Version 1
: Received: 26 July 2024 / Approved: 27 July 2024 / Online: 30 July 2024 (11:56:33 CEST)
How to cite:
Hereman, W.; Göktaş, Ü. Using Symmetries to Investigate the Complete Integrability, Solitary Wave Solutions and Solitons of the Gardner Equation. Preprints2024, 2024072297. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202407.2297.v1
Hereman, W.; Göktaş, Ü. Using Symmetries to Investigate the Complete Integrability, Solitary Wave Solutions and Solitons of the Gardner Equation. Preprints 2024, 2024072297. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202407.2297.v1
Hereman, W.; Göktaş, Ü. Using Symmetries to Investigate the Complete Integrability, Solitary Wave Solutions and Solitons of the Gardner Equation. Preprints2024, 2024072297. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202407.2297.v1
APA Style
Hereman, W., & Göktaş, Ü. (2024). Using Symmetries to Investigate the Complete Integrability, Solitary Wave Solutions and Solitons of the Gardner Equation. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202407.2297.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Hereman, W. and Ünal Göktaş. 2024 "Using Symmetries to Investigate the Complete Integrability, Solitary Wave Solutions and Solitons of the Gardner Equation" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202407.2297.v1
Abstract
Using a scaling symmetry, it is shown how to compute polynomial conservation laws, generalized symmetries, recursion operators, Lax pairs, and bilinear forms of polynomial nonlinear partial differential equations thereby establishing their complete integrability. The Gardner equation is chosen as the key example for it comprises both the Korteweg-de Vries and modified Korteweg de Vries (mKdV) equations. The Gardner and Miura transformations which connect these equations are also computed using the concept of scaling homogeneity. Exact solitary wave solutions and solitons of the Gardner equation are derived using Hirota’s method and other direct methods. The nature of these solutions depends on the sign of the cubic term in the Gardner equation and the underlying mKdV equation. It is shown that flat (table-top) waves of large amplitude only occur when the sign of the cubic nonlinearity is negative (defocusing case) whereas the focusing Gardner equation has the standard elastically colliding solitons. The paper’s aim is to provide a review of integrability properties and solutions of the Gardner equation and illustrate the applicability of the scaling symmetry approach. The methods and algorithms used in this paper have been implemented in Mathematica but can be adapted for major computer algebra systems.
Computer Science and Mathematics, Applied Mathematics
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
