Ftergioti, A.; Simitsopoulou, M.; Sdougka, M.; Kallou, S.-A.; Haidich, A.-B.; Virgiliou, C.; Theodoridis, G.; Roilides, E.; Iosifidis, E. Interleukin-4 (IL-4), Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) or Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-Products (RAGE) in Bronchial Secretions Cannot Predict Pediatric Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP). Preprints2024, 2024070432. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202407.0432.v1
APA Style
Ftergioti, A., Simitsopoulou, M., Sdougka, M., Kallou, S. A., Haidich, A. B., Virgiliou, C., Theodoridis, G., Roilides, E., & Iosifidis, E. (2024). Interleukin-4 (IL-4), Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) or Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-Products (RAGE) in Bronchial Secretions Cannot Predict Pediatric Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP). Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202407.0432.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Ftergioti, A., Emmanuel Roilides and Elias Iosifidis. 2024 "Interleukin-4 (IL-4), Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) or Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-Products (RAGE) in Bronchial Secretions Cannot Predict Pediatric Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP)" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202407.0432.v1
Abstract
Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is among the most common healthcare-associated infections in Pediatric Intensive Care Units (PICUs). Because of the lack of a gold-standard diagnostic test, early diagnosis of VAP is challenging. We investigated whether bronchial biomarkers interleukin-4 (IL-4), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) could contribute in early VAP diagnosis through their fluctuation in time in critically ill pediatric patients. Methods: Bronchial secretions were collected from PICU patients with VAP on days 1 and 6. PAI-1, RAGE and IL-4 levels were measured by ELISA. Protein concentrations between high and low VAP suspicion patients were compared using unpaired Student’s t or Mann–Whitney U tests. Results: Twenty PICU patients, with median age 7.75yrs (range 0.5-15.3), mechanically ventilated for ≥48hrs with increased oxygenation requirements and VAP clinical/laboratory signs were enrolled. They were divided in VAP high-suspicion (n=12) or low-suspicion (n=8) groups based on Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score (cutoff:6). ΡΑΙ-1 και RAGE levels did not differ between high- or low-VAP suspicion groups the 1st or 6th days (p-value>0.05). IL-4 was not detected in bronchial secretions. Conclusion: Bronchial concentrations of IL-4, PAI-1 and RAGE in critically ill children are not correlated with high- or low-VAP suspicion.
Keywords
ventilator-associated pneumonia; biomarkers; pediatric intensive care unit; critically-ill children; ventilator-associated pneumonia; biomarkers; pediatric intensive care unit; critically-ill children
Subject
Medicine and Pharmacology, Internal Medicine
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
