Version 1
: Received: 7 June 2024 / Approved: 10 June 2024 / Online: 11 June 2024 (15:49:20 CEST)
How to cite:
Hromić-Jahjefendić, A.; Mahmutović, L.; Sezer, A.; Bećirević, T.; Rubio-Casillas, A.; Redwan, E. M.; Uversky, V. N. Is There a Link between the Microbiome and Autoimmune Aspects of Long COVID-19?. Preprints2024, 2024060616. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202406.0616.v1
Hromić-Jahjefendić, A.; Mahmutović, L.; Sezer, A.; Bećirević, T.; Rubio-Casillas, A.; Redwan, E. M.; Uversky, V. N. Is There a Link between the Microbiome and Autoimmune Aspects of Long COVID-19?. Preprints 2024, 2024060616. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202406.0616.v1
Hromić-Jahjefendić, A.; Mahmutović, L.; Sezer, A.; Bećirević, T.; Rubio-Casillas, A.; Redwan, E. M.; Uversky, V. N. Is There a Link between the Microbiome and Autoimmune Aspects of Long COVID-19?. Preprints2024, 2024060616. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202406.0616.v1
APA Style
Hromić-Jahjefendić, A., Mahmutović, L., Sezer, A., Bećirević, T., Rubio-Casillas, A., Redwan, E. M., & Uversky, V. N. (2024). Is There a Link between the Microbiome and Autoimmune Aspects of Long COVID-19?. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202406.0616.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Hromić-Jahjefendić, A., Elrashdy M. Redwan and Vladimir N. Uversky. 2024 "Is There a Link between the Microbiome and Autoimmune Aspects of Long COVID-19?" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202406.0616.v1
Abstract
Long COVID-19 affects a significant percentage of survivors and is characterized by a wide range of symptoms, including weariness and mental fog as well as emotional symptoms like worry and sadness. COVID-19 is closely linked to the autoimmune disorders that are becoming more prevalent worldwide and are linked to the immune system hyperactivation, neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) development, and molecular mimicry pathways. Long-term COVID-related autoimmune responses include a watchful immune system, altered innate and adaptive immune cells, autoantigens secreted by living or dead neutrophils, and high concentrations of autoantibodies directed against different proteins. The microbiome, which consists of billions of bacteria living in the human body, is essential for controlling immune responses and supporting overall health. The microbiome can affect the course of long-term COVID-associated autoimmunity, including the degree of illness, the rate of recovery, and the onset of autoimmune reactions. Although the precise role of the microbiome in long COVID autoimmunity is still being investigated, new studies indicate that probiotics, prebiotics, and dietary changes—interventions that target the microbiome—may be able to reduce autoimmune reactions and enhance long-term outcomes for COVID-19 survivors. It is clear that more research is required to precisely understand how the microbiome affects COVID-19-related autoimmunity and to create tailored treatment plans.
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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