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A peer-reviewed article of this preprint also exists.
This version is not peer-reviewed
Submitted:
04 March 2024
Posted:
04 March 2024
You are already at the latest version
AKI Grade (a) |
AKI (n=121) |
AKI 2 (n=10) |
AKI 3 (n=22) |
AKI 4 (n=48) |
AKI 5 (n=40) |
RR | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
RBC (M/μL) |
3.9 (1.5-9.4) | 6.3 (1.5-9.1) | 5.3 (2.3-9.4) | 4.7 (1.6-8.7) | 5.0 (1.8-8.3) | 5.6-8.8 | 0.486 |
HCT (%) |
31.8 + 10.3 | 38.8 + 15.3 | 33.0 + 10.3 | 29.7 + 8.7 | 32.0 + 10.0 | 37.3-61.7 | 0.140 |
HGB (g/dL) |
11.5 + 3.7 | 13.0 + 5.2 | 11.8 + 3.8 | 10.9 + 3.4 | 11.7 + 3.6 | 13.1-20.5 | 0.540 |
MCV (fL) |
63.2 (6.8-84.4) | 64.5 (51.3-73.0) | 63.4 (54.3-68.5) | 63.0 (6.8-84.4) | 63.3 (51.1-72.0) | 61.6-73.5 | 0.975 |
MCH (pg) |
23.1 (2.0-26.3) | 21.2 (18.4-25.1) | 22.9 (2.0-24.5) | 23.2 (18.2-26.3) | 23.2 (17.6-25.5) | 21.2-25.9 | 0.155 |
MCHC (g/dL) |
36.4 (15.6-40.9)* | 33.8 (15.6-37.0)** | 35.8 (31.9-39.9)* | 37.0 (31.2-39.6)* | 37.0 (33.8-40.9)* | 32.0-37.9 | 0.001 |
RDW (%) |
15.6 (0.4-32.2) | 17.0 (0.4-25.5) | 16.1 (13.8-32.2) | 15.5 (12.2-32.2) | 15.3 (12.7-26.7) | 13.6-21.7 | 0.291 |
%RET (%) |
0.4 (0.1-18.7) | 0.7 (0.3-15.4) | 0.3 (0.1-2.5) | 0.6 (0.1-11.2) | 0.3 (0.1-18.7) | 0-10 | 0.077 |
RET (K/μL) |
17.4 (3.2-236.8) | 40.7 (15.4-97.7) | 13.4 (7.7-97.7) | 22.1 (3.8-236.8) | 13.7 (3.2-60.7) | 10-110 | 0.05 |
Cr (mg/dL) |
8.3 (1.7-26.6) | 2.1 (1.7-2.5)* | 3.7 (2.6-5.0)* | 8.0 (5.1-10.0)** | 12.6 (10.6-26.6)*** | 0.6-1.5 | <0.0001 |
Urea (mg/dL) |
303.1 + 134.9 | 116.2 + 41.5* | 204.1 + 90.6* | 308.6 + 100.7** | 397.9 + 121.4*** | 15-55 | <0.0001 |
TCa (mg/dL) |
10.1 + 2.5 | 9.5 + 0.8 | 9.9 + 2.2 | 10.3 + 3.1 | 10.0 + 2.1 | 8.7-11.8 | 0.927 |
P (mg/dL) |
13.2 + 5.1* | 6.6 + 2.8** | 9.0 + 3.6** | 13.4 + 4.4* | 15.9 + 4.5*** | 2.5-5.0 | <0.0001 |
Na+ (mEq/L) |
147 (117-172) | 156 (140-166) | 149 (117-161) | 145 (123-171) | 148 (122-172) | 117-172 | 0.176 |
K+ (mEq/L) |
5.0 (2.5-11.0) | 4.4 (3.8-8.8) | 4.5 (2.5-7.3) | 5.6 (2.7-9.0) | 5.1 (3.4-11.0) | 3.6-4.8 | 0.230 |
Etiology (b) |
IS | INF | NEP | OBS | UK | p-value | |
RBC (M/μL) |
5.0 (1.9-9.1) | 4.6 (1.6-7.3) | 5.9 (3.4-8.7) | 3.8 (1.5-8.1) | 5.0 (1.8-9.4) | 0.05 | |
HCT (%) |
31.3 + 11.4 | 28.5 + 7.9* | 39.0 + 10.8** | 26.8 + 16.8 | 32.9 + 9.6 | 0.01 | |
HGB (g/dL) |
11.4 + 4.2 | 10.4 + 2.9* | 13.7 + 3.9** | 9.1 + 5.4 | 12.0 + 3.6 | 0.02 | |
MCV (fL) |
62.0 (56.2-75.5) | 61.5 (6.8-84.4)* | 65.0 (62.1-73.3)** | 65.3 (51.3-71.5) | 63.3 (51.1-73.0) | 0.02 | |
MCH (pg) |
23.1 (19.9-25.0) | 22.8 (2.0-26.3) | 23.4 (19.0-25.3) | 22.2 (18.4-25.1) | 23.2 (17.6-25.5) | 0.567 | |
MCHC (g/dL) |
36.4 (33.1-38.3) | 36.7 (31.2-40.9) | 35.9 (27.8-38.1) | 34.1 (15.6-35.8) | 36.9 (31.9-39.4) | 0.05 | |
RDW (%) |
15.8 (13.8-30.0) | 15.9 (13.5-32.2) | 15.1 (12.2-19.6) | 16.9 (0.4-18.3) | 15.4 (12.7-26.7) | 0.486 | |
%RET (%) |
0.4 (0.1-10.4) | 0.6 (0.1-11.2)* | 0.2 (0.1-0.7)** | 5.7 (0.4-15.4)* | 0.4 (0.1-18.7) | 0.006 | |
RET (K/μL) |
23.6 (5.5-200.3) | 19.6 (4.4-185.5) | 13.3 (3.5-44.2) | 25.1 (15.4-236.8) | 17.4 (3.2-97.7) | 0.393 | |
Cr (mg/dL) |
8.1 (2.0-12.8) | 6.8 (2.3-17.0)* | 7.0 (1.7-26.6) | 2.5 (1.7-8.4)* | 10.2 (1.9-25.6)** | 0.002 | |
Urea (mg/dL) |
319.4 + 117.5 | 297.4 + 139.7 | 262.6 + 192.2 | 166.6 + 98.3 | 327.8 + 112.1 | 0.07 | |
TCa (mg/dL) |
9.3 + 1.8 | 10.7 + 2.4 | 9.8 + 2.1 | 9.3 + 1.2 | 10.3 + 2.4 | 0.380 | |
P (mg/dL) |
13.4 + 4.0 | 12.9 + 5.1 | 10.6 + 6.2 | 7.9 + 3.7 | 14.5 + 4.6 | 0.03 | |
Na+ (mEq/L) |
145.5 (136.0-160.0) | 145.0 (122.0-159.0) | 145.6 (134.0-166.0) | 144.0 (139.0-148.0) | 149.0 (117.0-172.0) | 0.417 | |
K+ (mEq/L) |
4.6 (3.3-8.8) | 4.9 (2.7-9.0) | 4.7 (3.4-11.0) | 4.8 (3.8-6.1) | 5.5 (2.5-8.4) | 0.319 | |
Therapeutical management (c) |
Medical |
Hemodialysis |
p-value | ||||
RBC (M/μL) |
5.3 (1.5-9.4) | 4.8 (1.8-8.7) | 0.464 | ||||
HCT (%) |
33.0 + 11.7 | 31.0 + 9.1 | 0.285 | ||||
HGB (g/dL) |
11.9 + 4.4 | 11.3 + 3.2 | 0.374 | ||||
MCV (fL) |
32.6 (8.1-58.2) | 30.3 (10.7-55.7) | 0.321 | ||||
MCH (pg) |
23.2 (17.6-26.3) | 23.1 (2.0-25.8) | 0.358 | ||||
MCHC (g/dL) |
36.1 (15.6-39.1) | 36.7 (27.8-40.9) | 0.09 | ||||
RDW (%) |
15.6 (0.4-32.2) | 15.6 (12.2-26.0) | 0.737 | ||||
%RET (%) |
0.5 (0.1-15.4) | 0.4 (0.1-18.7) | 0.572 | ||||
RET (K/μL) |
17.4 (3.8-200.3) | 17.4 (3.2-236.8) | 0.416 | ||||
Cr (mg/dL) |
6.2 (1.7-20.6) | 9.0 (1.7-26.6) | 0.01 | ||||
Urea (mg/dL) |
273.7 + 132.3 | 324.1 + 133.7 | 0.04 | ||||
TCa (mg/dL) |
10.0 + 2.1 | 10.3 + 2.4 | 0.498 | ||||
P (mg/dL) |
12.6 + 5.2 | 13.6 + 4.9 | 0.340 | ||||
Na+ (mEq/L) |
149.0 (117.0-172.0) | 145.2 (122.0-166.0) | 0.07 | ||||
K+ (mEq/L) |
5.3 (2.5-8.8) | 4.9 (3.2-11.0) | 0.401 | ||||
Outcome (d) |
Survivors | Non-survivors | p-value | ||||
RBC (M/μL) |
4.8 (1.5-8.7) | 4.9 (1.6-9.4) | 0.612 | ||||
HCT (%) |
32.1 + 9.5 | 31.4 + 11.2 | 0.695 | ||||
HGB (g/dL) |
11.5 + 3.3 | 11.5 + 4.2 | 0.982 | ||||
MCV (fL) |
63.0 (6.8-73.0) | 63.6 (56.0-84.4) | 0.335 | ||||
MCH (pg) |
23.0 (2.0-25.4) | 23.2 (19.9-26.3) | 0.01 | ||||
MCHC (g/dL) |
36.2 (15.6-39.6) | 37.0 (31.2-40.9) | 0.111 | ||||
RDW (%) |
15.7 (0.4-26.7) | 15.3 (12.2-32.2) | 0.242 | ||||
%RET (%) |
0.4 (0.1-18.7) | 0.5 (0.1-11.2) | 0.703 | ||||
RET (K/μL) |
17.3 (3.5-236.8) | 17.4 (3.2-200.3) | 0.687 | ||||
Cr (mg/dL) |
7.2 (1.7-22.6) | 9.5 (2.0-26.6) | 0.02 | ||||
Urea (mg/dL) |
279.7 + 125.6 | 331.8 + 141.3 | 0.03 | ||||
TCa (mg/dL) |
10.7 + 2.3 | 9.6 + 2.2 | 0.01 | ||||
P (mg/dL) |
11.5 + 4.5 | 15.2 + 5.0 | 0.0002 | ||||
Na+ (mEq/L) |
149.0 (134.0-172.0) | 144.0 (117.0-171.0) | 0.03 | ||||
K+ (mEq/L) |
4.9 (3.3-9.0) | 5.1 (2.5-11.0) | 0.420 |
Variables |
Anemia (%) |
Severity (%) | Degree of regeneration (%) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes |
No |
Mild to moderate | Severe to very severe | None | Mild | Moderate | |
AKI grade AKI 2 AKI 3 AKI 4 AKI 5 |
40% 64% 83% 70% p<0.0001 |
60% 36% 17% 30% |
75% 86% 83% 85% p=0.163 |
25% 14% 17% 15% |
100% 85% 86% 100% p<0.0001 |
- 15% 7% - |
- - 7% - |
Etiology Ischemic/Inflammatory Infectious Nephrotoxic Obstructive Unknown |
82% 81% 43% 80% 70% p<0.0001 |
18% 19% 57% 20% 30% |
72% 80% 100% 50% 94% p<0.0001 |
28% 20% - 50% 6% |
79% 94% 100% 75% 94% p<0.0001 |
14% 3% - - 6% |
7% 3% - 25% - |
Therapeutical approach Medical management Hemodialysis |
64% 77% p=0.04 |
36% 23% |
84% 83% p=0.848 |
16% 17% |
88% 91% p=0.141 |
6% 8% |
6% 1% |
Outcome Survived Deceased |
74% 64% p=0.433 |
23% 36% |
92% 73% p=0.0004 |
8% 27% |
88% 92% p=0.07 |
10% 3% |
2% 5% |
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