Version 1
: Received: 11 June 2024 / Approved: 12 June 2024 / Online: 12 June 2024 (14:56:15 CEST)
How to cite:
Tizabi, Y.; Bennani, S.; El Kouhen, N.; Getachew, B.; Aschner, M. Heavy Metals Interactions with Neuroglia and Gut Microbiota: Implications for Huntington’s Disease. Preprints2024, 2024060801. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202406.0801.v1
Tizabi, Y.; Bennani, S.; El Kouhen, N.; Getachew, B.; Aschner, M. Heavy Metals Interactions with Neuroglia and Gut Microbiota: Implications for Huntington’s Disease. Preprints 2024, 2024060801. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202406.0801.v1
Tizabi, Y.; Bennani, S.; El Kouhen, N.; Getachew, B.; Aschner, M. Heavy Metals Interactions with Neuroglia and Gut Microbiota: Implications for Huntington’s Disease. Preprints2024, 2024060801. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202406.0801.v1
APA Style
Tizabi, Y., Bennani, S., El Kouhen, N., Getachew, B., & Aschner, M. (2024). Heavy Metals Interactions with Neuroglia and Gut Microbiota: Implications for Huntington’s Disease. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202406.0801.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Tizabi, Y., Bruk Getachew and Michael Aschner. 2024 "Heavy Metals Interactions with Neuroglia and Gut Microbiota: Implications for Huntington’s Disease" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202406.0801.v1
Abstract
Huntington’s disease (HD) is a rare but progressive and devastating neurodegenerative disease characterized by involuntary movements, cognitive decline, executive dysfunction, and neuropsychiatric conditions such as anxiety and depression. It follows an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. Thus, a child who has a parent with the mutated huntingtin (mHTT) gene has a 50% chance of developing the disease. Since HTT protein is involved in many critical cellular processes including neurogenesis, brain development, energy metabolism, transcriptional regulation, synaptic activity, vesicle trafficking, cell signaling, and autophagy, its aberrant aggregates lead to disruption of numerous cellular pathways and neurodegeneration. Essential heavy metals are vital at low concentrations, however, at higher concentrations, can exacerbate HD by disrupting the glial-neuronal communication, and/or causing dysbiosis (disturbance in the gut microbiota, GM), both of which can lead to neuroinflammation and further neurodegeneration. Here, we discuss in detail the interactions of iron, manganese and copper with glial-neuron communication and GM and indicate how this knowledge may pave the way for development of a new generation of disease-modifying therapies in HD.
Keywords
Huntington’s disease; Heavy metals; Iron; Manganese; Copper; Glial cells; Gut microbiota; Neuroinflammation; Gut-brain axis
Subject
Medicine and Pharmacology, Neuroscience and Neurology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
