Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is generally regarded as a genetic disease with diverse extent of intertumor and intratumor heterogeneity. Here we propose that, NPC is not only a genetic disease; it could be conceptualized as a multidimensional spatiotemporal “unity of ecology and evolution” pathological ecosystem. In the text, we first discuss NPC cells an invasive species and its metastasis as a multidirectional ecological dispersal, which consisting of four interdependent parts: primary ecosystem, circulating ecosystem, metastatic ecosystem and multidirectional ecosystem. We then interpreter the foundational ecological principles to understand NPC progression. The model of “mulberry-fish-ponds” can well illustrate the dynamic reciprocity of cancer ecosystem. Subsequently, we demonstrate that tumor-host interface is the ecological transition zone in cancers, and tumor buddings should be recognized as ecological islands separated from the mainland. Selection driving factors and ecological therapy including hyperthermia for NPC patients, and future perspectives of “ecological pathology”, “multidimensional spatiotemporal tumoriecology” and “integrated tumoriecology” are also pointed out. We advance that “nothing in cancer evolution or ecology makes sense except in the light of the other”. The essence of NPC and other human neoplasms should be pathological an “unity of ecology and evolution”. The establishment of “NPC ecology” might open up a new horizon, and provide a comprehensive framework for our understanding of the complex progression of this disease and development of potential preventive and therapeutic strategies for patients.