Zarrouk, O.; Pinto, C.; Alarcón, M.V.; Flores-Roco, A.; Santos, L.; David, T.S.; Amancio, S.; Lopes, C.M.; Carvalho, L.C. Canopy Architecture and Sun Exposure Influence Berry Cluster–Water Relations in the Grapevine Variety Muscat of Alexandria. Plants2024, 13, 1500.
Zarrouk, O.; Pinto, C.; Alarcón, M.V.; Flores-Roco, A.; Santos, L.; David, T.S.; Amancio, S.; Lopes, C.M.; Carvalho, L.C. Canopy Architecture and Sun Exposure Influence Berry Cluster–Water Relations in the Grapevine Variety Muscat of Alexandria. Plants 2024, 13, 1500.
Zarrouk, O.; Pinto, C.; Alarcón, M.V.; Flores-Roco, A.; Santos, L.; David, T.S.; Amancio, S.; Lopes, C.M.; Carvalho, L.C. Canopy Architecture and Sun Exposure Influence Berry Cluster–Water Relations in the Grapevine Variety Muscat of Alexandria. Plants2024, 13, 1500.
Zarrouk, O.; Pinto, C.; Alarcón, M.V.; Flores-Roco, A.; Santos, L.; David, T.S.; Amancio, S.; Lopes, C.M.; Carvalho, L.C. Canopy Architecture and Sun Exposure Influence Berry Cluster–Water Relations in the Grapevine Variety Muscat of Alexandria. Plants 2024, 13, 1500.
Abstract
Climate change related increases in frequency and intensity of heatwaves affect viticulture, leading to losses in yield and grape quality. We assessed whether canopy architecture manipulation mitigates the effects of summer stress in a Mediterranean vineyard. Muscat of Alexandria grapevines were monitored during 2019-2020. Two canopy shoot positioning treatments were applied: Vertical shoot positioning (VSP); and Modulated shoot positioning (MSP), the west side upper foliage released to promote partial shoot leaning, shading the clusters. Clusters were sampled at pea size (PS), veraison (VER) and full maturation (FM). Measurements included rachis anatomy and hydraulic conductance, and aquaporins (AQP) and stress-related genes expression in cluster tissues. Results show significant seasonal and interannual differences in Kh and vascular anatomy. At VER, Krachis , Krachis+pedicels, and xylem diameter decreased but were unaffected by treatments. The Phloem/Xylem ratio was either increased (2019) or reduced (2020) in MSP, compared to VSP. Most AQP were down-regulated at FM in pedicels, and up-regulated at VER in pulp. A potential maturation shift in MSP was observed, confirmed by the up-regulation of several stress-related genes in all tissues. The study pinpoints the role of canopy architecture in berry water relations and stress response during ripening.
Keywords
aquaporins; histology; hydraulic conductivity; phenology; stress related genes; Vitis vinifera
Subject
Biology and Life Sciences, Plant Sciences
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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