PreprintArticleVersion 1Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed
Generalized Rash in Severe Hospitalized COVID Patients: Correlation between Histological Examination, Drug Intake, Blood Interleukins Profileand Long-Term Follow-Up
Version 1
: Received: 24 September 2023 / Approved: 25 September 2023 / Online: 25 September 2023 (09:37:37 CEST)
How to cite:
Fernández-Guarino, M.; Stewart, V.; Fernández-Nieto, D.; Moreno Garcia del Real, C.; Gonzalez de Olano, D.; Blanco, C.; Solano-Solares, E.; De la Hoz Caballer, B.; Martínez-Botas, J.; Garcia-Bermejo, M. L.; Andrés-Martín, A. Generalized Rash in Severe Hospitalized COVID Patients: Correlation between Histological Examination, Drug Intake, Blood Interleukins Profileand Long-Term Follow-Up. Preprints2023, 2023091665. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202309.1665.v1
Fernández-Guarino, M.; Stewart, V.; Fernández-Nieto, D.; Moreno Garcia del Real, C.; Gonzalez de Olano, D.; Blanco, C.; Solano-Solares, E.; De la Hoz Caballer, B.; Martínez-Botas, J.; Garcia-Bermejo, M. L.; Andrés-Martín, A. Generalized Rash in Severe Hospitalized COVID Patients: Correlation between Histological Examination, Drug Intake, Blood Interleukins Profileand Long-Term Follow-Up. Preprints 2023, 2023091665. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202309.1665.v1
Fernández-Guarino, M.; Stewart, V.; Fernández-Nieto, D.; Moreno Garcia del Real, C.; Gonzalez de Olano, D.; Blanco, C.; Solano-Solares, E.; De la Hoz Caballer, B.; Martínez-Botas, J.; Garcia-Bermejo, M. L.; Andrés-Martín, A. Generalized Rash in Severe Hospitalized COVID Patients: Correlation between Histological Examination, Drug Intake, Blood Interleukins Profileand Long-Term Follow-Up. Preprints2023, 2023091665. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202309.1665.v1
APA Style
Fernández-Guarino, M., Stewart, V., Fernández-Nieto, D., Moreno Garcia del Real, C., Gonzalez de Olano, D., Blanco, C., Solano-Solares, E., De la Hoz Caballer, B., Martínez-Botas, J., Garcia-Bermejo, M. L., & Andrés-Martín, A. (2023). Generalized Rash in Severe Hospitalized COVID Patients: Correlation between Histological Examination, Drug Intake, Blood Interleukins Profileand Long-Term Follow-Up. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202309.1665.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Fernández-Guarino, M., Maria Laura Garcia-Bermejo and Ana Andrés-Martín. 2023 "Generalized Rash in Severe Hospitalized COVID Patients: Correlation between Histological Examination, Drug Intake, Blood Interleukins Profileand Long-Term Follow-Up" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202309.1665.v1
Abstract
Background: There have been few reports of cutaneous skin lesions in severe COVID-19 hospitalized patients which exhibit different behavior compared to outpatients. Furthermore, a notable lack of rigorous studies exits. In this study we included patients with generalized rash during the first wave of the pandemic for characterization.Methods: Hospitalized patients with severe confirmed pulmonary COVID-19 infection and a generalized cutaneous rash during the first wave in March-May 2020 were included. The study received approval from the ethics committee. Clinical presentation, histo-logical examination, blood test, and complete blood interleukin profile were assessed. Special immunohistochemical investigations were conducted. Long term follow-up of the patient was performed throuhg a phone call 24 months later.
Results: A total 28 patients were studied and classified by histological examination into three groups: G1: perivascular dermatitis (18/28, 64%); G2: Drug reaction (7/28, 25%); and G3: Generalized exanthema and chilblain (3/28, 11%). The virus was not detected in the skin, by PCR and by immunohistochemical analysis, and the interleukin expression in the skin were undetectable results. Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1), E-selectine, and IT Galpha 5 were unspecific. G1 exhibited the least inflammation, G2 the most in-flammatory, and G3 had previous inflammation.
Discussion: Our data suggest that generalized exanthemas during severe SARS-Cov-2 infection exhibit unspecific finding and are similar to other rashes caused by inflammation. Drug reaction should be considered, as they accounted for 25% of the rashes. Further studies including higher number of patients are necessary.
Keywords
skin; COVID infection; cytokines; SARS-CoV-2
Subject
Medicine and Pharmacology, Dermatology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.