Emon, M.Z.A.; Salim, K.M.; Chowdhury, M.I.B. Design and Analysis of a High-Gain, Low-Noise, and Low-Power Analog Front End for Electrocardiogram Acquisition in 45 nm Technology Using gm/ID Method. Electronics2024, 13, 2190.
Emon, M.Z.A.; Salim, K.M.; Chowdhury, M.I.B. Design and Analysis of a High-Gain, Low-Noise, and Low-Power Analog Front End for Electrocardiogram Acquisition in 45 nm Technology Using gm/ID Method. Electronics 2024, 13, 2190.
Emon, M.Z.A.; Salim, K.M.; Chowdhury, M.I.B. Design and Analysis of a High-Gain, Low-Noise, and Low-Power Analog Front End for Electrocardiogram Acquisition in 45 nm Technology Using gm/ID Method. Electronics2024, 13, 2190.
Emon, M.Z.A.; Salim, K.M.; Chowdhury, M.I.B. Design and Analysis of a High-Gain, Low-Noise, and Low-Power Analog Front End for Electrocardiogram Acquisition in 45 nm Technology Using gm/ID Method. Electronics 2024, 13, 2190.
Abstract
In this work, an analog front-end (AFE) circuit for Electrocardiogram (ECG) detection system has been designed, implemented, and investigated in an industry-standard Cadence simulation framework using advanced technology node of 45 nm. The AFE consists of an instrumentation amplifier, a Butterworth band-pass filter (with fifth-order low-pass and second-order high-pass sections), and a second-order notch filter- all are based on two-stage, Miller-compensated operational transconductance amplifiers (OTA). The OTAs have been designed employing the $g_m/I_D$ methodology. Both the pre-layout and post-layout simulation were carried out. The layout consumes an area of 0.0058 mm$^2$ without the resistors and capacitors. Analysis of various simulation results were carried out for the proposed AFE. The circuit demonstrates a post-layout bandwidth of 239 Hz with a variable gain between 44 to 58 dB, a notch depth of -56.4 dB at 50.1 Hz, a total harmonic distortion (THD) of -59.65 dB (less than 1\%), an input referred noise spectral density of $
Engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering
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