Version 1
: Received: 21 June 2024 / Approved: 21 June 2024 / Online: 21 June 2024 (11:45:06 CEST)
How to cite:
Yanai, H.; Adachi, H.; Hakoshima, M.; Katsuyama, H.; Sako, A. A Significance of Endothelial Dysfunction in Long COVID-19 for The Possible Future Pandemic of Chronic Kidney Disease and Cardiovascular Disease. Preprints2024, 2024061518. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202406.1518.v1
Yanai, H.; Adachi, H.; Hakoshima, M.; Katsuyama, H.; Sako, A. A Significance of Endothelial Dysfunction in Long COVID-19 for The Possible Future Pandemic of Chronic Kidney Disease and Cardiovascular Disease. Preprints 2024, 2024061518. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202406.1518.v1
Yanai, H.; Adachi, H.; Hakoshima, M.; Katsuyama, H.; Sako, A. A Significance of Endothelial Dysfunction in Long COVID-19 for The Possible Future Pandemic of Chronic Kidney Disease and Cardiovascular Disease. Preprints2024, 2024061518. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202406.1518.v1
APA Style
Yanai, H., Adachi, H., Hakoshima, M., Katsuyama, H., & Sako, A. (2024). A Significance of Endothelial Dysfunction in Long COVID-19 for The Possible Future Pandemic of Chronic Kidney Disease and Cardiovascular Disease. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202406.1518.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Yanai, H., Hisayuki Katsuyama and Akahito Sako. 2024 "A Significance of Endothelial Dysfunction in Long COVID-19 for The Possible Future Pandemic of Chronic Kidney Disease and Cardiovascular Disease" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202406.1518.v1
Abstract
Various symptoms have been reported to persist beyond acute phase of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, which is referred as long coronavirus disease 19 (long COVID-19). Over 65 million individuals suffer from long COVID-19. However, the causes of long COVID-19 have been largely unknown. Since long COVID-19 symptoms are observed throughout the body, vascular endothelial dysfunction may be a strong candidate to induce long COVID-19. The angioten-sin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the entry receptor of SARS-CoV-2, is ubiquitously expressed in endothelial cells. We previously found that the risk factors for athero-sclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and the history of ASCVD can be the risk for severe COVID-19, suggesting a contribution of pre-existing endothelial dysfunction to severe COVID-19. Here, we show a significant association of endothelial dysfunction with development of long COVID-19 and show that biomarkers for endothelial dysfunction in patients with long COVID-19 are also crucial players in development of ASCVD. We consider the influence of long COVID-19 on development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and ASCVD. Furthermore, we suggest the therapeutic interventions for long COVID-19 by considering endothelial dysfunction as the treatment tar-gets for long COVID-19. Such interventions may prevent pandemic of CKD and ASCVD in post COVID-19 era.
Medicine and Pharmacology, Cardiac and Cardiovascular Systems
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
