The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between teachers' perception of organizational justice and organizational citizenship behavior and to reveal the mediating role of teacher job burnout between teachers' perception of organizational justice and organizational citizenship behavior. This study used a questionnaire to collect data from 857 teachers in 21 secondary schools in Chongqing, China. Through a series of hierarchical regression analyses, mediating effects tests, structural equation modeling tests, and dominance analyses, the findings consistently indicated that procedural justice was a positive predictor of organizational citizenship behavior, while teacher’s job burnout was a negative predictor of organizational citizenship behavior. In addition, the study results also indicated that job burnout had a significant mediating effect on the relationship between teachers' perceptions of organizational justice and organizational citizenship behaviors, particularly with the passion burnout and burnout of professional self-effectiveness.