1. Introduction
The
h-derivative and the
q-derivative of a function
have been defined by the quotients
respectively. The
h-derivative is usually denoted by the quotient
while the
q-derivative is denoted by the quotient
, where
is called the
h-differential and
is called the
q-differential for the function
. As an example the
h-derivative and the
q-derivative of
can be computed in the forms
and
respectively. For the sake of simplicity, the notation
is used instead of
, and then
. Since
, the
h-derivative and the
q-derivative are generalizations of ordinary derivative. The
q-derivative leads to the subject of
q-calculus, see [
5] for details.
The sum and product formula of
q-derivatives for functions
and
are given by;
and
respectively. Since
, (
2) is equivalent to the upcoming formula
In view of (
2), the quotient formula of
q-derivatives is given by;
In view of (
3), the quotient formula of
q-derivatives is given by;
The formulae of
h-derivatives are as follows:
and
Next, we give the definition of q-derivative on a finite interval.
Definition 1 ([
2]).
Let be a continuous function. For the q-derivative on I, is given by;
Function
is called
q-differentiable on
if
exists for all
. For
, we have
and
is the
q-derivative of
at
defined as follows:
The q-integral of function on interval is defined as follows:
Definition 2 ([
2]).
Let be a function. For the q-definite integral on I is given by;
In (
11), by setting
, the Jackson
q-definite integral given in [
5], is deduced as follows:
If
, then the
q-definite integral on
is calculated as follows:
We are intent to unify the q-derivative and h-derivative in a single notion which will be named -derivative. We give sum/difference, product and quotient formulas for -derivatives, also the definition of -integral is given. Further, we will define -derivative and -integral on finite interval. The composite derivatives and integrals will provide the opportunity to study theoretical and practical concepts and problems of different fields related to q-derivative and h-derivative simultaneously. This paper will be interesting and productive for scientists and engineers.
2. A Generalization of - and -Derivatives
The
-differential of a real valued function
is defined by;
Then for
, and
in (
14), we have
and
Then for
, and
in (
15), we have
For
the
-differential of
u is given by;
For
the
-differential of
is given by;
From (
17) and (
18) one can see that
-differential is linear. Here we see that if
, then
-differential is calculated as follows:
For
, and
in (
19), we have
and
respectively. Next, we define the
-derivative as follows:
Definition 3.
Let , and be a continuous function. Then the -derivative of μ is defined by
Provided .
For
and
in (
20), we have
and
By setting
in (
20), we get the ordinary derivative of
, provided the limit exists.
Example 1.
Consider , . Then
For
and
in (
23), we have
and
In particular we have .
2.1. Linearity
The
-derivative is linear i.e. for
and using the linearity of
-differentials we have:
2.2. Product Formula
The following formula for product of functions by using (
19), can be obtained:
The product formula for q-derivatives and h-derivatives can be obtained as follows:
By setting
in (
26), the
q-derivative formula for products of functions is yielded:
By taking
in (
26), the
h-derivative formula for products of functions is yielded:
By using symmetry, we can have from (
26):
Both (
26) and (
29) are equivalent.
2.3. Quotient Formula
By using (
26) and (
29), the quotient formula of
-derivatives is calculated as follows: We have for
By using definition of
-derivative and (
26), we have
By using (
29), one can get
that is:
Remark 1. By putting for , equation (26) produces product and (33) produces quotient formulas for -derivatives given in [3].
Next, let us define the
binomial
analogue to
as follows:
Then it is clear that for
we have
i.e. the
q-analogue of
is obtained which is defined in [
5] as follows:
Also, from (
35), for
we have
i.e. the
h-analogue of
is obtained, it is defined in [
5] as follows:
In the next, we find the derivative of binomial as follows:
As we have . While as we have .
As we have . While as we have .
As we have . While as we have .
Inductively,one can see that:
As we have .
As we have .
If is -derivative of i.e. , then is called -anti-derivative of . The -anti-derivative is denoted by .
3. -Derivative on a Finite Interval
Here throughout the section, for . The derivative on I is given in the upcoming definition.
Definition 4.
Let , , and be a continuous function. Then left derivative and right derivative on I are defined by;
provided that and . Also, and .
We say
is left
-differentiable on
, if for each of its point
exists, and
is called right
-differentiable on
, if at each of its point
exists. One can see that
. In (
38), by setting
one can get the
q-derivative defined in Definition 1, i.e.
. Also for
one can have
, i.e. the
-derivative given in (
20) is deduced; for
one can have
, i.e. the
q-derivative is deduced; for
one can have
i.e. the
h-derivative is deduced; for
and taking limit
one can get the usual derivative for a differentiable function
i.e.
. One can get similar results from equation (
39). The definition of left and right
derivatives defined on
I can be obtained from (
39) by setting
as follows:
Definition 5.
Let , , and be a continuous function. Then left derivative and right derivatives on I are defined as follows:
It is notable that from (
40), we have
i.e. the left
derivative coincides with
derivative defined in Definition 1.
Definition 6.
Let and be a continuous function. Then left -integral and right -integral on I are defined as follows:
Example 2.
Consider and . The left and right -integrals are calculated as follows:
where 1 is the radius of convergence of the series involved in above integrals.
Example 3.
Let and . Then we have
where 1 is the radius of convergence of the series involved in above integrals.
By setting , left and right q-integrals can be obtained and defined as follows:
Definition 7.
Let and be a continuous function. Then the left q-integral and right q-integral on I are given by;
Left
q-integral is same as
-definite integral, and right
q-integral is same as
-definite integral defined in [
2] and [
1] respectively.
Example 4. Consider and . By setting in Example 2, one can have and .
By considering , one can have left and right h-integrals defined in upcoming definition.
Definition 8.
Let be a continuous function. Then the left h-integral and right h-integral on I are defined as follows:
It is noted from Definition 6 that .
4. Some -Integral Inequalities for Convex Functions
In this section we give inequalities for
-integrals of convex functions. A function
is called convex if the following inequality holds for all
and
:
Theorem 1.
Let be a convex function. Also, let , the interior of J. The left and right -integrals satisfy the following inequalities:
where .
Proof. For
, we have
. By selecting
in (
52) we get the following inequality:
By taking
-integral over
we have
By using values of integrals involved in above inequality from (
44) and (
46), one can obtain the required inequality (
53). On the other hand for
, we have
. By selecting
in (
52) we get the following inequality:
By taking
-integral over
we have
By using values of integrals involved in above inequality from (
45) and (
47), one can obtain the required inequality (
54). □
Corollary 1.
As an application of the above theorem, the following inequalities for left and right q-integrals hold:
Remark 2.
By taking in (55) or in (56), one can obtain the following inequality:
The above inequality (57) is independently proved in [2].
The following lemma is required to prove the next result.
Lemma 1 ([
4]).
Let be a convex function. If μ is symmetric about , then the following inequality holds:
for all .
Theorem 2.
If μ is symmetric about along with the assumptions of Theorem 1, then the following inequality holds:
Proof. A convex function symmetric about
satisfies the inequality (
58). Therefore by taking
-integration of (
58) over
we have
On the other hand by taking
-integration of (
58) over
we have
By adding (
60) and (
61), one can get the inequality (
59). □
Remark 3.
By taking in (60) or along with in (61), one can obtain the following inequality:
The above inequality (62) is independently proved in [2], but unfortunately the proof is not correct, see [6]. But here we have imposed an additional condition of symmetric function to get the result. Hence if we impose a condition of symmetry in addition to assumptions of [2], we get the correct result.
5. Conclusions
This article aims to provide a base in unifying the theory of
and
h-derivatives given in [
5] by Kac and Cheung. In this effort, the notion of
-derivative is introduced which generates
q-derivative and
h-derivative. The
binomial
analogue to
is defined, which generates
binomial
and
binomial
in particular. The
-derivatives of
binomial
are found which generate
q-derivative of
binomial
and
h-derivative of
binomial
in particular. Rest of the theory in [
5] needs attention of researchers, it may be unified. Also,
-derivatives and integrals are defined on an interval
, which are used to establish some inequalities which are linked with recent research and provide correct proof of an inequality of [
2].
Acknowledgments
The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University for funding this work through large group Research Project under grant number RGP2/461/44.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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