 in particular plays a pivotal role in the fusion of the virus with the endosomal membrane. Both are the prime targets of the humoral immune response. Recombinant variants of the E1 ectodomain as well as E1 antigen preparations from virus lysates are commonly used to detect anti-Rubella immunoglobulins in human sera. Hitherto, recombinant E1 for diagnostic applications has been produced chiefly in eukaryotic expression systems. Here, we report the high-yield overproduction of an engineered E1 ectodomain in the Escherichia coli cytosol and its simple and convenient renaturation into a highly soluble and immunoreactive conformation. C-Terminal fusion to one or two units of the E. coli chaperone SlyD enhances expression, facilitates in vitro refolding, and improves the overall solubility of Rubella E1. As part of this fusion protein, the E1 ectodomain fragment of residues 201-432 adopts an immunoreactive fold, providing a promising tool for the sensitive and specific detection of anti-E1 IgG in Rubella serology. Two disulfide bonds in the membrane-adjacent part of the E1 ectodomain are sufficient to generate conformations with a high and specific antigenicity. The covalently attached chaperone modules do not impair antibody recognition and binding of Rubella E1 when assessed in a heterogeneous immunoassay. SlyD and related folding helpers are apparently generic tools for the expression and refolding of otherwise unavailable proteins of diagnostic or medical importance. FAU - Scholz, Christian AU - Scholz C AD - Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, D-82377 Penzberg, Germany. christian.scholz@roche.com FAU - Thirault, Laurence AU - Thirault L FAU - Schaarschmidt, Peter AU - Schaarschmidt P FAU - Zarnt, Toralf AU - Zarnt T FAU - Faatz, Elke AU - Faatz E FAU - Engel, Alfred Michael AU - Engel AM FAU - Upmeier, Barbara AU - Upmeier B FAU - Bollhagen, Ralf AU - Bollhagen R FAU - Eckert, Barbara AU - Eckert B FAU - Schmid, Franz Xaver AU - Schmid FX LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20080311 PL - United States TA - Biochemistry JT - Biochemistry JID - 0370623 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Disulfides) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin G) RN - 0 (Molecular Chaperones) RN - 0 (Peptide Fragments) RN - 0 (Viral Envelope Proteins) RN - 0 (rubella antibodies) RN - 131016-01-8 (E1 envelope protein, Rubella virus) SB - IM MH - Amino Acid Sequence MH - Antibodies, Viral/*immunology MH - Chromatography, Gel MH - Circular Dichroism MH - Disulfides/metabolism MH - Gene Expression MH - Immunoglobulin G/*immunology MH - Molecular Chaperones/*metabolism MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - Peptide Fragments/immunology/metabolism MH - Protein Denaturation MH - Protein Engineering MH - Rubella virus/chemistry/genetics/*immunology/*metabolism MH - Solubility MH - Viral Envelope Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*immunology/*metabolism EDAT- 2008/03/12 09:00 MHDA- 2008/05/28 09:00 CRDT- 2008/03/12 09:00 PHST- 2008/03/12 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2008/05/28 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2008/03/12 09:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1021/bi702435v [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Biochemistry. 2008 Apr 8;47(14):4276-87. doi: 10.1021/bi702435v. Epub 2008 Mar 11. PMID- 10907121 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20001208 LR - 20071024 IS - 0012-186X (Print) IS - 0012-186X (Linking) VI - 43 IP - 6 DP - 2000 Jun TI - Cross-reactive rubella virus and glutamic acid decarboxylase (65 and 67) protein determinants recognised by T cells of patients with type I diabetes mellitus. PG - 750-62 AB - AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: To examine the cross-reaction between viral and beta-cell protein determinants and to further understand the potential role of this mechanism in Type I (insuline-dependent) diabetes mellitus. METHODS: Immune responses to a panel of 28 viral and beta-cell protein peptides representing selected sequences of rubella virus (RV), Coxsackie virus, human 38 KDa31G and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD 65 and 67) proteins in proliferation or cytotoxicity assays have been studied using uncloned and cloned T-cell cohorts from a group of 60 Type I diabetic patients. RESULTS: Peptide GAD65(252-266) induced the responses of patients with recent onset diabetes in proliferation assays at the highest frequency (77%), whereas GAD67(212-226) stimulated the cellular responses at the highest rate (61%) in patients with late-onset diabetes. RVE1(157-176) was recognised by all groups of patients at the highest frequency and the largest amplitude among the viral peptides tested. T-cell clones specific to GAD65(252-266), GAD65(274-286) or GAD67(212-226) were tested in cytotoxicity assays for their responses to rubella virus peptides. Each of these T-cell clones cross-reacted with two to four rubella virus peptides, including RVE1(157-176) and RVE2(87-107). Analysis of the sequences of cross-reactive viral and glutamic acid decarboxylase antigens showed that these epitopes shared similar peptide binding motifs to HLA DR3/DR4. There is a statistically significant correlation between the response amplitude of patient's peripheral blood mononuclear cells to RVE1(157-176), RVE2(87-107) and GAD65(274-286) in patients with recent onset diabetes, and to RVE1(157-176) and GAD67(212-226) in patients with late onset diabetes. CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION: Cross-reactive glutamic acid decarboxylase and rubella virus determinants identified by T-cell clones were also recognised at high frequencies by general T-cell populations of Type I diabetic patients. FAU - Ou, D AU - Ou D AD - Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. FAU - Mitchell, L A AU - Mitchell LA FAU - Metzger, D L AU - Metzger DL FAU - Gillam, S AU - Gillam S FAU - Tingle, A J AU - Tingle AJ LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - Germany TA - Diabetologia JT - Diabetologia JID - 0006777 RN - 0 (Epitopes) RN - 0 (Isoenzymes) RN - 0 (Peptide Fragments) RN - 0 (Viral Proteins) RN - EC 4.1.1.15 (Glutamate Decarboxylase) RN - EC 4.1.1.15 (glutamate decarboxylase 1) RN - EC 4.1.1.15 (glutamate decarboxylase 2) SB - IM MH - Cross Reactions MH - Cytotoxicity, Immunologic MH - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/*immunology MH - Enterovirus/immunology MH - Epitopes/*immunology MH - Glutamate Decarboxylase/*immunology MH - Humans MH - Isoenzymes/*immunology MH - Lymphocyte Activation/*immunology MH - Peptide Fragments/immunology MH - Rubella virus/*immunology MH - T-Lymphocytes/*immunology MH - Viral Proteins/*immunology EDAT- 2000/07/25 11:00 MHDA- 2001/02/28 10:01 CRDT- 2000/07/25 11:00 PHST- 2000/07/25 11:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2001/02/28 10:01 [medline] PHST- 2000/07/25 11:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1007/s001250051373 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Diabetologia. 2000 Jun;43(6):750-62. doi: 10.1007/s001250051373. PMID- 21880773 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20111121 LR - 20211020 IS - 1098-5514 (Electronic) IS - 0022-538X (Print) IS - 0022-538X (Linking) VI - 85 IP - 21 DP - 2011 Nov TI - Identification of the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein as a cellular receptor for rubella virus. PG - 11038-47 LID - 10.1128/JVI.05398-11 [doi] AB - Rubella virus (RV) is a highly transmissible pathogenic agent that causes the disease rubella. Maternal RV infection during early pregnancy causes the death of the fetus or congenital rubella syndrome in infants. However, the cellular receptor for RV has not yet been identified. In this study, we found that the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) specifically bound to the E1 envelope glycoprotein of RV, and an antibody against MOG could block RV infection. Most importantly, we also showed that ectopic expression of MOG on the cell surface of 293T cells rendered this nonpermissive cell line permissive for RV entry and replication. Thus, this study has identified a cellular receptor for RV and suggests that blocking the MOG attachment site of RV may be a strategy for molecular intervention of RV infection. FAU - Cong, Haolong AU - Cong H AD - Center for Molecular Virology, CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China. FAU - Jiang, Yue AU - Jiang Y FAU - Tien, Po AU - Tien P LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20110831 TA - J Virol JT - Journal of virology JID - 0113724 RN - 0 (MOG protein, human) RN - 0 (Myelin Proteins) RN - 0 (Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein) RN - 0 (Receptors, Virus) RN - 0 (Viral Envelope Proteins) RN - 131016-01-8 (E1 envelope protein, Rubella virus) SB - IM MH - Cell Line MH - Humans MH - Myelin Proteins/*metabolism MH - Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein MH - Protein Binding MH - Receptors, Virus/*metabolism MH - Rubella virus/*physiology MH - Viral Envelope Proteins/*metabolism MH - *Virus Attachment PMC - PMC3194935 EDAT- 2011/09/02 06:00 MHDA- 2011/12/13 00:00 CRDT- 2011/09/02 06:00 PHST- 2011/09/02 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2011/09/02 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2011/12/13 00:00 [medline] AID - JVI.05398-11 [pii] AID - 5398-11 [pii] AID - 10.1128/JVI.05398-11 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Virol. 2011 Nov;85(21):11038-47. doi: 10.1128/JVI.05398-11. Epub 2011 Aug 31. PMID- 18686389 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20081112 LR - 20080808 IS - 1009-3591 (Print) IS - 1009-3591 (Linking) VI - 14 IP - 7 DP - 2008 Jul TI - [Advances in molecular biology of rubella virus structural proteins]. PG - 645-9 AB - Rubella virus (RV), one of pathogens in TORCH syndrome, can lead to anisotropy of the fetus, and therefore it is of great significance to screen RV infection among women at child-bearing age. At the present, the screening of RV infection is mainly based on the ELISA method, the specificity of RV antigens is very important for ELISA tests. The antigenicity of RV is closely associated with its structural proteins, including capsid protein C, and envelope glycoproteins E1 and E2, which are important surface antigens of RV. This paper reviews the advances in the studies on the structure features, immunogenicity and recombinant proteins of the three structural proteins. FAU - Cao, Jing AU - Cao J AD - PLA Research Institute of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Region, PLA, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China. FAU - Lu, Jin-Chun AU - Lu JC FAU - Huang, Yu-Feng AU - Huang YF LA - chi PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article PT - Review PL - China TA - Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue JT - Zhonghua nan ke xue = National journal of andrology JID - 101093592 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Recombinant Proteins) RN - 0 (Viral Core Proteins) RN - 0 (Viral Envelope Proteins) RN - 0 (Viral Structural Proteins) RN - 0 (nucleocapsid protein (C), rubella virus) SB - IM MH - Antibodies, Viral/analysis MH - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay MH - Recombinant Proteins/immunology MH - Rubella virus/genetics/*immunology MH - Viral Core Proteins/genetics/immunology MH - Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics/immunology MH - Viral Structural Proteins/genetics/*immunology RF - 24 EDAT- 2008/08/09 09:00 MHDA- 2008/11/13 09:00 CRDT- 2008/08/09 09:00 PHST- 2008/08/09 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2008/11/13 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2008/08/09 09:00 [entrez] PST - ppublish SO - Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue. 2008 Jul;14(7):645-9. PMID- 24216323 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20140903 LR - 20131203 IS - 1873-5967 (Electronic) IS - 1386-6532 (Linking) VI - 58 IP - 4 DP - 2013 Dec TI - Fulminant encephalitis associated with a vaccine strain of rubella virus. PG - 737-40 LID - S1386-6532(13)00464-2 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.jcv.2013.10.016 [doi] AB - Involvement of the central nervous system is common in measles, but rare in rubella. However, rubella virus (RV) can cause a variety of central nervous system syndromes, including meningitis, encephalitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome and sub acute sclerosing panencephalitis. We report the occurrence of one fatal case of the encephalitis associated with measles-rubella (MR) vaccine during an immunization campaign in São Paulo, Brazil. A 31 year-old-man, previously in good health, was admitted at emergency room, with confusion, agitation, inability to stand and hold his head up. Ten days prior to admission, he was vaccinated with combined MR vaccine (Serum Institute of India) and three days later he developed 'flu-like' illness with fever, myalgia and headache. Results of clinical and laboratory exams were consistent with a pattern of viral encephalitis. During hospitalization, his condition deteriorated rapidly with tetraplegia and progression to coma. On the 3rd day of hospitalization he died. Histopathology confirmed encephalitis and immunohistochemistry was positive for RV on brain tissue. RV was also detected by qPCR and virus isolation in cerebrospinal fluid, brain and other clinical samples. The sequence obtained from the isolated virus was identical to that of the RA 27/3 vaccine strain. CI - Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. FAU - Gualberto, Felipe Augusto Souza AU - Gualberto FA AD - Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: felipegualberto@gmail.com. FAU - de Oliveira, Maria Isabel AU - de Oliveira MI FAU - Alves, Venancio A F AU - Alves VA FAU - Kanamura, Cristina T AU - Kanamura CT FAU - Rosemberg, Sérgio AU - Rosemberg S FAU - Sato, Helena Keico AU - Sato HK FAU - Arantes, Benedito A F AU - Arantes BA FAU - Curti, Suely Pires AU - Curti SP FAU - Figueiredo, Cristina Adelaide AU - Figueiredo CA LA - eng PT - Case Reports PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20131024 PL - Netherlands TA - J Clin Virol JT - Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology JID - 9815671 RN - 0 (Rubella Vaccine) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Brain/virology MH - Encephalitis/*virology MH - Fatal Outcome MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Rubella/*virology MH - Rubella Vaccine/*adverse effects MH - Rubella virus/classification/*genetics/isolation & purification OTO - NOTNLM OT - CMV OT - CNS OT - CSF OT - EBV OT - Encephalitis OT - Epstein–Barr virus OT - HSV 1/2 OT - MMR OT - MR OT - MRI OT - PBMC OT - PCR OT - RA 27/3 strain OT - RV OT - Rubella vaccine OT - VZV OT - Vaccinal virus isolation OT - central nervous system OT - cerebrospinal fluid OT - cytomegalovirus OT - herpes simplex virus 1/2 OT - magnetic resonance imaging OT - measles, mumps and rubella OT - measles-rubella OT - peripheral blood mononuclear cells OT - polymerase chain reaction OT - qPCR OT - quantitative polymerase chain reaction OT - rubella virus OT - vRV OT - vaccinal rubella virus OT - varicella zoster virus EDAT- 2013/11/13 06:00 MHDA- 2014/09/04 06:00 CRDT- 2013/11/13 06:00 PHST- 2013/08/13 00:00 [received] PHST- 2013/10/08 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2013/10/12 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2013/11/13 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2013/11/13 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2014/09/04 06:00 [medline] AID - S1386-6532(13)00464-2 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.jcv.2013.10.016 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Clin Virol. 2013 Dec;58(4):737-40. doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2013.10.016. Epub 2013 Oct 24. PMID- 17344342 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20070614 LR - 20181113 IS - 1556-6811 (Print) IS - 1556-679X (Electronic) IS - 1556-679X (Linking) VI - 14 IP - 5 DP - 2007 May TI - Humoral immune response after primary rubella virus infection and after vaccination. PG - 644-7 AB - We measured rubella virus immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM levels, as well as IgG avidity indexes, in serum samples taken before or after 6 months either after infection or after vaccination. The results obtained indicate that humoral immune responses are different after primary infection and after vaccination. This may have important consequences on the serological diagnosis of rubella virus infection. FAU - Vauloup-Fellous, C AU - Vauloup-Fellous C AD - Service de Microbiologie-Immunologie Biologique, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, and Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud, Clamart Cedex, France. christelle.vauloup@abc.aphp.fr FAU - Grangeot-Keros, L AU - Grangeot-Keros L LA - eng PT - Clinical Trial PT - Journal Article DEP - 20070307 TA - Clin Vaccine Immunol JT - Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI JID - 101252125 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin G) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin M) RN - 0 (Rubella Vaccine) RN - 0 (rubella antibodies) SB - IM MH - Antibodies, Viral/*blood MH - Antibody Formation/*immunology MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Immunoglobulin G/blood MH - Immunoglobulin M/blood MH - Pregnancy MH - Rubella/*blood/immunology MH - Rubella Vaccine/blood/*immunology MH - Rubella virus/*immunology MH - Time Factors PMC - PMC1865636 EDAT- 2007/03/09 09:00 MHDA- 2007/06/15 09:00 CRDT- 2007/03/09 09:00 PHST- 2007/03/09 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2007/06/15 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2007/03/09 09:00 [entrez] AID - CVI.00032-07 [pii] AID - 0032-07 [pii] AID - 10.1128/CVI.00032-07 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2007 May;14(5):644-7. doi: 10.1128/CVI.00032-07. Epub 2007 Mar 7. PMID- 15511391 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20050131 LR - 20190922 IS - 0213-005X (Print) IS - 0213-005X (Linking) VI - 22 IP - 9 DP - 2004 Nov TI - [Seroprevalence of antibodies against Treponema pallidum, Toxoplasma gondii, rubella virus, hepatitis B and C virus, and HIV in pregnant women]. PG - 512-6 AB - INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of antibodies against Treponema pallidum, Toxoplasma gondii, rubella virus, hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was investigated in pregnant women. METHODS: With the use of several serological methods in samples from women who had their first obstetric visit in 2001, we studied the prevalence of serum antibodies against T. pallidum, T. gondii, rubella virus, HBV and HCV in 2,929 pregnant women, and anti-HIV antibodies in the 1,349 women agreeing to this test. RESULTS: Antibodies against T. pallidum were not detected in any case. HBsAg was found in 11 patients (0.4%), six of whom (54.5%) were not aware of their condition. The presence of anti-rubella antibodies was almost universal (99.95%). In the total population, 18.8% of patients had anti-T. gondii antibodies; only one had a serological profile suggesting acute toxoplasmosis. Among the 1,349 women studied, anti-HIV antibodies were detected in two intravenous drug abusers who were aware of their condition. Anti-HCV antibodies were found in 0.4% of the series, and 36.4% of the HCV-positive patients had no knowledge of their condition. CONCLUSIONS: Active infection by T. pallidum in pregnant women in Spain is currently exceptional. The level of immunization against rubella virus is excellent. Seropositivity to T. gondii is lower than rates reported in earlier studies. The prevalence of HBsAg and anti-HCV antibodies is around 0.4%, and seropositive status is often discovered in routine serological studies performed during pregnancy. HIV seropositivity is low, and the pregnant women included in this study were aware of their condition. FAU - Gutiérrez-Zufiaurre, Nieves AU - Gutiérrez-Zufiaurre N AD - Departamento de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain. FAU - Sánchez-Hernández, Javier AU - Sánchez-Hernández J FAU - Muñoz, Santiago AU - Muñoz S FAU - Marín, Raquel AU - Marín R FAU - Delgado, Nuria AU - Delgado N FAU - Sáenz, María Carmen AU - Sáenz MC FAU - Muñoz-Bellido, Juan Luis AU - Muñoz-Bellido JL FAU - García-Rodríguez, José Angel AU - García-Rodríguez JA LA - spa PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article TT - Seroprevalencia de anticuerpos frente a Treponema pallidum, Toxoplasma gondii, virus de la rubéola, virus de la hepatitis B y C y VIH en mujeres gestantes. PL - Spain TA - Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin JT - Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica JID - 9104081 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Bacterial) RN - 0 (Antibodies, Protozoan) RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (HIV Antibodies) RN - 0 (Hepatitis B Antibodies) RN - 0 (Hepatitis C Antibodies) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin G) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin M) RN - 0 (rubella antibodies) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Antibodies, Bacterial/blood MH - Antibodies, Protozoan/blood MH - Antibodies, Viral/blood MH - Female MH - HIV Antibodies/blood MH - Hepatitis B/*epidemiology MH - Hepatitis B Antibodies/blood MH - Hepatitis C/*epidemiology MH - Hepatitis C Antibodies/blood MH - Humans MH - Immunoglobulin G/blood MH - Immunoglobulin M/blood MH - Parity MH - Pregnancy MH - Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/*epidemiology/immunology MH - Retrospective Studies MH - Rubella/*epidemiology MH - Seroepidemiologic Studies MH - Spain/epidemiology MH - Syphilis/*epidemiology MH - Toxoplasmosis/*epidemiology EDAT- 2004/10/30 09:00 MHDA- 2005/02/03 09:00 CRDT- 2004/10/30 09:00 PHST- 2004/10/30 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2005/02/03 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2004/10/30 09:00 [entrez] AID - 13067618 [pii] AID - 10.1016/s0213-005x(04)73152-3 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin. 2004 Nov;22(9):512-6. doi: 10.1016/s0213-005x(04)73152-3. PMID- 10823845 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20000629 LR - 20190508 IS - 0022-538X (Print) IS - 1098-5514 (Electronic) IS - 0022-538X (Linking) VI - 74 IP - 12 DP - 2000 Jun TI - Rubella virus nonstructural protein protease domains involved in trans- and cis-cleavage activities. PG - 5412-23 AB - Rubella virus (RV) genomic RNA contains two large open reading frames (ORFs): a 5'-proximal ORF encoding nonstructural proteins (NSPs) that function primarily in viral RNA replication and a 3'-proximal ORF encoding the viral structural proteins. Proteolytic processing of the RV NSP ORF translation product p200 is essential for viral replication. Processing of p200 to two mature products (p150 and p90) in the order NH(2)-p150-p90-COOH is carried out by an RV-encoded protease residing in the C-terminal region of p150. The RV nonstructural protease (NS-pro) belongs to a viral papain-like protease family that cleaves the polyprotein both in trans and in cis. A conserved X domain of unknown function was found from previous sequence analysis to be associated with NS-pro. To define the domains responsible for cis- and trans-cleavage activities and the function of the X domain in terms of protease activity, an in vitro translation system was employed. We demonstrated that the NSP region from residue 920 to 1296 is necessary for trans-cleavage activity. The domain from residue 920 to 1020 is not required for cis-cleavage activity. The X domain located between residues 834 and 940, outside the regions responsible for both cis- and trans-cleavage activities of NS-pro, was found to be important for NS-pro trans-cleavage activity but not for cis-cleavage activity. Analysis of sequence homology and secondary structure of the RV NS-pro catalytic region reveals a folding structure similar to that of papain. FAU - Liang, Y AU - Liang Y AD - Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 4H4. FAU - Yao, J AU - Yao J FAU - Gillam, S AU - Gillam S LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't TA - J Virol JT - Journal of virology JID - 0113724 RN - 0 (DNA, Complementary) RN - 0 (Protein Precursors) RN - 0 (Viral Nonstructural Proteins) RN - EC 3.4.- (Endopeptidases) RN - EC 3.4.22.2 (Papain) RN - J41CSQ7QDS (Zinc) SB - IM MH - Amino Acid Sequence MH - Catalytic Domain MH - Cloning, Molecular MH - Conserved Sequence/genetics MH - DNA, Complementary/genetics MH - Endopeptidases/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism MH - Kinetics MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - Molecular Weight MH - Papain/chemistry/metabolism MH - Protein Biosynthesis/genetics MH - Protein Precursors/chemistry/genetics/metabolism MH - *Protein Processing, Post-Translational/drug effects MH - Protein Structure, Secondary MH - Protein Structure, Tertiary MH - *Rubella virus/chemistry/genetics/metabolism MH - Sequence Alignment MH - Sequence Deletion/genetics MH - Viral Nonstructural Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism MH - Zinc/pharmacology PMC - PMC112025 EDAT- 2000/05/24 09:00 MHDA- 2000/07/06 11:00 CRDT- 2000/05/24 09:00 PHST- 2000/05/24 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2000/07/06 11:00 [medline] PHST- 2000/05/24 09:00 [entrez] AID - 0062 [pii] AID - 10.1128/jvi.74.12.5412-5423.2000 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Virol. 2000 Jun;74(12):5412-23. doi: 10.1128/jvi.74.12.5412-5423.2000. PMID- 24456140 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20150511 LR - 20211021 IS - 1462-5822 (Electronic) IS - 1462-5814 (Print) IS - 1462-5814 (Linking) VI - 16 IP - 8 DP - 2014 Aug TI - Phosphorylation and membrane association of the Rubella virus capsid protein is important for its anti-apoptotic function. PG - 1201-10 LID - 10.1111/cmi.12272 [doi] AB - Rubella virus (RV), a member of Togaviridae, is an important human pathogen that can cause severe defects in the developing fetus. Compared to other togaviruses, RV replicates very slowly suggesting that it must employ effective mechanisms to delay the innate immune response. A recent study by our laboratory revealed that the capsid protein of RV is a potent inhibitor of apoptosis. A primary mechanism by which RV capsid interferes with programmed cell death appears to be through interaction with the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family member Bax. In the present study, we report that the capsid protein also blocks IRF3-dependent apoptosis induced by the double-strand RNA mimic polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid. In addition, analyses of cis-acting elements revealed that phosphorylation and membrane association are important for its anti-apoptotic function. Finally, the observation that hypo-phosphorylated capsid binds Bax just as well as wild-type capsid protein suggests that interaction with this pro-apoptotic host protein in and of itself is not sufficient to block programmed cell death. This provides additional evidence that this viral protein inhibits apoptosis through multiple mechanisms. CI - © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. FAU - Willows, Steven AU - Willows S AD - Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, 5-14 Medical Sciences Building, Edmonton, Canada, T6G 2H7. FAU - Ilkow, Carolina S AU - Ilkow CS FAU - Hobman, Tom C AU - Hobman TC LA - eng GR - Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20140221 TA - Cell Microbiol JT - Cellular microbiology JID - 100883691 RN - 0 (Capsid Proteins) RN - 0 (Membrane Proteins) RN - 0 (Recombinant Proteins) RN - 0 (bcl-2-Associated X Protein) RN - 9007-43-6 (Cytochromes c) RN - O84C90HH2L (Poly I-C) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Apoptosis/*immunology MH - Capsid Proteins/genetics/*metabolism MH - Cell Line MH - Chlorocebus aethiops MH - Cricetinae MH - Cytochromes c/metabolism MH - HEK293 Cells MH - Humans MH - Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial/drug effects MH - Membrane Proteins/metabolism MH - Mitochondria/*drug effects MH - Phosphorylation MH - Poly I-C/pharmacology MH - Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology MH - Rubella virus/*metabolism MH - Vero Cells MH - bcl-2-Associated X Protein/*metabolism PMC - PMC7162283 EDAT- 2014/01/25 06:00 MHDA- 2015/05/12 06:00 CRDT- 2014/01/25 06:00 PHST- 2013/11/15 00:00 [received] PHST- 2014/01/02 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2014/01/20 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2014/01/25 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2014/01/25 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2015/05/12 06:00 [medline] AID - CMI12272 [pii] AID - 10.1111/cmi.12272 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Cell Microbiol. 2014 Aug;16(8):1201-10. doi: 10.1111/cmi.12272. Epub 2014 Feb 21. PMID- 24852921 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20160404 LR - 20150214 IS - 1477-0970 (Electronic) IS - 1352-4585 (Linking) VI - 21 IP - 2 DP - 2015 Feb TI - Multiphasic acute disseminated encephalomyelitis associated with atypical rubella virus infection. PG - 252-4 LID - 10.1177/1352458514533845 [doi] AB - We report the first case of an occurrence of multiphasic acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) associated with atypical rubella virus infection with no rash and long-term increased titers of serum anti-rubella IgM in a 17-year-old male who had no history of rubella vaccination. He suffered from at least six clinical exacerbations with disseminated hyperintense lesions on FLAIR MR images during the course of 18 months. Repeated methylprednisolone pulse therapy and intravenous immunoglobulin therapy resolved the exacerbations. In patients with multiphasic ADEM of unknown etiology, clinicians should also consider the possibility of preceding infection with rubella virus. CI - © The Author(s), 2015. FAU - Shinoda, Koji AU - Shinoda K AD - Kyushu University, Japan. FAU - Asahara, Hideaki AU - Asahara H AD - Japanese Red Cross Hiroshima College of Nursing, Japan. FAU - Uehara, Taira AU - Uehara T AD - Kyushu University, Japan. FAU - Miyoshi, Katsue AU - Miyoshi K AD - Kushiro Kita Hospital, Japan. FAU - Suzuki, Satoshi O AU - Suzuki SO AD - Kyushu University, Japan. FAU - Iwaki, Toru AU - Iwaki T AD - Kyushu University, Japan. FAU - Kira, Jun-ichi AU - Kira J AD - Kyushu University, Japan kira@neuro.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp. LA - eng PT - Case Reports PT - Journal Article DEP - 20140522 PL - England TA - Mult Scler JT - Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) JID - 9509185 SB - IM CIN - Mult Scler. 2015 Jul;21(8):1089. PMID: 25662341 CIN - Mult Scler. 2015 Jul;21(8):1088-9. PMID: 25662343 MH - Adolescent MH - Encephalomyelitis, Acute Disseminated/*etiology MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Rubella/*complications MH - Rubella virus/*pathogenicity OTO - NOTNLM OT - MRI OT - Multiphasic acute disseminated encephalomyelitis OT - brain biopsy OT - rubella EDAT- 2014/05/24 06:00 MHDA- 2016/04/05 06:00 CRDT- 2014/05/24 06:00 PHST- 2014/05/24 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2014/05/24 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2016/04/05 06:00 [medline] AID - 1352458514533845 [pii] AID - 10.1177/1352458514533845 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Mult Scler. 2015 Feb;21(2):252-4. doi: 10.1177/1352458514533845. Epub 2014 May 22. PMID- 11282189 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20010621 LR - 20190728 IS - 0264-410X (Print) IS - 0264-410X (Linking) VI - 19 IP - 20-22 DP - 2001 Apr 6 TI - Mutations of rubella virus vaccine TO-336 strain occurred in the attenuation process of wild progenitor virus. PG - 2793-802 AB - The sequences of the genomes in the TO-336 vaccine strain (TO-336vac) of rubella virus and its wild progenitor virus (TO-336wt) have been determined and compared with each other. There were 21 differences in the nucleotide sequences between the TO-336vac and the TO-336wt: 13 in the nonstructural protein open reading frame (NSP-ORF), five in the structural protein open reading frame (SP-ORF) and three in the untranslated regions (UTRs) (one in each three UTRs). These mutations resulted in amino acid substitutions at ten residues. Of the ten substitutions, eight were in NSP-ORF and two were in the SP-ORF. Of the eight substitutions in NSP-ORF, four (amino acids (aa) 320, 501, 573 and 704) were in the regions of unknown function, two (aa 1154 and 1159) were within the protease motif, and two (aa 1351 and 1559) were within the helicase motif. Both of the two residues (aa 890 and 954) in the SP-ORF were within the E1 gene. The predicted second structure of the 5'UTR of the TO-336vac was identical to that of TO-336wt. Comparing the TO-336 sequences with other four strains, Therien and M33 (wild viruses), and RA27/3 and Cendehill (vaccine viruses), the mutations responsible for attenuation are thought to differ with each vaccine strain. This is the first report of sequencing in a pair of live attenuated rubella vaccines and their wild-type parent. FAU - Kakizawa, J AU - Kakizawa J AD - Department of Viral Disease and Vaccine Control, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashi-Murayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan. FAU - Nitta, Y AU - Nitta Y FAU - Yamashita, T AU - Yamashita T FAU - Ushijima, H AU - Ushijima H FAU - Katow, S AU - Katow S LA - eng PT - Journal Article PL - Netherlands TA - Vaccine JT - Vaccine JID - 8406899 RN - 0 (Rubella Vaccine) RN - 0 (Vaccines, Attenuated) SB - IM MH - Base Sequence MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - *Mutation MH - Open Reading Frames MH - Phylogeny MH - Proviruses/*genetics MH - *Rubella Vaccine MH - Rubella virus/*genetics MH - Vaccines, Attenuated EDAT- 2001/04/03 10:00 MHDA- 2001/04/03 10:01 CRDT- 2001/04/03 10:00 PHST- 2001/04/03 10:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2001/04/03 10:01 [medline] PHST- 2001/04/03 10:00 [entrez] AID - S0264-410X(01)00018-4 [pii] AID - 10.1016/s0264-410x(01)00018-4 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Vaccine. 2001 Apr 6;19(20-22):2793-802. doi: 10.1016/s0264-410x(01)00018-4. PMID- 21899118 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20110930 LR - 20191210 IS - 0869-2084 (Print) IS - 0869-2084 (Linking) IP - 7 DP - 2011 Jul TI - [The production of high-yielding strain of rubella virus from wild type virus extracted from a patient in the Western Siberia in 2006]. PG - 44-6 AB - The study was targeted to investigate the propagation of rubella virus in the cell cultures of various origins and with different cultivation methods. The high-yielding strain of rubella virus was produced. The "spinner-culture" cultivation method was applied and the strain's RNA was detected in 10-8 dilution in real time mode. This strain is supposed to be used in preparation of the standard antigen to implement in the development of immune enzyme test system targeted to the rubella virus specific antibodies. FAU - Tiunnikov, G I AU - Tiunnikov GI FAU - Petrov, V S AU - Petrov VS FAU - Manuĭlov, V A AU - Manuĭlov VA FAU - Seregin, S V AU - Seregin SV FAU - Netesov, S V AU - Netesov SV LA - rus PT - Journal Article PL - Russia (Federation) TA - Klin Lab Diagn JT - Klinicheskaia laboratornaia diagnostika JID - 9432021 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Antigens, Viral) RN - 0 (RNA, Viral) RN - 0 (rubella antibodies) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Antibodies, Viral/analysis MH - Antigens, Viral/biosynthesis/isolation & purification MH - Chlorocebus aethiops MH - Genotype MH - Humans MH - Polymerase Chain Reaction MH - RNA, Viral/*isolation & purification MH - Rubella/diagnosis/virology MH - *Rubella virus/growth & development/immunology/isolation & purification MH - Sensitivity and Specificity MH - Serologic Tests MH - Siberia MH - Vero Cells MH - Virus Cultivation/*methods EDAT- 2011/09/09 06:00 MHDA- 2011/10/01 06:00 CRDT- 2011/09/09 06:00 PHST- 2011/09/09 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2011/09/09 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2011/10/01 06:00 [medline] PST - ppublish SO - Klin Lab Diagn. 2011 Jul;(7):44-6. PMID- 17920097 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20080124 LR - 20211020 IS - 0042-6822 (Print) IS - 1096-0341 (Electronic) IS - 0042-6822 (Linking) VI - 370 IP - 1 DP - 2008 Jan 5 TI - Analysis of gene expression in fetal and adult cells infected with rubella virus. PG - 1-11 AB - Congenital infection with rubella virus (RUB) leads to persistent infection and congenital defects and we showed previously that primary human fetal fibroblasts did not undergo apoptosis when infected with RUB, which could promote fetal virus persistence [Adamo, P., Asís, L., Silveyra, P., Cuffini, C., Pedranti, M., Zapata, M., 2004. Rubella virus does not induce apoptosis in primary human embryo fibroblasts cultures: a possible way of viral persistence in congenital infection. Viral Immunol. 17, 87-100]. To extend this observation, gene chip analysis was performed on a line of primary human fetal fibroblasts (10 weeks gestation) and a line of human adult lung fibroblasts (which underwent apoptosis in response to RUB infection) to compare gene expression in infected and uninfected cells. A total of 632 and 516 genes were upregulated or downregulated in the infected fetal and adult cells respectively in comparison to uninfected cells, however only 52 genes were regulated in both cell types. Although the regulated genes were different, across functional gene categories the patterns of gene regulation were similar. In general, regulation of pro- and anti-apoptotic genes following infection appeared to favor apoptosis in the adult cells and lack of apoptosis in the fetal cells, however there was a greater relative expression of anti-apoptotic genes and reduced expression of pro-apoptotic genes in uninfected fetal cells versus uninfected adult cells and thus the lack of apoptosis in fetal cells following RUB infection was also due to the prevailing background of gene expression that is antagonistic to apoptosis. In support of this hypothesis, it was found that of a battery of five chemicals known to induce apoptosis, two induced apoptosis in the adult cells, but not in fetal cells, and two induced apoptosis more rapidly in the adult cells than in fetal cells (the fifth did not induce apoptosis in either). A robust interferon-stimulated gene response was induced following infection of both fetal and adult cells and many of the genes upregulated in both cell types were those involved in establishment of an antiviral state; this is the first demonstration of an interferon response at this early stage of human embryonic development. In both fetal and adult cells, interferon controlled but did not eliminate virus spread and apoptosis was not induced in infected fetal cells in the absence of interferon. In addition to the interferon response, chemokines were induced in both infected fetal and adult cells. Thus, it is possible that fetal damage following congenital RUB infection, which involves cell proliferation and differentiation, could be due to induction of the innate immune response as well as frank virus infection. FAU - Adamo, Maria Pilar AU - Adamo MP AD - Laboratorio de Inmunologia, Instituto de Virologia JM Vanella, Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina. FAU - Zapata, Marta AU - Zapata M FAU - Frey, Teryl K AU - Frey TK LA - eng GR - R01 AI021389/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 AI021389-19/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 AI021389-17A2/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 AI021389-20/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States GR - AI 21389/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 AI021389-18/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20071024 TA - Virology JT - Virology JID - 0110674 RN - 0 (Proteins) RN - 9008-11-1 (Interferons) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Animals MH - Apoptosis MH - Cell Line MH - Cells, Cultured MH - Chlorocebus aethiops MH - Female MH - Fetus/*cytology/metabolism MH - Fibroblasts/*metabolism/*virology MH - *Gene Expression Profiling MH - *Gene Expression Regulation MH - Humans MH - Interferons/genetics/metabolism MH - Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis/methods MH - Pregnancy MH - Proteins/genetics/*metabolism MH - Rubella virus/genetics/*pathogenicity MH - Vero Cells PMC - PMC2694049 MID - NIHMS35808 EDAT- 2007/10/09 09:00 MHDA- 2008/01/25 09:00 CRDT- 2007/10/09 09:00 PHST- 2006/09/01 00:00 [received] PHST- 2007/07/18 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2007/08/01 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2007/10/09 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2008/01/25 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2007/10/09 09:00 [entrez] AID - S0042-6822(07)00502-8 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.virol.2007.08.003 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Virology. 2008 Jan 5;370(1):1-11. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2007.08.003. Epub 2007 Oct 24. PMID- 31441624 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20190910 LR - 20190910 IS - 1872-2075 (Electronic) IS - 1000-3061 (Linking) VI - 35 IP - 8 DP - 2019 Aug 25 TI - [Design of a chimeric antigen containing multiple immunodominant epitopes and its use in detection of IgM antibodies against Rubella virus]. PG - 1529-1536 LID - 10.13345/j.cjb.190031 [doi] AB - A chimeric antigen designated B103 containing six immunodominant regions derived from three structural proteins of Rubella virus (RV) was designed and its utility in serological diagnosis was assessed. Protein B103 is comprised of aa 1-30 & aa 96-123 of C protein, aa 31-105 of E2 protein, as well as aa 11-39, aa 154-277 & aa 389-412 of E1 protein. In addition, it contains thioredoxin (TRX) at the N-terminal and His tag at the C-terminal. B103 was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) and purified by Streamline Chelating affinity and DEAE anion exchange chromatography. Based on the antigenicity of B103 as verified by Western blotting analysis, we constructed and evaluated a novel capture ELISA for RV-IgM detection. B103 was expressed in a soluble form, accounting for 18.57% of the total bacterial proteins. After purification, the concentration and purity of protein B103 were 3.026 mg/mL and 95.35%, respectively. Western blotting analysis demonstrated that protein B103 could react with acute-phase serum of RV. By ELISA, 40 negative sera and 40 RV-acute phase sera were detected. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and coincidence rate of the ELISA were 92.50%, 95.00%, 94.87%, 92.68% and 93.75%, respectively. The McNemer analysis suggested that there was no statistical difference between the 'Gold standard' and the novel ELISA with a kappa coefficient of 0.900, indicating excellent consistency. B103 chimeric protein with excellent antigenicity obtained from prokaryotic expression followed by chromatography purification could prove useful for early diagnosis of RV infection. FAU - Gao, Jian AU - Gao J AD - Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Affiliated of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, China. AD - Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, China. AD - Department of Laboratory Medicine Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, China. FAU - Zhao, Ding AU - Zhao D AD - Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Affiliated of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, China. AD - Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, China. AD - Department of Laboratory Medicine Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, China. LA - chi PT - Journal Article PL - China TA - Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao JT - Sheng wu gong cheng xue bao = Chinese journal of biotechnology JID - 9426463 RN - 0 (Immunodominant Epitopes) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin M) SB - IM MH - Blotting, Western MH - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay MH - *Immunodominant Epitopes MH - Immunoglobulin M MH - *Rubella virus OTO - NOTNLM OT - Rubella virus OT - chromatography purification OT - immunodominant region OT - prokaryotic expression OT - serological diagnosis EDAT- 2019/08/24 06:00 MHDA- 2019/09/11 06:00 CRDT- 2019/08/24 06:00 PHST- 2019/08/24 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2019/08/24 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2019/09/11 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.13345/j.cjb.190031 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao. 2019 Aug 25;35(8):1529-1536. doi: 10.13345/j.cjb.190031. PMID- 25329480 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20150728 LR - 20211021 IS - 1932-6203 (Electronic) IS - 1932-6203 (Linking) VI - 9 IP - 10 DP - 2014 TI - Molecular evolutionary and epidemiological dynamics of genotypes 1G and 2B of rubella virus. PG - e110082 LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0110082 [doi] LID - e110082 AB - Rubella Virus (RV), which causes measles-like rashes in children, puts millions of infants at risk of congenital defects across the globe. Employing phylogenetic approaches to the whole genome sequence data and E1 glycoprotein sequence data, the present study reports the substitution rates and dates of emergence of all thirteen previously described rubella genotypes, and gains important insights into the epidemiological dynamics of two geographically widely distributed genotypes 1G and 2B. The overall nucleotide substitution rate of this non-vector-borne RV is in the order of 10-3 substitutions/site/year, which is considerably higher than the substitution rates previously reported for the vector-borne alphaviruses within the same family. Currently circulating strains of RV share a common ancestor that existed within the last 150 years, with 95% Highest Posterior Density values ranging from 1868 to 1926 AD. Viral strains within the respective genotypes began diverging between the year 1930 s and 1980 s. Both genotype 1G and 2B have shown a decline in effective number of infections since 1990 s, a period during which mass immunization programs against RV were adapted across the globe. Although both genotypes showed some extent of spatial genetic structuring, the analyses also depicted an inter-continental viral dispersal. Such a viral dispersal pattern could be related to the migration of infected individuals across the regions coupled with a low coverage of MMR vaccination. FAU - Padhi, Abinash AU - Padhi A AD - Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America. FAU - Ma, Li AU - Ma L AD - Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20141017 TA - PLoS One JT - PloS one JID - 101285081 RN - 0 (Membrane Glycoproteins) RN - 0 (Viral Envelope Proteins) SB - IM MH - *Evolution, Molecular MH - *Genotype MH - Measles/*epidemiology MH - Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics MH - Phylogeny MH - Rubella virus/*genetics MH - Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics PMC - PMC4201520 COIS- Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. EDAT- 2014/10/21 06:00 MHDA- 2015/07/29 06:00 CRDT- 2014/10/21 06:00 PHST- 2014/04/29 00:00 [received] PHST- 2014/09/15 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2014/10/21 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2014/10/21 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2015/07/29 06:00 [medline] AID - PONE-D-14-19301 [pii] AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0110082 [doi] PST - epublish SO - PLoS One. 2014 Oct 17;9(10):e110082. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110082. eCollection 2014. PMID- 23720730 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20130918 LR - 20211021 IS - 1098-5514 (Electronic) IS - 0022-538X (Print) IS - 0022-538X (Linking) VI - 87 IP - 15 DP - 2013 Aug TI - Activity increase in respiratory chain complexes by rubella virus with marginal induction of oxidative stress. PG - 8481-92 LID - 10.1128/JVI.00533-13 [doi] AB - Mitochondria are important for the viral life cycle, mainly by providing the energy required for viral replication and assembly. A highly complex interaction with mitochondria is exerted by rubella virus (RV), which includes an increase in the mitochondrial membrane potential as a general marker for mitochondrial activity. We aimed in this study to provide a more comprehensive picture of the activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I to IV. Their activities were compared among three different cell lines. A strong and significant increase in the activity of mitochondrial respiratory enzyme succinate:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex II) and a moderate increase of ubiquinol:cytochrome c oxidoreductase (complex III) were detected in all cell lines. In contrast, the activity of mitochondrial respiratory enzyme cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV) was significantly decreased. The effects on mitochondrial functions appear to be RV specific, as they were absent in control infections with measles virus. Additionally, these alterations of the respiratory chain activity were not associated with an elevated transcription of oxidative stress proteins, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were induced only marginally. Moreover, protein and/or mRNA levels of markers for mitochondrial biogenesis and structure were elevated, such as nuclear respiratory factors (NRFs) and mitofusin 2 (Mfn2). Together, these results establish a novel view on the regulation of mitochondrial functions by viruses. FAU - Claus, C AU - Claus C AD - Institute of Virology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. claudia.claus@medizin.uni-leipzig.de FAU - Schönefeld, K AU - Schönefeld K FAU - Hübner, D AU - Hübner D FAU - Chey, S AU - Chey S FAU - Reibetanz, U AU - Reibetanz U FAU - Liebert, U G AU - Liebert UG LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20130529 TA - J Virol JT - Journal of virology JID - 0113724 RN - 0 (Reactive Oxygen Species) RN - EC 1.3.5.1 (Electron Transport Complex II) RN - EC 1.9.3.1 (Electron Transport Complex IV) RN - EC 7.1.1.2 (Electron Transport Complex I) RN - EC 7.1.1.8 (Electron Transport Complex III) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Electron Transport Complex I/*metabolism MH - Electron Transport Complex II/*metabolism MH - Electron Transport Complex III/*metabolism MH - Electron Transport Complex IV/*metabolism MH - Gene Expression Profiling MH - Mitochondria/enzymology MH - *Oxidative Stress MH - Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism MH - Rubella virus/*physiology PMC - PMC3719815 EDAT- 2013/05/31 06:00 MHDA- 2013/09/21 06:00 CRDT- 2013/05/31 06:00 PHST- 2013/05/31 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2013/05/31 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2013/09/21 06:00 [medline] AID - JVI.00533-13 [pii] AID - 00533-13 [pii] AID - 10.1128/JVI.00533-13 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Virol. 2013 Aug;87(15):8481-92. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00533-13. Epub 2013 May 29. PMID- 25226223 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20150622 LR - 20141101 IS - 1557-8976 (Electronic) IS - 0882-8245 (Linking) VI - 27 IP - 9 DP - 2014 Nov TI - R237 and h238 are key amino acids in the rubella virus E1 neutralization epitope. PG - 422-9 LID - 10.1089/vim.2014.0021 [doi] AB - Residues 221-239 of rubella virus E1 glycoprotein contain antibody neutralization domains, and the solvent-exposed charged amino acids at the binding interface may be crucial for binding ability. However, the role of charged amino acid residues on the E1 epitope in peptide-antibody binding is unknown. To investigate the role of single amino acid substitutions on the important neutralizing epitope, biolayer interferometry and serological tests were performed. There are three charged residues in the neutralizing epitope: D229, R237, and H238. Substitution of D229 for amino acid A had no influence on the binding activity of the antibody to the peptide. However, substitutions of R237 or H238 for charged amino acid H or R were found to abolish the binding activity. Furthermore, substitution of an uncharged amino acid Q236 for a charged amino acid D was found to reduce the binding activity significantly. Thus, R237 and H238 are key amino acids in the rubella virus E1 neutralization epitope. FAU - Li, Zhen-Mei AU - Li ZM AD - 1 Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University , Jinan, Shandong, China . FAU - Chu, Fu-Lu AU - Chu FL FAU - Wen, Hong-Ling AU - Wen HL FAU - Sun, Zi-Hao AU - Sun ZH FAU - Li, Guo-Hong AU - Li GH FAU - Xie, Wen-Yan AU - Xie WY FAU - Wang, Zhi-Yu AU - Wang ZY LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20140916 PL - United States TA - Viral Immunol JT - Viral immunology JID - 8801552 RN - 0 (Amino Acids) RN - 0 (Antibodies, Neutralizing) RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Epitopes) RN - 0 (Viral Envelope Proteins) RN - 131016-01-8 (E1 envelope protein, Rubella virus) SB - IM MH - Amino Acid Substitution MH - *Amino Acids MH - Animals MH - Antibodies, Neutralizing/*immunology MH - Antibodies, Viral/*immunology MH - DNA Mutational Analysis MH - Epitopes/*immunology MH - Female MH - Interferometry MH - Mice, Inbred BALB C MH - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed MH - Neutralization Tests MH - Protein Binding MH - Rubella virus/*immunology MH - Viral Envelope Proteins/*immunology EDAT- 2014/09/17 06:00 MHDA- 2015/06/24 06:00 CRDT- 2014/09/17 06:00 PHST- 2014/09/17 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2014/09/17 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2015/06/24 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.1089/vim.2014.0021 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Viral Immunol. 2014 Nov;27(9):422-9. doi: 10.1089/vim.2014.0021. Epub 2014 Sep 16. PMID- 33392231 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20210105 IS - 2296-858X (Print) IS - 2296-858X (Electronic) IS - 2296-858X (Linking) VI - 7 DP - 2020 TI - Clinical Characteristics and Aqueous Humor Laboratory Analysis of Chinese Patients With Rubella Virus-Associated and Cytomegalovirus-Associated Fuchs Uveitis Syndrome. PG - 610341 LID - 10.3389/fmed.2020.610341 [doi] LID - 610341 AB - Purpose: To describe and compare the clinical characteristics and laboratory analysis results of aqueous humor (AH) in fuchs uveitis syndrome (FUS) patients caused by rubella virus (RV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV). Methods: A retrospective and observation-based study was performed on 32 patients with FUS. Etiologies, clinical characteristics, ocular complications, visual prognoses, inflammatory cytokines, and virus-specific antibodies in AH were compared. Results: Among all the cases involved, 24 had RV FUS and 8 had CMV FUS. The mean age at diagnosis of FUS in the CMV group was older than that of the RV group (P = 0.031). The mean LogMAR best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at initial presentation and at the final visit were both significantly higher in the CMV FUS group than those in the RV FUS group (P = 0.004, 0.047). The highest intraocular pressure (IOP) was significantly higher in the CMV group (P = 0.040). Consistent with elevated IOP, the CMV FUS patients were significantly more prone to developing glaucoma eventually than the RV FUS patients (P = 0.039). Vitreous opacity was found in 66.7% of the RV patients and 25.0% of the CMV patients (P = 0.038). The gender ratio, initial symptoms, presence and types of keratic precipitates, severity of anterior segment inflammation, iris lesions, and incidence of complicated cataract were similar between the two groups. There was no detectable difference of inflammatory cytokines in AH between RV FUS and CMV FUS. Conclusion: The clinical manifestations and disease prognosis vary between CMV FUS and RV FUS. However, clinical differences are always not obvious enough for differential diagnosis. The laboratory AH analysis is necessary to identify the etiology, determine the therapeutic strategies, and assess the disease prognosis. CI - Copyright © 2020 Kang, Bao, Shi, Feng, Yang, He, Wang, Hu and Tao. FAU - Kang, Hao AU - Kang H AD - Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. FAU - Bao, Han AU - Bao H AD - Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. FAU - Shi, Yanhong AU - Shi Y AD - Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. FAU - Feng, Jing AU - Feng J AD - Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. FAU - Yang, Weiqiang AU - Yang W AD - Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. FAU - He, Yinzhang AU - He Y AD - Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. FAU - Wang, Hui AU - Wang H AD - Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. FAU - Hu, Xiaofeng AU - Hu X AD - Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. FAU - Tao, Yong AU - Tao Y AD - Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20201218 TA - Front Med (Lausanne) JT - Frontiers in medicine JID - 101648047 PMC - PMC7775528 OTO - NOTNLM OT - anterior uveitis OT - cytokines OT - cytomegalovirus (CMV) OT - fuchs uveitis syndrome (FUS) OT - rubella virus (RV) COIS- The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. EDAT- 2021/01/05 06:00 MHDA- 2021/01/05 06:01 CRDT- 2021/01/04 05:30 PHST- 2020/10/08 00:00 [received] PHST- 2020/11/30 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2021/01/04 05:30 [entrez] PHST- 2021/01/05 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/01/05 06:01 [medline] AID - 10.3389/fmed.2020.610341 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Front Med (Lausanne). 2020 Dec 18;7:610341. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2020.610341. eCollection 2020. PMID- 16809297 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20060830 LR - 20191210 IS - 0022-538X (Print) IS - 1098-5514 (Electronic) IS - 0022-538X (Linking) VI - 80 IP - 14 DP - 2006 Jul TI - Analyses of phosphorylation events in the rubella virus capsid protein: role in early replication events. PG - 6917-25 AB - The Rubella virus capsid protein is phosphorylated prior to virus assembly. Our previous data are consistent with a model in which dynamic phosphorylation of the capsid regulates its RNA binding activity and, in turn, nucleocapsid assembly. In the present study, the process of capsid phosphorylation was examined in further detail. We show that phosphorylation of serine 46 in the RNA binding region of the capsid is required to trigger phosphorylation of additional amino acid residues that include threonine 47. This residue likely plays a direct role in regulating the binding of genomic RNA to the capsid. We also provide evidence which suggests that the capsid is dephosphorylated prior to or during virus budding. Finally, whereas the phosphorylation state of the capsid does not directly influence the rate of synthesis of viral RNA and proteins or the assembly and secretion of virions, the presence of phosphate on the capsid is critical for early events in virus replication, most likely the uncoating of virions and/or disassembly of nucleocapsids. FAU - Law, LokMan J AU - Law LJ AD - Department of Cell Biology, 5-14 Medical Sciences Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H7, Canada. FAU - Ilkow, Carolina S AU - Ilkow CS FAU - Tzeng, Wen-Pin AU - Tzeng WP FAU - Rawluk, Matthew AU - Rawluk M FAU - Stuart, David T AU - Stuart DT FAU - Frey, Teryl K AU - Frey TK FAU - Hobman, Tom C AU - Hobman TC LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't TA - J Virol JT - Journal of virology JID - 0113724 RN - 0 (Capsid Proteins) RN - 0 (RNA, Viral) RN - 2ZD004190S (Threonine) RN - 452VLY9402 (Serine) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - COS Cells MH - Capsid/*metabolism MH - Capsid Proteins/*metabolism MH - Chlorocebus aethiops MH - Cricetinae MH - Phosphorylation MH - Protein Binding MH - Protein Processing, Post-Translational/*physiology MH - Protein Structure, Tertiary MH - RNA, Viral/biosynthesis MH - Rubella virus/*physiology MH - Serine/metabolism MH - Threonine/metabolism MH - Vero Cells MH - Virus Assembly/*physiology MH - Virus Replication/*physiology PMC - PMC1489039 EDAT- 2006/07/01 09:00 MHDA- 2006/08/31 09:00 CRDT- 2006/07/01 09:00 PHST- 2006/07/01 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2006/08/31 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2006/07/01 09:00 [entrez] AID - 80/14/6917 [pii] AID - 1152-05 [pii] AID - 10.1128/JVI.01152-05 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Virol. 2006 Jul;80(14):6917-25. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01152-05. PMID- 18005637 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20080208 LR - 20190823 IS - 0025-7753 (Print) IS - 0025-7753 (Linking) VI - 129 IP - 17 DP - 2007 Nov 10 TI - [Seroprevalence of antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii, rubella virus, hepatitis B virus, HIV and Treponema pallidum in foreign pregnant women in Elche (Spain)]. PG - 677-8 FAU - Ramos, José Manuel AU - Ramos JM FAU - Milla, Alfredo AU - Milla A FAU - Rodríguez, Juan Carlos AU - Rodríguez JC FAU - Gutiérrez, Félix AU - Gutiérrez F LA - spa PT - Comparative Study PT - Letter TT - Seroprevalencia frente a Toxoplasma gondii, virus de la rubéola, virus de la hepatitis B, VIH y sífilis en gestantes extranjeras en Elche y comarca. PL - Spain TA - Med Clin (Barc) JT - Medicina clinica JID - 0376377 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Bacterial) RN - 0 (Antibodies, Protozoan) RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (HIV Antibodies) RN - 0 (Hepatitis B Antibodies) RN - 0 (rubella antibodies) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Antibodies, Bacterial/blood MH - Antibodies, Protozoan/blood MH - Antibodies, Viral/blood MH - *Emigrants and Immigrants MH - Female MH - HIV Antibodies/blood MH - *HIV Seroprevalence MH - Hepatitis B/*epidemiology MH - Hepatitis B Antibodies/blood MH - Humans MH - Pregnancy MH - Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/*epidemiology MH - Rubella/*epidemiology MH - Rubella virus/immunology MH - Seroepidemiologic Studies MH - Spain/epidemiology MH - Syphilis/*epidemiology MH - Toxoplasma/immunology MH - Toxoplasmosis/*epidemiology MH - Treponema pallidum/immunology EDAT- 2007/11/17 09:00 MHDA- 2008/02/09 09:00 CRDT- 2007/11/17 09:00 PHST- 2007/11/17 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2008/02/09 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2007/11/17 09:00 [entrez] AID - 13112097 [pii] AID - 10.1157/13112097 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Med Clin (Barc). 2007 Nov 10;129(17):677-8. doi: 10.1157/13112097. PMID- 22984771 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20121130 LR - 20191210 IS - 0208-0613 (Print) IS - 0208-0613 (Linking) IP - 3 DP - 2012 TI - [Studying of molecular mechanisms of rubella virus attenuation evidence from Russian strain C-77]. PG - 28-34 AB - Live attenuated rubella vaccine is used for vaccination. Temperature-sensitive (ts) phenotype was proved for almost all rubella vaccine strains, and the acquisition of the ts phenotype during cold adaptation was strongly correlated with the attenuation of the wild-type viruses. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms of the attenuation have been insufficiently understood for rubella virus. Study ofthese mechanisms, identifying genotypic markers of attenuation, which together with the sequence analyses could be used for genetic stability control of vaccine strains, is still of current interest. In this work, we determined nearly complete genome sequences of attenuated (ca) and the wildtype progenitor (wt) of the rubella virus strain C-77 isolated in Russia. Possible genetic determinants of attenuation were detected. Thus, 13 nucleotide differences leading to 6 amino acid substitutions were found. Four amino acid substitutions were found to be almost unique. Special consideration should be given to Tyr1042Cys substitution in the protease domain of C-77 strain, because it most probably plays the crucial role in acquisition of ts-phenotype. FAU - Dmitriev, G V AU - Dmitriev GV FAU - Borisova, T K AU - Borisova TK FAU - Faĭzuloev, E B AU - Faĭzuloev EB FAU - Zabiiaka, Iu I AU - Zabiiaka IuI FAU - Desiatskova, R G AU - Desiatskova RG FAU - Zverev, V V AU - Zverev VV LA - rus PT - Journal Article PL - Russia (Federation) TA - Mol Gen Mikrobiol Virusol JT - Molekuliarnaia genetika, mikrobiologiia i virusologiia JID - 9315607 RN - 0 (Rubella Vaccine) RN - 0 (Vaccines, Attenuated) SB - IM MH - *Adaptation, Physiological/genetics MH - Amino Acid Substitution/genetics MH - Animals MH - Chlorocebus aethiops MH - Cold Temperature MH - Genome, Viral MH - Humans MH - Phenotype MH - Phylogeny MH - *Rubella/genetics/virology MH - Rubella Vaccine/genetics MH - *Rubella virus/genetics/pathogenicity MH - Russia MH - Sequence Analysis, DNA MH - *Temperature MH - Vaccines, Attenuated/*genetics MH - Vero Cells EDAT- 2012/09/19 06:00 MHDA- 2012/12/10 06:00 CRDT- 2012/09/19 06:00 PHST- 2012/09/19 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2012/09/19 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2012/12/10 06:00 [medline] PST - ppublish SO - Mol Gen Mikrobiol Virusol. 2012;(3):28-34. PMID- 22312896 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20120302 LR - 20120208 IS - 0208-0613 (Print) IS - 0208-0613 (Linking) IP - 4 DP - 2011 TI - [Entification of the Rubella virus genotype 1H in Western Siberia]. PG - 18-23 AB - Molecular epidemiological study of novel strain of Rubella virus isolated during the outbreak in Western Siberia in 2004 was described. Detailed phylogenetic analysis performed based upon entire SP-region, which encodes all three Rubella structural proteins (C, E2, and E1), was implemented. This analysis provides characterization of this strain and classifies it as 1H genotype, thereby correcting previous classification of this strain based upon shorter nucleotide sequence, only encoding E1 protein. Therefore, this study identified the genotype of the Rubella virus not previously detected in Western Siberia (and even entire Russian Federation), which highlights the importance of more extensive characterization of genetic variability of the Rubella virus, especially with regard to potential influence of vaccination on the Rubella virus mutagenesis. FAU - Seregin, S V AU - Seregin SV FAU - Babkin, I V AU - Babkin IV FAU - Petrova, I D AU - Petrova ID FAU - Iashina, L N AU - Iashina LN FAU - Malkova, E M AU - Malkova EM FAU - Petrov, V S AU - Petrov VS LA - rus PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article PL - Russia (Federation) TA - Mol Gen Mikrobiol Virusol JT - Molekuliarnaia genetika, mikrobiologiia i virusologiia JID - 9315607 RN - 0 (Viral Envelope Proteins) RN - 0 (Viral Structural Proteins) RN - 131016-01-8 (E1 envelope protein, Rubella virus) RN - 131016-03-0 (E2 envelope protein, Rubella virus) SB - IM MH - Genotype MH - Genotyping Techniques MH - Humans MH - Mutation MH - Phylogeny MH - Rubella/epidemiology/*virology MH - Rubella virus/*classification/*genetics/isolation & purification MH - Siberia/epidemiology MH - Viral Envelope Proteins/classification/genetics MH - Viral Structural Proteins/classification/genetics EDAT- 2012/02/09 06:00 MHDA- 2012/03/03 06:00 CRDT- 2012/02/09 06:00 PHST- 2012/02/09 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2012/02/09 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2012/03/03 06:00 [medline] PST - ppublish SO - Mol Gen Mikrobiol Virusol. 2011;(4):18-23. PMID- 11418352 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20010913 LR - 20191104 IS - 1386-6532 (Print) IS - 1386-6532 (Linking) VI - 22 IP - 1 DP - 2001 Aug TI - Maturation of IgG avidity to individual rubella virus structural proteins. PG - 47-54 AB - BACKGROUND: the structural proteins of rubella virus, the capsid protein C and the envelope glycoproteins E1 and E2 were produced in lepidopteran insect cells using baculovirus expression vectors. The C-terminal ends of the corresponding proteins were fused to a polyhistidine tag for easy and gentle purification by metal ion affinity chromatography. OBJECTIVES: to investigate the maturation of natural and vaccinal IgG avidity against individual authentic and recombinant rubella virus (RV) structural proteins. STUDY DESIGN: the analysis was carried out using a modified immunoblotting technique where the purified baculovirus-expressed proteins were compared with authentic rubella virus proteins. Altogether, 47 well-characterised serum samples from both naturally infected patients and vaccines were studied. RESULTS: after natural RV infection, IgG antibodies specific for the E1 protein were predominant not only in terms of levels, but also in terms of rate and magnitude of avidity maturation. The avidity development of the IgG antibodies was much slower in vaccines than in patients after a natural RV infection. CONCLUSIONS: together, our results indicate that IgG avidity determination in conjunction with immunoblot analysis is useful in the diagnosis of a RV infection. The recombinant proteins showed similar reactivity patterns in the immunoblot analyses as compared with the authentic viral structural proteins, suggesting suitability for serodiagnostics. FAU - Nedeljkovic, J AU - Nedeljkovic J AD - Institute of Immunology and Virology, Torlak, Belgrade, Yugoslavia. FAU - Jovanovic, T AU - Jovanovic T FAU - Oker-Blom, C AU - Oker-Blom C LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - Netherlands TA - J Clin Virol JT - Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology JID - 9815671 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin G) RN - 0 (Rubella Vaccine) RN - 0 (Viral Core Proteins) RN - 0 (Viral Envelope Proteins) RN - 0 (nucleocapsid protein (C), rubella virus) RN - 131016-01-8 (E1 envelope protein, Rubella virus) RN - 131016-03-0 (E2 envelope protein, Rubella virus) SB - IM MH - Antibodies, Viral/blood/*immunology MH - Antibody Affinity/*immunology MH - Humans MH - Immunoglobulin G/blood/*immunology MH - Rubella/blood/*immunology MH - Rubella Vaccine/immunology MH - Rubella virus/immunology MH - Vaccination MH - Viral Core Proteins/*immunology MH - Viral Envelope Proteins/*immunology EDAT- 2001/06/22 10:00 MHDA- 2001/09/14 10:01 CRDT- 2001/06/22 10:00 PHST- 2001/06/22 10:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2001/09/14 10:01 [medline] PHST- 2001/06/22 10:00 [entrez] AID - S1386-6532(01)00161-5 [pii] AID - 10.1016/s1386-6532(01)00161-5 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Clin Virol. 2001 Aug;22(1):47-54. doi: 10.1016/s1386-6532(01)00161-5. PMID- 15045564 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20040527 LR - 20211203 IS - 0304-8608 (Print) IS - 0304-8608 (Linking) VI - 149 IP - 4 DP - 2004 Apr TI - Rubella virus P90 associates with the cytokinesis regulatory protein Citron-K kinase and the viral infection and constitutive expression of P90 protein both induce cell cycle arrest following S phase in cell culture. PG - 779-89 AB - In utero infection of developing fetus by Rubella virus (RV) causes cell division inhibition of critical precursor cells in organogenesis, CNS-associated birth defects and induction of apoptosis in cell culture. The underlying mechanisms of RV-induced congenital abnormalities are not known. Here, we identified a novel interaction between RV replicase P90 protein and a cytokinesis-regulatory protein, the Citron-K kinase (CK), in a yeast two-hybrid cDNA library screen. Aberrations in cytokinesis and subsequent apoptosis do occur in specific cell types when the CK gene is knocked out or, its regulatory function is perturbed. Our analysis found that full-length P90 binds CK and in RV-infected cells P90 colocalizes with CK in the cytoplasm. Furthermore, during RV infection as well as cellular expression of P90 alone, we identified a discrete subpopulation of cells containing 4N DNA content, indicating that these cells are arrested in the cell cycle following S phase, suggesting that cellular expression of viral P90 during RV infection perturbs cytokinesis. Previous reports by others established that RV infection leads to apoptosis in cell culture. These observations together taken to the fetal organogenesis level, favor the idea that RV P90, by binding to cellular CK, invokes cell cycle aberrations resulting in the cell- and organ-specific growth inhibition and programmed cell death during RV infection in utero, which commonly is referred to as RV-induced teratogenesis. FAU - Atreya, C D AU - Atreya CD AD - Section of Viral Pathogenesis and Adverse Reactions, Laboratory of Pediatric and Respiratory Viral Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. Atreya@cber.fda.gov FAU - Kulkarni, S AU - Kulkarni S FAU - Mohan, K V K AU - Mohan KV LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. DEP - 20040105 PL - Austria TA - Arch Virol JT - Archives of virology JID - 7506870 RN - 0 (Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins) RN - 0 (Viral Nonstructural Proteins) RN - EC 2.7.1.- (citron-kinase) RN - EC 2.7.11.1 (Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases) SB - IM MH - Amino Acid Sequence MH - Animals MH - Cell Cycle MH - Chlorocebus aethiops MH - Cytoplasm/metabolism MH - Flow Cytometry MH - Fluorescent Antibody Technique MH - Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - Protein Binding MH - Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/biosynthesis/genetics/*metabolism MH - Rubella/congenital/virology MH - Rubella virus/chemistry/*metabolism MH - S Phase MH - Sequence Alignment MH - Two-Hybrid System Techniques MH - Vero Cells MH - Viral Nonstructural Proteins/*metabolism EDAT- 2004/03/27 05:00 MHDA- 2004/05/28 05:00 CRDT- 2004/03/27 05:00 PHST- 2003/04/08 00:00 [received] PHST- 2003/10/18 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2004/03/27 05:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2004/05/28 05:00 [medline] PHST- 2004/03/27 05:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1007/s00705-003-0267-6 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Arch Virol. 2004 Apr;149(4):779-89. doi: 10.1007/s00705-003-0267-6. Epub 2004 Jan 5. PMID- 20086014 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20100412 LR - 20211020 IS - 1083-351X (Electronic) IS - 0021-9258 (Print) IS - 0021-9258 (Linking) VI - 285 IP - 12 DP - 2010 Mar 19 TI - Calcium-dependent association of calmodulin with the rubella virus nonstructural protease domain. PG - 8855-68 LID - 10.1074/jbc.M109.097063 [doi] AB - The rubella virus (RUBV) nonstructural (NS) protease domain, a Ca(2+)- and Zn(2+)-binding papain-like cysteine protease domain within the nonstructural replicase polyprotein precursor, is responsible for the self-cleavage of the precursor into two mature products, P150 and P90, that compose the replication complex that mediates viral RNA replication; the NS protease resides at the C terminus of P150. Here we report the Ca(2+)-dependent, stoichiometric association of calmodulin (CaM) with the RUBV NS protease. Co-immunoprecipitation and pulldown assays coupled with site-directed mutagenesis demonstrated that both the P150 protein and a 110-residue minidomain within NS protease interacted directly with Ca(2+)/CaM. The specific interaction was mapped to a putative CaM-binding domain. A 32-mer peptide (residues 1152-1183, denoted as RUBpep) containing the putative CaM-binding domain was used to investigate the association of RUBV NS protease with CaM or its N- and C-terminal subdomains. We found that RUBpep bound to Ca(2+)/CaM with a dissociation constant of 100-300 nm. The C-terminal subdomain of CaM preferentially bound to RUBpep with an affinity 12.5-fold stronger than the N-terminal subdomain. Fluorescence, circular dichroism and NMR spectroscopic studies revealed a "wrapping around" mode of interaction between RUBpep and Ca(2+)/CaM with substantially more helical structure in RUBpep and a global structural change in CaM upon complex formation. Using a site-directed mutagenesis approach, we further demonstrated that association of CaM with the CaM-binding domain in the RUBV NS protease was necessary for NS protease activity and infectivity. FAU - Zhou, Yubin AU - Zhou Y AD - Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA. FAU - Tzeng, Wen-Pin AU - Tzeng WP FAU - Wong, Hing-Cheung AU - Wong HC FAU - Ye, Yiming AU - Ye Y FAU - Jiang, Jie AU - Jiang J FAU - Chen, Yanyi AU - Chen Y FAU - Huang, Yun AU - Huang Y FAU - Suppiah, Suganthi AU - Suppiah S FAU - Frey, Teryl K AU - Frey TK FAU - Yang, Jenny J AU - Yang JJ LA - eng GR - R01 GM081749/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 AI021389/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 GM062999/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 AI21389/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 GM062999-05/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 GM081749-04/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 GM62999/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20100119 TA - J Biol Chem JT - The Journal of biological chemistry JID - 2985121R RN - 0 (Calmodulin) RN - 0 (Peptides) RN - 0 (Viral Nonstructural Proteins) RN - EC 3.4.- (Cysteine Proteases) RN - J41CSQ7QDS (Zinc) RN - SY7Q814VUP (Calcium) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Binding Sites MH - Calcium/*chemistry MH - Calmodulin/*chemistry MH - Chlorocebus aethiops MH - Cysteine Proteases/chemistry MH - Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods MH - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed MH - Peptides/chemistry MH - Protein Structure, Tertiary MH - Rubella virus/*enzymology MH - Spectrometry, Fluorescence/methods MH - Vero Cells MH - Viral Nonstructural Proteins/*chemistry MH - Zinc/chemistry PMC - PMC2838307 EDAT- 2010/01/21 06:00 MHDA- 2010/04/13 06:00 CRDT- 2010/01/21 06:00 PHST- 2010/01/21 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2010/01/21 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2010/04/13 06:00 [medline] AID - S0021-9258(20)87283-4 [pii] AID - M109.097063 [pii] AID - 10.1074/jbc.M109.097063 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Biol Chem. 2010 Mar 19;285(12):8855-68. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M109.097063. Epub 2010 Jan 19. PMID- 10733171 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20000531 LR - 20191210 IS - 0882-8245 (Print) IS - 0882-8245 (Linking) VI - 13 IP - 1 DP - 2000 TI - Neutralizing monoclonal antibody to the E1 glycoprotein epitope of rubella virus mediates virus arrest in VERO cells. PG - 83-92 AB - The best-known mechanism of action of antibody-mediated virus neutralization is to impede the entrance of viruses to host cells, as determined by neutralization assays. Antibodies may also inhibit the exit of rubella virus (RV) from infected host cells; in this case, the interaction of the antibodies with their domains must occur on the plasma membrane, because antibodies cannot enter the cells. In the present study, we were able to block temporally the exit of virions from RV-infected cells by the binding of monoclonal antibody (mAb) H3 to their surface. The objective was accomplished in three steps: first, we determined the duration of the viral replication cycle; then we established the kinetics of the presence of the domains defined by our mAbs in the cytoplasm of RV-infected VERO cells; and, finally, we assessed the release of viral particles to the supernatant of infected VERO cells in the presence or absence of mAbs or positive and negative mice sera. RV-specific mice sera and mAb H3, which binds to the amino acid sequence 208-239 of the RV-E1 glycoprotein, were able to delay for 24 hours the release of virions from infected cultures, suggesting that the reaction of mAb H3 with its epitope may arrest any change necessary for the assembly and/or release of virions. In conclusion, the neutralizing domain recognized by mAb induces antibodies that can block the viral replication by several mechanisms of action, such as the obstruction of virus entry into cells and the delay of viral release. All of these mechanisms are intimately involved in the critical virus-host cell interactions that allow self-limitation of the infection. FAU - Cordoba, P AU - Cordoba P AD - Instituto de Virologia, Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Ciudad Universitaria, Argentina. paticor@infovia.com.ar FAU - Grutadauria, S AU - Grutadauria S FAU - Cuffini, C AU - Cuffini C FAU - Zapata, M AU - Zapata M LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - United States TA - Viral Immunol JT - Viral immunology JID - 8801552 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Monoclonal) RN - 0 (Antigens, Viral) RN - 0 (Epitopes) RN - 0 (Viral Envelope Proteins) RN - 131016-01-8 (E1 envelope protein, Rubella virus) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Antibodies, Monoclonal/*immunology MH - Antigens, Viral/*immunology MH - Chlorocebus aethiops MH - Epitopes/immunology MH - Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect MH - Immunoblotting/methods MH - Kinetics MH - Mice MH - Neutralization Tests MH - Rubella virus/*immunology/physiology MH - Vero Cells MH - Viral Envelope Proteins/*immunology MH - Virion/physiology MH - Virus Replication EDAT- 2000/03/25 09:00 MHDA- 2000/06/03 09:00 CRDT- 2000/03/25 09:00 PHST- 2000/03/25 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2000/06/03 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2000/03/25 09:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1089/vim.2000.13.83 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Viral Immunol. 2000;13(1):83-92. doi: 10.1089/vim.2000.13.83. PMID- 20480639 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20100813 LR - 20161021 IS - 1000-8721 (Print) IS - 1000-8721 (Linking) VI - 26 IP - 2 DP - 2010 Mar TI - [Simultaneous detection of measles and rubella virus by multiplex real-time RT-PCR with an internal control]. PG - 109-14 AB - Measles and rubella virus cause fever rash diseases that are uneasy to differentiate clinically from each other. Specific primers and fluorescence-labeled probes were designed, and a multiplex Real-time RT-PCR with an internal control was developed to simultaneously identify the measles and rubella virus. The multiplex Real-time RT-PCR assay was specific and no false positive or false negative results were found. The sensitivity of the assay was 0.1TCID50/mL and 1TCID50/mL for measles and rubella virus respectively. Analysis with 0.1-10(3)TCID50/mL measles or rubella virus samples demonstrated high validity and reproducibility with the coefficient of variability(CV) of below 0.9% for both measles and rubella virus. Using ribonuclease P (RNase P) as internal false negative control, the developed multiplex Real-time RT-PCR assay is suitable for rapid clinical diagnosis of measles and rubella virus. FAU - Yu, Bei-Bei AU - Yu BB AD - Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Medical school, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China. FAU - Feng, Yan AU - Feng Y FAU - Xu, Chang-Ping AU - Xu CP FAU - Lu, Yi-Yu AU - Lu YY FAU - Qian, Jing AU - Qian J LA - chi PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article PL - China TA - Bing Du Xue Bao JT - Bing du xue bao = Chinese journal of virology JID - 8803009 RN - 0 (Fluorescent Dyes) RN - 0 (RNA, Viral) RN - EC 3.1.26.5 (Ribonuclease P) SB - IM MH - Fluorescent Dyes MH - Humans MH - Measles/diagnosis/virology MH - Measles virus/*genetics MH - RNA, Viral/genetics/isolation & purification MH - Reproducibility of Results MH - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/*methods MH - Ribonuclease P/genetics MH - Rubella/diagnosis/virology MH - Rubella virus/*genetics MH - Sensitivity and Specificity EDAT- 2010/05/20 06:00 MHDA- 2010/08/14 06:00 CRDT- 2010/05/20 06:00 PHST- 2010/05/20 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2010/05/20 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2010/08/14 06:00 [medline] PST - ppublish SO - Bing Du Xue Bao. 2010 Mar;26(2):109-14. PMID- 17913862 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20080114 LR - 20211020 IS - 1556-6811 (Print) IS - 1556-679X (Electronic) IS - 1556-679X (Linking) VI - 14 IP - 11 DP - 2007 Nov TI - Development of a rapid and convenient method for determination of rubella virus-specific immunoglobulin G avidity. PG - 1416-9 AB - We describe here a rapid and semiautomated method for the determination of rubella virus immunoglobulin G (IgG) avidity with the VIDAS instrument. A total of 153 serum samples from persons with naturally acquired rubella virus infections (n = 98), from vaccinated persons (n = 44), and from patients with autoantibodies (n = 11) were included in this study. The rubella virus-specific IgG avidity assay we developed for the VIDAS instrument was evaluated by comparison with an in-house method. Results obtained with the VIDAS instrument allow considering this method valuable to help confirm or exclude acute primary infection or recent vaccination. FAU - Vauloup-Fellous, Christelle AU - Vauloup-Fellous C AD - Faculty of Medicine Paris-Sud, University Paris-Sud 11, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94276, France. christelle.vauloup@abc.aphp.fr FAU - Ursulet-Diser, Jessica AU - Ursulet-Diser J FAU - Grangeot-Keros, Liliane AU - Grangeot-Keros L LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20071003 TA - Clin Vaccine Immunol JT - Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI JID - 101252125 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin G) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin M) RN - 0 (rubella antibodies) SB - IM MH - Antibodies, Viral/blood/*immunology MH - *Antibody Affinity MH - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/*methods MH - Humans MH - Immunoglobulin G/blood/*immunology MH - Immunoglobulin M/blood/immunology MH - Rubella/*immunology/virology MH - Rubella virus/*immunology PMC - PMC2168184 EDAT- 2007/10/05 09:00 MHDA- 2008/01/15 09:00 CRDT- 2007/10/05 09:00 PHST- 2007/10/05 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2008/01/15 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2007/10/05 09:00 [entrez] AID - CVI.00312-07 [pii] AID - 0312-07 [pii] AID - 10.1128/CVI.00312-07 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2007 Nov;14(11):1416-9. doi: 10.1128/CVI.00312-07. Epub 2007 Oct 3. PMID- 21248045 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20110518 LR - 20211203 IS - 1098-5514 (Electronic) IS - 0022-538X (Print) IS - 0022-538X (Linking) VI - 85 IP - 8 DP - 2011 Apr TI - Involvement of p32 and microtubules in alteration of mitochondrial functions by rubella virus. PG - 3881-92 LID - 10.1128/JVI.02492-10 [doi] AB - The interaction of the rubella virus (RV) capsid (C) protein and the mitochondrial p32 protein is believed to participate in virus replication. In this study, the physiological significance of the association of RV with mitochondria was investigated by silencing p32 through RNA interference. It was demonstrated that downregulation of p32 interferes with microtubule-directed redistribution of mitochondria in RV-infected cells. However, the association of the viral C protein with mitochondria was not affected. When cell lines either pretreated with respiratory chain inhibitors or cultivated under (mild) hypoxic conditions were infected with RV, viral replication was reduced in a time-dependent fashion. Additionally, RV infection induces increased activity of mitochondrial electron transport chain complex III, which was associated with an increase in the mitochondrial membrane potential. These effects are outstanding among the examples of mitochondrial alterations caused by viruses. In contrast to the preferential localization of p32 to the mitochondrial matrix in most cell lines, RV-permissive cell lines were characterized by an almost exclusive membrane association of p32. Conceivably, this contributes to p32 function(s) during RV replication. The data presented suggest that p32 fulfills an essential function for RV replication in directing trafficking of mitochondria near sites of viral replication to meet the energy demands of the virus. FAU - Claus, C AU - Claus C AD - Institute of Virology, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, Leipzig D-04103, Germany. FAU - Chey, S AU - Chey S FAU - Heinrich, S AU - Heinrich S FAU - Reins, M AU - Reins M FAU - Richardt, B AU - Richardt B FAU - Pinkert, S AU - Pinkert S FAU - Fechner, H AU - Fechner H FAU - Gaunitz, F AU - Gaunitz F FAU - Schäfer, I AU - Schäfer I FAU - Seibel, P AU - Seibel P FAU - Liebert, U G AU - Liebert UG LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20110119 TA - J Virol JT - Journal of virology JID - 0113724 RN - 0 (C1QBP protein, human) RN - 0 (Carrier Proteins) RN - 0 (Mitochondrial Proteins) RN - 0 (Viral Core Proteins) RN - 0 (nucleocapsid protein (C), rubella virus) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Carrier Proteins MH - Cell Line MH - Electron Transport MH - Gene Silencing MH - *Host-Pathogen Interactions MH - Humans MH - Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial MH - Microtubules/*metabolism MH - Mitochondria/*metabolism/*virology MH - Mitochondrial Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism MH - RNA Interference MH - Rubella virus/*pathogenicity MH - Viral Core Proteins/*metabolism PMC - PMC3126120 EDAT- 2011/01/21 06:00 MHDA- 2011/05/19 06:00 CRDT- 2011/01/21 06:00 PHST- 2011/01/21 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2011/01/21 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2011/05/19 06:00 [medline] AID - JVI.02492-10 [pii] AID - 2492-10 [pii] AID - 10.1128/JVI.02492-10 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Virol. 2011 Apr;85(8):3881-92. doi: 10.1128/JVI.02492-10. Epub 2011 Jan 19. PMID- 30703462 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20200615 LR - 20200615 IS - 1095-9130 (Electronic) IS - 1046-2023 (Linking) VI - 158 DP - 2019 Apr 1 TI - Validation of monoplex assays detecting antibodies against Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Clostridium tetani toxins, rubella virus and parvovirus B19 for incorporation into Multiplex Serology. PG - 44-53 LID - S1046-2023(18)30199-3 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.ymeth.2019.01.013 [doi] AB - Serological assays detecting antibodies in serum or plasma samples are useful and versatile instruments to investigate an individual's infection and vaccination history, e.g. for clinical diagnosis, personal risk evaluation, and seroepidemiological studies. Multiplex Serology is a suspension bead array-based high-throughput methodology for simultaneous measurement of antibodies against multiple pathogens in a single reaction vessel, thus economizing sample volume, measurement time, and costs. We developed and validated bead-based pathogen-specific Monoplex Serology assays, i.e. assays including only antigens for the respective pathogen, to detect antibodies against Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Clostridium tetani toxins, rubella virus and parvovirus B19. The developed assays expand the portfolio of existing pathogen-specific bead-based serology assays and can be efficiently incorporated into larger Multiplex Serology panels. The newly developed Monoplex Serology assays consist of only one antigen per infectious agent, expressed as Glutathione S-transferase-fusion proteins in E. coli. Specificity, sensitivity and Cohen's kappa statistics in comparison with routine clinical diagnostic assays were calculated for serum dilutions 1:100 and 1:1000. All pathogen-specific assays were successfully validated at both serum dilutions with the exception of rubella Monoplex Serology which showed impaired sensitivity (57.6%) at dilution 1:1000. Specificities of successfully validated Monoplex Serology assays ranged from 85.6% to 100.0% (median: 91.7%), and sensitivities from 81.3% to 95.8% (median: 90.9%); agreement with the reference assays ranged from substantial to almost perfect (kappa: 0.66-0.86, median: 0.78). Statistical performance and slim assay design enable efficient incorporation of the developed assays into Multiplex Serology. CI - Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. FAU - Brenner, Nicole AU - Brenner N AD - Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany. Electronic address: nicole.brenner@dkfz-heidelberg.de. FAU - Butt, Julia AU - Butt J AD - Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany. Electronic address: j.butt@dkfz-Heidelberg.de. FAU - Bomfim, Izaura Lima AU - Bomfim IL AD - Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: izaura.lima@ki.se. FAU - Tabatabai, Julia AU - Tabatabai J AD - Center for Infectious Diseases, Virology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Electronic address: Julia.Tabatabai@med.uni-heidelberg.de. FAU - Pawlita, Michael AU - Pawlita M AD - Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany. Electronic address: m.pawlita@dkfz-heidelberg.de. FAU - Schnitzler, Paul AU - Schnitzler P AD - Center for Infectious Diseases, Virology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Electronic address: Paul.Schnitzler@med.uni-heidelberg.de. FAU - Waterboer, Tim AU - Waterboer T AD - Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany. Electronic address: t.waterboer@dkfz-heidelberg.de. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Validation Study DEP - 20190128 PL - United States TA - Methods JT - Methods (San Diego, Calif.) JID - 9426302 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Bacterial) RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Antigens, Bacterial) RN - 0 (Antigens, Viral) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin G) RN - 0 (Recombinant Proteins) RN - 0 (Tetanus Toxin) SB - IM MH - Antibodies, Bacterial/blood/immunology/*isolation & purification MH - Antibodies, Viral/blood/immunology/*isolation & purification MH - Antigens, Bacterial/genetics/immunology MH - Antigens, Viral/genetics/immunology MH - Clostridium tetani/immunology MH - Corynebacterium diphtheriae/immunology MH - Diphtheria/blood/diagnosis/immunology/microbiology MH - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/instrumentation/methods MH - High-Throughput Screening Assays/instrumentation/*methods MH - Humans MH - Immunoglobulin G/blood/immunology/isolation & purification MH - Magnetic Phenomena MH - Microspheres MH - Models, Animal MH - Parvoviridae Infections/blood/diagnosis/immunology/virology MH - Parvovirus B19, Human/immunology MH - Recombinant Proteins/genetics/immunology MH - Rubella/blood/diagnosis/immunology/virology MH - Rubella virus/immunology MH - Sensitivity and Specificity MH - Serologic Tests/instrumentation/*methods MH - Tetanus/blood/diagnosis/immunology/microbiology MH - Tetanus Toxin/genetics/immunology OTO - NOTNLM OT - *High-throughput assay OT - *Multiplex OT - *Parvovirus B19 OT - *Serology OT - *Vaccine-preventable diseases EDAT- 2019/02/01 06:00 MHDA- 2020/06/17 06:00 CRDT- 2019/02/01 06:00 PHST- 2018/08/27 00:00 [received] PHST- 2018/12/27 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2019/01/23 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2019/02/01 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/06/17 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2019/02/01 06:00 [entrez] AID - S1046-2023(18)30199-3 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.ymeth.2019.01.013 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Methods. 2019 Apr 1;158:44-53. doi: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2019.01.013. Epub 2019 Jan 28. PMID- 11289813 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20010510 LR - 20191210 IS - 0042-6822 (Print) IS - 0042-6822 (Linking) VI - 282 IP - 2 DP - 2001 Apr 10 TI - Rubella virus RNA replication is cis-preferential and synthesis of negative- and positive-strand RNAs is regulated by the processing of nonstructural protein. PG - 307-19 AB - Rubella virus (RV) genome encodes nonstructural protein (NSP) in a large open reading frame at its 5' end. It is translated into p200 and further processed into p150 and p90. The NSPs are responsible for viral RNA replication, during which a full-length negative-strand RNA serves as the intermediate for the replication of positive-strand genomic RNA and the transcription of subgenomic RNA. Using complementation experiments, we demonstrated that RV negative-strand RNA is synthesized preferentially in cis while positive-strand RNAs can be synthesized both in cis and in trans but with higher efficiency in cis. During virus infection, negative-strand RNA accumulates until 10 hours postinfection (hpi) and remains nearly constant thereafter. In contrast, positive-strand RNAs (both genomic and subgenomic RNA) do not increase much before 10 hpi and accumulate rapidly thereafter. Previously we demonstrated that p200 synthesizes negative- but not positive-strand RNA, whereas cleavage products p150/p90 are required for efficient production of positive-strand RNAs. In this study, we present evidence demonstrating that a higher concentration of p150/p90 is associated with lower production of negative-strand RNA. Our data support the hypothesis that p200 is the principal replicase for negative-strand RNA, as is p150/p90 for positive-strand RNA. The switch from the synthesis of negative- to positive-strand RNA is thus regulated by NSP processing, which not only activates the efficient production of positive-strand RNA, but also disables negative-strand RNA synthesis. A mechanism for NSP translation, processing, and regulation of RV RNA synthesis is proposed. CI - Copyright 2001 Academic Press. FAU - Liang, Y AU - Liang Y AD - Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 4H4, Canada. FAU - Gillam, S AU - Gillam S LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - United States TA - Virology JT - Virology JID - 0110674 RN - 0 (RNA, Viral) RN - 0 (Viral Nonstructural Proteins) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Cell Line MH - Chlorocebus aethiops MH - Cricetinae MH - Defective Viruses/genetics/physiology MH - Genome, Viral MH - Helper Viruses/genetics/physiology MH - Models, Biological MH - Molecular Weight MH - Mutation/genetics MH - Nuclease Protection Assays MH - Open Reading Frames/genetics MH - Protein Biosynthesis MH - *Protein Processing, Post-Translational MH - RNA, Viral/*biosynthesis/*genetics/metabolism MH - Rubella virus/genetics/*physiology MH - Time Factors MH - Vero Cells MH - Viral Nonstructural Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism MH - Virus Replication EDAT- 2001/04/06 10:00 MHDA- 2001/05/22 10:01 CRDT- 2001/04/06 10:00 PHST- 2001/04/06 10:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2001/05/22 10:01 [medline] PHST- 2001/04/06 10:00 [entrez] AID - S0042-6822(01)90862-1 [pii] AID - 10.1006/viro.2001.0862 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Virology. 2001 Apr 10;282(2):307-19. doi: 10.1006/viro.2001.0862. PMID- 30775294 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20200929 IS - 2229-5178 (Print) IS - 2249-5673 (Electronic) IS - 2229-5178 (Linking) VI - 10 IP - 1 DP - 2019 Jan-Feb TI - The Efficacy and Safety of Intralesional Immunotherapy with Measles, Mumps, Rubella Virus Vaccine for the Treatment of Common Warts in Adults. PG - 19-26 LID - 10.4103/idoj.IDOJ_142_18 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Most therapeutic modalities for common warts remain unsatisfactory. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate efficacy and safety of intralesional MMR (measles, mumps, rubella virus) vaccine in the treatment of common warts in adults. PATIENTS AND METHODS: There were 110 (M:F = 61:49) patients aged 19-62 years having 1-211 warts over dorsal hands, feet, palms, soles, and periungual skin for 1-252 months. MMR vaccine 0.25 mL was injected intralesionally in the largest wart and repeated at 2-week interval until complete clearance or maximum of five doses. The outcome was evaluated as complete clearance, excellent, good, or unsatisfactory response on visual analog scale at every visit and at 4 and 8 weeks, thereafter by comparing baseline clinical photograph. Likert scale was used for patient satisfaction level assessment similarly. RESULTS: Only 51 patients completed the study and 42 (82.4%) of them showed complete clearance of warts and 9 (17.6%) patients showed good or unsatisfactory response. In 4 (7.8%) patients, the warts subsided completely after one dose itself. The four patients showing excellent response after five doses initially also continued to improve during follow-up period of 8 weeks. Except for injection site pain, no adverse effects were noted. There was no recurrence of warts among cured who were also very much satisfied from treatment. CONCLUSION: Despite variable results, intralesional MMR vaccine immunotherapy appears another possible safe and effective treatment option for common warts in a set of adult patients with advantages of regression of distant warts, no significant adverse effects and low recurrence. However, well-designed, controlled studies for minimum effective dose and treatment schedule are highly desirable to make any recommendation. FAU - Chauhan, Pushpinder Singh AU - Chauhan PS AD - Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Dr. R. P. Govt. Medical College, Kangra (Tanda), Himachal Pradesh, India. FAU - Mahajan, Vikram K AU - Mahajan VK AD - Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Dr. R. P. Govt. Medical College, Kangra (Tanda), Himachal Pradesh, India. FAU - Mehta, Karaninder Singh AU - Mehta KS AD - Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Dr. R. P. Govt. Medical College, Kangra (Tanda), Himachal Pradesh, India. FAU - Rawat, Ritu AU - Rawat R AD - Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Dr. R. P. Govt. Medical College, Kangra (Tanda), Himachal Pradesh, India. FAU - Sharma, Vikas AU - Sharma V AD - Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Dr. R. P. Govt. Medical College, Kangra (Tanda), Himachal Pradesh, India. LA - eng PT - Journal Article TA - Indian Dermatol Online J JT - Indian dermatology online journal JID - 101586880 PMC - PMC6362737 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Human papilloma virus OT - immunotherapy OT - verruca vulgaris OT - warts COIS- There are no conflicts of interest. EDAT- 2019/02/19 06:00 MHDA- 2019/02/19 06:01 CRDT- 2019/02/19 06:00 PHST- 2019/02/19 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2019/02/19 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2019/02/19 06:01 [medline] AID - IDOJ-10-19 [pii] AID - 10.4103/idoj.IDOJ_142_18 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Indian Dermatol Online J. 2019 Jan-Feb;10(1):19-26. doi: 10.4103/idoj.IDOJ_142_18. PMID- 18353451 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20080612 LR - 20191210 IS - 0166-0934 (Print) IS - 0166-0934 (Linking) VI - 149 IP - 2 DP - 2008 May TI - A multiplex TaqMan PCR assay for the detection of measles and rubella virus. PG - 246-50 LID - 10.1016/j.jviromet.2008.01.032 [doi] AB - Measles and rubella virus cause fever/rash diseases that are difficult to differentiate clinically. Both viruses can be detected in the same clinical specimens and are propagated on the same cell cultures. A single-tube multiplex TaqMan assay is described for the simultaneous and rapid detection of the full spectrum of known genetic variants. The performance of the assay is similar to a conventional nested PCR and generates cDNA with random primers which can be used directly for virus genotyping. FAU - Hübschen, Judith M AU - Hübschen JM AD - Institute of Immunology and WHO Collaborative Centre for Measles and WHO European Regional Reference Laboratory for Measles and Rubella, Laboratoire National de Santé, 20A rue Auguste Lumière, L-1950 Luxembourg, Luxembourg. FAU - Kremer, Jacques R AU - Kremer JR FAU - De Landtsheer, Sébastien AU - De Landtsheer S FAU - Muller, Claude P AU - Muller CP LA - eng PT - Comparative Study PT - Evaluation Study PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20080318 PL - Netherlands TA - J Virol Methods JT - Journal of virological methods JID - 8005839 RN - 0 (DNA Primers) RN - 0 (RNA, Viral) SB - IM MH - Base Sequence MH - DNA Primers/genetics MH - Measles/*diagnosis MH - Measles virus/genetics/*isolation & purification MH - Polymerase Chain Reaction/*methods MH - RNA, Viral/genetics MH - Rubella/*diagnosis MH - Rubella virus/genetics/*isolation & purification MH - Sequence Alignment EDAT- 2008/03/21 09:00 MHDA- 2008/06/13 09:00 CRDT- 2008/03/21 09:00 PHST- 2007/10/11 00:00 [received] PHST- 2008/01/29 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2008/01/31 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2008/03/21 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2008/06/13 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2008/03/21 09:00 [entrez] AID - S0166-0934(08)00059-1 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.jviromet.2008.01.032 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Virol Methods. 2008 May;149(2):246-50. doi: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2008.01.032. Epub 2008 Mar 18. PMID- 20696450 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20101005 LR - 20211020 IS - 1096-0341 (Electronic) IS - 0042-6822 (Print) IS - 0042-6822 (Linking) VI - 406 IP - 2 DP - 2010 Oct 25 TI - Analysis of the function of cytoplasmic fibers formed by the rubella virus nonstructural replicase proteins. PG - 212-27 LID - 10.1016/j.virol.2010.07.025 [doi] AB - The P150 and P90 replicase proteins of rubella virus (RUBV), a plus-strand RNA Togavirus, produce a unique cytoplasmic fiber network resembling microtubules. Pharmacological and mutagenic approaches were used to determine if these fibers functioned in virus replication. The pharmacological approach revealed that microtubules were required for fiber formation, but neither was necessary for virus replication. Through the mutagenic approach it was found that α-helices near both termini of P150 were necessary for fiber assembly and infectivity, but fiber formation and viability could not be correlated because most of these mutations were lethal. The N-terminal α-helix of P150 affected both proteolytic processing of P150 and P90 from the P200 precursor and targeting of P200, possibly through directing conformational folding of P200. Finally, we made the unexpected discovery that RUBV genomes can spread from cell-to-cell without virus particles, a process that we hypothesize utilizes RUBV-induced cytoplasmic projections containing fibers and replication complexes. CI - Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. FAU - Matthews, Jason D AU - Matthews JD AD - Georgia State University, Department of Biology, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA. FAU - Tzeng, Wen-Pin AU - Tzeng WP FAU - Frey, Teryl K AU - Frey TK LA - eng GR - R01 AI021389/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States GR - AI21389/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20100808 TA - Virology JT - Virology JID - 0110674 RN - 0 (Viral Nonstructural Proteins) SB - IM MH - Amino Acid Sequence MH - Animals MH - Chlorocebus aethiops MH - Cytoplasm/*metabolism/virology MH - Humans MH - Microtubule-Organizing Center/metabolism/virology MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - Mutation MH - Protein Structure, Secondary MH - Protein Structure, Tertiary MH - Rubella/*metabolism/virology MH - Rubella virus/genetics/*physiology MH - Vero Cells MH - Viral Nonstructural Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism MH - Virus Replication PMC - PMC2939240 MID - NIHMS225389 EDAT- 2010/08/11 06:00 MHDA- 2010/10/06 06:00 CRDT- 2010/08/11 06:00 PHST- 2010/04/21 00:00 [received] PHST- 2010/05/30 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2010/07/18 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2010/08/11 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2010/08/11 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2010/10/06 06:00 [medline] AID - S0042-6822(10)00478-2 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.virol.2010.07.025 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Virology. 2010 Oct 25;406(2):212-27. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2010.07.025. Epub 2010 Aug 8. PMID- 18795894 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20090115 LR - 20211020 IS - 1470-8728 (Electronic) IS - 0264-6021 (Print) IS - 0264-6021 (Linking) VI - 417 IP - 2 DP - 2009 Jan 15 TI - A cysteine-rich metal-binding domain from rubella virus non-structural protein is essential for viral protease activity and virus replication. PG - 477-83 LID - 10.1042/BJ20081468 [doi] AB - The protease domain within the RUBV (rubella virus) NS (non-structural) replicase proteins functions in the self-cleavage of the polyprotein precursor into the two mature proteins which form the replication complex. This domain has previously been shown to require both zinc and calcium ions for optimal activity. In the present study we carried out metal-binding and conformational experiments on a purified cysteine-rich minidomain of the RUBV NS protease containing the putative Zn(2+)-binding ligands. This minidomain bound to Zn(2+) with a stoichiometry of approximately 0.7 and an apparent dissociation constant of <500 nM. Fluorescence quenching and 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid fluorescence methods revealed that Zn(2+) binding resulted in conformational changes characterized by shielding of hydrophobic regions from the solvent. Mutational analyses using the minidomain identified residues Cys(1175), Cys(1178), Cys(1225) and Cys(1227) were required for the binding of Zn(2+). Corresponding mutational analyses using a RUBV replicon confirmed that these residues were necessary for both proteolytic activity of the NS protease and viability. The present study demonstrates that the CXXC(X)(48)CXC Zn(2+)-binding motif in the RUBV NS protease is critical for maintaining the structural integrity of the protease domain and essential for proteolysis and virus replication. FAU - Zhou, Yubin AU - Zhou Y AD - Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, U.S.A. FAU - Tzeng, Wen-Pin AU - Tzeng WP FAU - Ye, Yiming AU - Ye Y FAU - Huang, Yun AU - Huang Y FAU - Li, Shunyi AU - Li S FAU - Chen, Yanyi AU - Chen Y FAU - Frey, Teryl K AU - Frey TK FAU - Yang, Jenny J AU - Yang JJ LA - eng GR - R01 GM081749/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 AI021389/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 GM062999/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States GR - GM 081749/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 AI 21389/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 GM062999-05/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 GM 62999/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural TA - Biochem J JT - The Biochemical journal JID - 2984726R RN - 0 (Viral Nonstructural Proteins) RN - 452VLY9402 (Serine) RN - EC 3.4.- (Endopeptidases) RN - J41CSQ7QDS (Zinc) RN - K848JZ4886 (Cysteine) RN - SY7Q814VUP (Calcium) SB - IM MH - Amino Acid Motifs MH - Binding Sites MH - Calcium/*metabolism MH - Cysteine/genetics/*metabolism MH - Endopeptidases/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism MH - Models, Molecular MH - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed MH - Protein Binding MH - Protein Structure, Tertiary MH - Rubella virus/enzymology/*physiology MH - Serine/genetics/metabolism MH - Viral Nonstructural Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism MH - *Virus Replication MH - Zinc/*metabolism PMC - PMC2908387 MID - NIHMS198907 EDAT- 2008/09/18 09:00 MHDA- 2009/01/16 09:00 CRDT- 2008/09/18 09:00 PHST- 2008/09/18 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2009/01/16 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2008/09/18 09:00 [entrez] AID - BJ20081468 [pii] AID - 10.1042/BJ20081468 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Biochem J. 2009 Jan 15;417(2):477-83. doi: 10.1042/BJ20081468. PMID- 21344752 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20110322 LR - 20191210 IS - 1000-8721 (Print) IS - 1000-8721 (Linking) VI - 26 IP - 6 DP - 2010 Nov TI - [Analysis on molecular epidemiology of rubella virus in Shandong province during 2000-2007]. PG - 471-6 AB - Analyze the genetic characteristics of sixteen strains of wild-type rubella viruses derived from Vero cells, Rk13 cells or Vero/slam cells, and isolated from throat samples in Shandong province during 2000-2007. The 1107 nucleotide sequence of nucleoprotein (E1) gene of these isolates were amplified by RT-PCR, and the PCR products were directly sequenced. Comparing with the gene tree that was constructed based on the 739 gene sequences of the WHO reference strains, twelve isolated strains belonged to 1E genotype, one strain belonged to 1F genotype, three strains belonged to 2A genotype. The first strain belonged to 1E genotype was isolated in Shandong province in 2001, then genotype 1E became dominant genotype of wild rubella viruses circulated. The 1E genotype circulated from 2006-2007 was different compared with that circulated from 2001 to 2002, but no significant deviation in temporal and geographic distribution was found. The strain belonged to Genotype 1F was only isolated during 2000 to 2001. The three strains of 2A genotype of rubella viruses were similar to rubella viruses vaccine strain (BRDII). The most nucleotide mutation of rubella viruses among the sixteen strains were nonsense mutation, and the amino acid sequences were highly conservative with no change in important antigen sites. Alike the previous reports, there was the same amino acid mutation in protein E1 at the site of 338 in all of the 1E genotype rubella viruses isolated during 2001- 2007 in Shandong (Leu338 --> Phe338). FAU - Wang, Chang-Yin AU - Wang CY AD - Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250014, China. FAU - Zhu, Zhen AU - Zhu Z FAU - Xu, Ai-Qiang AU - Xu AQ FAU - Xiong, Ping AU - Xiong P FAU - Song, Li-Zhi AU - Song LZ FAU - Xu, Qing AU - Xu Q FAU - Feng, Lei AU - Feng L FAU - Xu, Wen-Bo AU - Xu WB LA - chi PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - China TA - Bing Du Xue Bao JT - Bing du xue bao = Chinese journal of virology JID - 8803009 RN - 0 (Viral Proteins) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - China/epidemiology MH - Chlorocebus aethiops MH - Humans MH - Molecular Epidemiology MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - Phylogeny MH - Rubella/*epidemiology/*virology MH - Rubella virus/classification/*genetics/*isolation & purification MH - Vero Cells MH - Viral Proteins/genetics EDAT- 2011/02/25 06:00 MHDA- 2011/03/23 06:00 CRDT- 2011/02/25 06:00 PHST- 2011/02/25 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2011/02/25 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2011/03/23 06:00 [medline] PST - ppublish SO - Bing Du Xue Bao. 2010 Nov;26(6):471-6. PMID- 11044128 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20001121 LR - 20191210 IS - 0022-538X (Print) IS - 1098-5514 (Electronic) IS - 0022-538X (Linking) VI - 74 IP - 22 DP - 2000 Nov TI - Development of a rubella virus vaccine expression vector: use of a picornavirus internal ribosome entry site increases stability of expression. PG - 10811-5 AB - Rubella virus (RUB) is a small plus-strand RNA virus classified in the Rubivirus genus of the family Togaviridae. Live, attenuated RUB vaccines have been successfully used in vaccination programs for over 25 years, making RUB an attractive vaccine vector. In this study, such a vector was constructed using a recently developed RUB infectious cDNA clone (Robo). Using a standard strategy employed to produce expression and vaccine vectors with other togaviruses, the subgenomic promoter was duplicated to produce a recombinant construct (termed dsRobo) that expressed reporter genes such as chloramphenicol acetyltransferase and green fluorescent protein (GFP) under control of the second subgenomic promoter. However, expression of the reporter genes, as exemplified by GFP expression by dsRobo/GFP virus, was unstable during passaging, apparently due to homologous recombination between the subgenomic promoters leading to deletion of the GFP gene. To improve the stability of the vector, the internal ribosome entry site (IRES) of a picornavirus, encephalomyocarditis virus, was used instead of the second subgenomic promoter to eliminate homology. Construction was initiated by first replacing the subgenomic promoter in the parent Robo infectious clone with the IRES. Surprisingly, viable virus resulted; this virus did not synthesize a subgenomic RNA. The subgenomic promoter was then reintroduced in an orientation such that a single subgenomic RNA was produced, GFP was the initial gene on this RNA, while the RUB structural protein open reading frame was downstream and under control of the IRES element. GFP expression by this vector was significantly improved in comparison to dsRobo/GFP. This strategy should be applicable to increase the stability of other togavirus vectors. FAU - Pugachev, K V AU - Pugachev KV AD - Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA. FAU - Tzeng, W P AU - Tzeng WP FAU - Frey, T K AU - Frey TK LA - eng GR - R01 AI021389/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States GR - AI-21389/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. TA - J Virol JT - Journal of virology JID - 0113724 RN - 0 (DNA, Complementary) RN - 0 (Luminescent Proteins) RN - 0 (Rubella Vaccine) RN - 147336-22-9 (Green Fluorescent Proteins) RN - EC 2.3.1.28 (Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase/genetics/metabolism MH - Chlorocebus aethiops MH - DNA, Complementary/genetics MH - Encephalomyocarditis virus/genetics/metabolism MH - *Gene Expression MH - Genes, Reporter MH - *Genetic Vectors MH - Green Fluorescent Proteins MH - Humans MH - Luminescent Proteins/genetics/metabolism MH - Promoter Regions, Genetic MH - Ribosomes/metabolism MH - Rubella Vaccine/*genetics MH - Rubella virus/genetics/metabolism MH - Vero Cells PMC - PMC110958 EDAT- 2000/10/24 11:00 MHDA- 2001/02/28 10:01 CRDT- 2000/10/24 11:00 PHST- 2000/10/24 11:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2001/02/28 10:01 [medline] PHST- 2000/10/24 11:00 [entrez] AID - 0894 [pii] AID - 10.1128/jvi.74.22.10811-10815.2000 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Virol. 2000 Nov;74(22):10811-5. doi: 10.1128/jvi.74.22.10811-10815.2000. PMID- 23233792 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20130514 LR - 20211021 IS - 1090-0535 (Electronic) IS - 1090-0535 (Linking) VI - 18 DP - 2012 TI - High concordance of intraocular antibody synthesis against the rubella virus and Fuchs heterochromic uveitis syndrome in Slovenia. PG - 2909-14 AB - PURPOSE: To prospectively study the relationship between Fuchs heterochromic uveitis syndrome (FHUS) and intraocular production of specific antibodies against the rubella virus (RV) in Slovenia. METHODS: Using the Goldmann-Witmer coefficient technique, intraocular synthesis of specific antibodies against RV, herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus, cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Toxoplasma gondii-specific immunoglobulin G antibodies was performed in 12 consecutive patients with clinically diagnosed FHUS and 12 patients with idiopathic recurrent unilateral anterior uveitis (AU) without clinical features of FHUS. RESULTS: Specific intraocular antibody synthesis against RV with a positive Goldmann-Witmer coefficient was proven in 11 of 12 (92%) FHUS patients, and in none of the non-FHUS AU patients (Fisher's exact test <0.0001). In one patient with FHUS, specific antibodies against RV and varicella-zoster virus were concurrently detected. Specific antibodies against cytomegalovirus were detected in one patient with unilateral recurrent AU. CONCLUSIONS: Intraocular production of specific immunoglobulin G against RV was proven in the majority of tested cohort of FHUS patients from Slovenia as compared to the group of patients with idiopathic AU, which suggests that RV is involved in the pathogenesis of FHUS in this geographic area. FAU - Stunf, Spela AU - Stunf S AD - Eye Hospital, University Clinical Center Ljubljana, Slovenia. spela.stunf@siol.net FAU - Petrovec, Miroslav AU - Petrovec M FAU - Žigon, Nina AU - Žigon N FAU - Hawlina, Marko AU - Hawlina M FAU - Kraut, Aleksandra AU - Kraut A FAU - de Groot-Mijnes, Jolanda D F AU - de Groot-Mijnes JD FAU - Valentinčič, Nataša Vidovič AU - Valentinčič NV LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20121201 TA - Mol Vis JT - Molecular vision JID - 9605351 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Protozoan) RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin G) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Antibodies, Protozoan/*biosynthesis/immunology MH - Antibodies, Viral/*biosynthesis/immunology MH - Aqueous Humor/*immunology/parasitology/virology MH - Case-Control Studies MH - Cytomegalovirus/physiology MH - Eye Infections, Viral/*immunology/parasitology/virology MH - Female MH - Herpesvirus 3, Human/physiology MH - Humans MH - Immunoglobulin G/*biosynthesis/immunology MH - Iridocyclitis/*immunology/parasitology/virology MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Prospective Studies MH - Rubella virus/physiology MH - Simplexvirus/physiology MH - Slovenia MH - Syndrome MH - Toxoplasma/physiology MH - Uveitis, Anterior/immunology/parasitology/virology PMC - PMC3519374 EDAT- 2012/12/13 06:00 MHDA- 2013/05/15 06:00 CRDT- 2012/12/13 06:00 PHST- 2012/04/06 00:00 [received] PHST- 2012/11/29 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2012/12/13 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2012/12/13 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2013/05/15 06:00 [medline] AID - 296 [pii] PST - ppublish SO - Mol Vis. 2012;18:2909-14. Epub 2012 Dec 1. PMID- 12915564 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20030924 LR - 20191210 IS - 0022-538X (Print) IS - 1098-5514 (Electronic) IS - 0022-538X (Linking) VI - 77 IP - 17 DP - 2003 Sep TI - Complementation of a deletion in the rubella virus p150 nonstructural protein by the viral capsid protein. PG - 9502-10 AB - Rubella virus (RUB) replicons with an in-frame deletion of 507 nucleotides between two NotI sites in the P150 nonstructural protein (DeltaNotI) do not replicate (as detected by expression of a reporter gene encoded by the replicon) but can be amplified by wild-type helper virus (Tzeng et al., Virology 289:63-73, 2001). Surprisingly, virus with DeltaNotI was viable, and it was hypothesized that this was due to complementation of the NotI deletion by one of the virion structural protein genes. Introduction of the capsid (C) protein gene into DeltaNotI-containing replicons as an in-frame fusion with a reporter gene or cotransfection with both DeltaNotI replicons and RUB replicon or plasmid constructs containing the C gene resulted in replication of the DeltaNotI replicon, confirming the hypothesis that the C gene was the structural protein gene responsible for complementation and demonstrating that complementation could occur either in cis or in trans. Approximately the 5' one-third of the C gene was necessary for complementation. Mutations that prevented translation of the C protein while minimally disturbing the C gene sequence abrogated complementation, while synonymous codon mutations that changed the C gene sequence without affecting the amino acid sequence at the 5' end of the C gene had no effect on complementation, indicating that the C protein, not the C gene RNA, was the moiety responsible for complementation. Complementation occurred at a basic step in the virus replication cycle, because DeltaNotI replicons failed to accumulate detectable virus-specific RNA. FAU - Tzeng, Wen-Pin AU - Tzeng WP AD - Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302-4010, USA. FAU - Frey, Teryl K AU - Frey TK LA - eng GR - R01 AI021389/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States GR - AI21389/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. TA - J Virol JT - Journal of virology JID - 0113724 RN - 0 (Capsid Proteins) RN - 0 (RNA, Viral) RN - 0 (Viral Nonstructural Proteins) SB - IM MH - Amino Acid Sequence MH - Animals MH - Capsid Proteins/*genetics/*physiology MH - Chlorocebus aethiops MH - Genes, Reporter MH - Genes, Viral MH - Genetic Complementation Test MH - In Vitro Techniques MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - Mutation MH - RNA, Viral/genetics MH - Replicon/genetics MH - Rubella virus/*genetics/*physiology MH - Sequence Deletion MH - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid MH - Vero Cells MH - Viral Nonstructural Proteins/*genetics/*physiology PMC - PMC187411 EDAT- 2003/08/14 05:00 MHDA- 2003/09/25 05:00 CRDT- 2003/08/14 05:00 PHST- 2003/08/14 05:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2003/09/25 05:00 [medline] PHST- 2003/08/14 05:00 [entrez] AID - 0497 [pii] AID - 10.1128/jvi.77.17.9502-9510.2003 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Virol. 2003 Sep;77(17):9502-10. doi: 10.1128/jvi.77.17.9502-9510.2003. PMID- 26647548 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20160621 LR - 20181202 IS - 2096-7993 (Print) IS - 2096-7993 (Linking) VI - 29 IP - 17 DP - 2015 Sep TI - [The very severe sensorineural deafness patients caused by rubella virus infection: two cases report]. PG - 1567-8 AB - To explore the audiological features in children who were sever sensorineural hearing loss infected with rubella virus. There were two cases of rubella virus infection in children who were deaf, they conducted the distortion product otoacoustic emission, ABR and auditory steady-state evoked response (ASSR) examination, then analyzed the results comprehensively. Two patients' mothers were prompted to have infected rubella virus during the early three months pregnant period by history and laboratory tests. The two patients were not detected deafness gene mutation. Audiology results implied the two patients were very severe binaural sensorineural deafness, so they were recommended to equipped with hearing aids and cochlear implant surgery. Early pregnancy women infected with rubella virus can cause very severe offspring sensorineural deafness. The crowd whose mother were suspected to infect with rubella virus in early pregnancy, that should be tracked and detected hearing in order to achieve early detection, early intervention and early treatment. FAU - Ma, Jing AU - Ma J FAU - Wan, Lang AU - Wan L FAU - Xu, Fen AU - Xu F LA - chi PT - Case Reports PT - Journal Article PL - China TA - Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi JT - Lin chuang er bi yan hou tou jing wai ke za zhi = Journal of clinical otorhinolaryngology, head, and neck surgery JID - 101303164 SB - IM MH - Child MH - Cochlear Implantation MH - Cochlear Implants MH - Evoked Potentials, Auditory MH - Female MH - Hearing Aids MH - Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/*etiology/virology MH - Humans MH - Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous MH - Pregnancy MH - Rubella/*complications MH - Rubella virus/*pathogenicity EDAT- 2015/12/10 06:00 MHDA- 2016/06/22 06:00 CRDT- 2015/12/10 06:00 PHST- 2015/12/10 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2015/12/10 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2016/06/22 06:00 [medline] PST - ppublish SO - Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2015 Sep;29(17):1567-8. PMID- 20728403 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20110104 LR - 20191210 IS - 1873-5967 (Electronic) IS - 1386-6532 (Linking) VI - 49 IP - 2 DP - 2010 Oct TI - Multicentric evaluation of two chemiluminescent immunoassays for IgG and IgM antibodies towards Rubella virus. PG - 105-10 LID - 10.1016/j.jcv.2010.07.011 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Screening and diagnosis of Rubella virus infection rely on testing for specific IgG and IgM. Immunoassays may yield different IgG results especially at low values, with difficulties in the evaluation of protective immunity. IgM levels decrease until negative a few weeks or months after acute infection, but individual and assay-related variability is common. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the performance characteristics of the automated immunoassay for Rubella IgG and IgM on the Abbott ARCHITECT. STUDY DESIGN: Twelve laboratories from 7 different Italian regions assayed 6268 routine specimens, comparing qualitative results for IgG and IgM and quantitative for IgG with other widespread immunoassays. Prevalence data for IgG were disaggregated by patients' group and by age in order to evaluate vaccination coverage. RESULTS: Qualitative concordance for IgG was 97.3% vs. Abbott AxSYM, 95.0% vs. DiaSorin Liaison and 97.7% vs. Behring Enzygnost; ARCHITECT was more sensitive than Liaison and equivalent to the other assays, with a good correlation of IU/mL values with AxSYM (r = 0.89). IgG prevalence was 87.1% among pregnant women, indicating a sub-optimal vaccine coverage. IgM reactivity was 1%, except in one site due to an outbreak. IgM concordance was 97.5% vs. Abbott AxSYM, 97.9% vs. DiaSorin Liaison and 97.7% vs. Behring Enzygnost; ARCHITECT was more specific than AxSYM. CONCLUSIONS: Our study confirms that in Italy Rubella vaccination coverage among pregnant women is insufficient. The new Rubella IgG and IgM assays on the ARCHITECT analyzer showed a good performance in comparison with other commercial methods. The results obtained and the good precision, indicate their suitability for routine testing. CI - Copyright © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. FAU - Portella, Giuseppe AU - Portella G AD - Virology, II Policlinico, Federico II University Hospital of Naples, Naples, Italy. portella@unina.it FAU - Galli, Claudio AU - Galli C CN - Multicenter Italian Group for Hospital ToRC evaluation LA - eng PT - Evaluation Study PT - Journal Article PT - Multicenter Study DEP - 20100821 PL - Netherlands TA - J Clin Virol JT - Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology JID - 9815671 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin G) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin M) SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - Antibodies, Viral/*blood MH - Automation/methods MH - Child MH - Child, Preschool MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Immunoassay/methods MH - Immunoglobulin G/*blood MH - Immunoglobulin M/*blood MH - Infant MH - Infant, Newborn MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Pregnancy MH - Rubella/*diagnosis MH - Rubella virus/*immunology MH - Virology/*methods MH - Young Adult FIR - Lazzarotto, Tiziana IR - Lazzarotto T FIR - Moroni, Alessandra IR - Moroni A FIR - Furlini, Giuliano IR - Furlini G FIR - Giraldi, Cristina IR - Giraldi C FIR - Greco, Francesca IR - Greco F FIR - Tenuta, Robert IR - Tenuta R FIR - Alecci, Alessandra IR - Alecci A FIR - Malavasi, Ombretta IR - Malavasi O FIR - Lunghi, Giovanna IR - Lunghi G FIR - Melotti, Silvia IR - Melotti S FIR - Torresani, Erminio IR - Torresani E FIR - Gesu, Giovanni Pietro IR - Gesu GP FIR - Grassi, Luisa IR - Grassi L FIR - Viganò, Egidio Francesco IR - Viganò EF FIR - Vezzo, Roberto IR - Vezzo R FIR - Vigorè, Luigi IR - Vigorè L FIR - Urbani, Greta IR - Urbani G FIR - Gandini, Gloria IR - Gandini G FIR - Mariani, Francesca IR - Mariani F FIR - Portella, Giuseppe IR - Portella G FIR - Bonavolta, Raffaele IR - Bonavolta R FIR - Perna, Enzo IR - Perna E FIR - D'Antonio, Annalisa IR - D'Antonio A FIR - Maiorino, Alfonso IR - Maiorino A FIR - Luciani, Mario IR - Luciani M FIR - Collaro, Francesco IR - Collaro F FIR - Di Maio, Giuseppe IR - Di Maio G FIR - Valentini, Melissa IR - Valentini M FIR - Bordoni, Gabriele IR - Bordoni G FIR - Croce, Antonio IR - Croce A FIR - Fruttero, Enza IR - Fruttero E FIR - Fortin, Ivana Angela IR - Fortin IA FIR - Picciolo, Giuseppe IR - Picciolo G FIR - Sardella, Muriel IR - Sardella M FIR - Gonella, Germana IR - Gonella G FIR - Lobreglio, Giambattista IR - Lobreglio G FIR - Pasanisi, Giancarlo IR - Pasanisi G FIR - Maggio, Gabriele IR - Maggio G FIR - Raimondo, Mariangela IR - Raimondo M FIR - Galli, Claudio IR - Galli C FIR - Tronchin, Michele IR - Tronchin M EDAT- 2010/08/24 06:00 MHDA- 2011/01/05 06:00 CRDT- 2010/08/24 06:00 PHST- 2010/05/12 00:00 [received] PHST- 2010/07/12 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2010/07/20 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2010/08/24 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2010/08/24 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2011/01/05 06:00 [medline] AID - S1386-6532(10)00280-5 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.jcv.2010.07.011 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Clin Virol. 2010 Oct;49(2):105-10. doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2010.07.011. Epub 2010 Aug 21. PMID- 11437666 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20010809 LR - 20201208 IS - 0042-6822 (Print) IS - 0042-6822 (Linking) VI - 285 IP - 2 DP - 2001 Jul 5 TI - Mutations in the GDD motif of rubella virus putative RNA-dependent RNA polymerase affect virus replication. PG - 322-31 AB - Rubella virus (RV) nonstructural proteins are translated as a p200 polyprotein that undergoes proteolytic cleavage into p150 and p90. From conserved amino acid sequence motifs in polypeptides, p90 has been proposed to be the RV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). To test whether the conserved GDD motif is involved in RdRp catalytic activity, three different alanine substitutions were introduced into it. Substitution of glycine by alanine (G1966A) resulted in impaired virus infectivity. Alteration of either aspartate residue completely abolished virus replication. A fully infectious variant was isolated from the G1966A mutant. Sequencing analysis showed that the alanine residue substituted in G1966A mutant had reverted to glycine in this variant. Complementation experiments were carried out to rescue the replication-defective RNA carrying G1966A, D1967A, or D1968A mutations. The defective RNA with G1966A mutation in p90 replicated efficiently when the helper genome that supplied a wild-type p90 was provided in trans. However, the replication-defective RNA with D1967A or D1968A was not rescued by supplementation of p90 in trans. Our studies support the idea that the GDD motif is critical for RV replication and p90 function as RV RdRp. CI - Copyright 2001 Academic Press. FAU - Wang, X AU - Wang X AD - Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, 950 W28th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 4H4, Canada. FAU - Gillam, S AU - Gillam S LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - United States TA - Virology JT - Virology JID - 0110674 RN - EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase) SB - IM MH - Amino Acid Substitution MH - Animals MH - Binding Sites MH - Cell Line MH - Chlorocebus aethiops MH - Cricetinae MH - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed MH - RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase/genetics/*metabolism MH - Recombination, Genetic MH - Rubella virus/*enzymology/genetics/growth & development/physiology MH - Vero Cells MH - Virus Replication/*physiology EDAT- 2001/07/05 10:00 MHDA- 2001/08/10 10:01 CRDT- 2001/07/05 10:00 PHST- 2001/07/05 10:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2001/08/10 10:01 [medline] PHST- 2001/07/05 10:00 [entrez] AID - S0042-6822(01)90939-0 [pii] AID - 10.1006/viro.2001.0939 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Virology. 2001 Jul 5;285(2):322-31. doi: 10.1006/viro.2001.0939. PMID- 27807657 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20170214 LR - 20170214 IS - 1432-8798 (Electronic) IS - 0304-8608 (Linking) VI - 162 IP - 2 DP - 2017 Feb TI - A sensitive one-step TaqMan amplification approach for detection of rubella virus clade I and II genotypes in clinical samples. PG - 477-486 LID - 10.1007/s00705-016-3131-1 [doi] AB - Although teratogenic rubella virus (RV) causes a vaccine-preventable disease, it is still endemic in several countries worldwide. Thus, there is a constant risk of RV importation into non-endemic areas. RV monitoring, especially during measles and Zika virus outbreaks, requires reliable diagnostic tools. For this study, a TaqMan-based one-step reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assay, with the p90 gene as a novel and so far unexplored target for detection of clade I and II genotypes, was developed and evaluated. Automated nucleic acid extraction was carried out. Performance characteristics of the TaqMan RT-qPCR assay were determined for a RV plasmid standard and RNA extracted from virus-infected cell culture supernatants representing clade I and II genotypes. Diagnostic specificity and sensitivity were validated against other RNA and DNA viruses, relevant for RV diagnostic approaches and for RV-positive clinical samples, respectively. The assay is specific and highly sensitive with a limit of detection as low as five to one copies per reaction or 200 infectious virus particles per ml. The coefficients of variation (CV) were specified as intra- (within one run) and inter- (between different runs) assay variation, and calculated based on the standard deviations for the obtained Ct values of the respective samples. Intra- and inter-assay CV values were low, with a maximum of 3.4% and 2.4%, respectively. The assay was shown to be suitable and specific for the analysis of clinical samples. With p90 as a novel target, the highly sensitive and specific TaqMan assay outlined in this study is suitable for RV diagnosis worldwide. FAU - Claus, C AU - Claus C AD - Institute of Virology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. claudia.claus@medizin.uni-leipzig.de. FAU - Bergs, S AU - Bergs S AD - Institute of Virology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. FAU - Emmrich, N C AU - Emmrich NC AD - Institute of Virology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. FAU - Hübschen, J M AU - Hübschen JM AD - WHO European Regional Reference Laboratory for Measles and Rubella, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg. FAU - Mankertz, A AU - Mankertz A AD - WHO European Regional Reference Laboratory for Measles and Rubella, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany. FAU - Liebert, U G AU - Liebert UG AD - Institute of Virology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20161103 PL - Austria TA - Arch Virol JT - Archives of virology JID - 7506870 RN - 0 (RNA, Viral) RN - 0 (Viral Proteins) SB - IM MH - Base Sequence MH - Gene Expression MH - Genotype MH - Humans MH - Observer Variation MH - Phylogeny MH - RNA, Viral/*genetics MH - Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/*methods/standards MH - Reproducibility of Results MH - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/*methods/standards MH - Rubella/*diagnosis/virology MH - Rubella virus/classification/*genetics/isolation & purification MH - Sensitivity and Specificity MH - Sequence Alignment MH - Viral Proteins/*genetics EDAT- 2016/11/04 06:00 MHDA- 2017/02/15 06:00 CRDT- 2016/11/04 06:00 PHST- 2016/07/11 00:00 [received] PHST- 2016/10/24 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2016/11/04 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2017/02/15 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2016/11/04 06:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1007/s00705-016-3131-1 [pii] AID - 10.1007/s00705-016-3131-1 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Arch Virol. 2017 Feb;162(2):477-486. doi: 10.1007/s00705-016-3131-1. Epub 2016 Nov 3. PMID- 18434559 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20080723 LR - 20211020 IS - 1098-660X (Electronic) IS - 0095-1137 (Print) IS - 0095-1137 (Linking) VI - 46 IP - 6 DP - 2008 Jun TI - Evaluation of eight anti-rubella virus immunoglobulin g immunoassays that report results in international units per milliliter. PG - 1955-60 LID - 10.1128/JCM.00231-08 [doi] AB - An evaluation of anti-rubella virus immunoglobulin G (IgG) immunoassays that report in international units per milliliter (IU/ml) was performed to determine their analytical performance and the degree of correlation of the test results. A total of 321 samples were characterized based on results from a hemagglutination inhibition assay. The 48 negative and 273 positive samples were used to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the assays. When equivocal results were interpreted as reactive, the sensitivity of the immunoassays ranged from 98.9 to 99.9% and the specificity ranged from 77.1 to 95.8%. All assays had positive and negative delta values of less than 2. A significant difference between the mean results of all assays was demonstrated by analysis of variance. However, post hoc analysis showed there was good correlation in the mean results expressed in IU/ml between some of the assays. Our results show the level of standardization between anti-rubella virus IgG immunoassays reporting results expressed as IU/ml has improved since a previous study in 1992, but further improvement is required. FAU - Dimech, Wayne AU - Dimech W AD - National Serology Reference Laboratory, Australia, 4th Floor Healy Building, 41 Victoria Parade, Fitzroy 3065, Victoria, Australia. wayne@nrl.gov.au FAU - Panagiotopoulos, Lena AU - Panagiotopoulos L FAU - Francis, Barbara AU - Francis B FAU - Laven, Nicholas AU - Laven N FAU - Marler, Joan AU - Marler J FAU - Dickeson, David AU - Dickeson D FAU - Panayotou, Tony AU - Panayotou T FAU - Wilson, Kim AU - Wilson K FAU - Wootten, Robyn AU - Wootten R FAU - Dax, Elizabeth M AU - Dax EM LA - eng PT - Evaluation Study PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20080423 TA - J Clin Microbiol JT - Journal of clinical microbiology JID - 7505564 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin G) SB - IM MH - Antibodies, Viral/blood MH - Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests/standards MH - Humans MH - Immunoassay/*methods/*standards MH - Immunoglobulin G/*blood MH - Reference Standards MH - Rubella/*diagnosis/immunology/virology MH - Rubella virus/*immunology MH - Sensitivity and Specificity MH - World Health Organization PMC - PMC2446858 EDAT- 2008/04/25 09:00 MHDA- 2008/07/24 09:00 CRDT- 2008/04/25 09:00 PHST- 2008/04/25 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2008/07/24 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2008/04/25 09:00 [entrez] AID - JCM.00231-08 [pii] AID - 0231-08 [pii] AID - 10.1128/JCM.00231-08 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Clin Microbiol. 2008 Jun;46(6):1955-60. doi: 10.1128/JCM.00231-08. Epub 2008 Apr 23. PMID- 29962194 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20180731 LR - 20191210 IS - 1000-8721 (Print) IS - 1000-8721 (Linking) VI - 32 IP - 3 DP - 2016 May TI - [The Preparation of Epitope-based Recombinant Rubella Virus Diagnostic Antigen]. PG - 249-55 AB - To prepare an epitope-based recombinant Rubella virus (RV) recombinant diagnostic antigen(designated ‘H29’) and preliminarily evaluate its antigenicity. With Glutathione S-Transferase (GST) located at the N-terminal, and the His tag at the C-terminal, the epitope-based RV recombinant diagnostic antigen (designated‘H29’) was expressed in Escherichia coli (E.coli) and purified by affinity and anion exchange chromatography. Based on the antigenicity of H29 identified by Western blot (WB), we constructed and evaluated a novel early diagnostic ELISA for RV infection. The soluble H29 protein with a high homogeneity was obtained; the WB analysis demonstrated that the H29 protein could bind to a monoclonal antibody for RV-E1 and GST antigens, as well as detect RV acute-phase serum. Using the novel ELISA, the serum from 48 cases with positive RV infection,48 cases with negative RV infection, and 48 healthy people was detected, displaying the excellent consistency. Using prokaryotic expression and chromatography purification, the epitope-based recombinant RV-IgM diagnostic antigen was obtained with excellent antigenicity, which could be applied for the serological detection of the early infection with RV. FAU - Su, Qiudong AU - Su Q FAU - Guo, Minzhuo AU - Guo M FAU - Qiu, Feng AU - Qiu F FAU - Jia, Zhiyuan AU - Jia Z FAU - Lu, Xuexin AU - Lu X FAU - Meng, Qingling AU - Meng Q FAU - Tian, Ruiguang AU - Tian R FAU - Bi, Shengli AU - Bi S FAU - Yi, Yao AU - Yi Y LA - chi PT - Evaluation Study PT - Journal Article PL - China TA - Bing Du Xue Bao JT - Bing du xue bao = Chinese journal of virology JID - 8803009 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Antigens, Viral) RN - 0 (Epitopes) RN - 0 (rubella antibodies) SB - IM MH - Antibodies, Viral/immunology MH - Antigens, Viral/*analysis/genetics/immunology MH - Blotting, Western MH - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/*methods MH - Epitopes/*analysis/genetics/immunology MH - Humans MH - Rubella/*diagnosis/virology MH - Rubella virus/genetics/immunology/*isolation & purification EDAT- 2016/05/01 00:00 MHDA- 2018/08/01 06:00 CRDT- 2018/07/03 06:00 PHST- 2018/07/03 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2016/05/01 00:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2018/08/01 06:00 [medline] PST - ppublish SO - Bing Du Xue Bao. 2016 May;32(3):249-55. PMID- 12721939 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20030627 LR - 20071114 IS - 0022-1899 (Print) IS - 0022-1899 (Linking) VI - 187 IP - 10 DP - 2003 May 15 TI - Phylogenetic analysis of rubella virus isolated during a period of epidemic transmission in Italy, 1991-1997. PG - 1587-97 AB - To study the molecular epidemiology of rubella virus during endemic transmission, phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the E1 gene was done with 31 isolates collected in northern Italy during 1991-1997, a period spanning 3 epidemics. The viruses segregated into distinct genotypic strains. Cocirculation of genotypic strains was detected; however, each epidemic was associated with specific strains, and strain displacement occurred concomitantly with each epidemic. Although most of the viruses from Italy belonged to rubella genotype I and many were related to viruses isolated concurrently in other European countries, 3 viruses belonged to rubella genotype II, which previously had been isolated only in Asia. Thus, intercontinental importation of viruses also occurred. FAU - Zheng, Du-Ping AU - Zheng DP AD - Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA. FAU - Zhu, Hong AU - Zhu H FAU - Revello, Maria G AU - Revello MG FAU - Gerna, Giuseppe AU - Gerna G FAU - Frey, Teryl K AU - Frey TK LA - eng GR - AI21389/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. DEP - 20030430 PL - United States TA - J Infect Dis JT - The Journal of infectious diseases JID - 0413675 SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Base Sequence MH - Child MH - Disease Outbreaks MH - Female MH - Genotype MH - Humans MH - Immunization Programs MH - Italy/epidemiology MH - Male MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - *Phylogeny MH - Rubella/*epidemiology/prevention & control/*virology MH - Rubella virus/*genetics/isolation & purification MH - Sequence Alignment MH - Time Factors EDAT- 2003/05/02 05:00 MHDA- 2003/06/28 05:00 CRDT- 2003/05/02 05:00 PHST- 2002/06/13 00:00 [received] PHST- 2002/12/02 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2003/05/02 05:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2003/06/28 05:00 [medline] PHST- 2003/05/02 05:00 [entrez] AID - JID20702 [pii] AID - 10.1086/374972 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Infect Dis. 2003 May 15;187(10):1587-97. doi: 10.1086/374972. Epub 2003 Apr 30. PMID- 17881506 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20080114 LR - 20181113 IS - 1556-6811 (Print) IS - 1556-679X (Electronic) IS - 1556-679X (Linking) VI - 14 IP - 11 DP - 2007 Nov TI - Dried blood spots versus sera for detection of rubella virus-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG in samples collected during a rubella outbreak in Peru. PG - 1522-5 AB - Most persons with rubella virus-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM)- or IgG-positive sera tested positive (98% [n = 178] and 99% [n = 221], respectively) using paired filter paper dried blood spot (DBS) samples, provided that DBS indeterminate results were called positive. For persons with IgM- or IgG-negative sera, 97% and 98%, respectively, were negative using DBS. FAU - Helfand, Rita F AU - Helfand RF AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., NE, Mailstop C-12, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. rzh7@cdc.gov FAU - Cabezas, Cesar AU - Cabezas C FAU - Abernathy, Emily AU - Abernathy E FAU - Castillo-Solorzano, Carlos AU - Castillo-Solorzano C FAU - Ortiz, Ana Cecilia AU - Ortiz AC FAU - Sun, Hong AU - Sun H FAU - Osores, Fernando AU - Osores F FAU - Oliveira, Lucia AU - Oliveira L FAU - Whittembury, Alvaro AU - Whittembury A FAU - Charles, Myrna AU - Charles M FAU - Andrus, Jon AU - Andrus J FAU - Icenogle, Joe AU - Icenogle J LA - eng PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article DEP - 20070919 TA - Clin Vaccine Immunol JT - Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI JID - 101252125 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin G) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin M) RN - 0 (rubella antibodies) SB - IM MH - Antibodies, Viral/*blood/immunology MH - Blood Specimen Collection MH - Disease Outbreaks MH - Humans MH - Immunoglobulin G/*blood/immunology MH - Immunoglobulin M/*blood/immunology MH - Peru/epidemiology MH - Rubella/*diagnosis/epidemiology/immunology/virology MH - Rubella virus/*immunology MH - Sensitivity and Specificity MH - Serologic Tests PMC - PMC2168171 EDAT- 2007/09/21 09:00 MHDA- 2008/01/15 09:00 CRDT- 2007/09/21 09:00 PHST- 2007/09/21 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2008/01/15 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2007/09/21 09:00 [entrez] AID - CVI.00144-07 [pii] AID - 0144-07 [pii] AID - 10.1128/CVI.00144-07 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2007 Nov;14(11):1522-5. doi: 10.1128/CVI.00144-07. Epub 2007 Sep 19. PMID- 30284774 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20201001 IS - 1738-6586 (Print) IS - 2005-5013 (Electronic) IS - 1738-6586 (Linking) VI - 14 IP - 4 DP - 2018 Oct TI - The Relationship between Anti-Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Disease and the Rubella Virus. PG - 598-600 LID - 10.3988/jcn.2018.14.4.598 [doi] FAU - Choi, Seok Jin AU - Choi SJ AD - Department of Neurology, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Korea. seokjin83@gmail.com. FAU - Oh, Dan A AU - Oh DA AD - Department of Neurology, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Korea. FAU - Chun, Woochang AU - Chun W AD - Department of Neurology, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Korea. FAU - Kim, Sung Min AU - Kim SM AD - Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea. LA - eng GR - Inha University Hospital/ PT - Case Reports PT - Letter TA - J Clin Neurol JT - Journal of clinical neurology (Seoul, Korea) JID - 101252374 PMC - PMC6172503 COIS- The authors have no financial conflicts of interest. EDAT- 2018/10/05 06:00 MHDA- 2018/10/05 06:01 CRDT- 2018/10/05 06:00 PHST- 2018/05/17 00:00 [received] PHST- 2018/08/06 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2018/08/06 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2018/10/05 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2018/10/05 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2018/10/05 06:01 [medline] AID - 14.598 [pii] AID - 10.3988/jcn.2018.14.4.598 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Clin Neurol. 2018 Oct;14(4):598-600. doi: 10.3988/jcn.2018.14.4.598. PMID- 30217036 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20191120 IS - 2073-4409 (Print) IS - 2073-4409 (Electronic) IS - 2073-4409 (Linking) VI - 7 IP - 9 DP - 2018 Sep 13 TI - Alterations in Cell Mechanics by Actin Cytoskeletal Changes Correlate with Strain-Specific Rubella Virus Phenotypes for Cell Migration and Induction of Apoptosis. LID - 10.3390/cells7090136 [doi] LID - 136 AB - The cellular cytoskeleton is central for key cellular functions, and as such is a marker for diseased and infected cell states. Here we analyzed infection with rubella virus (RV) strains with respect to phenotypes in cellular mechanical properties, cell movement, and viral cytopathogenicity. Real-time deformability cytometry (RT-DC), as a high-throughput platform for the assessment of cell mechanics, revealed a correlation of an increase in cortical filamentous-actin (F-actin) with a higher cellular stiffness. The additional reduction of stress fibers noted for only some RV strains as the most severe actin rearrangement lowered cell stiffness. Furthermore, a reduced collective and single cell migration speed in a wound healing assay was detected in addition to severe changes in cell morphology. The latter was followed by activation of caspase 3/7 as a sign for induction of apoptosis. Our study emphasizes RT-DC technology as a sensitive means to characterize viral cell populations and to implicate alterations of cell mechanical properties with cell functions. These interdependent events are not only promising options to elucidate viral spread and to understand viral pathologies within the infected host. They also contribute to any diseased cell state, as exemplified by RV as a representative agent for cytoskeletal alterations involved in a cytopathological outcome. FAU - Kräter, Martin AU - Kräter M AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7122-7331 AD - Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany. martin.kraeter1@tu-dresden.de. FAU - Sapudom, Jiranuwat AU - Sapudom J AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6627-7713 AD - Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. jiranuwat.sapudom@uni-leipzig.de. AD - Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, University Clinic of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. jiranuwat.sapudom@uni-leipzig.de. FAU - Bilz, Nicole Christin AU - Bilz NC AD - Institute of Virology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. Christin.Emmrich@medizin.uni-leipzig.de. FAU - Pompe, Tilo AU - Pompe T AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1508-4959 AD - Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. tilo.pompe@uni-leipzig.de. FAU - Guck, Jochen AU - Guck J AD - Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany. jochen.guck@tu-dresden.de. FAU - Claus, Claudia AU - Claus C AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4962-6568 AD - Institute of Virology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. claudia.claus@medizin.uni-leipzig.de. LA - eng GR - to J.G./Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung/ GR - CL 459/3-1/Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ PT - Journal Article DEP - 20180913 TA - Cells JT - Cells JID - 101600052 PMC - PMC6162683 OTO - NOTNLM OT - actin stress fibers OT - cell stiffness OT - cytochalasin D OT - gap closure assay OT - real-time deformability cytometry OT - single cell tracking OT - wound healing COIS- The authors declare no competing interests. EDAT- 2018/09/16 06:00 MHDA- 2018/09/16 06:01 CRDT- 2018/09/16 06:00 PHST- 2018/09/04 00:00 [received] PHST- 2018/09/07 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2018/09/10 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2018/09/16 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2018/09/16 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2018/09/16 06:01 [medline] AID - cells7090136 [pii] AID - cells-07-00136 [pii] AID - 10.3390/cells7090136 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Cells. 2018 Sep 13;7(9):136. doi: 10.3390/cells7090136. PMID- 25224517 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20150519 LR - 20211021 IS - 1743-422X (Electronic) IS - 1743-422X (Linking) VI - 11 DP - 2014 Sep 16 TI - The influence of secondary structure, selection and recombination on rubella virus nucleotide substitution rate estimates. PG - 166 LID - 10.1186/1743-422X-11-166 [doi] LID - 166 AB - BACKGROUND: Annually, rubella virus (RV) still causes severe congenital defects in around 100 000 children globally. An attempt to eradicate RV is currently underway and analytical tools to monitor the global decline of the last remaining RV lineages will be useful for assessing the effectiveness of this endeavour. RV evolves rapidly enough that much of this information might be inferable from RV genomic sequence data. METHODS: Using BEASTv1.8.0, we analysed publically available RV sequence data to estimate genome-wide and gene-specific nucleotide substitution rates to test whether current estimates of RV substitution rates are representative of the entire RV genome. We specifically accounted for possible confounders of nucleotide substitution rate estimates, such as temporally biased sampling, sporadic recombination, and natural selection favouring either increased or decreased genetic diversity (estimated by the PARRIS and FUBAR methods), at nucleotide sites within the genomic secondary structures (predicted by the NASP method). RESULTS: We determine that RV nucleotide substitution rates range from 1.19 × 10(-3) substitutions/site/year in the E1 region to 7.52 × 10(-4) substitutions/site/year in the P150 region. We find that differences between substitution rate estimates in different RV genome regions are largely attributable to temporal sampling biases such that datasets containing higher proportions of recently sampled sequences, will tend to have inflated estimates of mean substitution rates. Although there exists little evidence of positive selection or natural genetic recombination in RV, we show that RV genomes possess pervasive biologically functional nucleic acid secondary structure and that purifying selection acting to maintain this structure contributes substantially to variations in estimated nucleotide substitution rates across RV genomes. CONCLUSION: Both temporal sampling biases and purifying selection favouring the conservation of RV nucleic acid secondary structures have an appreciable impact on substitution rate estimates but do not preclude the use of RV sequence data to date ancestral sequences. The combination of uniformly high substitution rates across the RV genome and strong temporal structure within the available sequence data, suggests that such data should be suitable for tracking the demographic, epidemiological and movement dynamics of this virus during eradication attempts. FAU - Cloete, Leendert J AU - Cloete LJ FAU - Tanov, Emil P AU - Tanov EP FAU - Muhire, Brejnev M AU - Muhire BM FAU - Martin, Darren P AU - Martin DP FAU - Harkins, Gordon W AU - Harkins GW AD - South African National Bioinformatics Institute, SA Medical Research Council Unit for Bioinformatics Capacity Development, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa. gordon@sanbi.ac.za. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20140916 TA - Virol J JT - Virology journal JID - 101231645 RN - 0 (RNA, Viral) SB - IM MH - Base Sequence MH - Genome, Viral MH - Genotype MH - Mutation MH - *Nucleic Acid Conformation MH - Phylogeny MH - RNA, Viral/*genetics MH - Reassortant Viruses MH - Rubella virus/*genetics PMC - PMC4175276 EDAT- 2014/09/17 06:00 MHDA- 2015/05/20 06:00 CRDT- 2014/09/17 06:00 PHST- 2014/02/28 00:00 [received] PHST- 2014/09/11 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2014/09/17 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2014/09/17 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2015/05/20 06:00 [medline] AID - 1743-422X-11-166 [pii] AID - 2492 [pii] AID - 10.1186/1743-422X-11-166 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Virol J. 2014 Sep 16;11:166. doi: 10.1186/1743-422X-11-166. PMID- 21663589 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20120125 LR - 20190923 IS - 1875-5666 (Electronic) IS - 1566-5240 (Linking) VI - 11 IP - 6 DP - 2011 Aug TI - Microarray profiling analysis uncovers common molecular mechanisms of rubella virus, human cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex virus type 2 infections in ECV304 cells. PG - 481-8 AB - To study the common molecular mechanisms of various viruses infections that might result in congential cardiovascular diseases in perinatal period, changes in mRNA expression levels of ECV304 cells infected by rubella virus (RUBV), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) were analyzed using a microarray system representing 18,716 human genes. 99 genes were found to exhibit differential expression (80 up-regulated and 19 down-regulated). Biological process analysis showed that 33 signaling pathways including 22 genes were relevant significantly to RV, HCMV and HSV-II infections. Of these 33 biological processes, 28 belong to one-gene biological processes and 5 belong to multiple-gene biological processes. Gene annotation indicated that the 5 multiple-gene biological processes including regulation of cell growth, collagen fibril organization, mRNA transport, cell adhesion and regulation of cell shape, and seven down- or up-regulated genes [CRIM1 (cysteine rich transmembrane BMP regulator 1), WISP2 (WNT1 inducible signaling pathway protein 2), COL12A1 (collagen, type XII, alpha 1), COL11A2 (collagen, type XI, alpha 2), CNTN5 (contactin 5), DDR1 (discoidin domain receptor tyrosine kinase 1), VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor precursor)], are significantly correlated to RUBV, HCMV and HSV-2 infections in ECV304 cells. The results obtained in this study suggested the common molecular mechanisms of viruses infections that might result in congential cardiovascular diseases. FAU - Mo, X AU - Mo X AD - The Center for Heart Development, Key Lab of National Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan China. moxiaoyang@yahoo.com.cn FAU - Xu, L AU - Xu L FAU - Yang, Q AU - Yang Q FAU - Feng, H AU - Feng H FAU - Peng, J AU - Peng J FAU - Zhang, Y AU - Zhang Y FAU - Yuan, W AU - Yuan W FAU - Wang, Y AU - Wang Y FAU - Li, Y AU - Li Y FAU - Deng, Y AU - Deng Y FAU - Wan, Y AU - Wan Y FAU - Chen, Z AU - Chen Z FAU - Li, F AU - Li F FAU - Wu, X AU - Wu X LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - Netherlands TA - Curr Mol Med JT - Current molecular medicine JID - 101093076 RN - 0 (RNA, Messenger) RN - 9007-34-5 (Collagen) SB - IM MH - Cell Adhesion/genetics MH - Cell Line MH - Cell Movement/genetics MH - Cell Proliferation MH - Cell Shape/genetics MH - Collagen/metabolism MH - Cytomegalovirus/genetics/metabolism MH - Cytomegalovirus Infections/*genetics/virology MH - Down-Regulation MH - Gene Expression Profiling MH - *Gene Expression Regulation, Viral MH - Herpes Simplex/*genetics/virology MH - Herpesvirus 2, Human/genetics/metabolism MH - Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/virology MH - Humans MH - Microarray Analysis MH - RNA, Messenger/metabolism MH - Rubella/*genetics/virology MH - Rubella virus/genetics/metabolism MH - Signal Transduction MH - Up-Regulation EDAT- 2011/06/15 06:00 MHDA- 2012/01/26 06:00 CRDT- 2011/06/14 06:00 PHST- 2011/01/18 00:00 [received] PHST- 2011/04/01 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2011/06/14 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2011/06/15 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2012/01/26 06:00 [medline] AID - CMM # 118 [pii] AID - 10.2174/156652411796268696 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Curr Mol Med. 2011 Aug;11(6):481-8. doi: 10.2174/156652411796268696. PMID- 25633154 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20160224 LR - 20150601 IS - 1873-2933 (Electronic) IS - 0009-9120 (Linking) VI - 48 IP - 9 DP - 2015 Jun TI - Dual-labeled time-resolved immunofluorometric assay for the determination of IgM antibodies to rubella virus and cytomegalovirus in human serum. PG - 603-8 LID - S0009-9120(15)00030-2 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2015.01.009 [doi] AB - OBJECTIVES: This study established a novel time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay (TRFIA) that allows the simultaneous determination of rubella virus (RV) IgM and cytomegalovirus (CMV) IgM in human serum. DESIGN AND METHODS: Lanthanum elements labeled antibody and streptavidin-biotin system were used in the "capture sandwich" format simultaneously. RESULTS: The working range of TRFIA for RV IgM was 2-80 AU/mL and for CMV IgM was 5-400 AU/mL. Intra- and inter-assay coefficient of variation (CV) for RV IgM and CMV IgM were both less than 10% and recoveries were from 90% to 110%. No significant statistical difference in sensitivity or specificity was observed between dual-TRFIA and commercial chemiluminescent immunoassays (CLIA) in serum samples. CONCLUSION: The novel dual-TRFIA for RV IgM and CMV IgM detection might have valuable clinical application, with satisfactory sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. CI - Copyright © 2015 The Canadian Society of Clinical Chemists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. FAU - Zhou, Jian-Wei AU - Zhou JW AD - Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, PR China. FAU - Lei, La-Mei AU - Lei LM AD - Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, PR China. FAU - Liang, Qian-Ni AU - Liang QN AD - Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, PR China. FAU - Liu, Tian-Cai AU - Liu TC AD - Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, PR China. FAU - Lin, Guan-Feng AU - Lin GF AD - Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, PR China. FAU - Dong, Zhi-Ning AU - Dong ZN AD - Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, PR China. FAU - Liang, Rong-Liang AU - Liang RL AD - Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, PR China. FAU - Chen, Zhen-Hua AU - Chen ZH AD - Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, PR China. FAU - Wu, Ying-Song AU - Wu YS AD - Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, PR China. Electronic address: wg@smu.edu.cn. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20150126 PL - United States TA - Clin Biochem JT - Clinical biochemistry JID - 0133660 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin M) SB - IM MH - Antibodies, Viral/*blood MH - Cytomegalovirus/*immunology MH - Fluoroimmunoassay/*methods MH - Humans MH - Immunoglobulin M/*blood MH - Rubella virus/*immunology MH - Sensitivity and Specificity OTO - NOTNLM OT - Cytomegalovirus OT - Dual-TRFIA OT - IgM OT - Rubella virus EDAT- 2015/01/31 06:00 MHDA- 2016/02/26 06:00 CRDT- 2015/01/31 06:00 PHST- 2014/09/23 00:00 [received] PHST- 2015/01/13 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2015/01/18 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2015/01/31 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2015/01/31 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2016/02/26 06:00 [medline] AID - S0009-9120(15)00030-2 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2015.01.009 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Clin Biochem. 2015 Jun;48(9):603-8. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2015.01.009. Epub 2015 Jan 26. PMID- 25662341 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20160405 LR - 20181202 IS - 1477-0970 (Electronic) IS - 1352-4585 (Linking) VI - 21 IP - 8 DP - 2015 Jul TI - Multiphasic acute disseminated encephalomyelitis associated with atypical rubella virus infection - response to the letter from Wu et al. PG - 1089 LID - 10.1177/1352458514567730 [doi] FAU - Shinoda, Koji AU - Shinoda K AD - Departments of Neurology and Neuropathology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan. FAU - Uehara, Taira AU - Uehara T AD - Departments of Neurology and Neuropathology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan. FAU - Suzuki, Satoshi O AU - Suzuki SO AD - Departments of Neurology and Neuropathology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan. FAU - Iwaki, Toru AU - Iwaki T AD - Departments of Neurology and Neuropathology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan. FAU - Kira, Jun-ichi AU - Kira J AD - Departments of Neurology and Neuropathology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan kira@neuro.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp. LA - eng PT - Comment PT - Letter DEP - 20150206 PL - England TA - Mult Scler JT - Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) JID - 9509185 SB - IM CON - Mult Scler. 2015 Feb;21(2):252-4. PMID: 24852921 CON - Mult Scler. 2015 Jul;21(8):1088-9. PMID: 25662343 MH - Encephalomyelitis, Acute Disseminated/*etiology MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Rubella/*complications MH - Rubella virus/*pathogenicity EDAT- 2015/02/11 06:00 MHDA- 2016/04/06 06:00 CRDT- 2015/02/10 06:00 PHST- 2015/02/10 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2015/02/11 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2016/04/06 06:00 [medline] AID - 1352458514567730 [pii] AID - 10.1177/1352458514567730 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Mult Scler. 2015 Jul;21(8):1089. doi: 10.1177/1352458514567730. Epub 2015 Feb 6. PMID- 15868096 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20051129 LR - 20050921 IS - 0304-8608 (Print) IS - 0304-8608 (Linking) VI - 150 IP - 10 DP - 2005 Oct TI - Preparation of immunoblot test stripes from a Rubella virus-like particles dye crystal complex as antigen. PG - 2077-90 AB - Stably transfected Chinese hamster ovary (CHO24S) cells were the source for Rubella virus-like particles (RVLP) containing all structural proteins (E1, E2, C and their dimers). RVLP are secreted from the CHO24S cells into the medium and the time-point for collecting the medium with the highest yield of >100 kDa proteins (with 17 mg protein from 10 ml cell culture supernatant) was after 2 days of incubation. Different methods for RVLP isolation from the cell culture supernatants were assessed by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting (using sera positive or negative for Rubella virus (RV)-specific antibodies or an anti-E1 monoclonal antibody). A combination of membrane filtration with a rapid, novel gradient ultracentrifugation step (using Coomassie brilliant blue G crystals as adsorbens for RVLP that facilitated virus isolation) was the most suitable technique. 132 RV-positive human sera (RV IgG > 20 IU/ml by commercial ELISA) were tested by our "self made" immunoblot test stripes (using RVLP adsorbed to dye crystals as antigen) for the presence or absence of antibodies specific for RV structural proteins. 57.6% of these sera had antibodies against E1, E2 and C, 31% against E1 and C, and 1.5% against E1 only, whereas 3.8% had no RV specific antibodies and only 6.0% were equivocal which demonstrated that these "self made" test stripes can reliably differentiate RV antibody specificities. FAU - Giessauf, A AU - Giessauf A AD - Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Social Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria. adreas.giessauf@uni-graz.at FAU - Flaim, M AU - Flaim M FAU - Walder, G AU - Walder G FAU - Dierich, M P AU - Dierich MP FAU - Würzner, R AU - Würzner R LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20050502 PL - Austria TA - Arch Virol JT - Archives of virology JID - 7506870 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Antigens, Viral) RN - 0 (Coloring Agents) RN - 0 (Macromolecular Substances) RN - 0 (rubella antibodies) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Antibodies, Viral/analysis MH - Antibody Specificity MH - *Antigens, Viral/genetics MH - CHO Cells MH - Coloring Agents MH - Cricetinae MH - Crystallization MH - Humans MH - Immunoblotting/*methods MH - Macromolecular Substances MH - Rubella/diagnosis/immunology MH - Rubella virus/genetics/*immunology/isolation & purification MH - Transfection MH - Virion/immunology/isolation & purification EDAT- 2005/05/04 09:00 MHDA- 2005/12/13 09:00 CRDT- 2005/05/04 09:00 PHST- 2005/02/04 00:00 [received] PHST- 2005/02/24 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2005/05/04 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2005/12/13 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2005/05/04 09:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1007/s00705-005-0538-5 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Arch Virol. 2005 Oct;150(10):2077-90. doi: 10.1007/s00705-005-0538-5. Epub 2005 May 2. PMID- 15631631 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20060918 LR - 20211203 IS - 1743-422X (Electronic) IS - 1743-422X (Linking) VI - 2 DP - 2005 Jan 4 TI - The involvement of survival signaling pathways in rubella-virus induced apoptosis. PG - 1 AB - Rubella virus (RV) causes severe congenital defects when acquired during the first trimester of pregnancy. RV cytopathic effect has been shown to be due to caspase-dependent apoptosis in a number of susceptible cell lines, and it has been suggested that this apoptotic induction could be a causal factor in the development of such defects. Often the outcome of apoptotic stimuli is dependent on apoptotic, proliferative and survival signaling mechanisms in the cell. Therefore we investigated the role of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt survival signaling and Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK proliferative signaling during RV-induced apoptosis in RK13 cells. Increasing levels of phosphorylated ERK, Akt and GSK3beta were detected from 24-96 hours post-infection, concomitant with RV-induced apoptotic signals. Inhibition of PI3K-Akt signaling reduced cell viability, and increased the speed and magnitude of RV-induced apoptosis, suggesting that this pathway contributes to cell survival during RV infection. In contrast, inhibition of the Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK pathway impaired RV replication and growth and reduced RV-induced apoptosis, suggesting that the normal cellular growth is required for efficient virus production. FAU - Cooray, Samantha AU - Cooray S AD - Enteric, Neurological, and Respiratory Virus Laboratory, Health Protection Agency, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5HT, UK. s.cooray@imperial.ac.uk FAU - Jin, Li AU - Jin L FAU - Best, Jennifer M AU - Best JM LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20050104 TA - Virol J JT - Virology journal JID - 101231645 RN - 0 (Butadienes) RN - 0 (Chromones) RN - 0 (Enzyme Inhibitors) RN - 0 (Morpholines) RN - 0 (Nitriles) RN - 0 (U 0126) RN - 31M2U1DVID (2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one) RN - EC 2.7.11.1 (Oncogene Protein v-akt) RN - EC 2.7.11.1 (Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Apoptosis/drug effects/*physiology MH - Butadienes/pharmacology MH - Cell Line MH - Chromones/pharmacology MH - Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral MH - Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology MH - Morpholines/pharmacology MH - Nitriles/pharmacology MH - Oncogene Protein v-akt/metabolism MH - Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism MH - Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism MH - Rabbits MH - Rubella virus/*metabolism MH - Signal Transduction MH - Virus Replication PMC - PMC544859 EDAT- 2005/01/06 09:00 MHDA- 2006/09/19 09:00 CRDT- 2005/01/06 09:00 PHST- 2004/11/22 00:00 [received] PHST- 2005/01/04 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2005/01/06 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2006/09/19 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2005/01/06 09:00 [entrez] AID - 1743-422X-2-1 [pii] AID - 10.1186/1743-422X-2-1 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Virol J. 2005 Jan 4;2:1. doi: 10.1186/1743-422X-2-1. PMID- 17554029 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20070725 LR - 20201026 IS - 0022-1317 (Print) IS - 0022-1317 (Linking) VI - 88 IP - Pt 7 DP - 2007 Jul TI - Co-circulation of multiple rubella virus strains in Belarus forming novel genetic groups within clade 1. PG - 1960-1966 LID - 10.1099/vir.0.82580-0 [doi] AB - Although the WHO recommends a comprehensive genetic characterization, little is known about circulating strains and genotypes of rubella virus (RUBV) for many European countries. Studies investigating the genetic diversity of a sizeable number of strains from a certain location are rare. This study presents the first molecular characterization of isolates from Belarus. Throat swab and urine samples were collected between 2004 and 2005 from patients presenting in two infectious disease hospitals and three outpatient clinics in and around Minsk. In total, 14 isolates were obtained from this clinical material. Phylogenetic analysis of the E1 gene sequence of these isolates showed that three distinct groups of RUBV strains co-circulated. One group of isolates was assigned to genotype 1E, whereas the other two did not group with any of the recognized genotypes but grouped with a strain belonging to the provisional genotype 1g. Detailed analysis showed that the group comprising 1g strains also contained sequences formerly attributed to genotype 1B and could be divided into four subgroups, one of which might represent a putative novel provisional genotype of clade 1. These findings show that three distinct strains with limited variability are present in Belarus, suggesting independent introductory events. As there currently seem to be misattributions of strains to genotypes and unclear phylogenetic relationships, criteria for genotyping of RUBV should be clarified further. FAU - Hübschen, Judith M AU - Hübschen JM AD - Institute of Immunology and WHO Collaborative Centre for Measles and WHO European Regional Reference Laboratory for Measles and Rubella, Laboratoire National de Santé, 20A rue Auguste Lumière, L-1011 Luxembourg. FAU - Yermalovich, Marina AU - Yermalovich M AD - Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Minsk, Belarus. FAU - Semeiko, Galina AU - Semeiko G AD - Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Minsk, Belarus. FAU - Samoilovich, Elena AU - Samoilovich E AD - Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Minsk, Belarus. FAU - Blatun, Elena AU - Blatun E AD - Infectious Disease Hospital, Minsk, Belarus. FAU - De Landtsheer, Sébastien AU - De Landtsheer S AD - Institute of Immunology and WHO Collaborative Centre for Measles and WHO European Regional Reference Laboratory for Measles and Rubella, Laboratoire National de Santé, 20A rue Auguste Lumière, L-1011 Luxembourg. FAU - Muller, Claude P AU - Muller CP AD - Institute of Immunology and WHO Collaborative Centre for Measles and WHO European Regional Reference Laboratory for Measles and Rubella, Laboratoire National de Santé, 20A rue Auguste Lumière, L-1011 Luxembourg. LA - eng SI - GENBANK/AM258944 SI - GENBANK/AM258945 SI - GENBANK/AM258946 SI - GENBANK/AM258947 SI - GENBANK/AM258948 SI - GENBANK/AM258949 SI - GENBANK/AM258950 SI - GENBANK/AM258951 SI - GENBANK/AM258952 SI - GENBANK/AM258953 SI - GENBANK/AM258954 SI - GENBANK/AM258955 SI - GENBANK/AM258956 SI - GENBANK/AM258957 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - England TA - J Gen Virol JT - The Journal of general virology JID - 0077340 RN - 0 (DNA Primers) RN - 0 (RNA, Viral) RN - 0 (Viral Envelope Proteins) RN - 131016-01-8 (E1 envelope protein, Rubella virus) SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Base Sequence MH - Child MH - DNA Primers/genetics MH - Genes, Viral MH - Humans MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - Phylogeny MH - RNA, Viral/genetics MH - Republic of Belarus/epidemiology MH - Rubella/epidemiology/*virology MH - Rubella virus/classification/*genetics/*isolation & purification MH - Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics EDAT- 2007/06/08 09:00 MHDA- 2007/07/26 09:00 CRDT- 2007/06/08 09:00 PHST- 2007/06/08 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2007/07/26 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2007/06/08 09:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1099/vir.0.82580-0 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Gen Virol. 2007 Jul;88(Pt 7):1960-1966. doi: 10.1099/vir.0.82580-0. PMID- 12419334 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20030409 LR - 20190628 IS - 0003-2697 (Print) IS - 0003-2697 (Linking) VI - 308 IP - 2 DP - 2002 Sep 15 TI - A technique for isolation of rubella virus-like particles by sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation using Coomassie brilliant blue G crystals. PG - 232-8 AB - An improved method for the isolation of rubella virus-like particles (RVLP) from cell culture supernatant of transfected Chinese hamster ovary (CHO24S) cells is described. It employs a combination of membrane filtration with sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation. It was found that staining the RVLP band with Coomassie brilliant blue G (CBB) resulted in the CBB crystals adsorbing RVLP. After ultracentrifugation (25,000 rpm, 3h, 4 degrees C) a sharp blue band with crystals (diameter 30-40 microm) was observed (at a density of 1.250 g/ml at 25 degrees C) in a 30-60% sucrose gradient. Using a combination of SDS-PAGE and Western blotting techniques, E1 rubella virus structural protein was detected only in the solutions derived from the sharp blue band. A decrease in crystal concentration a few millimeters above or below the main band was associated with a decrease in protein concentration. By dilution with a saturated ice-cold 30% sucrose solution it was possible to pellet the crystals by centrifugation (15,000 rpm, 10 min). SDS-PAGE showed a much higher concentration of RVLP structural protein in the pellet than in the supernatant. This RVLP-containing material is especially suitable for the preparation of rubella virus immunoblot stripes. FAU - Giessauf, Andreas AU - Giessauf A AD - Institut für Hygiene und Sozialmedizin, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Fritz-Pregl-Str. 3, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. andreas.giessauf@uni-graz.at FAU - Flaim, Manuel AU - Flaim M FAU - Dierich, Manfred P AU - Dierich MP FAU - Würzner, Reinhard AU - Würzner R LA - eng PT - Journal Article PL - United States TA - Anal Biochem JT - Analytical biochemistry JID - 0370535 RN - 0 (Indicators and Reagents) RN - 0 (Rosaniline Dyes) RN - M1ZRX790SI (coomassie Brilliant Blue) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - CHO Cells MH - Centrifugation, Density Gradient/*methods MH - Cricetinae MH - Crystallization MH - Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel MH - Humans MH - Immunoblotting MH - Indicators and Reagents/*chemistry MH - Rosaniline Dyes/*chemistry MH - Rubella virus/*isolation & purification MH - Virion/*isolation & purification EDAT- 2002/11/07 04:00 MHDA- 2003/04/10 05:00 CRDT- 2002/11/07 04:00 PHST- 2002/11/07 04:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2003/04/10 05:00 [medline] PHST- 2002/11/07 04:00 [entrez] AID - S0003269702002178 [pii] AID - 10.1016/s0003-2697(02)00217-8 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Anal Biochem. 2002 Sep 15;308(2):232-8. doi: 10.1016/s0003-2697(02)00217-8. PMID- 12758173 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20030707 LR - 20210119 IS - 0042-6822 (Print) IS - 1096-0341 (Electronic) IS - 0042-6822 (Linking) VI - 309 IP - 2 DP - 2003 May 10 TI - Analysis of intermolecular RNA-RNA recombination by rubella virus. PG - 258-71 AB - To investigate whether rubella virus (RUB) undergoes intermolecular RNA-RNA recombination, cells were cotransfected with pairs of in vitro transcripts from genomic cDNA plasmid vectors engineered to contain nonoverlapping deletions: the replicative transcript maintained the 5'-proximal nonstructural (NS) ORF (which contained the replicase, making it RNA replication competent), had a deletion in the 3'-proximal structural protein (SP) ORF, and maintained the 3' end of the genome, including the putative 3' cis-acting elements (CSE), while the nonreplicative transcript consisted of the 3' half of the genome including the SP-ORF and 3' CSE. Cotransfection yielded plaque-forming virus that synthesized the standard genomic and subgenomic RNAs and thus was generated by RNA-RNA recombination. Using transcripts tagged with a 3'-terminal deletion, it was found that recombinants contained the 3' end derived from the replicative strand, indicating a cis-preference for initiation of negative-strand synthesis. In cotransfections in which the replicative transcript lacked the 3' CSE, recombination occurred, albeit at lower efficiency, indicating that initiation in trans from the NS-ORF can occur. The 3' CSE was sufficient as a nonreplicative transcript, showing that it can serve as a promoter for negative-strand RNA synthesis. While deletion mutagenesis showed that the presence of the junction untranslated region (J-UTR) between the ORFs appeared to be necessary on both transcripts for recombination in this region of the genome, analysis with transcripts tagged with restriction sites showed that the J-UTR was not a hot spot for recombination compared to neighboring regions in both ORFs. Sequence analysis of recombinants revealed that both precise (homologous) and imprecise recombination (aberrant, homologous resulting in duplications) occurred; however, imprecise recombination only involved the J-UTR or the 3' end of the NS-ORF and the J-UTR (maintaining the NS-ORF), indicating selection pressure against duplications in other regions of the genome. FAU - Adams, Sandra D AU - Adams SD AD - Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA. FAU - Tzeng, Wen-Pin AU - Tzeng WP FAU - Chen, Min-Hsin AU - Chen MH FAU - Frey, Teryl K AU - Frey TK LA - eng GR - R01 AI021389/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States GR - AI-21389/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. TA - Virology JT - Virology JID - 0110674 RN - 0 (3' Untranslated Regions) RN - 0 (RNA, Viral) SB - IM MH - 3' Untranslated Regions/genetics MH - Animals MH - Chlorocebus aethiops MH - Genetic Vectors MH - Plasmids MH - RNA, Viral/*genetics/metabolism MH - *Recombination, Genetic MH - Rubella virus/*genetics/metabolism MH - Transcription, Genetic MH - Transfection MH - Vero Cells PMC - PMC7126107 EDAT- 2003/05/22 05:00 MHDA- 2003/07/08 05:00 CRDT- 2003/05/22 05:00 PHST- 2003/05/22 05:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2003/07/08 05:00 [medline] PHST- 2003/05/22 05:00 [entrez] AID - S0042682203000643 [pii] AID - 10.1016/s0042-6822(03)00064-3 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Virology. 2003 May 10;309(2):258-71. doi: 10.1016/s0042-6822(03)00064-3. PMID- 17698161 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20071221 LR - 20181113 IS - 0042-6822 (Print) IS - 1096-0341 (Electronic) IS - 0042-6822 (Linking) VI - 369 IP - 1 DP - 2007 Dec 5 TI - Analysis of the selective advantage conferred by a C-E1 fusion protein synthesized by rubella virus DI RNAs. PG - 19-34 AB - During serial passaging of rubella virus (RUB) in cell culture, the dominant species of defective-interfering RNA (DI) generated contains an in-frame deletion between the capsid protein (C) gene and E1 glycoprotein gene resulting in production of a C-E1 fusion protein that is necessary for the maintenance of the DI [Tzeng, W.P., Frey, T.K. (2006). C-E1 fusion protein synthesized by rubella virus DI RNAs maintained during serial passage. Virology 356 198-207.]. A BHK cell line stably expressing the RUB structural proteins was established which was used to package DIs into virus particles following transfection with in vitro transcripts from DI infectious cDNA constructs. Packaging of a DI encoding an in-frame C-GFP-E1 reporter fusion protein corresponding to the C-E1 fusion protein expressed in a native DI was only marginally more efficient than packaging of a DI encoding GFP, indicating that the C-E1 fusion protein did not function by enhancing packaging. However, infection with the DI encoding the C-GFP-E1 fusion protein (in the absence of wt RUB helper virus) resulted in formation of clusters of GFP-positive cells and the percentage of GFP-positive cells in the culture following infection remained relatively constant. In contrast, a DI encoding GFP did not form GFP-positive clusters and the percentage of GFP-positive cells declined by roughly half from 2 to 4 days post-infection. Cluster formation and sustaining the percentage of infected (GFP-positive) cells required the C part of the fusion protein, including the downstream but not the upstream of two arginine clusters (both of which are associated with RNA binding and association with mitochondrial p32 protein) and the E1 part through the transmembrane sequence, but not the C-terminal cytoplasmic tail. Among a collection of mutant DI constructs, cluster formation and sustaining infected cell percentage correlated with maintenance during serial passage with wt RUB. We hypothesize that cluster formation and sustaining infected cell percentage increase the likelihood of co-infection by a DI and wt RUB during serial passage thus enhancing maintenance of the DI. Cluster formation and sustaining infected cell percentage were found to be due to a combination of attenuated cytopathogenicity of DIs that express the C-E1 fusion protein and cell-to-cell movement of the DI. In infected cells, the C-GFP-E1 fusion protein was localized to potentially novel vesicular structures that appear to originate from ER-Golgi transport vacuoles. This species of DI expressing a C-E1 fusion protein that exhibits attenuated cytopathogenicity and the ability to increase the number of infected cells through cell-to-cell movement could be the basis for development of an attractive vaccine vector. FAU - Claus, Claudia AU - Claus C AD - Institute of Virology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. FAU - Tzeng, Wen-Pin AU - Tzeng WP FAU - Liebert, Uwe Gerd AU - Liebert UG FAU - Frey, Teryl K AU - Frey TK LA - eng GR - R01 AI021389/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 AI021389-19/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States GR - R01-AI21389/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural DEP - 20070815 TA - Virology JT - Virology JID - 0110674 RN - 0 (Mutant Chimeric Proteins) RN - 0 (Recombinant Fusion Proteins) RN - 0 (Viral Core Proteins) RN - 0 (Viral Envelope Proteins) RN - 0 (Viral Structural Proteins) RN - 0 (nucleocapsid protein (C), rubella virus) RN - 131016-01-8 (E1 envelope protein, Rubella virus) RN - 147336-22-9 (Green Fluorescent Proteins) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Cell Line MH - Cricetinae MH - Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral MH - Defective Viruses/genetics/*growth & development/pathogenicity MH - Gene Fusion/genetics/*physiology MH - Genes, Reporter MH - Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics/metabolism MH - Mutant Chimeric Proteins/analysis/genetics/*physiology MH - Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics/metabolism MH - Rubella virus/*growth & development/pathogenicity MH - Serial Passage MH - Transport Vesicles/chemistry MH - Viral Core Proteins/genetics/*physiology MH - Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics/*physiology MH - Viral Structural Proteins/analysis/genetics/physiology MH - Virus Assembly/genetics/physiology PMC - PMC2694055 MID - NIHMS34289 EDAT- 2007/08/19 09:00 MHDA- 2007/12/22 09:00 CRDT- 2007/08/19 09:00 PHST- 2007/01/19 00:00 [received] PHST- 2007/02/01 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2007/06/19 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2007/08/19 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2007/12/22 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2007/08/19 09:00 [entrez] AID - S0042-6822(07)00431-X [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.virol.2007.06.047 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Virology. 2007 Dec 5;369(1):19-34. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2007.06.047. Epub 2007 Aug 15. PMID- 25662343 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20160405 LR - 20181202 IS - 1477-0970 (Electronic) IS - 1352-4585 (Linking) VI - 21 IP - 8 DP - 2015 Jul TI - Multiphasic acute disseminated encephalomyelitis associated with atypical rubella virus infection. PG - 1088-9 LID - 10.1177/1352458514567729 [doi] FAU - Wu, Xiujuan AU - Wu X AD - Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China. FAU - Wang, Juan AU - Wang J AD - Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China. FAU - Liu, Kangding AU - Liu K AD - Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China. FAU - Zhang, Hongliang AU - Zhang H AD - Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China drzhl@hotmail.com. LA - eng PT - Comment PT - Letter PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20150206 PL - England TA - Mult Scler JT - Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) JID - 9509185 SB - IM CON - Mult Scler. 2015 Feb;21(2):252-4. PMID: 24852921 CIN - Mult Scler. 2015 Jul;21(8):1089. PMID: 25662341 MH - Encephalomyelitis, Acute Disseminated/*etiology MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Rubella/*complications MH - Rubella virus/*pathogenicity EDAT- 2015/02/11 06:00 MHDA- 2016/04/06 06:00 CRDT- 2015/02/10 06:00 PHST- 2015/02/10 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2015/02/11 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2016/04/06 06:00 [medline] AID - 1352458514567729 [pii] AID - 10.1177/1352458514567729 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Mult Scler. 2015 Jul;21(8):1088-9. doi: 10.1177/1352458514567729. Epub 2015 Feb 6. PMID- 16172842 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20060329 LR - 20191210 IS - 0304-8608 (Print) IS - 0304-8608 (Linking) VI - 151 IP - 2 DP - 2006 Feb TI - Evaluation of cis-acting elements in the rubella virus subgenomic RNA that play a role in its translation. PG - 327-46 AB - The subgenomic (SG) mRNA of rubella virus (RUB) contains the structural protein open reading frame (SP-ORF) that is translated to produce the three virion structural proteins: capsid (C) and glycoproteins E2 and E1. RUB expression vectors have been developed that express heterologous genes from the SG RNA, including replicons which replace the SP-ORF with a heterologous gene, and these expression vectors are candidate vaccine vectors. In the related alphaviruses, translational enhancing elements have been identified in both the 5' untranslated region (UTR) of the SG RNA and the N-terminal region of the C gene. To optimize expression from RUB vectors, both the 5'UTR of the SG RNA and the C gene were surveyed for translational enhancing elements using both plasmids and replicons expressing reporter genes from the SG RNA. In replicons, the entire 5'UTR was necessary for translation; interestingly, when plasmids were used the 5'UTR was dispensable for optimal translation. The RUB C gene contains a predicted long stem-loop starting 62 nts downstream from the initiation codon (SLL) that has a structure and stability similar to SL's found in the C genes of two alphaviruses, Sindbis virus (SIN) and Semliki Forest virus, that have been shown to enhance translation of the SG RNA in infected cells. However, a series of fusions of various lengths of the N-terminus of the RUB C protein with reporter genes showed that the SLL had an attenuating effect on translation that was overcome by mutagenesis that destabilized the SLL or by adding downstream sequences of the C gene to the fusion. Thus, for optimal expression efficiency from RUB expression vectors, only the 5'UTR of the SG RNA is required. Further investigation of the differing effects of the SLL on RUB and alphavirus SG RNA translation revealed that the SIN and RUB SLLs could enhance translation when expressed from a SIN cytopathic replicon, but not when expressed from a plasmid, a RUB replicon, or a SIN noncytopathic replicon. Thus, the SLL only functions in a "cytopathic environment" in which cell translation has been altered. FAU - Pappas, C L AU - Pappas CL AD - Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA. FAU - Tzeng, W-P AU - Tzeng WP FAU - Frey, T K AU - Frey TK LA - eng GR - AI21389/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20050920 PL - Austria TA - Arch Virol JT - Archives of virology JID - 7506870 RN - 0 (RNA, Viral) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Chlorocebus aethiops MH - *Genome, Viral MH - Protein Biosynthesis/*genetics MH - RNA, Viral/genetics/*metabolism MH - Response Elements/*genetics MH - Rubella virus/*genetics/*metabolism MH - Transcription, Genetic MH - Vero Cells EDAT- 2005/09/21 09:00 MHDA- 2006/03/30 09:00 CRDT- 2005/09/21 09:00 PHST- 2005/03/19 00:00 [received] PHST- 2005/07/04 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2005/09/21 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2006/03/30 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2005/09/21 09:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1007/s00705-005-0614-x [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Arch Virol. 2006 Feb;151(2):327-46. doi: 10.1007/s00705-005-0614-x. Epub 2005 Sep 20. PMID- 16076562 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20060213 LR - 20091119 IS - 1386-6532 (Print) IS - 1386-6532 (Linking) VI - 34 IP - 2 DP - 2005 Oct TI - Prevalence of HI antibody titer against rubella virus to determine the effect of mass vaccination in Tehran. PG - 153-4 AB - BACKGROUND: Rubella is an infectious viral disease, has a worldwide distribution and is normally a mild childhood disease. Infection during early pregnancy may cause fetal death or congenital rubella syndrome. The highest risk of CRS is found in countries with high susceptibility rates among women of childbearing age. In many developed and some developing countries, large-scale rubella vaccination during the past decade has drastically reduced or practically eliminated rubella and CRS. Mass vaccination campaigns and Expanded Program of Immunization (EPI) have increased vaccine coverage in the world with a substantial impact on the reduction of rubella infections, such as CRS. OBJECTIVE: The present study was preformed to evaluate the immune status against rubella before and after the mass campaign vaccination on 22 December 2003. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 320 samples were collected from the healthy subjects before and after the vaccination and 80 paired sera were collected and tested for the presence of rubella antibody using HI test. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results, 98.1% of the population has gained anti-rubella antibody, compared with 92.2% before the vaccination. The data revealed that 98.75% of the paired subjects had rubella antibody after mass vaccination which is statistically significant. FAU - Soleimanjahi, H AU - Soleimanjahi H AD - Department of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran. soleim_h@modares.ac.ir FAU - Bamdad, T AU - Bamdad T FAU - Fotouhi, F AU - Fotouhi F FAU - Roustai, M H AU - Roustai MH FAU - Faghihzadeh, S AU - Faghihzadeh S LA - eng PT - Journal Article PL - Netherlands TA - J Clin Virol JT - Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology JID - 9815671 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Rubella Vaccine) RN - 0 (rubella antibodies) SB - IM MH - Antibodies, Viral/*blood MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests MH - Humans MH - Iran MH - *Mass Vaccination MH - Rubella/*immunology/*prevention & control MH - Rubella Vaccine/*administration & dosage/immunology MH - Rubella virus/*immunology MH - Seroepidemiologic Studies MH - Treatment Outcome EDAT- 2005/08/04 09:00 MHDA- 2006/02/14 09:00 CRDT- 2005/08/04 09:00 PHST- 2005/04/18 00:00 [received] PHST- 2005/05/11 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2005/05/12 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2005/08/04 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2006/02/14 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2005/08/04 09:00 [entrez] AID - S1386-6532(05)00142-3 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.jcv.2005.05.004 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Clin Virol. 2005 Oct;34(2):153-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2005.05.004. PMID- 31070095 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20191212 LR - 20191217 IS - 1615-7109 (Electronic) IS - 1203-4754 (Linking) VI - 23 IP - 3 DP - 2019 May/Jun TI - "Noninfectious" Cutaneous Granulomas in Primary Immunodeficiency Patients and Association With Rubella Virus Vaccine Strain. PG - 341-342 LID - 10.1177/1203475419825780 [doi] FAU - Murguia-Favela, Luis AU - Murguia-Favela L AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6893-3366 AD - 1 Section of Hematology/Immunology Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, AB, Canada. FAU - Hiebert, Joanne AU - Hiebert J AD - 2 Viral Exanthemata and STDs Section, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. FAU - Haber, Richard M AU - Haber RM AD - 3 Section of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, AB, Canada. LA - eng PT - Case Reports PT - Letter PL - United States TA - J Cutan Med Surg JT - Journal of cutaneous medicine and surgery JID - 9614685 RN - 0 (Rubella Vaccine) SB - IM MH - Ataxia Telangiectasia/complications MH - Child, Preschool MH - Granuloma/complications/*virology MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases/complications MH - Rubella Vaccine MH - Rubella virus/genetics/*isolation & purification MH - Skin Diseases/complications/*virology EDAT- 2019/05/10 06:00 MHDA- 2019/12/18 06:00 CRDT- 2019/05/10 06:00 PHST- 2019/05/10 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2019/05/10 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2019/12/18 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.1177/1203475419825780 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Cutan Med Surg. 2019 May/Jun;23(3):341-342. doi: 10.1177/1203475419825780. PMID- 17475644 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20070914 LR - 20181113 IS - 0022-538X (Print) IS - 1098-5514 (Electronic) IS - 0022-538X (Linking) VI - 81 IP - 14 DP - 2007 Jul TI - Identification of a Ca2+-binding domain in the rubella virus nonstructural protease. PG - 7517-28 AB - The rubella virus (RUB) nonstructural protein (NS) open reading frame (ORF) encodes a polypeptide precursor that is proteolytically self cleaved into two replicase components involved in viral RNA replication. A putative EF-hand Ca(2+)-binding motif that was conserved across different genotypes of RUB was predicted within the nonstructural protease that cleaves the precursor by using bioinformatics tools. To probe the metal-binding properties of this motif, we used an established grafting approach and engineered the 12-residue Ca(2+)-coordinating loop into a non-Ca(2+)-binding scaffold protein, CD2. The grafted EF-loop bound to Ca(2+) and its trivalent analogs Tb(3+) and La(3+) with K(d)s of 214, 47, and 14 microM, respectively. Mutations (D1210A and D1217A) of two of the potential Ca(2+)-coordinating ligands in the EF-loop led to the elimination of Tb(3+) binding. Inductive coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to confirm the presence of Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)]/[protein] = 0.7 +/- 0.2) in an NS protease minimal metal-binding domain, RUBCa, that spans the EF-hand motif. Conformational studies on RUBCa revealed that Ca(2+) binding induced local conformational changes and increased thermal stability (Delta T(m) = 4.1 degrees C). The infectivity of an RUB infectious cDNA clone containing the mutations D1210A/D1217A was decreased by approximately 20-fold in comparison to the wild-type (wt) clone, and these mutations rapidly reverted to the wt sequence. The NS protease containing these mutations was less efficient at precursor cleavage than the wt NS protease at 35 degrees C, and the mutant NS protease was temperature sensitive at 39 degrees C, confirming that the Ca(2+)-binding loop played a structural role in the NS protease and was specifically required for optimal stability under physiological conditions. FAU - Zhou, Yubin AU - Zhou Y AD - Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, 50 Decatur St., Atlanta, GA 30303, USA. FAU - Tzeng, Wen-Pin AU - Tzeng WP FAU - Yang, Wei AU - Yang W FAU - Zhou, Yumei AU - Zhou Y FAU - Ye, Yiming AU - Ye Y FAU - Lee, Hsiau-wei AU - Lee HW FAU - Frey, Teryl K AU - Frey TK FAU - Yang, Jenny AU - Yang J LA - eng GR - R01 AI021389/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 GM062999/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 AI21389/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States GR - R21 GM070555/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States GR - GM070555/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States GR - GM62999/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. DEP - 20070502 TA - J Virol JT - Journal of virology JID - 0113724 RN - 0 (DNA, Complementary) RN - EC 3.4.- (Peptide Hydrolases) RN - SY7Q814VUP (Calcium) SB - IM MH - Amino Acid Sequence MH - Base Sequence MH - Binding Sites MH - Calcium/*metabolism MH - DNA, Complementary MH - Models, Molecular MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - Peptide Hydrolases/chemistry/*metabolism MH - Rubella virus/*enzymology MH - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid MH - Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid PMC - PMC1933374 EDAT- 2007/05/04 09:00 MHDA- 2007/09/15 09:00 CRDT- 2007/05/04 09:00 PHST- 2007/05/04 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2007/09/15 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2007/05/04 09:00 [entrez] AID - JVI.00605-07 [pii] AID - 0605-07 [pii] AID - 10.1128/JVI.00605-07 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Virol. 2007 Jul;81(14):7517-28. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00605-07. Epub 2007 May 2. PMID- 16938325 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20070112 LR - 20191210 IS - 0042-6822 (Print) IS - 1096-0341 (Electronic) IS - 0042-6822 (Linking) VI - 356 IP - 1-2 DP - 2006 Dec 5-20 TI - C-E1 fusion protein synthesized by rubella virus DI RNAs maintained during serial passage. PG - 198-207 AB - Rubella virus (RUB) replicons are derivatives of the RUB infectious cDNA clone that retain the nonstructural open reading frame (NS-ORF) that encodes the replicase proteins but not the structural protein ORF (SP-ORF) that encodes the virion proteins. RUB defective interfering (DI) RNAs contain deletions within the SP-ORF and thus resemble replicons. DI RNAs often retain the 5' end of the capsid protein (C) gene that has been shown to modulate virus-specific RNA synthesis. However, when replicons either with or without the C gene were passaged serially in the presence of wt RUB as a source of the virion proteins, it was found that neither replicon was maintained and DI RNAs were generated. The majority DI RNA species contained in-frame deletions in the SP-ORF leading to a fusion between the 5' end of the C gene and the 3' end of the E1 glycoprotein gene. DI infectious cDNA clones were constructed and transcripts from these DI infectious cDNA clones were maintained during serial passage with wt RUB. The C-E1 fusion protein encoded by the DI RNAs was synthesized and was required for maintenance of the DI RNA during serial passage. This is the first report of a functional novel gene product resulting from deletion during DI RNA generation. Thus far, the role of the C-E1 fusion protein in maintenance of DI RNAs during serial passage remained elusive as it was found that the fusion protein diminished rather than enhanced DI RNA synthesis and was not incorporated into virus particles. FAU - Tzeng, Wen-Pin AU - Tzeng WP AD - Department of Biology, Georgia State University, University Plaza, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA. FAU - Frey, Teryl K AU - Frey TK LA - eng GR - R01 AI021389-20/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 AI021389/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 AI021389-18/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States GR - R01-AI21389/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 AI021389-19/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 AI021389-17A2/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural DEP - 20060830 TA - Virology JT - Virology JID - 0110674 RN - 0 (RNA, Viral) RN - 0 (Recombinant Fusion Proteins) RN - 0 (Viral Core Proteins) RN - 0 (Viral Envelope Proteins) RN - 0 (nucleocapsid protein (C), rubella virus) RN - 131016-01-8 (E1 envelope protein, Rubella virus) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Chlorocebus aethiops MH - Defective Viruses/genetics/*metabolism MH - Gene Deletion MH - RNA, Viral/genetics/*metabolism MH - Recombinant Fusion Proteins/*metabolism MH - Rubella virus/genetics/metabolism/*physiology MH - *Serial Passage MH - Vero Cells MH - Viral Core Proteins/genetics/*metabolism MH - Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics/*metabolism MH - Viral Interference PMC - PMC2694048 MID - NIHMS14202 EDAT- 2006/08/30 09:00 MHDA- 2007/01/16 09:00 CRDT- 2006/08/30 09:00 PHST- 2006/06/06 00:00 [received] PHST- 2006/06/23 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2006/07/13 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2006/08/30 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2007/01/16 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2006/08/30 09:00 [entrez] AID - S0042-6822(06)00478-8 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.virol.2006.07.041 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Virology. 2006 Dec 5-20;356(1-2):198-207. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2006.07.041. Epub 2006 Aug 30. PMID- 21246952 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20110215 LR - 20130502 IS - 1110-0583 (Print) IS - 1110-0583 (Linking) VI - 40 IP - 2 DP - 2010 Aug TI - Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii, cytomegalovirus, rubella virus and Chlamydia trachomatis among infertile women attending in vitro fertilization center, Gaza strip, Palestine. PG - 451-8 AB - In the present study, the seroprevalence of Toxoplasmia gondii, rubella, cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Chlamydia trachomatis in Palestinian women was determined through antenatal screening. The study included 1954 Palestinian women records which were reviewed and analyzed statistically from 2000-2005. Those women attended In vitro fertilization center in Gaza complaining from infertility and abortion. Anti-Toxoplasma, anti-rubella, anti-CMV and anti-Chlamydia IgM antibodies were assayed using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Positive results were found in 7.9%, 6%, 7% and 12.8% for T. gondii, CMV, Rubella and C. trachomatis antibodies. A high significant infection rate was observed in year 2003 (P = 0.001) for T. gondii. A clear variation with statistical significance was observed in the seroprevalence for all the studied pathogens regarding year of collection and age of women. The study indicated that T. gondii, rubella, CMV and C. trachomatis are still constitute a public health problem among pregnant women and considered one of the abortion factors. FAU - Al-Hindi, Adnan AU - Al-Hindi A AD - The Islamic University of Gaza, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, P.O.Box 108, Gaza, Palestine. ahindi@iugaza.edu.ps FAU - Al-Helou, Tharwat AU - Al-Helou T FAU - Al-Helou, Yousef AU - Al-Helou Y LA - eng PT - Journal Article PL - Egypt TA - J Egypt Soc Parasitol JT - Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology JID - 8102141 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Bacterial) RN - 0 (Antibodies, Protozoan) RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin M) SB - IM MH - Antibodies, Bacterial/blood MH - Antibodies, Protozoan/blood MH - Antibodies, Viral/blood MH - Chlamydia Infections/blood/epidemiology/immunology MH - Chlamydia trachomatis/*immunology MH - Cytomegalovirus/*immunology MH - Cytomegalovirus Infections/blood/epidemiology/immunology MH - Female MH - Fertilization in Vitro MH - Humans MH - Immunoglobulin M/blood MH - Infertility, Female MH - Middle East MH - Pregnancy MH - Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/epidemiology/immunology MH - Retrospective Studies MH - Rubella/blood/epidemiology/immunology MH - Rubella virus/*immunology MH - Seroepidemiologic Studies MH - Toxoplasma/*immunology MH - Toxoplasmosis/blood/epidemiology/immunology EDAT- 2011/01/21 06:00 MHDA- 2011/02/16 06:00 CRDT- 2011/01/21 06:00 PHST- 2011/01/21 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2011/01/21 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2011/02/16 06:00 [medline] PST - ppublish SO - J Egypt Soc Parasitol. 2010 Aug;40(2):451-8. PMID- 19301948 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20090514 LR - 20191111 IS - 0001-723X (Print) IS - 0001-723X (Linking) VI - 53 IP - 1 DP - 2009 TI - Effects of disulfide bridges glycoprotein E1 on fusogenic activity of Rubella virus. PG - 29-34 AB - Rubella virus (RUBV) infects cells via an acid-triggered membrane fusion process. RUBV virions contain two cysteine-rich glycoproteins, E2 and E1. The latter is believed to be involved in the membrane fusion. Using a recombinant plasmid containing RUBV E1 and E2, 11 of total 20 cysteines present in the ectodomain of wild type E1 were mutated to test their role in the fusion via the formation of disulfide bridges. The recombinant plasmids containing mutated E1 (Cys2-Cys20) or wild type (wt) E1 were expressed in BHK-21 cells. Their fusogenic and hemadsorption activities in addition to a potential of cell surface expression of E1 and E2 were assayed. The results showed that the fusogenic activity was lost in all tested mutants, while the hemadsorption activity and cell surface expression potential were affected differently in individual mutants. Since only the Cys5 and Cys8 mutations led to a reduction of both hemadsorption and cell surface expression, we assume that these mutations prevented the formation of the disulfide bridge, what led to a misfolding of E1 and consequently to a failure of recognition of E1 by E2. In conclusion, the disulfide bridges disrupted in all the tested mutants appear essential for the cell fusion, while only the disulfide bridge C(5)-C(8) seems to be crucial for the transport of E1 and E2 in the cell. FAU - Liu, X L AU - Liu XL AD - Department of Virology, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China. FAU - Wu, B AU - Wu B FAU - Zhang, W Q AU - Zhang WQ FAU - Song, Y Y AU - Song YY FAU - Xu, H Z AU - Xu HZ FAU - Wang, G T AU - Wang GT FAU - Wang, Z Y AU - Wang ZY LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - Slovakia TA - Acta Virol JT - Acta virologica JID - 0370401 RN - 0 (Disulfides) RN - 0 (Viral Envelope Proteins) RN - 131016-01-8 (E1 envelope protein, Rubella virus) RN - K848JZ4886 (Cysteine) SB - IM MH - Amino Acid Substitution MH - Animals MH - Cell Line MH - Cricetinae MH - Cysteine/genetics MH - Disulfides/*chemistry MH - Hemadsorption MH - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed MH - Protein Transport MH - Rubella virus/*chemistry/*physiology MH - Viral Envelope Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*physiology MH - *Virus Internalization EDAT- 2009/03/24 09:00 MHDA- 2009/05/15 09:00 CRDT- 2009/03/24 09:00 PHST- 2009/03/24 09:00 [entrez] PHST- 2009/03/24 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2009/05/15 09:00 [medline] AID - 10.4149/av_2009_01_29 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Acta Virol. 2009;53(1):29-34. doi: 10.4149/av_2009_01_29. PMID- 28974385 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20181211 LR - 20211204 IS - 1872-9096 (Electronic) IS - 0166-3542 (Print) IS - 0166-3542 (Linking) VI - 147 DP - 2017 Nov TI - Inhibition of rubella virus replication by the broad-spectrum drug nitazoxanide in cell culture and in a patient with a primary immune deficiency. PG - 58-66 LID - S0166-3542(17)30646-0 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.09.019 [doi] AB - Persistent rubella virus (RV) infection has been associated with various pathologies such as congenital rubella syndrome, Fuchs's uveitis, and cutaneous granulomas in patients with primary immune deficiencies (PID). Currently there are no drugs to treat RV infections. Nitazoxanide (NTZ) is an FDA-approved drug for parasitic infections, and has been recently shown to have broad-spectrum antiviral activities. Here we found that empiric 2-month therapy with oral NTZ was associated in the decline/elimination of RV antigen from lesions in a PID patient with RV positive granulomas, while peginterferon treatment had no effect. In addition, we characterized the effects of NTZ on cell culture models of persistent RV infection. NTZ significantly inhibited RV replication in a primary culture of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and Vero and A549 epithelial cell lines in a dose dependent manner with an average 50% inhibitory concentration of 0.35 μg/ml (1.1 μM). RV strains representing currently circulating genotypes were inhibited to a similar extent. NTZ affected early and late stages of infection by inhibiting synthesis of cellular and RV RNA and interfering with intracellular trafficking of the RV surface glycoproteins, E1 and E2. These results suggest a potential application of NTZ for the treatment of persistent rubella infections, but more studies are required. CI - Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier B.V. FAU - Perelygina, Ludmila AU - Perelygina L AD - Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, MS C22, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. FAU - Hautala, Timo AU - Hautala T AD - Department of Internal Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Kajaanintie 50, 90220 Oulu, Finland. FAU - Seppänen, Mikko AU - Seppänen M AD - Immunodeficiency Unit, Inflammation Center and Center for Rare Diseases, Children's Hospital, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. FAU - Adebayo, Adebola AU - Adebayo A AD - Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, MS C22, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. FAU - Sullivan, Kathleen E AU - Sullivan KE AD - Division of Allergy and Immunology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. FAU - Icenogle, Joseph AU - Icenogle J AD - Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, MS C22, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. Electronic address: jci1@cdc.gov. LA - eng PT - Case Reports PT - Journal Article DEP - 20170930 TA - Antiviral Res JT - Antiviral research JID - 8109699 RN - 0 (Antigens, Viral) RN - 0 (Antiviral Agents) RN - 0 (Nitro Compounds) RN - 0 (Thiazoles) RN - SOA12P041N (nitazoxanide) SB - IM MH - A549 Cells MH - Animals MH - Antigens, Viral/*metabolism MH - Antiviral Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use/toxicity MH - Cell Survival/drug effects MH - Chlorocebus aethiops MH - Female MH - Granuloma/complications/drug therapy/virology MH - Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells MH - Humans MH - Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/complications/virology MH - Inhibitory Concentration 50 MH - Nitro Compounds MH - Protein Transport/*drug effects MH - Rubella/complications/drug therapy/virology MH - Rubella virus/*drug effects MH - Skin/pathology/virology MH - Thiazoles/*pharmacology/*therapeutic use/toxicity MH - Treatment Outcome MH - Vero Cells MH - Virus Replication/*drug effects PMC - PMC7127570 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Antivirals OT - Nitazoxanide OT - Patient with primary immune deficiency OT - Rubella virus OT - Rubella-positive granuloma EDAT- 2017/10/05 06:00 MHDA- 2018/12/12 06:00 CRDT- 2017/10/05 06:00 PHST- 2017/07/05 00:00 [received] PHST- 2017/09/25 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2017/09/29 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2017/10/05 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2018/12/12 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2017/10/05 06:00 [entrez] AID - S0166-3542(17)30646-0 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.09.019 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Antiviral Res. 2017 Nov;147:58-66. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.09.019. Epub 2017 Sep 30. PMID- 15557740 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20050303 LR - 20191210 IS - 0385-5600 (Print) IS - 0385-5600 (Linking) VI - 48 IP - 11 DP - 2004 TI - Effects of endocytosis inhibitory drugs on rubella virus entry into VeroE6 cells. PG - 823-9 AB - It has been suggested that infectious entry of rubella virus (RV) is conducted by receptor mediated endocytosis. To explore the cellular entry mechanism of RV, inhibitory effects of drugs affecting various endocytic pathways on RV entry into VeroE6 cells were analyzed. Results showed that RV infectious entry into VeroE6 cells is mediated by clathrin-dependent endocytosis and not by caveolae-mediated endocytosis. Moreover, chemical inhibition of macropinocytosis such as treatments of amiloride, actin and microtubule-disrupting drug significantly reduced RV infection. Considering that macropinocytosis is inducible endocytosis by cellular stimulations, clathrin-mediated endocytosis is likely to be a major route of RV infectious entry. FAU - Kee, Sun-Ho AU - Kee SH AD - Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Institute for Viral Diseases, Medical Science Research Center, Korea University, Seoul. FAU - Cho, Eun-Jin AU - Cho EJ FAU - Song, Jin-Won AU - Song JW FAU - Park, Kwang Sook AU - Park KS FAU - Baek, Luck Ju AU - Baek LJ FAU - Song, Ki-Joon AU - Song KJ LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - Australia TA - Microbiol Immunol JT - Microbiology and immunology JID - 7703966 RN - 0 (Clathrin) RN - 87Z59R7D14 (Filipin) RN - SH1WY3R615 (Nocodazole) RN - U42B7VYA4P (Chlorpromazine) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Chlorocebus aethiops MH - Chlorpromazine/pharmacology MH - Clathrin/*metabolism MH - Cytoskeleton/drug effects/metabolism MH - Endocytosis/*drug effects MH - Filipin/pharmacology MH - Nocodazole/pharmacology MH - Pinocytosis/drug effects MH - Rubella virus/drug effects/*pathogenicity MH - Vero Cells EDAT- 2004/11/24 09:00 MHDA- 2005/03/04 09:00 CRDT- 2004/11/24 09:00 PHST- 2004/11/24 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2005/03/04 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2004/11/24 09:00 [entrez] AID - JST.JSTAGE/mandi/48.823 [pii] AID - 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2004.tb03614.x [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Microbiol Immunol. 2004;48(11):823-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2004.tb03614.x. PMID- 15072157 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20040506 LR - 20131029 IS - 1447-4514 (Print) IS - 1447-4514 (Linking) VI - 28 IP - 1 DP - 2004 TI - Interruption of rubella virus transmission in Australia may require vaccination of adult males: evidence from a Victorian sero-survey. PG - 69-73 AB - Prior to the introduction of rubella vaccine to Australia in 1970 rubella was primarily a disease of primary school aged children. Vaccination programs have subsequently altered rubella age and sex susceptibility. Between July 2001 and June 2002, 85 per cent of the 32 laboratory-confirmed cases of rubella ascertained from enhanced surveillance in Victoria were males aged 20-42 years. This study aimed to determine rubella susceptibility by age group and sex in Victoria and to examine the implications of susceptibility for the interruption of circulating rubella virus. Rubella immunoglobulin G concentrations were determined for 934 residual diagnostic sera stored at the Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory using a standard commercial enzyme immunoassay. Susceptibility was analysed by age groups defined by previous and current Australian rubella immunisation schedules. Among all subjects aged 1-55 years, males were more susceptible to rubella infection than females (10.2% vs 2.6%, p < 0.0001). Although this sex difference occurred in all age groups, it was unlikely to be explained by sampling variation in sera from subjects aged 23-44 years, for whom rubella vaccine had been recommended only for girls aged 10-14 years and rubella susceptible women post-partum. Australia's past rubella immunisation policies have resulted in a susceptible cohort of adult males. If rubella virus transmission is to be interrupted in Australia, consideration needs to be given to a rubella vaccination program targeting men aged 17-44 years. A campaign, targeting both men and women in a similar age group has recently been successful in Costa Rica. FAU - Kelly, Heath AU - Kelly H AD - Epidemiology and Surveillance, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Locked Bag, Carlton South. heath.kelly@mh.org.au FAU - Worth, Leon AU - Worth L FAU - Karapanagiotidis, Theo AU - Karapanagiotidis T FAU - Riddell, Michaela AU - Riddell M LA - eng PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article PL - Australia TA - Commun Dis Intell Q Rep JT - Communicable diseases intelligence quarterly report JID - 101601804 RN - 0 (Rubella Vaccine) SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Age Distribution MH - Child MH - Child, Preschool MH - Disease Susceptibility/*epidemiology MH - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Immunization Programs/*organization & administration MH - Incidence MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Population Surveillance MH - Pregnancy MH - Primary Prevention/organization & administration MH - Risk Assessment MH - Rubella/diagnosis/epidemiology/*prevention & control/*transmission MH - Rubella Vaccine/*administration & dosage MH - Rubella virus/*isolation & purification MH - Serologic Tests MH - Sex Distribution MH - Vaccination MH - Victoria/epidemiology EDAT- 2004/04/10 05:00 MHDA- 2004/05/07 05:00 CRDT- 2004/04/10 05:00 PHST- 2004/04/10 05:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2004/05/07 05:00 [medline] PHST- 2004/04/10 05:00 [entrez] PST - ppublish SO - Commun Dis Intell Q Rep. 2004;28(1):69-73. PMID- 28481690 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20180314 LR - 20181113 IS - 2164-554X (Electronic) IS - 2164-5515 (Print) IS - 2164-5515 (Linking) VI - 13 IP - 7 DP - 2017 Jul 3 TI - Two-year antibody persistence in children vaccinated at 12-15 months with a measles-mumps-rubella virus vaccine without human serum albumin. PG - 1516-1522 LID - 10.1080/21645515.2017.1309486 [doi] AB - One combined measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine without Human Serum Albumin (HSA) is currently licensed in the USA (M-M-R II; Merck, USA) and another has been developed (Priorix™ [MMR-RIT, GSK, Belgium]). In this follow-up study, children from USA or Puerto Rico, who had received one dose of M-M-R II or MMR-RIT at 12-15 months of age in the primary study (NCT00861744), were followed-up for 2 y post-vaccination. Anti-measles and anti-rubella antibodies were measured using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), and anti-mumps antibodies using ELISA and plaque reduction neutralization (PRN) assays. Serious adverse events (SAEs) were recorded during the entire follow-up. The according-to-protocol (ATP) persistence cohort included 752 children (M-M-R II = 186, MMR-RIT = 566), who received primary vaccination at a mean age of 12.3 ( ± 0.67) months. 104 children were revaccinated with MMR-containing vaccines; therefore, serology results for timepoints after revaccination were excluded from the analysis. Seropositivity for measles (Year 1≥ 98.3%; Year 2≥ 99.4%) and rubella (Year 1≥ 98.9%; Year 2 = 100%) remained as high at Year 2 as at Day 42. Similarly, seropositivity for mumps determined by ELISA (Year 1≥ 90.1%; Year 2≥ 94.1%) and PRN assays (Year 1≥ 87.5%; Year 2≥ 91.7%) persisted. Thirty-three SAEs were recorded in 23 children; 2 SAEs (inguinal adenitis and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura) and one SAE (febrile convulsion) were considered as potentially related to MMR-RIT and M-M-R II, respectively. This study showed that antibodies against measles, mumps and rubella persisted for up to 2 y post-vaccination with either MMR vaccine in children aged 12-15 months, and that both vaccines were well-tolerated during the follow-up period. FAU - Berry, Andrea A AU - Berry AA AD - a Center for Vaccine Development , Institute for Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA. FAU - Abu-Elyazeed, Remon AU - Abu-Elyazeed R AD - b GSK , Philadelphia , PA , USA. FAU - Diaz-Perez, Clemente AU - Diaz-Perez C AD - c School of Medicine, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan PR , Puerto Rico. FAU - Mufson, Maurice A AU - Mufson MA AD - d Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University , Huntington , WV , USA. FAU - Harrison, Christopher J AU - Harrison CJ AD - e Children's Mercy Hospital and Clinics, and University of Missouri at Kansas City , Kansas City , MO , USA. FAU - Leonardi, Michael AU - Leonardi M AD - f Palmetto Pediatrics PA, North Charleston , SC , USA. FAU - Twiggs, Jerry D AU - Twiggs JD AD - g Dixie Pediatrics , Saint George , UT , USA. FAU - Peltier, Christopher AU - Peltier C AD - h Pediatric Associates of Mount Carmel, Inc. , Cincinnati , OH , USA. FAU - Grogg, Stanley AU - Grogg S AD - i Oklahoma State University, Center for Health Sciences , Tulsa , OK , USA. FAU - Carbayo, Antonio AU - Carbayo A AD - j Full Health University Medical Clinic , Santa Ana , CA , USA. FAU - Shapiro, Steven AU - Shapiro S AD - k Pediatric Medical Associates , Norriton , PA , USA. FAU - Povey, Michael AU - Povey M AD - l GSK , Wavre , Belgium. FAU - Baccarini, Carmen AU - Baccarini C AD - m GSK, King of Prussia , PA , USA. FAU - Innis, Bruce L AU - Innis BL AD - m GSK, King of Prussia , PA , USA. FAU - Henry, Ouzama AU - Henry O AD - m GSK, King of Prussia , PA , USA. LA - eng SI - ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT00861744 GR - K23 AI125720/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States PT - Clinical Trial, Phase II PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20170508 TA - Hum Vaccin Immunother JT - Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics JID - 101572652 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Neutralizing) RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine) SB - IM MH - Antibodies, Neutralizing/*blood MH - Antibodies, Viral/*blood MH - Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/epidemiology/pathology MH - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay MH - Follow-Up Studies MH - Humans MH - *Immunization Schedule MH - Infant MH - Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine/*administration & dosage/adverse effects/*immunology MH - Neutralization Tests MH - Puerto Rico MH - Time Factors MH - United States MH - Viral Plaque Assay PMC - PMC5512763 OTO - NOTNLM OT - *MMR vaccine OT - *Priorix OT - *antibody persistence OT - *measles OT - *mumps OT - *rubella EDAT- 2017/05/10 06:00 MHDA- 2018/03/15 06:00 CRDT- 2017/05/09 06:00 PHST- 2017/05/10 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2018/03/15 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2017/05/09 06:00 [entrez] AID - 1309486 [pii] AID - 10.1080/21645515.2017.1309486 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2017 Jul 3;13(7):1516-1522. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1309486. Epub 2017 May 8. PMID- 12951272 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20040220 LR - 20191210 IS - 0168-1702 (Print) IS - 0168-1702 (Linking) VI - 96 IP - 1-2 DP - 2003 Oct TI - Phylogenetic analysis of rubella virus including new genotype I isolates. PG - 123-8 AB - Infection during the first trimester of gestation with rubella virus (RV) is highly teratogenic. Embryopathy is a frequent outcome of the primary natural infection with wild type RV during pregnancy while accidental immunisation with life attenuated vaccine has apparently little or no adverse effect. Although the nucleic acid sequence of RV is exceptionally stable, differences between the vaccine and wild type viruses could play a role in the pathogenesis of intrauterine RV infection. Phylogenetic analysis of eight complete sequences (including two new isolates described in this paper, three vaccine strains, three cell culture adapted wild type viruses) confirms a striking low divergence of the RV genome. A variable region (amino acid residues 697-800) within the gene coding for the nonstructural protein NSP1 was defined. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a strong positive selection in this region. Multiple passages in vivo or in vitro did not account for this variability. As the function of the variable region has not yet been elucidated, reasons for and significance of positive selection are still speculative. It is conceivable that the variable region in NSP1 contributes to the molecular basis of RV embryopathy and other complications of postnatal RV infection. FAU - Hofmann, J AU - Hofmann J AD - Institute of Virology, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. FAU - Renz, M AU - Renz M FAU - Meyer, S AU - Meyer S FAU - von Haeseler, A AU - von Haeseler A FAU - Liebert, U G AU - Liebert UG LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - Netherlands TA - Virus Res JT - Virus research JID - 8410979 RN - 0 (Viral Nonstructural Proteins) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Chlorocebus aethiops MH - Genotype MH - Phylogeny MH - Rubella virus/*classification/*genetics/isolation & purification MH - Vero Cells MH - Viral Nonstructural Proteins/chemistry/genetics EDAT- 2003/09/03 05:00 MHDA- 2004/02/21 05:00 CRDT- 2003/09/03 05:00 PHST- 2003/09/03 05:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2004/02/21 05:00 [medline] PHST- 2003/09/03 05:00 [entrez] AID - S0168170203001801 [pii] AID - 10.1016/s0168-1702(03)00180-1 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Virus Res. 2003 Oct;96(1-2):123-8. doi: 10.1016/s0168-1702(03)00180-1. PMID- 19401615 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20090702 LR - 20090529 IS - 1423-0100 (Electronic) IS - 0300-5526 (Linking) VI - 52 IP - 2 DP - 2009 TI - Effects of E2 and E1 glycosylation on specific membrane fusion in rubella virus strain JR23. PG - 68-77 LID - 10.1159/000214861 [doi] AB - OBJECTIVES: To explore the effects of glycosylation in glycoprotein on membrane fusion in rubella virus strain JR23. METHODS: The N-linked glycosylation sites in glycoproteins were mutated individually or in combination. Total expression and cell surface expression efficiencies of mutant proteins were assayed with Western blot and FACS. The fusion functions were assayed with Giemsa staining and reporter gene method. Binding activity of mutant proteins was detected with hemadsorption assays. RESULTS: We observed that total expression levels of all the mutant proteins in cells were unchanged, but the cell surface expression efficiencies of all the mutant proteins except E2 S131V were lower than wild-type protein. When effects of reduced cell surface expression were eliminated, mutant proteins N53G, S73I, S131V and T78A had lower fusion activities than wild-type protein, and binding abilities of E2 S73I and E1 T78A decreased slightly. But in all the combined mutants, no cell fusion was detected, and only a minor hemadsorption was observed in N53G-S131V, N53G-T78A and N53G-T211A. CONCLUSIONS: Glycosylation of glycoproteins were involved in cell surface expression synergistically. Glycosylation on E2 N53, N71, N129 and E1 N76 altered the specific membrane fusion, whereas no effects were detected on E1 N177 and N209 individually. CI - Copyright (c) 2009 S. Karger AG, Basel. FAU - Wu, Bing AU - Wu B AD - Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xilu Road, Jinan, China. FAU - Liu, Xiaoli AU - Liu X FAU - Wang, Zhiyu AU - Wang Z LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20090428 PL - Switzerland TA - Intervirology JT - Intervirology JID - 0364265 RN - 0 (Viral Envelope Proteins) RN - 131016-01-8 (E1 envelope protein, Rubella virus) RN - 131016-03-0 (E2 envelope protein, Rubella virus) SB - IM MH - Amino Acid Substitution MH - Animals MH - Cell Line MH - Cricetinae MH - Glycosylation MH - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed MH - Rubella virus/*physiology MH - Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics/*metabolism MH - *Virus Attachment MH - *Virus Internalization EDAT- 2009/04/30 09:00 MHDA- 2009/07/03 09:00 CRDT- 2009/04/30 09:00 PHST- 2008/06/16 00:00 [received] PHST- 2009/02/24 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2009/04/30 09:00 [entrez] PHST- 2009/04/30 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2009/07/03 09:00 [medline] AID - 000214861 [pii] AID - 10.1159/000214861 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Intervirology. 2009;52(2):68-77. doi: 10.1159/000214861. Epub 2009 Apr 28. PMID- 17854033 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20071030 LR - 20070919 IS - 0146-6615 (Print) IS - 0146-6615 (Linking) VI - 79 IP - 11 DP - 2007 Nov TI - Microarray analyses of differentially expressed human genes and biological processes in ECV304 cells infected with rubella virus. PG - 1783-91 AB - Changes in mRNA expression levels of ECV304 cells infected with the wild-type rubella strain were analyzed using a microarray system representing 18,716 human genes. Four hundred eighty-seven genes exhibited differential expression levels; 456 of these genes were up-regulated while 31 genes were down-regulated. We identified 53 biological processes that were significantly relevant to the RV-infection. Among these biological processes, 52 were one-gene processes and one was a process involving five genes: IFNA21 (interferon, alpha 21), interferon stimulated exonuclease gene 20 kDa (ISG20), zinc finger protein 175 (ZNF175), tripartite motif-containing 22 (TRIM22), and MX2 [myxovirus (influenza virus) resistance 2 (mouse)]. Except for ZNF175, gene annotation indicated four of these genes encoded interferon or interferon-induced genes. These results suggest that genes relevant to interferon-regulated pathways may be involved in the pathogenesis of rubella. CI - (c) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. FAU - Mo, Xiao-yang AU - Mo XY AD - Center for Heart Development, Key Lab of National Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China. moxiaoyang@yahoo.com.cn FAU - Ma, Wenli AU - Ma W FAU - Zhang, Yali AU - Zhang Y FAU - Zhao, Haiquan AU - Zhao H FAU - Deng, Yun AU - Deng Y FAU - Yuan, Wuzhou AU - Yuan W FAU - Wang, Yuequn AU - Wang Y FAU - Li, Yongqin AU - Li Y FAU - Zhu, Chuanbing AU - Zhu C FAU - Liu, Mingyao AU - Liu M FAU - Wu, Xiushan AU - Wu X LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - United States TA - J Med Virol JT - Journal of medical virology JID - 7705876 RN - 0 (Proteins) SB - IM MH - Cell Line MH - Endothelial Cells/*virology MH - Endothelium, Vascular/cytology MH - Gene Expression Profiling MH - *Gene Expression Regulation MH - Humans MH - Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis/*methods MH - Proteins/genetics/*metabolism MH - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction MH - Rubella virus/*pathogenicity MH - Umbilical Veins EDAT- 2007/09/15 09:00 MHDA- 2007/10/31 09:00 CRDT- 2007/09/15 09:00 PHST- 2007/09/15 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2007/10/31 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2007/09/15 09:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1002/jmv.20942 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Med Virol. 2007 Nov;79(11):1783-91. doi: 10.1002/jmv.20942. PMID- 15650783 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20060808 LR - 20091119 IS - 1003-9279 (Print) IS - 1003-9279 (Linking) VI - 18 IP - 4 DP - 2004 Dec TI - [Molecular epidemiological study on rubella virus]. PG - 337-40 AB - OBJECTIVE: To understand the hereditary and variant characteristics of rubella virus(RV), especially the strains isolated from China, investigating the epidemical trend and variation principle of RV. METHODS: The envelope glycoprotein E1 gene was amplified from rubella virus by RT-PCR. After sequencing, the gene sequence was handled by the software DNASTAR and the phylogenetic tree was drawn to analyze the molecular epidemiological characteristics of RV. RESULTS: The sequence of RV strain JR23 was sequenced, the phylogenetic tree was drawn taking 30 strains isolated at different times and locations in GenBank, including three strains from China as reference. The regions that encode the peptides which react with the HI antibody and the neutralization antibody were compared to show if there was any amino acid mutation in the sequence. (1) In general, the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of RV were highly conserved. The four strains isolated from China had relatively large variations. Strain 379 and strain BRD constituted genotype II, which is different from the other 29 strains. Further study is needed to understand their heritable resources and biological characteristics. (2) Strain JR23 showed little difference from the strains that were epidemic during 1960s in UK, USA and Japan, so maybe it is the derivative strain of that in epidemic 1960s. But the accurate epidemic time is not known. CONCLUSION: There are differences among areas and time in epidemics of rubella. The mobility and the region difference seem to be the key factors that affect the epidemic characteristics of RV. FAU - Xue, Yong-lei AU - Xue YL AD - Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China. FAU - Wang, Zhi-yu AU - Wang ZY FAU - Wang, Xiao-fan AU - Wang XF LA - chi PT - Comparative Study PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - China TA - Zhonghua Shi Yan He Lin Chuang Bing Du Xue Za Zhi JT - Zhonghua shi yan he lin chuang bing du xue za zhi = Zhonghua shiyan he linchuang bingduxue zazhi = Chinese journal of experimental and clinical virology JID - 9602873 RN - 0 (Viral Envelope Proteins) RN - 131016-01-8 (E1 envelope protein, Rubella virus) SB - IM MH - Amino Acid Sequence MH - Amino Acid Substitution MH - Base Sequence MH - China/epidemiology MH - Genotype MH - Molecular Epidemiology MH - Mutation MH - Phylogeny MH - Rubella/epidemiology/*virology MH - Rubella virus/classification/*genetics MH - Sequence Analysis, Protein MH - Sequence Homology MH - Viral Envelope Proteins/*genetics EDAT- 2005/01/15 09:00 MHDA- 2006/08/09 09:00 CRDT- 2005/01/15 09:00 PHST- 2005/01/15 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2006/08/09 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2005/01/15 09:00 [entrez] PST - ppublish SO - Zhonghua Shi Yan He Lin Chuang Bing Du Xue Za Zhi. 2004 Dec;18(4):337-40. PMID- 21915881 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20120110 LR - 20110914 IS - 1096-9071 (Electronic) IS - 0146-6615 (Linking) VI - 83 IP - 11 DP - 2011 Nov TI - Isolation and genotyping of rubella virus from a case of congenital infection in Brazil. PG - 2048-50 LID - 10.1002/jmv.22210 [doi] AB - The incidence of CRS and CRI has decreased markedly worldwide with the implementation of efficient vaccination programs. We report a congenital rubella case with fetal death occurred at 29th week of gestation. RV was confirmed in placenta. The results of phylogenetic analysis showed that the RVs/SaoPaulo01.- BRA/08.CRI belongs to the genotype 2B of RV. CI - Copyright © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc. FAU - Andrade, J Q AU - Andrade JQ AD - Sao Paulo University School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil. joelma.queiroz@uol.com.br FAU - Figueiredo, C A AU - Figueiredo CA FAU - Oliveira, M I AU - Oliveira MI FAU - Carvalho, M H B AU - Carvalho MH FAU - Schultz, R AU - Schultz R FAU - Zugaib, M AU - Zugaib M LA - eng SI - GENBANK/GU968186 PT - Case Reports PT - Journal Article PL - United States TA - J Med Virol JT - Journal of medical virology JID - 7705876 RN - 0 (RNA, Viral) SB - IM MH - Brazil MH - Cluster Analysis MH - Fatal Outcome MH - Female MH - Genotype MH - Humans MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - Phylogeny MH - Pregnancy MH - RNA, Viral/genetics MH - Rubella/*congenital/*virology MH - Rubella virus/classification/*genetics/*isolation & purification MH - Sequence Analysis, DNA MH - Young Adult EDAT- 2011/09/15 06:00 MHDA- 2012/01/11 06:00 CRDT- 2011/09/15 06:00 PHST- 2011/09/15 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2011/09/15 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2012/01/11 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.1002/jmv.22210 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Med Virol. 2011 Nov;83(11):2048-50. doi: 10.1002/jmv.22210. PMID- 12185266 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20020927 LR - 20200219 IS - 0022-1317 (Print) IS - 0022-1317 (Linking) VI - 83 IP - Pt 9 DP - 2002 Sep TI - Apoptosis induction by the Therien and vaccine RA27/3 strains of rubella virus causes depletion of oligodendrocytes from rat neural cell cultures. PG - 2135-2143 LID - 10.1099/0022-1317-83-9-2135 [doi] AB - The induction of cell death by the Therien strain of rubella virus (RVT), and the vaccine RA27/3 strain, was investigated in mixed glial cell cultures derived from the rat CNS. Cell death induction in Vero and rat glial cells by RVT and RA27/3 was dependent on virus replication. In both cell types and for both virus strains, cell death induction had the hallmarks of apoptosis, as detected by DNA laddering, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labelling staining and Annexin V staining. For rat mixed glial cells, the depletion of oligodendrocytes was due to the induction of apoptosis for both virus strains. The induction of apoptosis in H358a cells, which carry a homozygous deletion of the p53 gene, indicated that a p53-independent pathway can be involved. The induction of cell death by RVT and RA27/3 in Vero and rat glial cells was associated with caspase-3 activity. It is concluded that rubella virus (RV) induces apoptosis in oligodendrocytes in rat glial cell cultures by a caspase-dependent pathway and that similar mechanisms occur for both the RVT laboratory strain and the vaccine RA27/3 strain. The tropism of both strains of RV for oligodendrocytes and the induction of apoptosis in such cells may have important implications for the mechanism of virus neuropathogenesis. FAU - Domegan, Lisa M AU - Domegan LM AD - Department of Microbiology, Moyne Institute of Preventive Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland1. FAU - Atkins, Gregory J AU - Atkins GJ AD - Department of Microbiology, Moyne Institute of Preventive Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland1. LA - eng PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - England TA - J Gen Virol JT - The Journal of general virology JID - 0077340 SB - IM MH - Animals MH - *Apoptosis MH - Cell Count MH - Cells, Cultured MH - Chlorocebus aethiops MH - Gene Deletion MH - Genes, p53 MH - Humans MH - Neuroglia/virology MH - Oligodendroglia/pathology/*virology MH - Rats MH - Rubella virus/genetics/*physiology MH - Vero Cells EDAT- 2002/08/20 10:00 MHDA- 2002/09/28 04:00 CRDT- 2002/08/20 10:00 PHST- 2002/08/20 10:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2002/09/28 04:00 [medline] PHST- 2002/08/20 10:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1099/0022-1317-83-9-2135 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Gen Virol. 2002 Sep;83(Pt 9):2135-2143. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-83-9-2135. PMID- 11536329 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20011025 LR - 20121115 IS - 0360-4012 (Print) IS - 0360-4012 (Linking) VI - 65 IP - 5 DP - 2001 Sep 1 TI - Antibodies directed against rubella virus induce demyelination in aggregating rat brain cell cultures. PG - 446-54 AB - To link the presence of intrathecal virus-specific oligoclonal immunoglobulin G (IgG) in multiple sclerosis patients to a demyelinating activity, aggregating rat brain cell cultures were treated with antibodies directed against two viruses, namely, rubella (RV) and hepatitis B (HB). Anti-RV antibodies in the presence of complement decreased myelin basic protein concentrations in a dose-dependent manner, whereas anti-HB antibodies had no effect. A similar but less pronounced effect was observed on the enzymatic activity of 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphohydrolase, which is enriched in noncompact membranes of oligodendrocytes. These effects were comparable to those in cultures treated with antibodies directed against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), previously found to be myelinotoxic both in vitro and in vivo. Sequence homologies were found between structural glycoprotein E(2) of RV and MOG, suggesting that demyelination was due to molecular mimicry. To support the hypothesis that demyelination was caused by anti-RV IgG that recognized an MOG epitope, we found that anti-RV antibodies depleted MOG in a dose-dependent manner. Further evidence came from the demonstration that anti-RV and anti-MOG IgG colocalized on oligodendrocyte processes and that both revealed by Western blot a 28 kDa protein in CNS myelin, a molecular weight corresponding to MOG. These findings suggest that a virus such as RV exhibiting molecular mimicry with MOG can trigger an autoimmune demyelination. CI - Copyright 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. FAU - Besson Duvanel, C AU - Besson Duvanel C AD - Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland. FAU - Honegger, P AU - Honegger P FAU - Matthieu, J M AU - Matthieu JM LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - United States TA - J Neurosci Res JT - Journal of neuroscience research JID - 7600111 RN - 0 (Antibodies) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin G) RN - 0 (Mog protein, rat) RN - 0 (Myelin Proteins) RN - 0 (Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein) RN - 0 (Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein) RN - 0 (Viral Envelope Proteins) RN - 131016-03-0 (E2 envelope protein, Rubella virus) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Antibodies/immunology/*pharmacology MH - Antibody Specificity/immunology MH - Astrocytes/cytology/drug effects/immunology MH - Brain/drug effects/immunology/virology MH - Cell Aggregation/immunology MH - Cells, Cultured/*drug effects/immunology/virology MH - Cross Reactions/immunology MH - Fetus MH - Immunoglobulin G/immunology MH - Immunohistochemistry MH - Multiple Sclerosis/immunology/physiopathology/*virology MH - Myelin Proteins MH - Myelin Sheath/*drug effects/immunology/virology MH - Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein/deficiency/*immunology MH - Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein MH - Neurons/cytology/drug effects/immunology MH - Oligodendroglia/cytology/drug effects/immunology MH - Rats MH - Rubella virus/*immunology/metabolism/pathogenicity MH - Viral Envelope Proteins/*immunology/metabolism EDAT- 2001/09/06 10:00 MHDA- 2001/10/26 10:01 CRDT- 2001/09/06 10:00 PHST- 2001/09/06 10:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2001/10/26 10:01 [medline] PHST- 2001/09/06 10:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1002/jnr.1173 [pii] AID - 10.1002/jnr.1173 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Neurosci Res. 2001 Sep 1;65(5):446-54. doi: 10.1002/jnr.1173. PMID- 10891421 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20000811 LR - 20191210 IS - 0042-6822 (Print) IS - 0042-6822 (Linking) VI - 273 IP - 1 DP - 2000 Jul 20 TI - Infectious cDNA clone of the RA27/3 vaccine strain of Rubella virus. PG - 189-97 AB - Rubella virus (RUB), a small plus-strand RNA virus, is a significant human pathogen. The RA27/3 vaccine strain of RUB is one of the most successful live attenuated vaccines developed. In this article, we report the construction of an RA27/3 infectious clone, a complete cDNA copy of the RA27/3 genome that can be transcribed in vitro to generate infectious RNA molecules. Virus generated from such in vitro transcripts was phenotypically similar to RA27/3 virus. To investigate the attenuation of the RA27/3 strain, a series of chimeras was made by the insertion of different fragments of the RA27/3 genome into an infectious clone based on the Therien wild-type strain of RUB. Analysis of the resulting chimeric viruses revealed that the pattern of RA27/3 attenuation in cell culture is complex: attenuating elements in the RA27/3 genome were found in the 5' untranslated region (UTR), a region of the nonstructural proteins containing the protease motif and the capsid gene. Within the 5' UTR, the attenuation determinant was mapped to nt 7. Surprisingly, these analyses also revealed a potentiating mutation at nt 164 of the RA27/3 genome. Although this determinant was within the coding sequences of the nonstructural proteins, the encoded amino acid had no effect on cell culture phenotype and thus the determinant may operate at the level of RNA structure. In addition to investigation of the mechanisms of RA27/3 attenuation, the availability of the RA27/3 infectious clone offers the opportunity for strict genetic control over RUB vaccine manufacturing, for development of novel DNA-based vaccines against RUB, and for development of recombinant RUB vaccines that also target other diseases. CI - Copyright 2000 Academic Press. FAU - Pugachev, K V AU - Pugachev KV AD - Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, 30303, USA. FAU - Galinski, M S AU - Galinski MS FAU - Frey, T K AU - Frey TK LA - eng GR - AI21389/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. PL - United States TA - Virology JT - Virology JID - 0110674 RN - 0 (5' Untranslated Regions) RN - 0 (DNA, Complementary) RN - 0 (DNA, Recombinant) RN - 0 (DNA, Viral) RN - 0 (RNA, Viral) RN - 0 (Rubella Vaccine) RN - 0 (Vaccines, Attenuated) RN - 0 (Vaccines, Synthetic) RN - 0 (Viral Proteins) SB - IM MH - 5' Untranslated Regions/genetics MH - Animals MH - Chlorocebus aethiops MH - *Cloning, Molecular MH - DNA, Complementary/genetics MH - DNA, Recombinant/genetics MH - DNA, Viral/genetics MH - Genes, Viral/genetics MH - Genome, Viral MH - Point Mutation/genetics MH - RNA, Viral/biosynthesis MH - Rubella Vaccine/*genetics MH - Rubella virus/classification/*genetics/*pathogenicity/physiology MH - Transfection MH - Vaccines, Attenuated/genetics MH - Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics MH - Vero Cells MH - Viral Proteins/biosynthesis MH - Virus Replication EDAT- 2000/07/13 11:00 MHDA- 2000/08/19 11:00 CRDT- 2000/07/13 11:00 PHST- 2000/07/13 11:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2000/08/19 11:00 [medline] PHST- 2000/07/13 11:00 [entrez] AID - S0042-6822(00)90408-2 [pii] AID - 10.1006/viro.2000.0408 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Virology. 2000 Jul 20;273(1):189-97. doi: 10.1006/viro.2000.0408. PMID- 12411033 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20160423 LR - 20181130 IS - 0529-567X (Print) IS - 0529-567X (Linking) VI - 37 IP - 7 DP - 2002 Jul TI - A study of rubella virus infection during pregnancy. PG - 391-4 AB - OBJECTIVE: To investigate the status of rubella virus (RV) infection in pregnant women and evaluate the effect on fetus of RV infection during pregnancy. METHODS: Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the RV specific IgG and IgM antibodies in 1 471 serum samples of pregnant women, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was employed to detect RV RNA in placental and fetal tissues obtained after termination of pregnancy, tissue samples of 3 dead fetus or artificial labor fetus were also made into tissue slices and observed by electron microscope. RESULTS: RV IgG was detected positive in 76.1% of cases (1 119/1 471) and 7.4% of cases (109/1 471) were RV IgM-positive, 14.1% (208/1 471) of cases were found to be double-negative of RV IgG and IgM while 2.4% of cases (35/1 471) were RV double-positive of IgG and IgM. Among seven follow-up pregnant women, two cases developed fetal death and one woman received labor induction voluntarily. Rubella virus particles were detected in myocardial cells of 1 induced fetus. In addition, RV particles were also detected in placenta, myocardium, liver and brain in 2 dead fetus. CONCLUSIONS: A part of the population under study was susceptive to RV and about 7.0% was infected by RV during pregnancy. Among these infected women, intrauterine infection may have occurred and caused varied degree of hurt to fetus or resulted in serious congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). These findings suggest that RV IgG and IgM should be monitored repeatedly during pregnancy in order to prevent the development of CRS and assure aristogenesis. FAU - Zheng, Feiyun AU - Zheng F AD - Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou 325003, China. FAU - Du, Jimei AU - Du J FAU - Hu, Yan AU - Hu Y LA - eng PT - Journal Article PL - China TA - Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi JT - Zhonghua fu chan ke za zhi JID - 16210370R RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin M) SB - IM MH - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay MH - Female MH - Fetal Death MH - Fetus MH - Humans MH - Immunoglobulin M/blood MH - Pregnancy MH - Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/diagnosis MH - *Rubella MH - *Rubella virus EDAT- 2002/11/02 04:00 MHDA- 2016/04/24 06:00 CRDT- 2002/11/02 04:00 PHST- 2002/11/02 04:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2016/04/24 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2002/11/02 04:00 [entrez] PST - ppublish SO - Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi. 2002 Jul;37(7):391-4. PMID- 17867721 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20071219 LR - 20181113 IS - 0114-5916 (Print) IS - 0114-5916 (Linking) VI - 30 IP - 10 DP - 2007 TI - A case study of a graphical misrepresentation: drawing the wrong conclusions about the measles, mumps and rubella virus vaccine. PG - 831-6 AB - Graphs have been used in attempts to show a relationship between the measles, mumps and rubella virus (MMR) vaccine and autism. We examine the topic of graphical representation of data in general, and one of these graphs in particular: the one that appeared in a 1999 letter to The Lancet. That graph combined data from England and from California, USA. The author alleged that this graph illustrated a rise in autism rates linked to the use of the MMR vaccine. By examining the presentation closely, we are able to show how this graph misrepresented the data used. We give advice for both authors and publishers in the use of such graphical treatments of data. FAU - Cox, Anthony R AU - Cox AR AD - West Midlands Centre for Adverse Drug Reactions, City Hospital, Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, Birmingham, England. a.r.cox@aston.ac.uk FAU - Kirkham, Harold AU - Kirkham H LA - eng PT - Journal Article PL - New Zealand TA - Drug Saf JT - Drug safety JID - 9002928 RN - 0 (Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine) SB - IM MH - Autistic Disorder/epidemiology/*etiology MH - *Computer Graphics MH - England/epidemiology MH - Humans MH - Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine/*adverse effects MH - *Research Design MH - United States/epidemiology EDAT- 2007/09/18 09:00 MHDA- 2007/12/20 09:00 CRDT- 2007/09/18 09:00 PHST- 2007/09/18 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2007/12/20 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2007/09/18 09:00 [entrez] AID - 30102 [pii] AID - 10.2165/00002018-200730100-00002 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Drug Saf. 2007;30(10):831-6. doi: 10.2165/00002018-200730100-00002. PMID- 26665951 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20160122 LR - 20181202 IS - 1671-7104 (Print) IS - 1671-7104 (Linking) VI - 39 IP - 4 DP - 2015 Jul TI - [The Quality Analysis of National Supervising Sampling for Rubella Virus IgM Diagnostic Kits in 2014]. PG - 282-4 AB - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the quality status of rubella virus IgM diagnostic kits by national supervising sampling. METHODS: Using legal inspection combining with exploratory study, the positive and negative coincidence rate, detection limit and repeatability of kits were verified. RESULTS: The results showed that 15 of 16 batches of kits were qualified using legal inspection, and the passing rate was 93.8%. The unqualified item was negative coincidence rate. In exploratory study, only 11 batches (68.8%) complied with industry standard. The unqualified items were negative coincidence rate, detection limit and repeatability. CONCLUSION: At present, rubella virus IgM diagnostic Kits have some quality problems in the market. It is recommended that we adopt industry standard and national reference panel in the registration inspection for the future, which will prompt enterprises to improve quality. FAU - Yu, Tina AU - Yu T FAU - Qu, Shoufang AU - Qu S FAU - Zhang, Xiaoyan AU - Zhang X FAU - Sun, Nan AU - Sun N FAU - Gao, Shangxian AU - Gao S FAU - Li, Haining AU - Li H FAU - Huang, Jie AU - Huang J LA - chi PT - Journal Article PL - China TA - Zhongguo Yi Liao Qi Xie Za Zhi JT - Zhongguo yi liao qi xie za zhi = Chinese journal of medical instrumentation JID - 9426153 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin M) RN - 0 (Reagent Kits, Diagnostic) RN - 0 (rubella antibodies) SB - IM MH - Antibodies, Viral MH - Humans MH - Immunoglobulin M MH - Quality Control MH - Reagent Kits, Diagnostic/*standards MH - Rubella/*diagnosis MH - Rubella virus EDAT- 2015/12/17 06:00 MHDA- 2016/01/23 06:00 CRDT- 2015/12/16 06:00 PHST- 2015/12/16 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2015/12/17 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2016/01/23 06:00 [medline] PST - ppublish SO - Zhongguo Yi Liao Qi Xie Za Zhi. 2015 Jul;39(4):282-4. PMID- 27523613 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20191120 IS - 1873-5967 (Electronic) IS - 1386-6532 (Linking) VI - 82 DP - 2016 Sep TI - Corrigendum to "Evaluation of sensitivity of TaqMan RT-PCR for rubella virus detection in clinical specimens" [J. Clin. Virol. 80 (2016) 98-101]. PG - 184-185 LID - S1386-6532(16)30166-4 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.jcv.2016.06.019 [doi] FAU - Okamoto, Kiyoko AU - Okamoto K AD - Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan. FAU - Mori, Yoshio AU - Mori Y AD - Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan. Electronic address: yoshiom@nih.go.jp. FAU - Komagome, Rika AU - Komagome R AD - Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan. FAU - Nagano, Hideki AU - Nagano H AD - Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan. FAU - Miyoshi, Masahiro AU - Miyoshi M AD - Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan. FAU - Okano, Motohiko AU - Okano M AD - Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan. FAU - Aoki, Yoko AU - Aoki Y AD - Yamagata Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Yamagata 990-0031, Japan. FAU - Ogura, Atsushi AU - Ogura A AD - Chiba Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Chiba 260-8715, Japan. FAU - Hotta, Chiemi AU - Hotta C AD - Chiba Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Chiba 260-8715, Japan. FAU - Ogawa, Tomoko AU - Ogawa T AD - Chiba Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Chiba 260-8715, Japan. FAU - Saikusa, Miwako AU - Saikusa M AD - Yokohama City Institute of Public Health, Yokohama 236-0051, Japan. FAU - Kodama, Hiroe AU - Kodama H AD - Ishikawa Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Science, Ishikawa 920-1154, Japan. FAU - Yasui, Yoshihiro AU - Yasui Y AD - Aichi Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Aichi 462-8576, Japan. FAU - Minagawa, Hiroko AU - Minagawa H AD - Aichi Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Aichi 462-8576, Japan. FAU - Kurata, Takako AU - Kurata T AD - Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Osaka 537-0025, Japan. FAU - Kanbayashi, Daiki AU - Kanbayashi D AD - Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Osaka 537-0025, Japan. FAU - Kase, Tetsuo AU - Kase T AD - Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Osaka 537-0025, Japan. FAU - Murata, Sachiko AU - Murata S AD - Yamaguchi Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environment, Yamaguchi 753-0821, Japan. FAU - Shirabe, Komei AU - Shirabe K AD - Yamaguchi Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environment, Yamaguchi 753-0821, Japan. FAU - Hamasaki, Mitsuhiro AU - Hamasaki M AD - Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences, Fukuoka 818-0135, Japan. FAU - Kato, Takashi AU - Kato T AD - Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, Okinawa 901-1202, Japan. FAU - Otsuki, Noriyuki AU - Otsuki N AD - Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan. FAU - Sakata, Masafumi AU - Sakata M AD - Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan. FAU - Komase, Katsuhiro AU - Komase K AD - Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan. FAU - Takeda, Makoto AU - Takeda M AD - Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Published Erratum DEP - 20160716 PL - Netherlands TA - J Clin Virol JT - Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology JID - 9815671 EFR - J Clin Virol. 2016 Jul;80:98-101. PMID: 27243209 EDAT- 2016/08/16 06:00 MHDA- 2016/08/16 06:01 CRDT- 2016/08/16 06:00 PHST- 2016/08/16 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2016/08/16 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2016/08/16 06:00 [entrez] AID - S1386-6532(16)30166-4 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.jcv.2016.06.019 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Clin Virol. 2016 Sep;82:184-185. doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2016.06.019. Epub 2016 Jul 16. PMID- 27264135 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE DCOM- 20160829 LR - 20160606 IS - 1300-7777 (Print) IS - 1300-7777 (Linking) VI - 28 IP - 2 DP - 2011 Jun 5 TI - Hematogones in the bone marrow of a child with Rubella virus-associated immune thrombocytopenic purpura concomitant with iron deficiency anemia. PG - 155-7 LID - 10.5152/tjh.2011.37 [doi] FAU - Barlık, Faruk AU - Barlık F FAU - Özyürek, Emel AU - Özyürek E AD - Department of Pediatrics, Hematology Section, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey Phone: +90 362 312 19 19-3757 E-mail: heozyurek@yahoo.com. FAU - Duru, Feride AU - Duru F LA - eng PT - Journal Article TT - Demir eksikliği anemisine eşlik eden Rubella virüsüne bağlı immune trombositopenik purpuralı bir çocuğun kemik iliğindeki hematogonlar. PL - Turkey TA - Turk J Haematol JT - Turkish journal of haematology : official journal of Turkish Society of Haematology JID - 9606065 EDAT- 2011/06/05 00:00 MHDA- 2011/06/05 00:01 CRDT- 2016/06/07 06:00 PHST- 2016/06/07 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2011/06/05 00:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2011/06/05 00:01 [medline] AID - 10.5152/tjh.2011.37 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Turk J Haematol. 2011 Jun 5;28(2):155-7. doi: 10.5152/tjh.2011.37. PMID- 16148178 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20051025 LR - 20181113 IS - 1071-412X (Print) IS - 1098-6588 (Electronic) IS - 1071-412X (Linking) VI - 12 IP - 9 DP - 2005 Sep TI - Evaluation of three immunoassays used for detection of anti-rubella virus immunoglobulin M antibodies. PG - 1104-8 AB - Three automated assays (Abbott AxSYM, Bayer ADVIA Centaur, and bioMerieux VIDAS) used for the detection of rubella virus-specific immunoglobulin M were evaluated. A total of 57 samples from individuals with evidence of infection with rubella virus were used to estimate sensitivity, and 220 samples from blood donors and individuals attending an antenatal clinic who had no evidence of recent infection were used to estimate specificity. Seroconversion panels comprising an additional 31 samples from four individuals were used to determine clinical sensitivity. Samples containing potentially cross-reacting substances were also tested. The sensitivities of the three assays ranged from 84.2 to 96.5%, and the specificities ranged from 96.8 to 99.9%. The Abbott AxSYM assay detected more reactive samples than the other two assays when a panel of 57 positive samples was tested. Bayer ADVIA Centaur detected more reactive samples in the seroconversion panels than the other two assays. All three assays evaluated reported a reactive result in 1 or more of the 48 samples containing potentially cross-reacting analytes. The assays demonstrated comparable performance in testing of a well-characterized panel of samples. FAU - Dimech, Wayne AU - Dimech W AD - National Seratology Reference Laboratory, 41 Victoria Parade, Fitzroy 3065, Australia. wayne@nrl.gov.au FAU - Panagiotopoulos, Lena AU - Panagiotopoulos L FAU - Marler, Joan AU - Marler J FAU - Laven, Nicolas AU - Laven N FAU - Leeson, Susan AU - Leeson S FAU - Dax, Elizabeth M AU - Dax EM LA - eng PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't TA - Clin Diagn Lab Immunol JT - Clinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology JID - 9421292 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin M) RN - 0 (Reagent Kits, Diagnostic) RN - 0 (rubella antibodies) SB - IM MH - Antibodies, Viral/analysis/*blood MH - Antibody Specificity MH - Cross Reactions MH - Evaluation Studies as Topic MH - Humans MH - Immunoassay/*methods MH - Immunoglobulin M/analysis/*blood MH - In Vitro Techniques MH - Reagent Kits, Diagnostic MH - Rubella/*diagnosis/*immunology MH - Sensitivity and Specificity PMC - PMC1235794 EDAT- 2005/09/09 09:00 MHDA- 2005/10/26 09:00 CRDT- 2005/09/09 09:00 PHST- 2005/09/09 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2005/10/26 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2005/09/09 09:00 [entrez] AID - 12/9/1104 [pii] AID - 0105-05 [pii] AID - 10.1128/CDLI.12.9.1104-1108.2005 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2005 Sep;12(9):1104-8. doi: 10.1128/CDLI.12.9.1104-1108.2005. PMID- 11063507 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20010308 LR - 20210526 IS - 1071-412X (Print) IS - 1098-6588 (Electronic) IS - 1071-412X (Linking) VI - 7 IP - 6 DP - 2000 Nov TI - Evaluation of antibodies against a rubella virus neutralizing domain for determination of immune status. PG - 964-6 AB - The protective immune responses against rubella virus (RV) are related to its neutralizing epitopes, an issue that is important to consider when assessing the immune status of patients with remote infection. In the present paper, we compare the antibodies detected by a synthetic-peptide-based enzyme immunoassay (EIA) with antibodies detected by the traditional technique of hemagglutination inhibition (HIA) in patients with remote RV infection. The synthetic peptide used as an antigen (SP15) represents a neutralizing epitope that corresponds to amino acids 208 to 239 of the E1 glycoprotein. The SP15-EIA was developed, all variables that affected the assay were standardized, and the test was validated using reference sera. Serum samples (n = 129) from patients with remote RV infection were tested by HIA and SP15-EIA. Discrepant sera were assayed by MEIA (IMX/Abbot). The comparison between HIA and SP15-EIA, taking HIA as the standard methodology for determining immune status, showed that SP15-EIA is very specific and sensitive for detecting protecting antibodies (specificity, 100%; sensitivity, 98.20%). This study demonstrates that antibodies against the neutralizing domain represented by SP15 would be important in the memory response after natural infection and may be a good tool in the determination of the true immune status of patients with remote infection with regard to RV. FAU - Cordoba, P AU - Cordoba P AD - Instituto de Virologia, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina. paticor@infovia.com.ar FAU - Lanoel, A AU - Lanoel A FAU - Grutadauria, S AU - Grutadauria S FAU - Zapata, M AU - Zapata M LA - eng PT - Comparative Study PT - Evaluation Study PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't TA - Clin Diagn Lab Immunol JT - Clinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology JID - 9421292 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Epitopes) RN - 0 (Rubella Vaccine) RN - 0 (Viral Envelope Proteins) RN - 131016-01-8 (E1 envelope protein, Rubella virus) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - *Antibodies, Viral MH - Epitopes MH - Female MH - Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests MH - Humans MH - Immunoenzyme Techniques MH - Neutralization Tests MH - Protein Structure, Tertiary MH - Rubella/immunology/prevention & control MH - Rubella Vaccine/therapeutic use MH - Rubella virus/*immunology MH - Viral Envelope Proteins PMC - PMC95994 EDAT- 2000/11/04 11:00 MHDA- 2001/03/10 10:01 CRDT- 2000/11/04 11:00 PHST- 2000/11/04 11:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2001/03/10 10:01 [medline] PHST- 2000/11/04 11:00 [entrez] AID - 0011 [pii] AID - 10.1128/CDLI.7.6.964-966.2000 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2000 Nov;7(6):964-6. doi: 10.1128/CDLI.7.6.964-966.2000. PMID- 10623741 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20000208 LR - 20191210 IS - 0022-538X (Print) IS - 1098-5514 (Electronic) IS - 0022-538X (Linking) VI - 74 IP - 2 DP - 2000 Jan TI - Mapping of genetic determinants of rubella virus associated with growth in joint tissue. PG - 796-804 AB - Rubella virus (RV) strains vary in their abilities to replicate and persist in cell cultures derived from human joint tissue (synovial cells [SC]), and this arthrotropism appears to be linked to their association with joint symptoms in vivo. In order to map the genetic determinants of arthrotropism, an infectious clone of the Cendehill vaccine strain of RV was constructed, as well as two chimeric clones containing cDNAs from both Cendehill and Therien (wild-type) strains. Replacement of the entire structural gene region of Therien in the infectious clone pROBO302 with the corresponding region of Cendehill did not affect growth in SC. A further observation that Cendehill bound equally well to SC and the permissive Vero cell line indicated that restriction was not at the level of receptor binding, a function of the envelope proteins. Mutations that affected growth in joint cells were mapped to two locations in the nonstructural gene region. The first of these (nucleotides 2803 and 6416) resulted in a 10-fold decrease in yield of progeny virus from SC. This region contained five mutations, at nucleotides 2829, 3060, 3164, and 3528 (near the carboxy terminus of P150 where the protease domain is located) and at nucleotide 4350 in p90. Further substitution of the sequence representing nucleotides 1 to 2803 to give a complete Cendehill infectious clone restricted growth in SC by a further 100-fold to less than 10 PFU/ml. This region contains three mutations, at nucleotides 34, 37, and 55, within the 5' stem-loop structure. In conclusion, the Cendehill-specific mutations believed to be determinants of joint cell growth are located in two regions, the 5' nontranslated region and in a sequence that encodes the carboxy-terminal region of p150 extending into the helicase domain of p90. FAU - Lund, K D AU - Lund KD AD - Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. FAU - Chantler, J K AU - Chantler JK LA - eng SI - GENBANK/AF188704 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't TA - J Virol JT - Journal of virology JID - 0113724 RN - 0 (DNA, Viral) RN - 0 (RNA, Viral) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Base Sequence MH - Cell Line MH - Chlorocebus aethiops MH - Chromosome Mapping MH - Cricetinae MH - DNA, Viral MH - Electroporation MH - Humans MH - Knee Joint MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - Nucleic Acid Conformation MH - RNA, Viral MH - Recombination, Genetic MH - Rubella virus/*genetics/*growth & development MH - Synovial Membrane/cytology/*virology MH - Vero Cells PMC - PMC111599 EDAT- 2000/01/07 00:00 MHDA- 2000/01/07 00:01 CRDT- 2000/01/07 00:00 PHST- 2000/01/07 00:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2000/01/07 00:01 [medline] PHST- 2000/01/07 00:00 [entrez] AID - 1014 [pii] AID - 10.1128/jvi.74.2.796-804.2000 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Virol. 2000 Jan;74(2):796-804. doi: 10.1128/jvi.74.2.796-804.2000. PMID- 15695695 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20050620 LR - 20191210 IS - 0095-1137 (Print) IS - 1098-660X (Electronic) IS - 0095-1137 (Linking) VI - 43 IP - 2 DP - 2005 Feb TI - Novel replicon-based reporter gene assay for detection of rubella virus in clinical specimens. PG - 879-85 AB - Proof of concept for a novel diagnostic assay for rubella virus (RUB) based on RUB replicons expressing reporter genes was demonstrated. RUB replicons have the structural protein coding region replaced with a reporter gene such as green fluorescent protein or chloramphenicol acetyltransferase. Previously, it was shown that a replicon construct with a specific in-frame deletion in the nonstructural protein coding region (NotI, approximately nucleotides 1500 to 2100 of the genome) failed to replicate and express the reporter gene unless rescued by a coinfecting wild-type helper RUB (W.-P. Tzeng et al., Virology 289:63-73, 2001). In the present study, it was found that rescue of reporter gene expression by NotI replicons occurred when coinfection was done with clinical specimens containing RUB, indicating that this system could be the basis for a diagnostic assay. The assay was sensitive, using laboratory RUB strains and as low a dose as one plaque-forming unit. The assay was specific in that it was positive for RUB strains of both genotypes and was negative for a panel of human viruses. It was also possible to genetically sequence the RUB present in positive clinical specimens detected in the assay for genotypic strain determination. FAU - Tzeng, Wen-Pin AU - Tzeng WP AD - Department of Biology, Georgia State University, 24 Peachtree Center Ave., Atlanta, GA 30303, USA. FAU - Zhou, Yumei AU - Zhou Y FAU - Icenogle, Joseph AU - Icenogle J FAU - Frey, Teryl K AU - Frey TK LA - eng GR - R01 AI021389/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States GR - AI21389/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States PT - Evaluation Study PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. TA - J Clin Microbiol JT - Journal of clinical microbiology JID - 7505564 RN - 147336-22-9 (Green Fluorescent Proteins) RN - EC 2.3.1.28 (Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase) RN - EC 3.1.21.4 (Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific) RN - EC 3.1.21.4 (GCGGCCGC-specific type II deoxyribonucleases) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase/genetics/metabolism MH - Chlorocebus aethiops MH - Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific/genetics MH - Gene Deletion MH - *Genes, Reporter MH - Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics/metabolism MH - Humans MH - Replicon/*genetics MH - Rubella/*diagnosis/virology MH - Rubella virus/genetics/*isolation & purification/metabolism MH - Vero Cells PMC - PMC548122 EDAT- 2005/02/08 09:00 MHDA- 2005/06/21 09:00 CRDT- 2005/02/08 09:00 PHST- 2005/02/08 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2005/06/21 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2005/02/08 09:00 [entrez] AID - 43/2/879 [pii] AID - 1895-03 [pii] AID - 10.1128/JCM.43.2.879-885.2005 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Clin Microbiol. 2005 Feb;43(2):879-85. doi: 10.1128/JCM.43.2.879-885.2005. PMID- 18799353 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20090106 LR - 20081022 IS - 1386-6532 (Print) IS - 1386-6532 (Linking) VI - 43 IP - 3 DP - 2008 Nov TI - Isolation and genotype analysis of rubella virus from a case of Guillain-Barré syndrome. PG - 343-5 LID - 10.1016/j.jcv.2008.07.015 [doi] AB - Rubella virus (RV) infection has sporadically been linked to Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), but the association with RV has been based only on clinical and/or serological backgrounds. In the present case it was possible to isolate RV (genotype 1a) from cerebrospinal fluid and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of an 18-year-old woman diagnosed with GBS after clinical manifestations of rubella. This report contributes to confirm RV as one of the triggering pathogens of this peripheral nervous system disease. FAU - Figueiredo, C A AU - Figueiredo CA AD - Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Seção de Vírus Produtores de Exantemas, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 355, São Paulo, SP, 01246-902, Brazil. figueiredocris@uol.com.br FAU - Klautau, G B AU - Klautau GB FAU - Afonso, A M S AU - Afonso AM FAU - Castrignano, S B AU - Castrignano SB FAU - Oliveira, M I AU - Oliveira MI FAU - Curti, S P AU - Curti SP FAU - Squarcina, G G AU - Squarcina GG FAU - Narimatsu, K AU - Narimatsu K FAU - Rasslan, Z AU - Rasslan Z FAU - Lima, C A C AU - Lima CA FAU - Golin, V AU - Golin V FAU - Tadeo, E F AU - Tadeo EF FAU - Spagunolo, F J AU - Spagunolo FJ FAU - Cataldo, B AU - Cataldo B FAU - Durigon, E L AU - Durigon EL LA - eng PT - Case Reports PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20080916 PL - Netherlands TA - J Clin Virol JT - Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology JID - 9815671 SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Blood/virology MH - Cerebrospinal Fluid/virology MH - Female MH - Guillain-Barre Syndrome/*virology MH - Humans MH - Leukocytes, Mononuclear/virology MH - Rubella virus/*classification/*genetics/isolation & purification EDAT- 2008/09/19 09:00 MHDA- 2009/01/07 09:00 CRDT- 2008/09/19 09:00 PHST- 2008/07/04 00:00 [received] PHST- 2008/07/29 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2008/09/19 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2009/01/07 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2008/09/19 09:00 [entrez] AID - S1386-6532(08)00260-6 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.jcv.2008.07.015 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Clin Virol. 2008 Nov;43(3):343-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2008.07.015. Epub 2008 Sep 16. PMID- 15099751 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20040617 LR - 20061115 IS - 0022-1759 (Print) IS - 0022-1759 (Linking) VI - 287 IP - 1-2 DP - 2004 Apr TI - A synthetic peptide ELISA for the screening of rubella virus neutralizing antibodies in order to ascertain immunity. PG - 1-11 AB - One hundred and fifty-one human sera from patients exposed to rubella virus (RV) and shown to be negative for IgM antibodies were tested for total RV-IgG, hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) and for virus neutralizing (VN) antibodies using a peptide enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on BCH-178, a peptide representing one of several known neutralizing epitopes on RV hemagglutinin (E1). The data showed that, among 39 and 51 sera with HAI and RV-IgG titres of 1/128 and >150 IU/ml, respectively, neutralizing antibody readings using the BCH-178 ELISA were above cut-off values. However, 13% of HAI positive sera (titre > or =1/16) and 16% of RV-IgG ELISA positive sera (> or =20 IU/ml) were below the cut-off value of the BCH-178 ELISA. This may explain why several cases of congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) have been observed in spite of positive titres. We suggest that a diagnosis of sufficient immunity against RV infection or reinfection may be safer if an additional test detecting antibodies against VN RV epitopes is positive as well. FAU - Giessauf, Andreas AU - Giessauf A AD - Institut für Hygiene und Sozialmedizin, Leopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck, Fritz Pregl-Str. 3, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. andreas.giessauf@uni-graz.at FAU - Letschka, Thomas AU - Letschka T FAU - Walder, Gernot AU - Walder G FAU - Dierich, Manfred P AU - Dierich MP FAU - Würzner, Reinhard AU - Würzner R LA - eng PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article PL - Netherlands TA - J Immunol Methods JT - Journal of immunological methods JID - 1305440 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte) RN - 0 (Peptides) RN - 0 (Viral Envelope Proteins) RN - 0 (rubella antibodies) RN - 131016-01-8 (E1 envelope protein, Rubella virus) SB - IM MH - Amino Acid Sequence MH - Animals MH - Antibodies, Viral/*blood MH - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/*methods MH - Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte/chemistry/immunology MH - Female MH - Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - Peptides/*immunology MH - Reproducibility of Results MH - Rubella virus/*immunology MH - Sensitivity and Specificity MH - Viral Envelope Proteins/chemistry/*immunology EDAT- 2004/04/22 05:00 MHDA- 2004/06/18 05:00 CRDT- 2004/04/22 05:00 PHST- 2003/07/28 00:00 [received] PHST- 2003/11/10 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2003/12/08 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2004/04/22 05:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2004/06/18 05:00 [medline] PHST- 2004/04/22 05:00 [entrez] AID - S002217590400002X [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.jim.2003.12.011 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Immunol Methods. 2004 Apr;287(1-2):1-11. doi: 10.1016/j.jim.2003.12.011. PMID- 20228694 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20100920 LR - 20191210 IS - 1532-0987 (Electronic) IS - 0891-3668 (Linking) VI - 29 IP - 6 DP - 2010 Jun TI - Acute liver failure associated with rubella virus in a child. PG - 573-4 LID - 10.1097/INF.0b013e3181d3ce4c [doi] AB - Acute liver failure is a syndrome with a wide range of etiologic possibilities in children, but in up to 50% of the cases in the literature no diagnosis is established. This case report adds rubella virus to the list of possible causes of acute liver failure. This association was made by serologic, cell culture, molecular, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical methods. FAU - Figueiredo, Cristina Adelaide AU - Figueiredo CA AD - Setor de Virologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, Brazil. figueiredocris@uol.com.br FAU - Cordovani, Nancy Therezinha Barbagallo AU - Cordovani NT FAU - Castrignano, Silvana Beres AU - Castrignano SB FAU - Alves, Venancio Avancini Ferreira AU - Alves VA FAU - Kanamura, Cristina Takami AU - Kanamura CT FAU - de Oliveira, Maria Isabel AU - de Oliveira MI FAU - Fernandes, Flora Maria de Campos AU - Fernandes FM FAU - Klautau, Giselle Burlamaqui AU - Klautau GB FAU - Durigon, Edison Luiz AU - Durigon EL LA - eng PT - Case Reports PT - Journal Article PL - United States TA - Pediatr Infect Dis J JT - The Pediatric infectious disease journal JID - 8701858 RN - 0 (RNA, Viral) RN - 0 (Viral Envelope Proteins) RN - 131016-01-8 (E1 envelope protein, Rubella virus) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Child, Preschool MH - Chlorocebus aethiops MH - Humans MH - Liver Failure, Acute/complications/surgery/*virology MH - Liver Transplantation MH - Male MH - RNA, Viral/analysis MH - Rubella/*complications/diagnosis/virology MH - Rubella virus/genetics/*isolation & purification MH - Vero Cells MH - Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics EDAT- 2010/03/17 06:00 MHDA- 2010/09/21 06:00 CRDT- 2010/03/16 06:00 PHST- 2010/03/16 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2010/03/17 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2010/09/21 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.1097/INF.0b013e3181d3ce4c [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2010 Jun;29(6):573-4. doi: 10.1097/INF.0b013e3181d3ce4c. PMID- 25862104 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20160203 LR - 20180416 IS - 1879-0984 (Electronic) IS - 0166-0934 (Linking) VI - 219 DP - 2015 Jul TI - A novel duplex real time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for rubella virus with armored RNA as a noncompetitive internal positive control. PG - 84-89 LID - S0166-0934(15)00128-7 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.jviromet.2015.03.023 [doi] AB - The objective of this study was to build and apply a duplex real time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for rubella virus. Firstly, a 60-bp-long armored RV RNA was constructed in the laboratory. Secondly, a duplex real time RT-PCR assay was established. Thirdly, the 60-bp-long armored RV RNA was used as an internal positive control (IPC) for the duplex real time RT-PCR. And finally the duplex real time RT-PCR assay was applied to detect RV RNA in clinical specimens. The in-house assay has a high amplification efficiency (0.99), a high analytical sensitivity (200 copies/mL), and a good reproducibility. The diagnostic specificity and sensitivity of the in-house assay were both 100%, due to the monitoring of the armored RV RNA IPC. Therefore, the in-house duplex real time quantitative RT-PCR assay is a specific, sensitive, reproducible and accurate assay for quantitation of RV RNA in clinical specimens. And noncompetitive armored RV RNA IPC can monitor RT-PCR inhibition and prevent false-negative and inaccurate results in the real time detection system. CI - Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. FAU - Zhao, Lihong AU - Zhao L AD - Department of Laboratory, Tai'an Central Hospital, Tai'an 271000, China. FAU - Li, Ruiying AU - Li R AD - Department of Reproductive Genetics, Tai'an Central Hospital, Tai'an 271000, China. FAU - Liu, Aihua AU - Liu A AD - Central Laboratory, Tai'an Central Hospital, Tai'an 271000, China. FAU - Zhao, Shuping AU - Zhao S AD - Department of Laboratory, Tai'an Central Hospital, Tai'an 271000, China. Electronic address: zhaolihong70@163.com. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20150407 PL - Netherlands TA - J Virol Methods JT - Journal of virological methods JID - 8005839 RN - 0 (RNA, Viral) SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Base Sequence MH - Child MH - Child, Preschool MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Infant MH - Male MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - RNA, Viral/chemistry/*genetics MH - Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/*methods/*standards MH - Reference Standards MH - Reproducibility of Results MH - Rubella/*diagnosis/*virology MH - Rubella virus/*genetics MH - Sensitivity and Specificity MH - Young Adult OTO - NOTNLM OT - Armored RNA OT - Internal positive control OT - Real time RT-PCR OT - Rubella virus EDAT- 2015/04/12 06:00 MHDA- 2016/02/04 06:00 CRDT- 2015/04/12 06:00 PHST- 2014/11/24 00:00 [received] PHST- 2015/03/31 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2015/03/31 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2015/04/12 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2015/04/12 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2016/02/04 06:00 [medline] AID - S0166-0934(15)00128-7 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.jviromet.2015.03.023 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Virol Methods. 2015 Jul;219:84-89. doi: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2015.03.023. Epub 2015 Apr 7. PMID- 12692294 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20030603 LR - 20200226 IS - 0022-1317 (Print) IS - 0022-1317 (Linking) VI - 84 IP - Pt 5 DP - 2003 May TI - Time-course induction of apoptosis by wild-type and attenuated strains of rubella virus. PG - 1275-1279 LID - 10.1099/vir.0.18785-0 [doi] AB - The time-course of rubella virus (RV)-induced apoptosis was studied in RK13 cells. DEVD-specific caspase activity assay and Western blotting for caspase-3 were used to determine the time-course of caspase activation and demonstrated that RV-induced apoptotic changes occur as early as 12 h post-infection (p.i.). Caspase activity followed a cyclic pattern, as seen with apoptotic-inducing drugs, with maximum activity detected at 72 h p.i. Apoptosis caused by wild-type (RN) and attenuated vaccine (Cendehill) strains of RV was compared by TUNEL staining, counting dead floating cells and DNA fragmentation analysis. Although the amount of apoptosis due to the wild-type strain was marginally greater, this was probably due to its faster growth rate. FAU - Cooray, Samantha AU - Cooray S AD - Enteric, Respiratory and Neurological Virus Laboratory, Central Public Health Laboratory, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5HT, UK. AD - Department of Infection, Virology Section, St Thomas's Hospital, Lambeth Palace Road, London SE1 7EH, UK. FAU - Best, Jennifer M AU - Best JM AD - Department of Infection, Virology Section, St Thomas's Hospital, Lambeth Palace Road, London SE1 7EH, UK. FAU - Jin, Li AU - Jin L AD - Enteric, Respiratory and Neurological Virus Laboratory, Central Public Health Laboratory, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5HT, UK. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - England TA - J Gen Virol JT - The Journal of general virology JID - 0077340 RN - 0 (Rubella Vaccine) RN - 0 (Vaccines, Attenuated) RN - EC 3.4.22.- (CASP3 protein, human) RN - EC 3.4.22.- (Caspase 3) RN - EC 3.4.22.- (Caspases) SB - IM MH - *Apoptosis MH - Caspase 3 MH - Caspases/metabolism MH - Cell Line MH - Enzyme Activation MH - Humans MH - *Rubella Vaccine MH - Rubella virus/*pathogenicity/physiology MH - Time Factors MH - *Vaccines, Attenuated EDAT- 2003/04/15 05:00 MHDA- 2003/06/05 05:00 CRDT- 2003/04/15 05:00 PHST- 2003/04/15 05:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2003/06/05 05:00 [medline] PHST- 2003/04/15 05:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1099/vir.0.18785-0 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Gen Virol. 2003 May;84(Pt 5):1275-1279. doi: 10.1099/vir.0.18785-0. PMID- 14963158 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20040308 LR - 20191210 IS - 0022-538X (Print) IS - 1098-5514 (Electronic) IS - 0022-538X (Linking) VI - 78 IP - 5 DP - 2004 Mar TI - Analysis of the 3' cis-acting elements of rubella virus by using replicons expressing a puromycin resistance gene. PG - 2553-61 AB - A rubella virus (RUB) replicon, RUBrep/PAC, was constructed and used to map the 3' cis-acting elements (3' CSE) of the RUB genome required for RUB replication. The RUBrep/PAC replicon had the structural protein open reading frame partially replaced by a puromycin acetyltransferase (PAC) gene. Cells transfected with RUBrep/PAC transcripts expressed the PAC gene from the subgenomic RNA, were rendered resistant to puromycin, and thus survived selection with this drug. The relative survival following puromycin selection of cells transfected with transcripts from RUBrep/PAC constructs with mutations in the 3' CSE varied. The 3' region necessary for optimal relative survival consisted of the 3' 305 nucleotides (nt), a region conserved in RUB defective-interfering RNAs, and thus this region constitutes the 3' CSE. Within the 3' CSE, deletions in the approximately 245 nt that overlap the 3' end of the E1 gene resulted in reduced relative survivals, ranging from 20 to <1% of the parental replicon survival level while most mutations within the approximately 60-nt 3' untranslated region (UTR) were lethal. None of the 3' CSE mutations affected in vitro translation of the nonstructural protein open reading frame (which is 5' proximal in the genome and encodes the enzymes involved in virus RNA replication). In cells transfected with replicons with 3' CSE mutations that survived antibiotic selection (i.e., those with mutations in the region of the 3' CSE that overlaps the E1 coding region), the amount of replicon-specific minus-strand RNA was uniform; however, the accumulation of both plus-strand RNA species, genomic and subgenomic, varied widely, indicating that this region of the RUB 3' CSE affects plus-strand RNA accumulation rather than minus-strand RNA synthesis. FAU - Chen, Min-Hsin AU - Chen MH AD - Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA. FAU - Frolov, Ilya AU - Frolov I FAU - Icenogle, Joseph AU - Icenogle J FAU - Frey, Teryl K AU - Frey TK LA - eng GR - AI21789/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. TA - J Virol JT - Journal of virology JID - 0113724 RN - 0 (RNA, Viral) RN - 0 (Regulatory Sequences, Ribonucleic Acid) RN - 4A6ZS6Q2CL (Puromycin) RN - EC 2.3.1.- (Acetyltransferases) RN - EC 2.3.1.- (puromycin N-acetyltransferase) SB - IM MH - Acetyltransferases/genetics MH - Animals MH - Cell Line MH - Chlorocebus aethiops MH - Cricetinae MH - Drug Resistance, Viral/*genetics MH - Gene Expression Regulation, Viral MH - Genome, Viral MH - Mutation/genetics MH - Open Reading Frames/genetics MH - Protein Biosynthesis MH - Puromycin/*pharmacology MH - RNA, Viral/biosynthesis/chemistry/genetics MH - Regulatory Sequences, Ribonucleic Acid/*genetics MH - Replicon/*genetics MH - Rubella virus/*genetics/*physiology MH - Vero Cells MH - *Virus Replication PMC - PMC369209 EDAT- 2004/02/14 05:00 MHDA- 2004/03/09 05:00 CRDT- 2004/02/14 05:00 PHST- 2004/02/14 05:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2004/03/09 05:00 [medline] PHST- 2004/02/14 05:00 [entrez] AID - 0966 [pii] AID - 10.1128/jvi.78.5.2553-2561.2004 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Virol. 2004 Mar;78(5):2553-61. doi: 10.1128/jvi.78.5.2553-2561.2004. PMID- 17033720 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20061222 LR - 20190513 IS - 1672-9145 (Print) IS - 1672-9145 (Linking) VI - 38 IP - 10 DP - 2006 Oct TI - Establishment and application of a TaqMan real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay for rubella virus RNA. PG - 731-6 AB - The aim of this study was to establish and apply a real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for rubella virus (RV) RNA. First, the primer and TaqMan probe concentrations, as well as reaction temperatures were optimized to establish an efficient real-time quantitative RT-PCR assay for RV RNA. Next, an RV-specific PCR amplicon was made as an external standard to estimate the linearity, amplification efficiency, analytical sensitivity and reproducibility of the real time quantitative assay. Finally, the assay was applied to quantify RV RNA in clinical samples for rubella diagnosis. The RV-specific PCR amplicon was prepared for evaluation of the assay at 503 bp, and its original concentration was 2.75x109 copies/mul. The real time quantitative assay was shown to have good linearity (R2=0.9920), high amplification efficiency (E=1.91), high sensitivity (275 copies/ml), and high reproducibility (variation coefficient range, from 1.25% to 3.58%). Compared with the gold standard, the specificity and sensitivity of the assay in clinical samples was 96.4% and 86.4%, respectively. Therefore, the established quantitative RT-PCR method is a simple, rapid, less-labored, quantitative, highly specific and sensitive assay for RV RNA. FAU - Zhao, Li-Hong AU - Zhao LH AD - Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China. zhaolihong7097@yahoo.com.cn FAU - Ma, Yu-Yan AU - Ma YY FAU - Wang, Hong AU - Wang H FAU - Zhao, Shu-Ping AU - Zhao SP FAU - Zhao, Wei-Ming AU - Zhao WM FAU - Li, Hua AU - Li H FAU - Wang, Lei-Yi AU - Wang LY LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - China TA - Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) JT - Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica JID - 101206716 RN - 0 (RNA, Viral) SB - IM MH - Humans MH - RNA, Viral/*analysis MH - Reference Standards MH - *Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/standards MH - Rubella/*diagnosis MH - Rubella virus/chemistry/*genetics EDAT- 2006/10/13 09:00 MHDA- 2006/12/23 09:00 CRDT- 2006/10/13 09:00 PHST- 2006/10/13 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2006/12/23 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2006/10/13 09:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1111/j.1745-7270.2006.00213.x [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai). 2006 Oct;38(10):731-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1745-7270.2006.00213.x. PMID- 27810866 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20171222 LR - 20171222 IS - 1537-6591 (Electronic) IS - 1058-4838 (Linking) VI - 64 IP - 1 DP - 2017 Jan 1 TI - Cutaneous and Visceral Chronic Granulomatous Disease Triggered by a Rubella Virus Vaccine Strain in Children With Primary Immunodeficiencies. PG - 83-86 AB - Persistence of rubella live vaccine has been associated with chronic skin granuloma in 3 children with primary immunodeficiency. We describe 6 additional children with these findings, including 1 with visceral extension to the spleen. CI - © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com. FAU - Neven, Bénédicte AU - Neven B AD - Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris Descartes University, Institut Imagine. AD - Paediatric Haemato-Immunology Unit. AD - National Reference Centre for Primary Immune Deficiencies. FAU - Pérot, Philippe AU - Pérot P AD - Biology of Infection Unit, Laboratory of Pathogen Discovery, Inserm U1117. AD - Biomics, Centre d'Innovation et de Recherche Technologique. FAU - Bruneau, Julie AU - Bruneau J AD - Department of Pathology. FAU - Pasquet, Marlene AU - Pasquet M AD - Hematology and Immunology Pediatric Department, CHU Toulouse, Center of Research in Cancerology of Toulouse, Team 16, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole. FAU - Ramirez, Marie AU - Ramirez M AD - Biology of Infection Unit, Laboratory of Pathogen Discovery, Inserm U1117. FAU - Diana, Jean-Sébastien AU - Diana JS AD - Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris Descartes University, Institut Imagine. AD - Paediatric Haemato-Immunology Unit. FAU - Luzi, Stéphanie AU - Luzi S AD - Department of Radiology. FAU - Corre-Catelin, Nicole AU - Corre-Catelin N AD - Investigation Clinique et Accès aux Ressources Biologiques, Institut Pasteur, Paris. FAU - Chardot, Christophe AU - Chardot C AD - Department of Pediatric Surgery. FAU - Moshous, Despina AU - Moshous D AD - Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris Descartes University, Institut Imagine. AD - Paediatric Haemato-Immunology Unit. AD - National Reference Centre for Primary Immune Deficiencies. FAU - Leclerc Mercier, Stéphanie AU - Leclerc Mercier S AD - Department of Pathology. AD - Department of Dermatology. FAU - Mahlaoui, Nizar AU - Mahlaoui N AD - Paediatric Haemato-Immunology Unit. AD - National Reference Centre for Primary Immune Deficiencies. FAU - Aladjidi, Nathalie AU - Aladjidi N AD - Pediatric Oncology Hematology Unit/CEREVANCE/CIC 1401, Inserm Centre d'Investigation Clinique Plurithématique, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Pediatric Hospital. FAU - Le Bail, Brigitte AU - Le Bail B AD - Department of Pathology, Hôpital des Enfants-Hôpital Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France. FAU - Lecuit, Marc AU - Lecuit M AD - Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris Descartes University, Institut Imagine. AD - Department of Infectious Diseases, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris. AD - National Reference Centre for Primary Immune Deficiencies. AD - Biology of Infection Unit, Laboratory of Pathogen Discovery, Inserm U1117. FAU - Bodemer, Christine AU - Bodemer C AD - Department of Dermatology. FAU - Molina, Thierry Jo AU - Molina TJ AD - Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris Descartes University, Institut Imagine. AD - Department of Pathology. FAU - Blanche, Stéphane AU - Blanche S AD - Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris Descartes University, Institut Imagine. AD - Paediatric Haemato-Immunology Unit. AD - National Reference Centre for Primary Immune Deficiencies. FAU - Eloit, Marc AU - Eloit M AD - Biology of Infection Unit, Laboratory of Pathogen Discovery, Inserm U1117. LA - eng PT - Case Reports PT - Journal Article DEP - 20161006 PL - United States TA - Clin Infect Dis JT - Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America JID - 9203213 RN - 0 (Capsid Proteins) RN - 0 (Homeodomain Proteins) RN - 0 (Rubella Vaccine) RN - 128559-51-3 (RAG-1 protein) SB - IM EIN - Clin Infect Dis. 2017 May 1;64(9):1297. PMID: 28168291 MH - Biopsy MH - Capsid Proteins/genetics MH - Child MH - Female MH - Granulomatous Disease, Chronic/*diagnosis/*etiology MH - Homeodomain Proteins/genetics MH - Humans MH - Immunohistochemistry MH - Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/*complications/diagnosis/genetics MH - Male MH - Mutation MH - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction MH - Rubella Vaccine/*adverse effects/genetics MH - Skin/pathology/virology MH - Spleen/pathology/virology OTO - NOTNLM OT - granuloma OT - rubella OT - skin OT - spleen OT - vaccine EDAT- 2016/11/05 06:00 MHDA- 2017/12/23 06:00 CRDT- 2016/11/05 06:00 PHST- 2016/04/08 00:00 [received] PHST- 2016/09/22 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2016/11/05 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2017/12/23 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2016/11/05 06:00 [entrez] AID - ciw675 [pii] AID - 10.1093/cid/ciw675 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Clin Infect Dis. 2017 Jan 1;64(1):83-86. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciw675. Epub 2016 Oct 6. PMID- 12034482 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20020807 LR - 20191210 IS - 0168-1702 (Print) IS - 0168-1702 (Linking) VI - 85 IP - 2 DP - 2002 May 10 TI - The N-terminal conserved domain of rubella virus capsid interacts with the C-terminal region of cellular p32 and overexpression of p32 enhances the viral infectivity. PG - 151-61 AB - Cellular 'defense collagens' are produced to launch virus-specific responses to clear the invading viruses. Cellular p32, the C1q binding protein is one such protein. In this report, we identified the interaction of p32 derived from a human lung diploid cell line (WI-38) with rubella virus capsid (RVCP from Therien strain) N-terminal 28-amino acid domain, which is conserved among several RV strains including the vaccine strains. We further identified that the C-terminal 69 aa of the mature p32 is sufficient to interact with the CP. In addition, we observed that in three independent Vero 76-derived cell lines constitutively overexpressing p32, the RV infectivity was enhanced. Our results suggest that RV has evolved a strategy whereby one of its proteins is recruited to interact with, and exploit the cellular defense machinery to its advantage. FAU - Mohan, Ketha V Krishna AU - Mohan KV AD - Laboratory of Pediatric and Respiratory Viral diseases, Division of Viral Products, Section of Viral Pathogenesis and Adverse Reactions, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. FAU - Ghebrehiwet, Berhane AU - Ghebrehiwet B FAU - Atreya, Chintamani D AU - Atreya CD LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. PL - Netherlands TA - Virus Res JT - Virus research JID - 8410979 RN - 0 (C1QBP protein, human) RN - 0 (Carrier Proteins) RN - 0 (Hyaluronan Receptors) RN - 0 (Membrane Glycoproteins) RN - 0 (Mitochondrial Proteins) RN - 0 (Receptors, Complement) RN - 0 (Viral Vaccines) RN - 0 (complement 1q receptor) SB - IM MH - Amino Acid Sequence MH - Animals MH - Capsid/genetics/*metabolism MH - Carrier Proteins MH - Chlorocebus aethiops MH - Conserved Sequence MH - Gene Expression MH - *Hyaluronan Receptors MH - Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics/*metabolism MH - Mitochondrial Proteins MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - Protein Structure, Tertiary MH - Receptors, Complement/genetics/*metabolism MH - Rubella virus/genetics/metabolism/*physiology MH - Vero Cells MH - Viral Vaccines/genetics/metabolism EDAT- 2002/05/30 10:00 MHDA- 2002/08/08 10:01 CRDT- 2002/05/30 10:00 PHST- 2002/05/30 10:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2002/08/08 10:01 [medline] PHST- 2002/05/30 10:00 [entrez] AID - S0168170202000308 [pii] AID - 10.1016/s0168-1702(02)00030-8 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Virus Res. 2002 May 10;85(2):151-61. doi: 10.1016/s0168-1702(02)00030-8. PMID- 17006599 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20070312 LR - 20061220 IS - 0304-8608 (Print) IS - 0304-8608 (Linking) VI - 152 IP - 1 DP - 2007 Jan TI - Armored RNA as positive control and standard for quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay for rubella virus. PG - 219-24 AB - RV Armored RNA constructed in the laboratory was shown to be resistant to RNase and DNase digestion. It could remain stable at 4 degrees C for at least 60 days, and was much more stable than RV strain TR23 [corrected] in normal human plasma. Therefore it could be used as stable, well-characterized positive control and standard for quantitative RT-PCR assay. FAU - Zhao, L AU - Zhao L AD - Department of Laboratory, Tai'an Central Hospital, Tai'an, China [corrected] FAU - Ma, Y AU - Ma Y FAU - Zhao, S AU - Zhao S FAU - Yang, N AU - Yang N LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20060928 PL - Austria TA - Arch Virol JT - Archives of virology JID - 7506870 RN - 0 (DNA Primers) RN - 0 (RNA, Viral) RN - 0 (Viral Envelope Proteins) RN - 131016-01-8 (E1 envelope protein, Rubella virus) SB - IM EIN - Arch Virol. 2007 Jan;152(1):225 MH - Base Sequence MH - DNA Primers/genetics MH - Humans MH - RNA Stability MH - RNA, Viral/*genetics/isolation & purification/standards MH - Reference Standards MH - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/*methods/standards MH - Rubella virus/*genetics MH - Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics EDAT- 2006/09/29 09:00 MHDA- 2007/03/14 09:00 CRDT- 2006/09/29 09:00 PHST- 2006/04/22 00:00 [received] PHST- 2006/07/13 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2006/09/29 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2007/03/14 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2006/09/29 09:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1007/s00705-006-0839-3 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Arch Virol. 2007 Jan;152(1):219-24. doi: 10.1007/s00705-006-0839-3. Epub 2006 Sep 28. PMID- 20861325 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20110209 LR - 20211020 IS - 1556-679X (Electronic) IS - 1556-6811 (Print) IS - 1556-679X (Linking) VI - 17 IP - 11 DP - 2010 Nov TI - Multiplex detection of IgM and IgG class antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii, rubella virus, and cytomegalovirus using a novel multiplex flow immunoassay. PG - 1734-8 LID - 10.1128/CVI.00332-10 [doi] AB - The goal of this study was to evaluate the BioPlex 2200 Toxoplasma, rubella, and cytomegalovirus (CMV) (ToRC) IgG and IgM multiplex immunoassays (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA) and compare the results to those of conventional testing by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and enzyme-linked fluorescent assay (ELFA). Serum specimens (n = 600) submitted for routine ToRC IgG and IgM testing by EIA (SeraQuest, Doral, FL; Diamedix, Miami, FL) or ELFA (Vidas; bioMérieux, Durham, NC) were also tested by the BioPlex ToRC multiplex immunoassays. Samples showing discordant results were retested by both methods, with further discrepancies being arbitrated by a third assay. Following repeat testing, the BioPlex Toxoplasma, rubella, and CMV IgG assays demonstrated agreements of 98.7 (592/600 specimens), 93.3 (560/600 specimens), and 98.3% (590/600 specimens), respectively, while the ToRC IgM assays yielded agreements of 91.2 (547/600 specimens), 87.3 (524/600 specimens), and 95.2% (571/600 specimens), respectively. The BioPlex ToRC IgG assays provided results comparable to EIA/ELFA results, with kappa coefficients showing near-perfect agreement for the Toxoplasma (κ = 0.94) and CMV (κ = 0.97) IgG assays and substantial agreement for the rubella IgG assay (κ = 0.66). The BioPlex ToRC IgM assays showed lower specificity with only slight agreement for Toxoplasma IgM (κ = 0.07), poor agreement for rubella IgM (κ = -0.03), and moderate agreement for CMV IgM (κ = 0.55). Both the BioPlex IgG and IgM assays reduced turnaround time (1.7 h versus 5.5 h by EIA/ELFA for 100 specimens) and eliminated the necessity to manually pipette or aliquot specimens prior to testing. FAU - Binnicker, M J AU - Binnicker MJ AD - Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, SDSC 1-526, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. binnicker.matthew@mayo.edu FAU - Jespersen, D J AU - Jespersen DJ FAU - Harring, J A AU - Harring JA LA - eng PT - Comparative Study PT - Evaluation Study PT - Journal Article DEP - 20100922 TA - Clin Vaccine Immunol JT - Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI JID - 101252125 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Protozoan) RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin G) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin M) RN - 0 (Reagent Kits, Diagnostic) SB - IM MH - Antibodies, Protozoan/*blood MH - Antibodies, Viral/*blood MH - Clinical Laboratory Techniques/methods MH - Cytomegalovirus/immunology MH - Cytomegalovirus Infections/*diagnosis MH - Humans MH - Immunoassay/methods MH - Immunoglobulin G/*blood MH - Immunoglobulin M/*blood MH - Reagent Kits, Diagnostic MH - Rubella/*diagnosis MH - Rubella virus/immunology MH - Toxoplasma/immunology MH - Toxoplasmosis/*diagnosis PMC - PMC2976082 EDAT- 2010/09/24 06:00 MHDA- 2011/02/10 06:00 CRDT- 2010/09/24 06:00 PHST- 2010/09/24 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2010/09/24 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2011/02/10 06:00 [medline] AID - CVI.00332-10 [pii] AID - 0332-10 [pii] AID - 10.1128/CVI.00332-10 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2010 Nov;17(11):1734-8. doi: 10.1128/CVI.00332-10. Epub 2010 Sep 22. PMID- 20217898 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20100719 LR - 20200422 IS - 1097-4644 (Electronic) IS - 0730-2312 (Print) IS - 0730-2312 (Linking) VI - 110 IP - 1 DP - 2010 May TI - Validation and application of normalization factors for gene expression studies in rubella virus-infected cell lines with quantitative real-time PCR. PG - 118-28 LID - 10.1002/jcb.22518 [doi] AB - Reference genes are generally employed in real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) experiments to normalize variability between different samples. The aim of this study was to identify and validate appropriate reference genes as internal controls for RT-qPCR experiments in rubella virus (RV)-infected Vero and MCF-7 cell lines using SYBR green fluorescence. The software programs geNorm and NormFinder and the DeltaDeltaC(t) calculation were used to determine the expression stability and thus reliability of nine suitable reference genes. HPRT1 and HUEL, and HUEL and TBP were identified to be most suitable for RT-qPCR analysis of RV-infected Vero and MCF-7 cells, respectively. These genes were used as normalizers for transcriptional activity of selected cellular genes. The results confirm previously published microarray and Northern blot data, particularly on the transcriptional activity of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 and the nuclear body protein SP100. Furthermore, the mRNA level of the mitochondrial protein p32 is increased in RV-infected cells. The effect on cellular gene transcription by RV-infection seems to be cell line-specific, but genes of central importance for viral life cycle appear to be altered to a similar degree. This study does not only provide an accurate and flexible tool for the quantitative analysis of gene expression patterns in RV-infected cell lines. It also indicates, that the suitability of a reference gene as normalizer of RT-qPCR data and the host-cell response to RV-infection are strictly cell-line specific. CI - (c) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. FAU - Chey, S AU - Chey S AD - Institute of Virology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. FAU - Claus, C AU - Claus C FAU - Liebert, U G AU - Liebert UG LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Validation Study TA - J Cell Biochem JT - Journal of cellular biochemistry JID - 8205768 RN - 0 (RNA, Messenger) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - COS Cells MH - Cell Line, Tumor MH - Chlorocebus aethiops MH - Gene Expression Profiling/*methods/*standards MH - *Gene Expression Regulation MH - Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic MH - Genome, Viral/genetics MH - Humans MH - Protein Binding MH - RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism MH - Reference Standards MH - Reproducibility of Results MH - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/*methods/*standards MH - Rubella/*genetics MH - Rubella virus/genetics/*physiology MH - Software MH - Species Specificity PMC - PMC7166394 EDAT- 2010/03/11 06:00 MHDA- 2010/07/20 06:00 CRDT- 2010/03/11 06:00 PHST- 2010/03/11 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2010/03/11 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2010/07/20 06:00 [medline] AID - JCB22518 [pii] AID - 10.1002/jcb.22518 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Cell Biochem. 2010 May;110(1):118-28. doi: 10.1002/jcb.22518. PMID- 12522034 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20030801 LR - 20190508 IS - 1071-412X (Print) IS - 1098-6588 (Electronic) IS - 1071-412X (Linking) VI - 10 IP - 1 DP - 2003 Jan TI - Effect of multiple freeze-thaw cycles on detection of measles, mumps, and rubella virus antibodies. PG - 19-21 AB - We investigated the effect of multiple freeze-thaw cycles on mumps, measles, and rubella virus serum antibody levels with whole-virus immunoglobulin G enzyme-linked immunoassays. Fresh serum samples from nine healthy adult volunteers were divided into six sets of five aliquots each. Samples were taken through a total of 10 freeze-thaw cycles and stored at 4 degrees C until assayed. Each assay measurement was done in replicates of five, and the mean value was reported. After completing 10 freeze-thaw cycles, we found no clinically or statistically significant effect on measured antibody levels and found no discernible detrimental effect on the ability to measure these antibodies by enzyme-linked immunoassays. FAU - Pinsky, Norman A AU - Pinsky NA AD - Mayo Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA. FAU - Huddleston, Jeanne M AU - Huddleston JM FAU - Jacobson, Robert M AU - Jacobson RM FAU - Wollan, Peter C AU - Wollan PC FAU - Poland, Gregory A AU - Poland GA LA - eng GR - R01 AI033144/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States GR - AI33144/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. TA - Clin Diagn Lab Immunol JT - Clinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology JID - 9421292 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin G) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin M) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Antibodies, Viral/*blood MH - Cryopreservation MH - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay MH - Freezing MH - Humans MH - Immunoglobulin G/blood MH - Immunoglobulin M/blood MH - Measles/diagnosis/immunology MH - Mumps/diagnosis/immunology MH - RNA Virus Infections/*diagnosis/immunology MH - Reproducibility of Results MH - Rubella/diagnosis/immunology PMC - PMC145292 EDAT- 2003/01/11 04:00 MHDA- 2003/08/02 05:00 CRDT- 2003/01/11 04:00 PHST- 2003/01/11 04:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2003/08/02 05:00 [medline] PHST- 2003/01/11 04:00 [entrez] AID - 0189 [pii] AID - 10.1128/cdli.10.1.19-21.2003 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2003 Jan;10(1):19-21. doi: 10.1128/cdli.10.1.19-21.2003. PMID- 21539881 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20111018 LR - 20110704 IS - 1873-2518 (Electronic) IS - 0264-410X (Linking) VI - 29 IP - 31 DP - 2011 Jul 12 TI - Detection of platelet-binding anti-measles and anti-rubella virus IgG antibodies in infants with vaccine-induced thrombocytopenic purpura. PG - 4878-80 LID - 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.04.036 [doi] AB - A 15-month-old infant presented with thrombocytopenic purpura after sequential administration of measles-rubella combined vaccine, varicella vaccine and mumps vaccine every 4 weeks. Her thrombocytopenia persisted for more than 12 months. Both anti-measles and anti-rubella virus IgG antibodies were detected in the patient's-isolated platelets on day 154 of illness, which were not detected when there was a reduction of the serum IgG antibody titers on days 298 and 373 of illness, respectively.We also detected the isolated platelet-binding anti-measles and anti-rubella virus IgG antibodies in two other pediatric patients. This is the first report demonstrating direct evidence of vaccine-induced thrombocytopenic purpura. CI - Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. FAU - Okazaki, Naho AU - Okazaki N AD - Department of Pediatrics and Child Neurology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Hasama, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan. naho-chi@oita-u.ac.jp FAU - Takeguchi, Masahiro AU - Takeguchi M FAU - Sonoda, Kohji AU - Sonoda K FAU - Handa, Yohsuke AU - Handa Y FAU - Kakiuchi, Tatsuo AU - Kakiuchi T FAU - Miyahara, Hiroaki AU - Miyahara H FAU - Akiyoshi, Kensuke AU - Akiyoshi K FAU - Korematsu, Seigo AU - Korematsu S FAU - Suenobu, Soichi AU - Suenobu S FAU - Izumi, Tatsuro AU - Izumi T LA - eng PT - Case Reports PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20110501 PL - Netherlands TA - Vaccine JT - Vaccine JID - 8406899 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin G) RN - 0 (Measles Vaccine) RN - 0 (Rubella Vaccine) RN - 0 (Vaccines, Combined) SB - IM MH - Antibodies, Viral/*blood MH - Blood Platelets/*metabolism MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Immunoglobulin G/*blood/metabolism MH - Infant MH - Measles Vaccine/*adverse effects/immunology MH - Protein Binding MH - Purpura, Thrombocytopenic/*chemically induced MH - Rubella Vaccine/*adverse effects/immunology MH - Vaccines, Combined/adverse effects/immunology EDAT- 2011/05/05 06:00 MHDA- 2011/10/19 06:00 CRDT- 2011/05/05 06:00 PHST- 2010/12/30 00:00 [received] PHST- 2011/04/01 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2011/04/12 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2011/05/05 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2011/05/05 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2011/10/19 06:00 [medline] AID - S0264-410X(11)00581-0 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.04.036 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Vaccine. 2011 Jul 12;29(31):4878-80. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.04.036. Epub 2011 May 1. PMID- 20450068 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20100526 LR - 20160120 IS - 1006-916X (Print) IS - 1006-916X (Linking) VI - 16 IP - 1 DP - 2010 Feb TI - [Development of the real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay for the rapid detection of rubella virus]. PG - 25-9 AB - OBJECTIVE: A new TaqMan probe based real-time assay was developed to rapid detection of rubella virus. METHODS: The specific primer pair and probe were designed within the conserved P150 gene of rubella virus and the PCR reactive condition was optimized to improve the sensitivity and specificity of the assay. Clinical specimens collected from two outbreaks were detected by the developed assay. RESULTS: The assay is specific to detect rubella virus. There is no cross-reactions to measles, mumps, influenza and other respiratory viruses. It could detect 0.01 TCID50/tube of rubella RNA and took only three hours to finish a detection. In addition, the assay is simple, accurate and repeatable. CONCLUSION: The TaqMan based real-time PCR developed in this study provides a fast, sensitive and specific tool for molecular diagnosis on rubella virus. FAU - Wu, Hua-Sen AU - Wu HS AD - Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310051, Zhejiang, China. FAU - Gao, Xiao-Ping AU - Gao XP FAU - Xu, Chang-Ping AU - Xu CP LA - chi PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article PL - China TA - Zhongguo Yi Miao He Mian Yi JT - Zhongguo yi miao he mian yi JID - 101545586 RN - 0 (RNA, Viral) RN - EC 2.7.7.- (Taq Polymerase) SB - IM MH - Humans MH - RNA, Viral/genetics/metabolism MH - Reproducibility of Results MH - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/*methods MH - Rubella virus/*genetics/*isolation & purification MH - Taq Polymerase/metabolism MH - Time Factors EDAT- 2010/05/11 06:00 MHDA- 2010/05/27 06:00 CRDT- 2010/05/11 06:00 PHST- 2010/05/11 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2010/05/11 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2010/05/27 06:00 [medline] PST - ppublish SO - Zhongguo Yi Miao He Mian Yi. 2010 Feb;16(1):25-9. PMID- 12684546 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20030613 LR - 20171101 IS - 0300-5526 (Print) IS - 0300-5526 (Linking) VI - 46 IP - 2 DP - 2003 TI - Characteristics and mechanisms of isolated rubella virus, strain JR23: infection of the central nervous system of BALB/c mice. PG - 79-85 AB - OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation between rubella virus (RuV) antigen in peripheral lymphocytes, the immune status and RuV infection in the central nervous system (CNS). METHODS: BALB/c mice were used as a model and treated with immunoaffecting medicines. Then, the mice were infected with RuV via the abdominal cavity, and the antigen level in peripheral lymphocytes was examined 1, 3, 7 and 14 days postinfection. RuV in the CNS was detected by immunohistochemical methods. BALB/c mice were given dexamethasone and cytoxan before infection with the RuV JR23 strain. Immune functions and RuV invasion of the CNS were assayed on day 21 postinfection via the abdominal cavity, and their relationship was analyzed. RESULTS: The mean antigen detection rates at different times were 3.1, 4.1, 9.6 and 2.4%, respectively, in the dexamethasone group, and 14.2, 12.7, 9.9 and 3.1%, respectively, in the cytoxan group. In the group without any intervention, the detection rates were 4.63, 10.25, 6.88 and 1.75%, respectively. The antigen detection rates in peripheral lymphocytes among the three groups 24 h postinfection were significantly different (F = 0.0317, p < 0.05). Comparisons between groups showed that antigen detection rates in the cytoxan group were much higher than those in other groups, but there was no difference between the dexamethasone and control groups. The animals with persistent presence of antigen were much more susceptible to cerebral infection than those with short-term presence (p < 0.001). T cell functions of the cytoxan group were significantly lower than those of other groups (p < 0.05), as detected by the MTT method. Infection rates of the dexamethasone, cytoxan and control groups were 60, 90 and 50%, respectively. Cell immune functions of the mice with CNS infection were obviously worse than those of the mice without CNS infection (p < 0.001). RuV-specific antibodies were assayed in all groups by ELISA and the results showed that there were no significant differences among groups (p < 0.05) or between the groups with and without CNS infection. CONCLUSION: Cytoxan can affect virus detection rates in peripheral lymphocytes. At the early phase of infection, the persistent presence of RuV in peripheral lymphocytes increases the incidence of CNS infection. RuV infection in the CNS was related to the cell immune situation before specific antibody was produced in the body. CI - Copyright 2003 S. Karger AG, Basel FAU - Wang, Zhiyu AU - Wang Z AD - Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China. zhiyu.wang@sdu.edu.cn FAU - Yao, Ping AU - Yao P FAU - Song, Yanyan AU - Song Y FAU - Wang, Guiting AU - Wang G FAU - Wang, Yongkang AU - Wang Y FAU - Xu, Hongzhi AU - Xu H FAU - Wang, Peng AU - Wang P LA - eng PT - Journal Article PL - Switzerland TA - Intervirology JT - Intervirology JID - 0364265 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Antigens, Viral) RN - 0 (rubella antibodies) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Antibodies, Viral/blood MH - Antigens, Viral/blood MH - Central Nervous System Infections/*etiology/immunology/pathology/virology MH - Disease Models, Animal MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Leukocyte Count MH - Male MH - Mice MH - Mice, Inbred BALB C MH - Rubella/*etiology/immunology/pathology/virology MH - Rubella virus/immunology/isolation & purification/*pathogenicity MH - T-Lymphocytes/immunology EDAT- 2003/04/10 05:00 MHDA- 2003/06/14 05:00 CRDT- 2003/04/10 05:00 PHST- 2002/09/02 00:00 [received] PHST- 2002/11/04 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2003/04/10 05:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2003/06/14 05:00 [medline] PHST- 2003/04/10 05:00 [entrez] AID - 69742 [pii] AID - 10.1159/000069742 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Intervirology. 2003;46(2):79-85. doi: 10.1159/000069742. PMID- 15474720 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20041227 LR - 20191210 IS - 0264-410X (Print) IS - 0264-410X (Linking) VI - 22 IP - 31-32 DP - 2004 Oct 22 TI - Role of the virology diagnosis laboratory in the surveillance of rubella virus Cuba 1988/2000. PG - 4287-90 AB - In Cuba, on the basis of Measles Elimination Program, the incidence of this disease decline, and was necessary to test rubella virus as a possible etiology agent that produce fever and rash illness. To reach this goal, Cuba developed rubella elimination strategies with integrated epidemiologic and laboratory surveillance. In the country, the vaccination program against rubella started in 1982 by vaccinating 12-14 years old females, with a special surveillance program with laboratory study of all suspected cases. Through 1988-2000, the Serology Diagnosis Laboratory in the Virology Branch of Pedro Kouri Institute had the responsibility to do the measles and rubella surveillance and play a key roll in the elimination strategies of these diseases. For confirmation of all suspected cases, 8566 serum samples with the suspected diagnosis of measles or rubella from different provinces in Cuba were studied in the laboratory using different techniques as haemagglutination inhibition test (HIA), ultra micro analytic assay (UMA); and in 1995 by the newly introduced IgM ELISA, which was used taken only one sample in the acute phase of the disease. These techniques allowed knowing that the annual number of reported rubella cases in the country decreased substantially after the implementation, in 1986, of the second vaccine policy, that of vaccinating women of childbearing age. However, in 1989, was detected an outbreak of rubella virus infection that had occurred in young adults male 15-19 age groups in Matanzas' province. The last three indigenous cases of this disease were confirmed by our laboratory in 1995, after national vaccine coverage over 95%. FAU - de Los Angeles Ribas, Maria AU - de Los Angeles Ribas M AD - Pedro Kourí Institute, Autopista Novia del Mediodia Km 61/2, La Lisa, P.O. Box 601, Marianao 13, Havana City, Cuba. maribas@ipk.sld.cu FAU - Galindo, Miguel AU - Galindo M FAU - Torres, Gisset AU - Torres G FAU - Valcarsel, Marlen AU - Valcarsel M FAU - Cancio, Reynel AU - Cancio R FAU - Guzmán, Maria Guadalupe AU - Guzmán MG FAU - Rosario, Delfina AU - Rosario D FAU - Resik, Sonia AU - Resik S FAU - Rodriguez, Carina AU - Rodriguez C FAU - Garcia, Daneb AU - Garcia D FAU - Tejero, Yahisel AU - Tejero Y LA - eng PT - Journal Article PL - Netherlands TA - Vaccine JT - Vaccine JID - 8406899 RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin M) SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Animals MH - Child MH - Child, Preschool MH - Chlorocebus aethiops MH - Clinical Laboratory Techniques MH - Cuba/epidemiology MH - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay MH - Female MH - Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests MH - Humans MH - Immunoglobulin M/biosynthesis/genetics MH - Infant MH - Male MH - Population Surveillance MH - Rubella/*diagnosis/*epidemiology/virology MH - Vero Cells EDAT- 2004/10/12 09:00 MHDA- 2004/12/28 09:00 CRDT- 2004/10/12 09:00 PHST- 2003/01/15 00:00 [received] PHST- 2003/10/15 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2004/04/23 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2004/10/12 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2004/12/28 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2004/10/12 09:00 [entrez] AID - S0264-410X(04)00376-7 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.04.023 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Vaccine. 2004 Oct 22;22(31-32):4287-90. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.04.023. PMID- 11682134 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20020115 LR - 20191210 IS - 0168-1702 (Print) IS - 0168-1702 (Linking) VI - 81 IP - 1-2 DP - 2001 Dec 4 TI - Effect of site-directed asparagine to isoleucine substitutions at the N-linked E1 glycosylation sites on rubella virus viability. PG - 151-6 AB - The role of three N-linked glycosylation sites in rubella virus (RV) E1 protein on virion release was analyzed by transfecting Vero 76 cells with infectious RV RNA (Robo302WT) containing isoleucine substitutions at N76, N177, and N209 (individually and in combinations). RV RNAs were detected and found to retain substitutions in the transfected cells, but RV capsid indicative of infection was undetectable, except for in Robo302WT and Robo302-N177I transfected cells. Only culture supernatants of Robo302WT and Robo302-N177I RNA transfected cells were positive for RV, suggestive of the virion release into the culture medium. Further, detection of intracellular RV E1 and newly released virion-associated E1 was possible only from cells previously incubated with Robo302-N177I and Robo302WT culture supernatants, suggesting that N177I substituted virus retained infectivity. These results suggest that while glycosylation at N177 is not critical, N76I and N209I mutations are lethal to RV viability. FAU - Ramanujam, M AU - Ramanujam M AD - Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. FAU - Hofmann, J AU - Hofmann J FAU - Nakhasi, H L AU - Nakhasi HL FAU - Atreya, C D AU - Atreya CD LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. PL - Netherlands TA - Virus Res JT - Virus research JID - 8410979 RN - 0 (Culture Media, Conditioned) RN - 0 (Viral Envelope Proteins) RN - 04Y7590D77 (Isoleucine) RN - 131016-01-8 (E1 envelope protein, Rubella virus) RN - 7006-34-0 (Asparagine) SB - IM MH - *Amino Acid Substitution MH - Animals MH - Asparagine/chemistry/genetics MH - Chlorocebus aethiops MH - Culture Media, Conditioned MH - Glycosylation MH - Immunoblotting MH - Isoleucine/chemistry/genetics MH - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction MH - Rubella virus/*genetics/*growth & development/pathogenicity MH - Transfection MH - Vero Cells MH - Viral Envelope Proteins/*genetics/metabolism MH - Virion/*metabolism EDAT- 2001/10/30 10:00 MHDA- 2002/01/16 10:01 CRDT- 2001/10/30 10:00 PHST- 2001/10/30 10:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2002/01/16 10:01 [medline] PHST- 2001/10/30 10:00 [entrez] AID - S0168170201003744 [pii] AID - 10.1016/s0168-1702(01)00374-4 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Virus Res. 2001 Dec 4;81(1-2):151-6. doi: 10.1016/s0168-1702(01)00374-4. PMID- 15025383 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20040430 LR - 20041117 IS - 0377-4929 (Print) IS - 0377-4929 (Linking) VI - 46 IP - 4 DP - 2003 Oct TI - Primary rubella virus infection: prevalence and relationship to pregnancy wastage. PG - 688-9 AB - A total of 580 females (200 in prepubertal age and 380 in reproductive age group) were screened for primary rubella infection. Rubella specific serology (IgM and IgG) was studied by ELISA using commercially available diagnostic kits. IgM seropositivity was observed in 56 of 200 females (28%) of prepubertal age and 26 of 380 females (6.84%) in reproductive age group. Out of 380 females in reproductive age, 183 presented with history of adverse pregnancy outcome and they showed a higher percentage of IgM seropositivity (10.38%) as compared to those with normal obstetric performance (3.55%). However, the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). IgG seronegativity was found in 109 females (28.68%) in reproductive age suggesting their susceptibility to acquire primary rubella infection. Five of 380 (0.32%) females were seropositive for both IgG and IgM indicating reinfection. FAU - Singla, Nidhi AU - Singla N AD - Department of Microbiology, Medical College, Amritsar. nidhi0402@hotmail.com FAU - Jindal, Neerja AU - Jindal N FAU - Aggarwal, Aruna AU - Aggarwal A LA - eng PT - Journal Article PL - India TA - Indian J Pathol Microbiol JT - Indian journal of pathology & microbiology JID - 7605904 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Antibodies, Viral/blood MH - Child MH - Female MH - Humans MH - India/epidemiology MH - Middle Aged MH - Pregnancy MH - Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/*epidemiology MH - Pregnancy Outcome MH - Rubella/*complications/*epidemiology MH - Rubella virus/immunology EDAT- 2004/03/18 05:00 MHDA- 2004/05/01 05:00 CRDT- 2004/03/18 05:00 PHST- 2004/03/18 05:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2004/05/01 05:00 [medline] PHST- 2004/03/18 05:00 [entrez] PST - ppublish SO - Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2003 Oct;46(4):688-9. PMID- 12423695 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20030130 LR - 20191210 IS - 1386-6532 (Print) IS - 1386-6532 (Linking) VI - 25 IP - 3 DP - 2002 Dec TI - Apoptosis induction by the infection with Gilchrist strain of rubella virus. PG - 309-15 AB - Apoptosis is an active process of cellular self-destruction, which can be initiated in response to several stimuli such as toxic substances, hormones, cytokines, trophic or osmotic modifications and viral infections. In this study, we demonstrate that in vitro rubella-virus (RV) induced cell death exhibited properties of apoptosis, characterized by condensation and segmentation of nuclei and internucleosomal cleavage of nuclear DNA. Apoptosis was not seen in the cells absorbed with UV-inactivated virus, indicating that the viral replication is required for the induction of apoptosis. Our results suggest that most of the cells undergoing apoptosis are non-infected neighboring cells. FAU - Martinez, Lidia Dora AU - Martinez LD AD - Laboratorio de Inmunología, Instituto de Virología Dr J.M. Vanella, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Agencia 4, Ciudad Universitaria, Argentina. dormar50@hotmail.com FAU - Zapata, Marta Teresa AU - Zapata MT LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - Netherlands TA - J Clin Virol JT - Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology JID - 9815671 SB - IM MH - Animals MH - *Apoptosis MH - Chlorocebus aethiops MH - DNA Damage MH - Microscopy, Electron MH - Rubella virus/*pathogenicity MH - Vero Cells MH - Virus Replication EDAT- 2002/11/09 04:00 MHDA- 2003/01/31 04:00 CRDT- 2002/11/09 04:00 PHST- 2002/11/09 04:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2003/01/31 04:00 [medline] PHST- 2002/11/09 04:00 [entrez] AID - S1386653202000239 [pii] AID - 10.1016/s1386-6532(02)00023-9 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Clin Virol. 2002 Dec;25(3):309-15. doi: 10.1016/s1386-6532(02)00023-9. PMID- 17500233 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20070608 LR - 20161109 IS - 0507-4088 (Print) IS - 0507-4088 (Linking) VI - 52 IP - 2 DP - 2007 Mar-Apr TI - [Analysis of genomes of two rubella virus strains from the 2004-2005 outbreaks in West Siberia]. PG - 16-9 AB - Two outbreaks of rubella infections notified in the Tomsk and Kemerovo Regions were investigated. Two rubella virus strains from one patient in each outbreak were isolated and genetically characterized. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to reveal partial E1 gene sequence at a length of 915 nucleotides. Analysis indicated that the rubella virus strains circulating in the West-Siberian region belonged to international genetic 1g group, which had been first detected in Russia. FAU - Iashina, L N AU - Iashina LN FAU - Tiunnikov, G I AU - Tiunnikov GI FAU - Petrova, I D AU - Petrova ID FAU - Seregin, S V AU - Seregin SV FAU - Seregin, S S AU - Seregin SS FAU - Ternovoĭ, V A AU - Ternovoĭ VA FAU - Malkova, E M AU - Malkova EM FAU - Ustinova, E N AU - Ustinova EN FAU - Netesov, S V AU - Netesov SV FAU - Drozdov, I G AU - Drozdov IG FAU - Petrov, V S AU - Petrov VS LA - rus SI - GENBANK/DQ454161 SI - GENBANK/DQ454162 PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - Russia (Federation) TA - Vopr Virusol JT - Voprosy virusologii JID - 0417337 RN - 0 (Viral Envelope Proteins) RN - 131016-01-8 (E1 envelope protein, Rubella virus) SB - IM MH - *Disease Outbreaks MH - Genome, Viral MH - Humans MH - *Molecular Epidemiology MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - Phylogeny MH - Rubella/*epidemiology MH - Rubella virus/*genetics MH - Siberia/epidemiology MH - Species Specificity MH - Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics EDAT- 2007/05/16 09:00 MHDA- 2007/06/09 09:00 CRDT- 2007/05/16 09:00 PHST- 2007/05/16 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2007/06/09 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2007/05/16 09:00 [entrez] PST - ppublish SO - Vopr Virusol. 2007 Mar-Apr;52(2):16-9. PMID- 18925886 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20090707 LR - 20151119 IS - 1398-9995 (Electronic) IS - 0105-4538 (Linking) VI - 63 IP - 11 DP - 2008 Nov TI - Specific IgE to allergens in cord blood is associated with maternal immunity to Toxoplasma gondii and rubella virus. PG - 1505-11 LID - 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2008.01793.x [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Various studies have found reduced prevalences of atopic sensitization and atopic diseases in children previously exposed to infections or living conditions with a high microbial burden, such as the farming environment. OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine the relationships of cord blood immunoglobulin E (IgE) with maternal health conditions before and during pregnancy. METHODS: Pregnant women living in rural areas in five European countries were recruited in the third trimester of pregnancy. Information on maternal health during pregnancy was collected from maternity records and by questionnaires (n = 497). Specific IgE for inhalant and food allergens was assessed in cord blood and peripheral blood samples of the mothers. RESULTS: Inverse associations of cord blood IgE to seasonal allergens with positive maternal records for Toxoplasma gondii (adjusted odds ratio = 0.37 [0.17-0.81]) and rubella virus (adjusted odds ratio = 0.35 [0.13-0.96]) were found. The previously described effect of prenatal farm exposure on IgE to seasonal allergens was partly confounded by a positive maternal record for T. gondii. The number of maternal siblings, maternal contact to cats during pregnancy or during her first year of life, predicted a positive maternal record for T. gondii. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal immunity to T. gondii and rubella may impact on atopic sensitization in the fetus. A positive T. gondii record explained the previously identified effect of prenatal farm exposure on IgE to seasonal allergens only to a minor extent. FAU - Ege, M J AU - Ege MJ AD - University Children's Hospital, Munich, Germany. FAU - Herzum, I AU - Herzum I FAU - Büchele, G AU - Büchele G FAU - Krauss-Etschmann, S AU - Krauss-Etschmann S FAU - Lauener, R P AU - Lauener RP FAU - Bitter, S AU - Bitter S FAU - Roponen, M AU - Roponen M FAU - Remes, S AU - Remes S FAU - Vuitton, D A AU - Vuitton DA FAU - Riedler, J AU - Riedler J FAU - Brunekreef, B AU - Brunekreef B FAU - Dalphin, J-C AU - Dalphin JC FAU - Braun-Fahrländer, C AU - Braun-Fahrländer C FAU - Pekkanen, J AU - Pekkanen J FAU - Renz, H AU - Renz H FAU - von Mutius, E AU - von Mutius E CN - PASTURE Study Group LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - Denmark TA - Allergy JT - Allergy JID - 7804028 RN - 0 (Allergens) RN - 37341-29-0 (Immunoglobulin E) SB - IM MH - Allergens/*immunology MH - Animals MH - Female MH - Fetal Blood/*immunology MH - Humans MH - Hypersensitivity, Immediate/blood/*immunology/microbiology/virology MH - Immunoglobulin E/*blood MH - Pregnancy MH - Rubella/*immunology MH - Rubella virus/*immunology MH - Surveys and Questionnaires MH - Toxoplasma/*immunology MH - Toxoplasmosis/*immunology FIR - Weiss, Gertraud IR - Weiss G FIR - Ublagger, Ellen IR - Ublagger E FIR - Humer, Claudia IR - Humer C FIR - Russegger, Manuela IR - Russegger M FIR - Juntunen, Raija IR - Juntunen R FIR - Tiihonen, Reetta IR - Tiihonen R FIR - Tiittanen, Pekka IR - Tiittanen P FIR - Hirvonen, Maija-Riitta IR - Hirvonen MR FIR - Huttunen, Kati IR - Huttunen K FIR - Virtanen, Suvi IR - Virtanen S FIR - Kauppila, Timo IR - Kauppila T FIR - Nevalainen, Aino IR - Nevalainen A FIR - Hyvärinen, Anne IR - Hyvärinen A FIR - Tuomainen, Tomi-Pekka IR - Tuomainen TP FIR - Karvonen, Anne IR - Karvonen A FIR - Dalphin, Marie-Laure IR - Dalphin ML FIR - Piarroux, Renaud IR - Piarroux R FIR - Reboux, Gabriel IR - Reboux G FIR - Roussel, Sandrine IR - Roussel S FIR - Sudre, Bertrand IR - Sudre B FIR - Schmid, Susanne IR - Schmid S FIR - Illi, Sabina IR - Illi S FIR - Korherr, Nicola IR - Korherr N FIR - Genuneit, Jon IR - Genuneit J FIR - Peter, Richard IR - Peter R FIR - Sel, Serdar IR - Sel S FIR - Blümer, Nicole IR - Blümer N FIR - Pfefferle, Petra IR - Pfefferle P FIR - Gehring, Ulrike IR - Gehring U FIR - Sennhauser, Felix H IR - Sennhauser FH FIR - Loeliger, Susanne IR - Loeliger S FIR - Steinle, Johanna IR - Steinle J FIR - Frei, Remo IR - Frei R EDAT- 2008/10/18 09:00 MHDA- 2009/07/08 09:00 CRDT- 2008/10/18 09:00 PHST- 2008/10/18 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2009/07/08 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2008/10/18 09:00 [entrez] AID - ALL1793 [pii] AID - 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2008.01793.x [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Allergy. 2008 Nov;63(11):1505-11. doi: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2008.01793.x. PMID- 15956800 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20051006 LR - 20110309 IS - 0300-5526 (Print) IS - 0300-5526 (Linking) VI - 48 IP - 5 DP - 2005 TI - Expression and characterization of rubella virus glycoprotein E1 in yeast cells. PG - 321-8 AB - OBJECTIVES: To express E1 glycoprotein of rubella virus (RuV) strain JR23 in yeast and develop a diagnostic assay using expressed E1 protein as coating antigen in comparison with other diagnostic assays. METHODS: cDNA of E1 open reading frame of RuV was PCR amplified using plasmid pMD18-T-E1 as template and cloned into plasmid pBluscriptII SK+. After being confirmed by PCR, restriction endonuclease digestion and sequencing, pBluscriptII SK(+)-E1 plasmid DNA was digested by restriction endonuclease EcoR I and Xba I, and a fragment of 1.5 kb was isolated and cloned into a yeast expression pGAPZ(alpha)A, resulting in pGAPZ(alpha)A-E1. After confirmation by sequencing, pGAPZ(alpha)A- E1 was transformed into yeast GS115 cells with LiCl method. E1 protein expression in GS115 was analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. An indirect ELISA was developed using the recombinant E1 protein as coating antigen for detecting RuV E1 antibodies in 90 serum samples. To compare the specificity, sensitivity and reproducibility of the assay with other methods, the same serum samples were also assayed by RuV culture medium as coating antigen (Jingmei kit and German RECI kit). Statistical analyses were performed to compare the differences among these methods and to determine which coating antigen source, the recombinant E1 protein or RuV-infected culture medium, is more suitable for the assay. RESULTS: A fragment of 1.5 kb, corresponding to the full open reading frame of E1, was PCR amplified and cloned in yeast expression vector. The clone was confirmed by restriction digestion, PCR and sequencing. E1 as a secretive protein was successfully expressed by GS115. Its molecular weight was about 58 kDa. SDS-PAGE showed that the recombinant protein was expressed efficiently and constantly in Pichia pastoris GS115 cells. The expression level reached a peak 48 h after culturing and stabilized thereafter. E1 protein was detected in both supernatant and cells. Western blot showed that the secretive E1 protein in the supernatants could react with both the anti-RuV-positive serum and a monoclonal antibody against E1. However, E1 protein derived from cells could only react with the anti-RuV-positive serum, polyclonal antibody, but not the monoclonal antibody. Compared with the German RECI kit, the sensitivity, specificity, and accordance rate of the assay using recombinant E1 protein as coating antigen were 67.11, 71.43 and 67.78%, respectively, while those of the assay using RuV-infected culture medium as coating antigen were 50, 78.57 and 54.44%, respectively. Compared with the German RECI kit, the sensitivity, specificity, and accordance rate of the ELISA assay using the Jingmei kit were 84.71, 71.43 and 82.22%, respectively. The data indicated that recombinant E1 protein derived from the yeast expression system can serve as a better source than RuV-infected cell medium as coating antigen for detecting antibodies against RuV in the indirect ELISA assay. Statistical analysis of the data generated from two independent experiments using recombinant E1 protein as coating antigen indicated that the assay was very consistent with no statistically significant difference between the two experiments (p > 0.05). 76 out of 90 serum samples were detected positive using the German RECI kit, while 68, 55 and 41 samples were positive using the Jingmei kit, recombinant E1 and RuV-infected cell medium, respectively. Statistical analyses indicated that the positive rates were significantly different among all four assays (p < 0.05) except for one pair (German RECI kit and the Jingmei kit: p > 0.05). Comparing the positive rates obtained from the assay using recombinant E1 and that using RuV-infected cell medium, it seems that the recombinant E1 protein is a better source than RuV culture medium as coating antigen in the indirect ELISA assay for detection of RuV antibody. CONCLUSIONS: The recombinant yeast expression vector of RuV E1 glycoprotein was constructed successfully. The E1 protein as a secretive protein was successfully expressed by GS115 and maintained its antigenicity very well. As coating antigen, the recombinant E1 protein served a better source than RuV culture medium in the indirect ELISA method for the detection of RuV antibody. CI - Copyright 2005 S. Karger AG, Basel FAU - Wen, Hongling AU - Wen H AD - Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China. FAU - Wang, Zhiyu AU - Wang Z LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - Switzerland TA - Intervirology JT - Intervirology JID - 0364265 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Antigens, Viral) RN - 0 (DNA, Complementary) RN - 0 (Recombinant Proteins) RN - 0 (Viral Envelope Proteins) RN - 0 (rubella antibodies) RN - 131016-01-8 (E1 envelope protein, Rubella virus) SB - IM MH - Antibodies, Viral/blood MH - Antigens, Viral/genetics/immunology MH - Cloning, Molecular MH - DNA, Complementary MH - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/*methods MH - Genetic Vectors MH - Humans MH - Molecular Weight MH - Pichia/*genetics/metabolism MH - Polymerase Chain Reaction MH - Recombinant Proteins/genetics/immunology MH - Reproducibility of Results MH - Rubella/*diagnosis MH - Rubella virus/*immunology MH - Sensitivity and Specificity MH - Viral Envelope Proteins/*genetics/*immunology EDAT- 2005/06/16 09:00 MHDA- 2005/10/07 09:00 CRDT- 2005/06/16 09:00 PHST- 2004/12/30 00:00 [received] PHST- 2005/02/02 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2005/06/16 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2005/10/07 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2005/06/16 09:00 [entrez] AID - 85101 [pii] AID - 10.1159/000085101 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Intervirology. 2005;48(5):321-8. doi: 10.1159/000085101. PMID- 11427427 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20011004 LR - 20191210 IS - 1071-412X (Print) IS - 1098-6588 (Electronic) IS - 1071-412X (Linking) VI - 8 IP - 4 DP - 2001 Jul TI - Antenatal screening for hepatitis B and antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii and rubella virus: evaluation of two commercial immunoassay systems. PG - 785-7 AB - A comparative evaluation of the Abbott AxSYM and DPC Immulite random-access analyzers was performed using 497 prospectively collected serum samples. These samples were sent to the laboratory for routine antenatal screening for hepatitis B surface antigen and immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii and rubella virus. The overall agreement between the two assay systems ranged from 97.4 to 100%. After discrepancy analysis, the outcome in terms of sensitivity and specificity varied from 98.2 to 100% for all but one of the assays tested. The AxSYM rubella virus IgG assay tended to report protective or indeterminate antibody levels in 1% of the samples. This shortcoming might be overcome by raising the cutoff of the microparticle enzyme immunoassay system. FAU - Diepersloot, R J AU - Diepersloot RJ AD - Laboratory for Medical Microbiology, Diakonessen Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands. Rdiepersloot@diakhuis.nl FAU - Dunnewold-Hoekstra, H AU - Dunnewold-Hoekstra H FAU - Kruit-Den Hollander, J AU - Kruit-Den Hollander J FAU - Vlaspolder, F AU - Vlaspolder F LA - eng PT - Comparative Study PT - Evaluation Study PT - Journal Article TA - Clin Diagn Lab Immunol JT - Clinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology JID - 9421292 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Protozoan) RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Hepatitis B Surface Antigens) RN - 0 (Reagent Kits, Diagnostic) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Antibodies, Protozoan/*blood/immunology MH - Antibodies, Viral/*blood/immunology MH - Female MH - Hepatitis B/blood/*diagnosis/immunology MH - Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/*blood MH - Hepatitis B virus/immunology/isolation & purification MH - Humans MH - Immunoassay/*methods MH - Pregnancy MH - Prenatal Diagnosis/*methods MH - Prospective Studies MH - *Reagent Kits, Diagnostic MH - Rubella/*diagnosis/immunology MH - Toxoplasma/immunology MH - Toxoplasmosis/blood/*diagnosis/immunology PMC - PMC96143 EDAT- 2001/06/28 10:00 MHDA- 2001/10/05 10:01 CRDT- 2001/06/28 10:00 PHST- 2001/06/28 10:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2001/10/05 10:01 [medline] PHST- 2001/06/28 10:00 [entrez] AID - 0214 [pii] AID - 10.1128/CDLI.8.4.785-787.2001 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2001 Jul;8(4):785-7. doi: 10.1128/CDLI.8.4.785-787.2001. PMID- 17997912 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20080107 LR - 20190608 IS - 1560-7917 (Electronic) IS - 1025-496X (Linking) VI - 12 IP - 10 DP - 2007 Oct 25 TI - Genotyping of measles and rubella virus strains circulating in Poland in 2007. PG - E071025.2 FAU - Makowka, A AU - Makowka A AD - Department of Virology, National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland. amakowka@pzh.gov.pl FAU - Gut, W AU - Gut W FAU - Litwinska, B AU - Litwinska B FAU - Santibanez, S AU - Santibanez S FAU - Mankertz, A AU - Mankertz A LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20071025 PL - Sweden TA - Euro Surveill JT - Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin JID - 100887452 SB - IM MH - Disease Outbreaks/statistics & numerical data MH - Female MH - Genotype MH - Humans MH - Incidence MH - Male MH - Measles/*epidemiology/*microbiology MH - Measles virus/classification/*genetics/isolation & purification MH - Poland/epidemiology MH - Population Surveillance MH - Risk Assessment/methods MH - Risk Factors MH - Rubella/*epidemiology/*microbiology MH - Rubella virus/classification/*genetics/isolation & purification EDAT- 2007/11/14 09:00 MHDA- 2008/01/08 09:00 CRDT- 2007/11/14 09:00 PHST- 2007/11/14 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2008/01/08 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2007/11/14 09:00 [entrez] AID - 2295 [pii] AID - 10.2807/esw.12.43.03295-en [doi] PST - epublish SO - Euro Surveill. 2007 Oct 25;12(10):E071025.2. doi: 10.2807/esw.12.43.03295-en. PMID- 16570206 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20061109 LR - 20200325 IS - 0304-8608 (Print) IS - 1432-8798 (Electronic) IS - 0304-8608 (Linking) VI - 151 IP - 9 DP - 2006 Sep TI - The rubella virus nonstructural protease recognizes itself via an internal sequence present upstream of the cleavage site for trans-activity. PG - 1841-51 AB - The substrate requirement for rubella virus protease trans-activity is unknown. Here, we analyzed the cleavability of RV P200-derived substrates varying in their N-terminal lengths (72-475 amino acids) from the cleavage site by the RV protease trans-activity. Only substrates with at least 309 amino acid residues N-terminal to the cleavage site were able to undergo cleavage. Further, rubella sequence was found to be necessary in the N-terminal region of the substrate, whereas a heterologous sequence C-terminal to the cleavage site was tolerated. These results demonstrated a requirement for residues located between amino acids 994-1102 of the RV P200 polyprotein, besides its cleavage site for RV protease trans-activity. This region overlaps with the starting site of the essential cis-protease activity of RV P200 polyprotein. This is a novel observation for a viral protease of the family Togaviridae. FAU - Chen, H H AU - Chen HH AD - Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. FAU - Stark, C J AU - Stark CJ FAU - Atreya, C D AU - Atreya CD LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20060327 TA - Arch Virol JT - Archives of virology JID - 7506870 RN - 0 (Polyproteins) RN - 0 (Viral Nonstructural Proteins) RN - EC 3.4.- (Peptide Hydrolases) SB - IM MH - Binding Sites MH - Peptide Hydrolases/chemistry/*metabolism MH - Polyproteins/metabolism MH - Protein Processing, Post-Translational MH - Protein Structure, Tertiary MH - Rubella virus/*enzymology/physiology MH - Sequence Deletion MH - Substrate Specificity MH - Viral Nonstructural Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism PMC - PMC7086818 EDAT- 2006/03/30 09:00 MHDA- 2006/11/11 09:00 CRDT- 2006/03/30 09:00 PHST- 2006/01/13 00:00 [received] PHST- 2006/02/20 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2006/03/30 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2006/11/11 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2006/03/30 09:00 [entrez] AID - 744 [pii] AID - 10.1007/s00705-006-0744-9 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Arch Virol. 2006 Sep;151(9):1841-51. doi: 10.1007/s00705-006-0744-9. Epub 2006 Mar 27. PMID- 10846076 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20000810 LR - 20191210 IS - 0022-538X (Print) IS - 1098-5514 (Electronic) IS - 0022-538X (Linking) VI - 74 IP - 13 DP - 2000 Jul TI - Characterization of the zinc binding activity of the rubella virus nonstructural protease. PG - 5949-56 AB - The rubella virus (RUB) nonstructural (NS) protein (NSP) ORF encodes a protease that cleaves the NSP precursor (240 kDa) at a single site to produce two products. A cleavage site mutation was introduced into a RUB infectious cDNA clone and found to be lethal, demonstrating that cleavage of the NSP precursor is necessary for RUB replication. Based on computer alignments, the RUB NS protease was predicted to be a papain-like cysteine protease (PCP) with the residues Cys1152 and His1273 as the catalytic dyad; however, the RUB NS protease was recently found to require divalent cations such as Zn, Co, and Cd for activity (X. Liu, S. L. Ropp, R. J. Jackson, and T. K. Frey, J. Virol. 72:4463-4466, 1998). To analyze the function of metal cation binding in protease activity, Zn binding studies were performed using the minimal NS protease domain within the NSP ORF. When expressed as a maltose binding protein (MBP) fusion protein by bacteria, the NS protease exhibited activity both in the bacteria and in vitro following purification when denatured and refolded in the presence of Zn. Atomic absorption analysis detected 1.6 mol of Zn bound per mol of protein refolded in this manner. Expression of individual domains within the protease as MBP fusions and analysis by a Zn(65) binding assay revealed two Zn binding domains: one located at a predicted metal binding motif beginning at Cys1175 and the other one close to the cleavage site. Mutagenesis studies showed that Cys1175 and Cys1178 in the first domain and Cys1227 and His1273, the His in the predicted catalytic site, in the second domain are essential for zinc binding. All of these residues are also necessary for the protease activity, as were several other Cys residues not involved in Zn binding. Far-UV circular dichroism (CD) analysis of the MBP-NS protease fusion protein showed that the protease domain contained a large amount of alpha-helical structure, which is consistent with the results of secondary-structural prediction. Both far-UV-CD and fluorescence studies suggested that Zn did not exert a major effect on the overall structure of the fusion protein. Finally, protease inhibitor assays found that the protease activity can be blocked by both metal ion chelators and the metalloprotease inhibitor captopril. In conjunction with the finding that the previously predicted catalytic site, His1273, is essential for zinc binding, this suggests that the RUB NS protease is actually a novel virus metalloprotease rather than a PCP. FAU - Liu, X AU - Liu X AD - Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta 30303, USA. FAU - Yang, J AU - Yang J FAU - Ghazi, A M AU - Ghazi AM FAU - Frey, T K AU - Frey TK LA - eng GR - R01 AI021389/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States GR - AI 21389/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. TA - J Virol JT - Journal of virology JID - 0113724 RN - 0 (Protease Inhibitors) RN - 0 (Recombinant Fusion Proteins) RN - 0 (Viral Nonstructural Proteins) RN - EC 3.4.22.2 (Papain) RN - J41CSQ7QDS (Zinc) SB - IM MH - Amino Acid Sequence MH - Animals MH - Binding Sites MH - Chlorocebus aethiops MH - Chromosome Mapping MH - Gene Expression MH - Humans MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - Mutagenesis MH - Papain/genetics/*metabolism MH - Protease Inhibitors/pharmacology MH - Protein Binding MH - Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics/metabolism MH - Rubella virus/*enzymology/genetics MH - Vero Cells MH - Viral Nonstructural Proteins/genetics/*metabolism MH - Zinc/*metabolism PMC - PMC112091 EDAT- 2000/06/14 09:00 MHDA- 2000/08/12 11:00 CRDT- 2000/06/14 09:00 PHST- 2000/06/14 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2000/08/12 11:00 [medline] PHST- 2000/06/14 09:00 [entrez] AID - 1847 [pii] AID - 10.1128/jvi.74.13.5949-5956.2000 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Virol. 2000 Jul;74(13):5949-56. doi: 10.1128/jvi.74.13.5949-5956.2000. PMID- 18232492 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20111128 LR - 20080131 IS - 1001-5515 (Print) IS - 1001-5515 (Linking) VI - 24 IP - 6 DP - 2007 Dec TI - [Development and clinical trial of fluorescence real time PCR to detect rubella virus]. PG - 1352-6 AB - To establish a novel rapid, convenient, sensitive and specific method applicable to quantitative analysis of the rubella virus extensively, RV total RNA was extracted with Trizol. The envelope glycoprotein E1 gene was amplified from rubella virus by PCR, and the PCR products were cloned into the pMD18-T cloning vector and transfected into DH5alpha. After Amp selection and analysis of restriction enzyme, the clones carrying the E1 gene were identified. After quantitation and serial dilution, the quantitative analysis of E1 gene was made by real-time PCR with the use of FAM as indicator. Standard curve of the real-time PCR was plotted with starting cDNA concentration versus threshold cycle. Then the new method was used to measure 50 cases with suspectable RV infection. The results were compared with those obtained by ELISA assay. TaqMan(r)MGB real-time PCR could help evaluate the level of virus reliably. The correlation coefficient of the standard curve is 0.998, and the linear range of the system is from 10(3) copies/microl to 10(9) copies/microl in clinical samples. The CV value is 0.94% in batch assay and 3.36% in day to day assay. The new method is more sensitive and specific than ELISA assay. For its simplicity, sensitivity, specificity and digitized results, the real-time PCR for quantification of RV cDNA in clinical samples is available. FAU - Pu, Xiaorong AU - Pu X AD - Department of Laboratorial Medicine, Chongqing University of Medical Sciences, Chongqing 400016, China. FAU - Zhang, Dechun AU - Zhang D LA - chi PT - Clinical Trial PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - China TA - Sheng Wu Yi Xue Gong Cheng Xue Za Zhi JT - Sheng wu yi xue gong cheng xue za zhi = Journal of biomedical engineering = Shengwu yixue gongchengxue zazhi JID - 9426398 RN - 0 (DNA, Viral) SB - IM MH - DNA, Viral/analysis MH - Fluorescence MH - Humans MH - Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/*methods MH - Rubella virus/*isolation & purification MH - Sensitivity and Specificity EDAT- 2008/02/01 09:00 MHDA- 2011/12/13 00:00 CRDT- 2008/02/01 09:00 PHST- 2008/02/01 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2011/12/13 00:00 [medline] PHST- 2008/02/01 09:00 [entrez] PST - ppublish SO - Sheng Wu Yi Xue Gong Cheng Xue Za Zhi. 2007 Dec;24(6):1352-6. PMID- 12829043 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20040123 LR - 20191107 IS - 1386-6532 (Print) IS - 1386-6532 (Linking) VI - 27 IP - 2 DP - 2003 Jul TI - The genomic analysis of rubella virus detected from outbreak and sporadic cases in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. PG - 205-9 AB - BACKGROUND: The molecular epidemiology of rubella virus (RV) based on the analysis of the viral E1 gene sequences indicated the existence of two genotypes that differ from each other by 8 to 10% in their nucleotide sequences: genotype I is present in Europe, North America and Asia; and genotype II is present only in Asia. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study was to identify the RV genotypes circulating in Brazil. STUDY DESIGN: In this study, we analysed 86 clinical samples collected between 1996 and 1999 during a rubella outbreak and from sporadic cases of rubella in Rio de Janeiro State. For the molecular characterisation of RV strains we have used PCR/nested amplification and direct sequencing of a 513-nucleotide region of the E1 gene. RESULTS: The E1 gene sequences of 14 RVs were obtained and were assigned to two lineages, both within genotype I. The percentage divergence of nucleotide sequence ranged from 3.4 to 5.1% between these two lineages. These results were in agreement with the pattern of variation observed among the sequences obtained from other lineages of RV. CONCLUSIONS: This work demonstrated that two new lineages of RV circulated simultaneously between the years 1996 and 1999 in the state of Rio de Janeiro. These results provided new approaches for monitoring the progress of vaccination efforts in Brazil. FAU - Donadio, Flávia F AU - Donadio FF AD - Department of Virology, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, 21045-900, Brazil. FAU - Siqueira, Marilda M AU - Siqueira MM FAU - Vyse, Andrew AU - Vyse A FAU - Jin, Li AU - Jin L FAU - Oliveira, Solange A AU - Oliveira SA LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - Netherlands TA - J Clin Virol JT - Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology JID - 9815671 RN - 0 (RNA, Viral) SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Brazil/epidemiology MH - Child MH - Child, Preschool MH - *Disease Outbreaks MH - Genes, Viral MH - Humans MH - Molecular Epidemiology MH - Phylogeny MH - RNA, Viral/analysis MH - Rubella/*epidemiology MH - Rubella virus/*genetics/isolation & purification EDAT- 2003/06/28 05:00 MHDA- 2004/01/24 05:00 CRDT- 2003/06/28 05:00 PHST- 2003/06/28 05:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2004/01/24 05:00 [medline] PHST- 2003/06/28 05:00 [entrez] AID - S1386653202002706 [pii] AID - 10.1016/s1386-6532(02)00270-6 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Clin Virol. 2003 Jul;27(2):205-9. doi: 10.1016/s1386-6532(02)00270-6. PMID- 19472904 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20090805 LR - 20090528 IS - 1009-3591 (Print) IS - 1009-3591 (Linking) VI - 15 IP - 4 DP - 2009 Apr TI - [Construction of plasmid expression vector for specific peptide of the rubella virus E1 gene]. PG - 318-21 AB - OBJECTIVE: To construct a recombinant plasmid vector of the RV specific fragment for expressing the specific fragment of RV E1 protein. METHODS: RNA of the RV attenuated live vaccine Wistar RA27/3 strain was extracted and reversely transcribed. The specific fragment of the E1 gene was amplified and the PCR products cloned in the vector pGEX-2T after purification. Positive clones were selected and identified by two-enzyme digestion and sequence analysis. RESULTS: A 330 bp target fragment was successfully cloned, and the sequence of the recombinant plasmid was consistent with the original sequence. CONCLUSION: Successful cloning of the RV El specific fragment and the construction of the recombinant plasmid have laid a foundation for further expressing the recombinant protein. FAU - Cao, Jing AU - Cao J AD - Department of Immunology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China. FAU - Huang, Yu-Feng AU - Huang YF FAU - Gao, Jian AU - Gao J FAU - Wang, Hao-Yang AU - Wang HY FAU - Lu, Jin-Chun AU - Lu JC LA - chi PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - China TA - Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue JT - Zhonghua nan ke xue = National journal of andrology JID - 101093592 RN - 0 (RNA, Viral) RN - 0 (Viral Envelope Proteins) RN - 131016-01-8 (E1 envelope protein, Rubella virus) SB - IM MH - Base Sequence MH - Cloning, Molecular MH - Gene Expression MH - Genetic Vectors MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - *Plasmids MH - RNA, Viral MH - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction MH - Rubella virus/*genetics/immunology MH - Viral Envelope Proteins/*genetics/immunology EDAT- 2009/05/29 09:00 MHDA- 2009/08/06 09:00 CRDT- 2009/05/29 09:00 PHST- 2009/05/29 09:00 [entrez] PHST- 2009/05/29 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2009/08/06 09:00 [medline] PST - ppublish SO - Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue. 2009 Apr;15(4):318-21. PMID- 18543485 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20100810 LR - 20161018 IS - 1003-5370 (Print) IS - 1003-5370 (Linking) VI - 28 IP - 4 DP - 2008 Apr TI - [Clinical and experimental study on effects of huanglan granule in inhibiting rubella virus]. PG - 322-5 AB - OBJECTIVE: To explore the therapeutic effect and acting mechanism of Huanglan Granule (HLG) on rubella virus (RuV). METHODS: Sixty patients with positive RuV-IgM were randomly assigned to two groups equally, the treatment group was medicated by HLG (one dosage per day, containing milkvetch root, isatis root and basket fern, each 30 g), while the control group by ribavirin (0.2 g, three times per day) for 20 days. The negative conversion rate of RuV-IgM and the serum levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) were observed before and after treatment. Moreover, the in vitro inhibitory activity of HLG against RuV Gos line on cultured Vero cells was determined by cytopathic inhibition method. RESULTS: The difference of negative conversion rate between the two groups after one course treatment was significant (86.7% vs 63.3%, P <0.05). However, it turned to insignificant after two courses of treatment (100% vs 86.7%, P >0.05). The serum level of IL-2 was lower and TNF-alpha was higher significantly in patients with positive RuV-IgM as compared with the normal range, and the two indexes returned to the normal range rapidly after HLG treatment. In vitro study showed that the inhibitory effect of HLG on RuV caused cellular change was evident. CONCLUSION: HLG has obvious inhibitory effect on RuV, both in vitro and in vivo, it can also raise the immunity of organism and thus it serves as a safe and effective Chinese medicine for treatment of active RuV infection. FAU - He, Yi AU - He Y AD - Hospital of Integrative Chinese & Western Medicine, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan. zxghy@163.com FAU - Hao, Xian-Ping AU - Hao XP FAU - Yang, Dan AU - Yang D LA - chi PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PL - China TA - Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi JT - Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine JID - 9211576 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Drugs, Chinese Herbal) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin M) RN - 0 (Interleukin-2) RN - 0 (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Antibodies, Viral/blood MH - Drugs, Chinese Herbal/*administration & dosage MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Immunoglobulin M/blood MH - Interleukin-2/blood MH - Rubella/blood/*drug therapy/immunology/virology MH - Rubella virus/*drug effects/immunology MH - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/blood MH - Young Adult EDAT- 2008/06/12 09:00 MHDA- 2010/08/11 06:00 CRDT- 2008/06/12 09:00 PHST- 2008/06/12 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2010/08/11 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2008/06/12 09:00 [entrez] PST - ppublish SO - Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi. 2008 Apr;28(4):322-5. PMID- 10958987 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20001003 LR - 20191210 IS - 0168-1702 (Print) IS - 0168-1702 (Linking) VI - 68 IP - 2 DP - 2000 Jul TI - Rubella virus nonstructural protein 2 is a minor immunogen. PG - 155-60 AB - The full-length nonstructural protein P90 of rubella virus (RV) was expressed as recombinant protein in Escherichia coli bacteria, as well as in Vero cells. Monoclonal antibodies raised against the protein specifically reacted with the protein in both P90-transfected and RV infected Vero cells. Ninety human sera obtained from reconvalescents, vaccinees and patients with acute RV infection were tested for reactivity against the P90 protein. A weak immune reaction was detected only in a small minority (8%), indicating that P90 is minor immunogen for RV and is not suitable for diagnostic purposes. FAU - Hofmann, J AU - Hofmann J AD - Institut für Virologie, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, 04103, Leipzig, Germany. FAU - Gerstenberger, S AU - Gerstenberger S FAU - Lachmann, I AU - Lachmann I FAU - Atreya, C D AU - Atreya CD FAU - Liebert, U G AU - Liebert UG LA - eng PT - Journal Article PL - Netherlands TA - Virus Res JT - Virus research JID - 8410979 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Antigens, Viral) RN - 0 (Recombinant Fusion Proteins) RN - 0 (Vaccines, Synthetic) RN - 0 (Viral Nonstructural Proteins) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Antibodies, Viral/blood/immunology MH - Antigens, Viral/genetics/*immunology MH - Chlorocebus aethiops MH - Humans MH - Mice MH - Mice, Inbred BALB C MH - Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics/immunology MH - Rubella/blood MH - Rubella virus/genetics/*immunology MH - Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics/*immunology MH - Vero Cells MH - Viral Nonstructural Proteins/genetics/*immunology EDAT- 2000/08/26 11:00 MHDA- 2000/10/07 11:01 CRDT- 2000/08/26 11:00 PHST- 2000/08/26 11:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2000/10/07 11:01 [medline] PHST- 2000/08/26 11:00 [entrez] AID - S0168170200001702 [pii] AID - 10.1016/s0168-1702(00)00170-2 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Virus Res. 2000 Jul;68(2):155-60. doi: 10.1016/s0168-1702(00)00170-2. PMID- 19678563 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20090914 LR - 20161021 IS - 1000-8721 (Print) IS - 1000-8721 (Linking) VI - 25 IP - 2 DP - 2009 Mar TI - [Effects of disulfide bridges in glycoprotein E1 on the membrane fusion activity of rubella virus]. PG - 101-6 AB - To reveal the effects of disulfide bridges in rubella virus glycoprotein E1 on the membrane fusion activity, the recombinant plasmid pBSK-SPE2E1 and site-directed mutagenesis to mutate 11 cysteines individually in the ectodomain of E1 to remove a disulfide bridge from the wild-type E1 were constructed. All mutants and the wild-type plasmid were expressed on BHK-21 cell. Giemsa Staining was used to show the polykaryon formed in the transfected BHK-21 cells. The cell surface expression efficiency of the plasmids was assayed with fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS). Hemadsorption was performed to detect the receptor recognition activity of the recombinant plasmids. The results showed that all the 10 disulfide bridges in the ectodomain of E1 played an important role in the process of the membrane fusion. The removal of any disulfide bridge resulted in the loss of the fusion activity. The disulfide formed by the 5th and the 8th cysteine might be critical for the interaction of E1 and E2. While the disulfide bridges formed by the 3rd, the 4th, and the 13th might influence the membrane fusion activity of E1 directly. FAU - Liu, Xiao-Li AU - Liu XL AD - Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China. FAU - Wu, Bing AU - Wu B FAU - Wang, Zhi-Yu AU - Wang ZY LA - chi PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article PL - China TA - Bing Du Xue Bao JT - Bing du xue bao = Chinese journal of virology JID - 8803009 RN - 0 (Disulfides) RN - 0 (Viral Envelope Proteins) RN - 0 (Viral Fusion Proteins) RN - 131016-01-8 (E1 envelope protein, Rubella virus) RN - K848JZ4886 (Cysteine) SB - IM MH - Cell Membrane/*drug effects MH - Cysteine/chemistry MH - Disulfides/chemistry/*pharmacology MH - Flow Cytometry MH - Membrane Fusion/*drug effects MH - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed MH - Rubella virus/*chemistry MH - Viral Envelope Proteins/*chemistry MH - Viral Fusion Proteins MH - Virus Internalization/*drug effects EDAT- 2009/08/15 09:00 MHDA- 2009/09/15 06:00 CRDT- 2009/08/15 09:00 PHST- 2009/08/15 09:00 [entrez] PHST- 2009/08/15 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2009/09/15 06:00 [medline] PST - ppublish SO - Bing Du Xue Bao. 2009 Mar;25(2):101-6. PMID- 12908540 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20031007 LR - 20131121 IS - 0191-3913 (Print) IS - 0191-3913 (Linking) VI - 40 IP - 4 DP - 2003 Jul-Aug TI - Panuveitis due to acquired rubella and isolation of rubella virus from the aqueous humor. PG - 240-2 FAU - Biswas, Jyotirmay AU - Biswas J AD - Medical and Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India. FAU - Narayana, Kannan M AU - Narayana KM FAU - Gupta, Salil AU - Gupta S FAU - Malathi, J AU - Malathi J FAU - Madhavan, H N AU - Madhavan HN LA - eng PT - Case Reports PT - Journal Article PL - United States TA - J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus JT - Journal of pediatric ophthalmology and strabismus JID - 7901143 RN - 0 (Immunosuppressive Agents) RN - 8N3DW7272P (Cyclophosphamide) RN - 9PHQ9Y1OLM (Prednisolone) SB - IM MH - Aqueous Humor/*virology MH - Child MH - Cyclophosphamide/therapeutic use MH - Drug Therapy, Combination MH - Eye Infections, Viral/drug therapy/*etiology MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use MH - Lens, Crystalline/surgery MH - Panuveitis/drug therapy/*virology MH - Prednisolone/therapeutic use MH - Rubella/*complications/drug therapy MH - Rubella virus/*isolation & purification MH - Visual Acuity MH - Vitrectomy EDAT- 2003/08/12 05:00 MHDA- 2003/10/08 05:00 CRDT- 2003/08/12 05:00 PHST- 2003/08/12 05:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2003/10/08 05:00 [medline] PHST- 2003/08/12 05:00 [entrez] PST - ppublish SO - J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2003 Jul-Aug;40(4):240-2. PMID- 18277537 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20080312 LR - 20200716 IS - 0372-9311 (Print) IS - 0372-9311 (Linking) IP - 6 DP - 2007 Nov-Dec TI - [Genotyping of rubella virus circulating in Western Siberia of Russia during 2004-2006 epidemic period]. PG - 26-9 AB - Twenty one strains of rubella virus were isolated in the Western Siberia during 2004-2006 epidemic period. Genotyping of isolated strains was performed by partial sequencing of glycoprotein E1 gene. Phylogenetic analysis showed that 20 out of 21 isolated in the Western Siberia strains of rubella virus belonged to genotype 1g, and 1 strain (isolated in Altai region in 2006)--to genotype 1E. FAU - Tiunnikov, G I AU - Tiunnikov GI FAU - Iashina, L N AU - Iashina LN FAU - Seregin, S V AU - Seregin SV FAU - Ternovoĭ, V A AU - Ternovoĭ VA FAU - Petrova, I D AU - Petrova ID FAU - Malkova, E M AU - Malkova EM FAU - Ustinova, E N AU - Ustinova EN FAU - Netesov, S V AU - Netesov SV FAU - Drozdov, I G AU - Drozdov IG FAU - Petrov, V S AU - Petrov VS LA - rus PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - Russia (Federation) TA - Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol JT - Zhurnal mikrobiologii, epidemiologii i immunobiologii JID - 0415217 RN - 0 (Glycoproteins) RN - 0 (Viral Envelope Proteins) RN - 131016-01-8 (E1 envelope protein, Rubella virus) SB - IM MH - Disease Outbreaks/*prevention & control MH - *Environmental Monitoring MH - Epidemiological Monitoring MH - Glycoproteins/genetics MH - Humans MH - Mumps MH - Phylogeny MH - Rubella/*prevention & control/*virology MH - Rubella virus/*classification/genetics MH - Siberia/epidemiology MH - Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics EDAT- 2008/02/19 09:00 MHDA- 2008/03/13 09:00 CRDT- 2008/02/19 09:00 PHST- 2008/02/19 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2008/03/13 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2008/02/19 09:00 [entrez] PST - ppublish SO - Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol. 2007 Nov-Dec;(6):26-9. PMID- 17332659 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20070911 LR - 20191210 IS - 0971-5916 (Print) IS - 0971-5916 (Linking) VI - 125 IP - 1 DP - 2007 Jan TI - Nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for the detection of rubella virus in clinical specimens. PG - 73-8 AB - BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Rubella virus (RV) is one of the leading causes of childhood blindness in India. In this study we applied an optimized nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (nRT-PCR) to detect RV in clinical specimens. METHODS: nRT-PCR was optimized using total RNA extracted from standard strain of RV using nested sets of primers specific for E1 open reading frame. nRT-PCR was applied onto 30 lens aspirates and corresponding peripheral blood leucocytes of 30 infants with congenital (29)/ developmental (01) cataract. Serology for anti-RV IgG and IgM antibodies was done. RV isolation was attempted using Vero and SIRC cell cultures. RESULTS: Optimized nRT-PCR was specific for RV and sensitive to detect 10 fg of RV RNA. Among 30 patients, nRT-PCR detected presence of RV in lens aspirates of 6 (20%) and 4 corresponding leucocytes. RV was isolated from 3 (10%) lens aspirates (nRT-PCR positive) of the 30 patients. Sera of these 6 patients showed presence of anti-RV IgG and IgM in one, only anti-RV IgG in 3 others and none in the other two. Of the remaining 24 patients, anti-RV IgG was detected in 3 and no anti-RV IgM antibodies in others. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION: Findings of our study showed that the nRT-PCR was a more sensitive and rapid technique to detect RV from lens aspirates compared to conventional methods of virus isolation and serology. FAU - Shyamala, G AU - Shyamala G AD - L & T Microbiology Research Centre, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India. FAU - Malathi, J AU - Malathi J FAU - Moses, Y S AU - Moses YS FAU - Therese, K L AU - Therese KL FAU - Madhavan, H N AU - Madhavan HN LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - India TA - Indian J Med Res JT - The Indian journal of medical research JID - 0374701 RN - 0 (RNA, Viral) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Cataract/congenital/virology MH - Chlorocebus aethiops MH - Humans MH - Infant MH - Infant, Newborn MH - Lens, Crystalline/*virology MH - Polymerase Chain Reaction/*methods MH - RNA, Viral/analysis MH - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/*methods MH - Rubella/congenital/virology MH - Rubella virus/genetics/*isolation & purification MH - Vero Cells EDAT- 2007/03/03 09:00 MHDA- 2007/09/12 09:00 CRDT- 2007/03/03 09:00 PHST- 2007/03/03 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2007/09/12 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2007/03/03 09:00 [entrez] PST - ppublish SO - Indian J Med Res. 2007 Jan;125(1):73-8. PMID- 20518328 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20100628 LR - 20160120 IS - 1006-916X (Print) IS - 1006-916X (Linking) VI - 15 IP - 6 DP - 2009 Dec TI - [Application of a simple method for detection of rubella virus genome by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)]. PG - 518-20 AB - OBJECTIVE: To use a new simple Reverse Transcription Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) method was applied to detect rubella virus nucleic acid and compared with Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). METHOD: Comparing the detection rate of the RT-LAMP method with that of RT-PCR for detecting rubella virus nucleic acid from rubella virus. RESULTS: The nucleic acid positive rates of all 11 strains of rubella virus were 100% by the two methods, the positive rate was 55%. CONCLUSION: RT-LAMP is more simple and convenient than RT-PCR. FAU - Wang, Shuang AU - Wang S AD - Jilin Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China. FAU - Zhou, Jian-hui AU - Zhou JH FAU - Hou, Xiang AU - Hou X LA - chi PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article PL - China TA - Zhongguo Yi Miao He Mian Yi JT - Zhongguo yi miao he mian yi JID - 101545586 SB - IM MH - Genome, Viral/*genetics MH - Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques/*methods MH - Restriction Mapping MH - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction MH - Rubella virus/*genetics/*isolation & purification EDAT- 2010/06/04 06:00 MHDA- 2010/06/29 06:00 CRDT- 2010/06/04 06:00 PHST- 2010/06/04 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2010/06/04 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2010/06/29 06:00 [medline] PST - ppublish SO - Zhongguo Yi Miao He Mian Yi. 2009 Dec;15(6):518-20. PMID- 12708000 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20030530 LR - 20061115 IS - 0047-1860 (Print) IS - 0047-1860 (Linking) VI - 51 IP - 3 DP - 2003 Mar TI - [The present situation and limitation of antibody assays for diagnosis of rubella virus infection in pregnant women]. PG - 263-7 AB - Rubella virus infection during early stages of pregnancy often results in a number of developmental disorders referred to as congenital rubella syndrome(CRS). Both clinical and laboratory diagnosis of suspect cases of CRS can be made with relative ease, particularly when expectant mothers show the typical rubella-specific rash. Serological diagnosis of CRS is accomplished using hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent(IgM-EIA) assays. Antibody titers as determined by these assays are generally very high following acute apparent rubella infections, thus making serological diagnosis relatively easy in most cases. However, the detection of possible CRS cases can be hampered by clinically inapparent rubella infections during early pregnancy. As much as 30 percent of all acute rubella cases are inapparent infections, and there is the very real potential for such inapparent infections to occur during pregnancy, to result in fetal infections, and consequently to cause CRS. Detection of CRS becomes extremely difficult in such settings. Complicating CRS detection even more are rare rubella re-infections that might occur in early pregnancy, and unknown risk of fetal infection and CRS. In re-infection cases, HI antibody titer becomes elevated due to a secondary immune response, and IgM antibody is produced in a significant number of cases. To determine directly the fetal infection, virus genome detection was developed and applied clinically for the past decade. Using a combination of serological and genomic detection methods, the results of the investigation suggest that when rubella infection during early pregnancy occurs 1) there is a significant risk of fetal infection that results from acute apparent rubella infection, 2) there is a measurable risk of fetal infection resulting from inapparent infections as defined by HI antibody titers > or = 256 and with and IgM-EIA index > or = 7, and 3) high HI antibody titers with low IgM-EIA indices or no detectable IgM antibody in cases of inapparent rubella infections may represent rubella re-infections and result in a low risk of fetal infections. FAU - Katow, Shigetaka AU - Katow S FAU - Umino, Yukiko AU - Umino Y LA - jpn PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article PL - Japan TA - Rinsho Byori JT - Rinsho byori. The Japanese journal of clinical pathology JID - 2984781R RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (rubella antibodies) SB - IM MH - Antibodies, Viral/*blood MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Pregnancy MH - Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/*diagnosis MH - Rubella/*diagnosis EDAT- 2003/04/24 05:00 MHDA- 2003/05/31 05:00 CRDT- 2003/04/24 05:00 PHST- 2003/04/24 05:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2003/05/31 05:00 [medline] PHST- 2003/04/24 05:00 [entrez] PST - ppublish SO - Rinsho Byori. 2003 Mar;51(3):263-7. PMID- 12030759 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20030206 LR - 20051121 IS - 0890-8508 (Print) IS - 0890-8508 (Linking) VI - 16 IP - 2 DP - 2002 Apr TI - An RT-PCR assay using oral fluid samples to detect rubella virus genome for epidemiological surveillance. PG - 93-7 AB - A reverse transcription nested polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method was developed for detecting rubella virus (RV) RNA using primer pairs which targeted a variable region of the E1 gene. RV genome was detected in oral fluid, throat swabs, serum and tissue samples. This is the first report to show that RV genome can be detected in oral fluid samples, including acute cases < or = 2 days after onset of symptoms, which have previously only been used for antibody testing. This suggests that PCR is useful for assisting with early diagnosis when a sufficient IgM response may not have been mounted. The PCR amplicon of 553 nucleotides was also useful for molecular genotyping, which contributes to RV epidemiological surveillance. CI - Copyright 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. FAU - Vyse, A J AU - Vyse AJ AD - Enteric, Respiratory and Neurological Virus Laboratory, Central Public Health Laboratory, London, NW9 5HT, UK. avyse@phls.org.uk FAU - Jin, L AU - Jin L LA - eng PT - Journal Article PL - England TA - Mol Cell Probes JT - Molecular and cellular probes JID - 8709751 RN - 0 (RNA, Viral) RN - 0 (Viral Envelope Proteins) RN - 131016-01-8 (E1 envelope protein, Rubella virus) SB - IM MH - Body Fluids/*virology MH - Genome, Viral MH - Humans MH - Mouth/*virology MH - Phylogeny MH - Population Surveillance MH - RNA, Viral/*analysis MH - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/*methods MH - Rubella/*diagnosis/epidemiology MH - Rubella virus/classification/genetics/*isolation & purification MH - Viral Envelope Proteins/analysis/*genetics EDAT- 2002/05/29 10:00 MHDA- 2003/02/07 04:00 CRDT- 2002/05/29 10:00 PHST- 2002/05/29 10:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2003/02/07 04:00 [medline] PHST- 2002/05/29 10:00 [entrez] AID - S0890850801903901 [pii] AID - 10.1006/mcpr.2001.0390 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Mol Cell Probes. 2002 Apr;16(2):93-7. doi: 10.1006/mcpr.2001.0390. PMID- 10795527 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20000515 LR - 20191210 IS - 0304-8608 (Print) IS - 0304-8608 (Linking) VI - 145 IP - 3 DP - 2000 TI - The construction of defective interfering rubella virus particles. PG - 625-33 AB - Two defective viral vectors containing nucleic acid sequences from rubella virus strains RJ and RS linked to the reporter gene luciferase have been constructed. The vector RNAs are shown to replicate and interfere with wildtype virus in co-infected cells. The interference is associated with a polymorphic nucleotide at nt34 in the 5' stem-loop. The use of these constructs as expression vectors is discussed. FAU - Terry, G AU - Terry G AD - Department of Molecular Pathology, University College London, UK. FAU - Londesborough, P AU - Londesborough P FAU - Ho, L AU - Ho L LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - Austria TA - Arch Virol JT - Archives of virology JID - 7506870 RN - EC 1.13.12.- (Luciferases) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Chlorocebus aethiops MH - DNA Replication MH - Defective Viruses/*genetics MH - Genes, Reporter MH - *Genetic Vectors MH - Luciferases/genetics/metabolism MH - Plasmids/genetics MH - Rubella virus/*genetics/growth & development MH - Transfection MH - Vero Cells MH - Viral Interference MH - Virion/*genetics/*metabolism EDAT- 2000/05/05 09:00 MHDA- 2000/05/20 09:00 CRDT- 2000/05/05 09:00 PHST- 2000/05/05 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2000/05/20 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2000/05/05 09:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1007/s007050050051 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Arch Virol. 2000;145(3):625-33. doi: 10.1007/s007050050051. PMID- 10681632 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20000412 LR - 20171101 IS - 1018-8665 (Print) IS - 1018-8665 (Linking) VI - 200 IP - 1 DP - 2000 TI - Papular-purpuric 'Gloves-and-Socks' syndrome related to rubella virus infection. PG - 89 FAU - Seguí, N AU - Seguí N FAU - Zayas, A AU - Zayas A FAU - Fuertes, A AU - Fuertes A FAU - Marquina, A AU - Marquina A LA - eng PT - Case Reports PT - Letter PL - Switzerland TA - Dermatology JT - Dermatology (Basel, Switzerland) JID - 9203244 SB - IM MH - Acrodermatitis/pathology/*virology MH - Adult MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Purpura/pathology MH - Rubella/*pathology MH - *Rubella virus MH - Skin Diseases, Papulosquamous/pathology/*virology MH - Syndrome EDAT- 2000/02/22 09:00 MHDA- 2000/04/15 09:00 CRDT- 2000/02/22 09:00 PHST- 2000/02/22 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2000/04/15 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2000/02/22 09:00 [entrez] AID - 18333 [pii] AID - 10.1159/000018333 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Dermatology. 2000;200(1):89. doi: 10.1159/000018333. PMID- 18161266 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20080129 LR - 20071228 IS - 0028-2162 (Print) IS - 0028-2162 (Linking) VI - 151 IP - 47 DP - 2007 Nov 24 TI - [Relationship between rubella virus and Fuchs heterochromic uveitis; 2 patients]. PG - 2631-4 AB - Two otherwise healthy men, aged 26 and 29 years, were diagnosed with Fuchs heterochromic uveitis (FHU) on the basis of the presence of iris heterochromia or iris atrophy, stellate corneal precipitates, and/or cataract. Microbiological investigation of aqueous humour demonstrated intraocular antibody production against rubella virus, but not against Toxoplasma gondii, herpes simplex virus or varicella zoster virus. Microbial nucleic acid detection was negative for all pathogens. Some time later, both patients underwent cataract surgery, which improved their vision considerably. FHU is a chronic, generally unilateral iridocyclitis, accompanied by the above-mentioned ophthalmologic manifestations in the absence of systemic disease. Little is known about the pathogenesis ofFHU, but recent publications have provided evidence for the possible involvement of the rubella virus. FAU - de Groot-Mijnes, J D F AU - de Groot-Mijnes JD AD - Universitair Medisch Centrum Utrecht, afd. Medische Microbiologie, Utrecht. j.d.f.degroot@umcutrecht.nl FAU - ten Dam-van Loon, N H AU - ten Dam-van Loon NH FAU - Weersink, A J L AU - Weersink AJ FAU - van Loon, A M AU - van Loon AM FAU - Rothova, A AU - Rothova A LA - dut PT - Case Reports PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article TT - Samenhang tussen rubellavirus en fuchs-heterochromie-uveïtis; 2 patiënten. PL - Netherlands TA - Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd JT - Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde JID - 0400770 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Antibodies, Viral/*analysis MH - Aqueous Humor/*virology MH - Cataract/etiology/virology MH - Cataract Extraction MH - Eye Infections, Viral/*diagnosis/surgery MH - Fuchs' Endothelial Dystrophy/*virology MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Rubella/*diagnosis/surgery MH - Rubella virus/immunology/isolation & purification MH - Treatment Outcome EDAT- 2007/12/29 09:00 MHDA- 2008/01/30 09:00 CRDT- 2007/12/29 09:00 PHST- 2007/12/29 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2008/01/30 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2007/12/29 09:00 [entrez] PST - ppublish SO - Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 2007 Nov 24;151(47):2631-4. PMID- 12600000 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20030407 LR - 20191210 IS - 0325-7541 (Print) IS - 0325-7541 (Linking) VI - 34 IP - 4 DP - 2002 Oct-Dec TI - Detection of rubella-virus-induced apoptosis in Vero cell cultures with hematoxylin and eosin staining. PG - 177-85 AB - In order to facilitate the detection of apoptotic cells (Apo C) in Rubella virus (RV) infected cultures in settings of low resources, we compared hematoxylin and eosin staining (H&E) with the conventional TUNEL technique, and confirmed our findings with DNA electrophoresis and transmission electron microscopy. H&E allowed to distinguish Apo C from non-apoptotic cells. The proportion of Apo C in infected cultures was proportional to the multiplicity of infection (MOI). At a MOI of 10, the percent of Apo C at 3, 4 and 5 days post infection (pi) were 26, 45 and 47%, respectively, which were significantly reduced when the caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk was present in the supernatant. By the TUNEL assay, the percent of Apo C in RV-infected cultures were lower (0.8, 1.2 and 1.2% at 3, 4 and 5 days pi, respectively). Our results have shown that H&E staining is an easy, rapid, economic and reproducible method to detect Apo C in RV infected Vero cells cultures. It is possible that H&E makes evident early stages of apoptosis, when an apoptotic cell shows chromatin condensation, nuclear and cytoplasmic contraction (but is still attached to the monolayer), while TUNEL detects later stages of apoptosis because it needs an extensive DNA fragmentation, when apoptotic cells are about to or have already detached from the substratum. FAU - Adamo, M P AU - Adamo MP AD - Laboratorio de Inmunología, Instituto de Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Agencia 4, Ciudad Universitaria, 5016 Córdoba, Argentina. marpilar@medinews.com FAU - León Monzón, M AU - León Monzón M FAU - Cuffini, C AU - Cuffini C FAU - Pedranti, M AU - Pedranti M FAU - Zapata, M AU - Zapata M LA - eng PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - Argentina TA - Rev Argent Microbiol JT - Revista Argentina de microbiologia JID - 8002834 RN - 0 (Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones) RN - 0 (Chromatin) RN - 0 (Coloring Agents) RN - 0 (Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors) RN - 0 (benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone) RN - EC 3.4.22.- (Caspases) RN - TDQ283MPCW (Eosine Yellowish-(YS)) RN - YKM8PY2Z55 (Hematoxylin) SB - IM MH - Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones/pharmacology MH - Animals MH - *Apoptosis MH - Caspases/physiology MH - Cell Adhesion MH - Cell Count MH - Chlorocebus aethiops MH - Chromatin/chemistry MH - Coloring Agents MH - Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors/pharmacology MH - *Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral MH - DNA Fragmentation MH - Eosine Yellowish-(YS) MH - Hematoxylin MH - In Situ Nick-End Labeling MH - Microscopy, Electron MH - Reproducibility of Results MH - Rubella virus/*physiology MH - Staining and Labeling/economics/*methods MH - Vero Cells/chemistry/ultrastructure/*virology EDAT- 2003/02/26 04:00 MHDA- 2003/04/08 05:00 CRDT- 2003/02/26 04:00 PHST- 2003/02/26 04:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2003/04/08 05:00 [medline] PHST- 2003/02/26 04:00 [entrez] PST - ppublish SO - Rev Argent Microbiol. 2002 Oct-Dec;34(4):177-85. PMID- 17045364 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20070509 LR - 20191210 IS - 0223-5234 (Print) IS - 0223-5234 (Linking) VI - 42 IP - 2 DP - 2007 Feb TI - Synthesis and biological evaluation of 4-alkylamino-6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-methylthiopyrimidines as new rubella virus inhibitors. PG - 256-62 AB - In the search for new chemotherapeutic agents useful against Rubella virus (RV) infections, a solution-phase parallel approach for the synthesis of a small library of 4-alkylamino-6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-methylthiopyrimidines has been set up, based on previous results from our research group. Biological evaluation of the newly synthesized compounds pointed out their interesting properties as anti-RV agents with IC(50) values in the micromolar range. FAU - Mugnaini, Claudia AU - Mugnaini C AD - Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy. FAU - Petricci, Elena AU - Petricci E FAU - Botta, Maurizio AU - Botta M FAU - Corelli, Federico AU - Corelli F FAU - Mastromarino, Paola AU - Mastromarino P FAU - Giorgi, Gianluca AU - Giorgi G LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20061010 PL - France TA - Eur J Med Chem JT - European journal of medicinal chemistry JID - 0420510 RN - 0 (Antiviral Agents) RN - 0 (Pyrimidines) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Antiviral Agents/*chemical synthesis/chemistry/pharmacology MH - Chlorocebus aethiops MH - Pyrimidines/*chemical synthesis/chemistry/pharmacology MH - Rubella virus/*drug effects MH - Structure-Activity Relationship MH - Vero Cells EDAT- 2006/10/19 09:00 MHDA- 2007/05/10 09:00 CRDT- 2006/10/19 09:00 PHST- 2006/07/20 00:00 [received] PHST- 2006/09/04 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2006/09/04 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2006/10/19 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2007/05/10 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2006/10/19 09:00 [entrez] AID - S0223-5234(06)00319-9 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.ejmech.2006.09.002 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Eur J Med Chem. 2007 Feb;42(2):256-62. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2006.09.002. Epub 2006 Oct 10. PMID- 15231184 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20050607 LR - 20061115 IS - 0254-6450 (Print) IS - 0254-6450 (Linking) VI - 25 IP - 5 DP - 2004 May TI - [Seroepidemiological study of rubella virus infection in 7 provinces in China, in some child-bearing age women]. PG - 455 FAU - Hou, Lin-pu AU - Hou LP AD - National Birth-planning Commitee, Beijing 100081, China FAU - Jiang, Ying-tao AU - Jiang YT FAU - Gao, Ying AU - Gao Y FAU - Zhang, Xiao-lei AU - Zhang XL FAU - Ma, Xu AU - Ma X LA - chi PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - China TA - Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi JT - Zhonghua liu xing bing xue za zhi = Zhonghua liuxingbingxue zazhi JID - 8208604 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin G) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Antibodies, Viral/blood MH - China/epidemiology MH - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Immunoglobulin G/blood MH - Rubella/*epidemiology MH - Rubella virus/immunology/*isolation & purification MH - Seroepidemiologic Studies EDAT- 2004/07/03 05:00 MHDA- 2005/06/09 09:00 CRDT- 2004/07/03 05:00 PHST- 2004/07/03 05:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2005/06/09 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2004/07/03 05:00 [entrez] PST - ppublish SO - Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 2004 May;25(5):455. PMID- 10817222 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20000821 LR - 20191021 IS - 0939-5075 (Print) IS - 0341-0382 (Linking) VI - 55 IP - 3-4 DP - 2000 Mar-Apr TI - Inhibitory effect of a cyclic urea derivative on rubella virus replication. PG - 292-4 AB - 1-(4-Morpholinomethyl)-tetrahydro-2(1H)-pyrimidinone (mopyridone) exhibited a marked activity against rubella virus (Judith and RA27/3 strains), a MIC50 value of 0.9 microM and selectivity ratio of 557.7 been found in the case of Judith strain. These data, in addition to the previous ones about its anti-alphavirus effects suggest the compound to be considered as a broad spectrum inhibitor of togavirus replication. FAU - Galabov, A S AU - Galabov AS AD - Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia. galabov@microbio.bas.bg FAU - Mihneva, Z AU - Mihneva Z FAU - Hadjiathanassova, V AU - Hadjiathanassova V FAU - Zhukovec, V AU - Zhukovec V LA - eng PT - Journal Article PL - Germany TA - Z Naturforsch C J Biosci JT - Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung. C, Journal of biosciences JID - 8912155 RN - 0 (Antiviral Agents) RN - 0 (Pyrimidinones) RN - C9893ZRM3K (1-morpholinomethyl-tetrahydro-1(1H)-pyrimidinone) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Antiviral Agents/*pharmacology MH - Cell Line MH - Cricetinae MH - Pyrimidinones/*pharmacology MH - Rubella virus/*drug effects MH - Virus Replication/*drug effects EDAT- 2000/05/19 09:00 MHDA- 2000/08/29 11:01 CRDT- 2000/05/19 09:00 PHST- 2000/05/19 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2000/08/29 11:01 [medline] PHST- 2000/05/19 09:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1515/znc-2000-3-424 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Z Naturforsch C J Biosci. 2000 Mar-Apr;55(3-4):292-4. doi: 10.1515/znc-2000-3-424. PMID- 11986750 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20030203 LR - 20061115 IS - 1003-9279 (Print) IS - 1003-9279 (Linking) VI - 16 IP - 1 DP - 2002 Mar TI - [Immune status of BALB/c mice and rubella virus JR23 strain infection of central nervous system]. PG - 62-5 AB - BACKGROUND: To investigate the relationship between immune status and rubella virus (RV) infection of central nervous system (CNS). METHODS: BALB/c mice were given dexamethaxone and cytoxan before RV JR23 strain infection. Immune functions and RV invasion to CNS were assayed at 21 days postinfection via abdominal cavity and their relationship was analyzed. RESULTS: T cell functions of cytoxan group were obviously worse than those of other groups (P <0.05) by MTT method. Infection rates of dexamethaxone and cytoxan and the group without any intervention were 60%, 90% and 50% (P >0.05), respectively. Cellular immune functions of the mice with CNS infection were obviously worse than those of the mice without CNS infection (P <0.001). Specific antibodies (Ab) were assayed in all groups with ELISA and the results showed that there were no significant differences among groups (P >0.05), neither between the groups with and without CNS infections. CONCLUSIONS: RV infection of CNS may relate to cellular immune status before specific antibody was produced in the body. FAU - Wang, Zhiyu AU - Wang Z AD - Department of Virology, Shandong Medical University, Jinan 250012, China. FAU - Yao, Ping AU - Yao P FAU - Song, Yanyan AU - Song Y FAU - Xu, Hongzhi AU - Xu H FAU - Wang, Guiting AU - Wang G FAU - Liu, Yanxun AU - Liu Y LA - chi PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - China TA - Zhonghua Shi Yan He Lin Chuang Bing Du Xue Za Zhi JT - Zhonghua shi yan he lin chuang bing du xue za zhi = Zhonghua shiyan he linchuang bingduxue zazhi = Chinese journal of experimental and clinical virology JID - 9602873 SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Antibody Specificity MH - Central Nervous System Infections/*immunology/virology MH - Female MH - Immunity, Cellular MH - Male MH - Mice MH - Mice, Inbred BALB C MH - Rubella/*immunology MH - Rubella virus/immunology MH - T-Lymphocytes/immunology EDAT- 2002/05/03 10:00 MHDA- 2003/02/04 04:00 CRDT- 2002/05/03 10:00 PHST- 2002/05/03 10:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2003/02/04 04:00 [medline] PHST- 2002/05/03 10:00 [entrez] PST - ppublish SO - Zhonghua Shi Yan He Lin Chuang Bing Du Xue Za Zhi. 2002 Mar;16(1):62-5. PMID- 11450140 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20010913 LR - 20161109 IS - 0507-4088 (Print) IS - 0507-4088 (Linking) VI - 46 IP - 3 DP - 2001 May-Jun TI - [Characteristics of humoral immunity to rubella virus in residents of Moscow in 1998-1999]. PG - 26-30 AB - A total of 400 blood samples were collected from residents of Moscow in 1998-1999, 369 from adults aged mainly 19-31 years and from children aged 5-12 years. The mean incidence of antirubella antibody was 76.5%; the value varied in different age groups. The highest percentage of antibody detection was observed in men aged 19-25 years (91.8%) and the lowest in pregnant women aged 18-38 years (66-67%). Estimation of antihemagglutinin titers in international Units showed that antibody titer 1:40 and higher protected from infection; such titers were detected in 73.6% examinees. In pregnant women the level of immunological defense was very low (only 56%), which necessitates urgent vaccination of adolescent girls and young women. The results of EIA were compatible with the results of indirect hemagglutination test (IHAT), but EIA was much more sensitive in cases with low titers of IHAT. FAU - Gaĭdamovich, S Ia AU - Gaĭdamovich SIa FAU - Tkachenko, A V AU - Tkachenko AV FAU - Larichev, V F AU - Larichev VF FAU - Alekseev, S B AU - Alekseev SB FAU - Butenko, A M AU - Butenko AM FAU - Filatov, F P AU - Filatov FP FAU - Naumenko, M G AU - Naumenko MG FAU - Rusanova, A V AU - Rusanova AV FAU - Krasil'nikov, I V AU - Krasil'nikov IV LA - rus PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article TT - Pokazateli gumoral'nogo immuniteta k virusu krasnukhi u zhiteleĭ Moskvy v 1998-1999gg. PL - Russia (Federation) TA - Vopr Virusol JT - Voprosy virusologii JID - 0417337 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Antibodies, Viral/blood MH - *Antibody Formation MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Moscow/epidemiology MH - Pregnancy MH - Rubella/blood/epidemiology/*immunology MH - Rubella virus/*immunology EDAT- 2001/07/14 10:00 MHDA- 2001/09/14 10:01 CRDT- 2001/07/14 10:00 PHST- 2001/07/14 10:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2001/09/14 10:01 [medline] PHST- 2001/07/14 10:00 [entrez] PST - ppublish SO - Vopr Virusol. 2001 May-Jun;46(3):26-30. PMID- 20397577 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20100506 LR - 20190816 IS - 0869-2084 (Print) IS - 0869-2084 (Linking) IP - 2 DP - 2010 Feb TI - [Determination of the diagnostic parameters of domestic immunoenzyme test systems versus foreign analogues in the detection of serum rubella virus antibodies]. PG - 35-9 AB - Russian enzyme immunoassay (EIA) test systems (EATS) and foreign analogues (DSL and BCM-Diagnostics, USA) were compared in the detection of human serum rubella virus (RV) antibodies. Analysis of RV IgM levels ascertained a greater agreement of quality indices for the EATS "EKOlab-Krasnukha-IgM" than for the system "VectoRubella-IgM". As compared with the USA reference systems, the sensitivity, specificity, and total agreement of the data obtained by the EATS "EKOlab" were 100, 97.5, and 97.7%, respectively; those were 88, 84.4%, and 85.4% for "VectoRubella-IgM". In healthy individuals, strictly seropositive cases of IgM detection, revealed by the EATS "VectoRubella-IgM" and unconfirmed by the results obtained by the EATS "BCM-Diagnostics-IgM" (8%) are most likely to be regarded as false-positive due to the presence of serum rheumatoid factor (RF). The principle of indirect EIA used in the system "VectoRubella-IgM" makes it impossible to rule out the impact of RF on test results. The EATS "EKOlab-Krasnukha-IgM" and the systems made in the USA apply the principle of EIA with IgM involvement that, unlike indirect EIA, minimize to have nonspecific results. All three analyzed Russian EATS "EKOlab-Krasnukha-IgG", "Krasnukha-screening", and "VectoRubella-IgG" in the detection of RV IgG show rather high diagnostic parameters as compared with the systems made in the USA. The important additional advantage of the EATS "EKOlab-Krasnukha-IgG" over other Russian systems is that the kit has reference serum with the known content of RV IgG. This allows one to give results in absolute units and to standardize the calculations of some independent experiments. The performed study suggests that out of the Russian test systems, EATS "EKOlab-Krasnukha-IgM" and "EKOlab-Krasnukha-IgG" should be preferred. FAU - Krivitskaia, V Z AU - Krivitskaia VZ FAU - Buzitskaia, Zh V AU - Buzitskaia ZhV FAU - Maksakova, V L AU - Maksakova VL FAU - Pozdniakova, M G AU - Pozdniakova MG FAU - Sominina, A A AU - Sominina AA FAU - Tsybalova, L M AU - Tsybalova LM LA - rus PT - Comparative Study PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article PL - Russia (Federation) TA - Klin Lab Diagn JT - Klinicheskaia laboratornaia diagnostika JID - 9432021 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin G) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin M) RN - 0 (Reagent Kits, Diagnostic) SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Antibodies, Viral/*blood MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Immunoenzyme Techniques/*standards MH - Immunoglobulin G/blood MH - Immunoglobulin M/blood MH - Male MH - Reagent Kits, Diagnostic MH - Rubella/diagnosis/virology MH - Rubella virus/*immunology MH - Sensitivity and Specificity MH - Serologic Tests MH - Young Adult EDAT- 2010/04/20 06:00 MHDA- 2010/05/07 06:00 CRDT- 2010/04/20 06:00 PHST- 2010/04/20 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2010/04/20 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2010/05/07 06:00 [medline] PST - ppublish SO - Klin Lab Diagn. 2010 Feb;(2):35-9.