Version 1
: Received: 20 August 2024 / Approved: 21 August 2024 / Online: 22 August 2024 (03:04:27 CEST)
How to cite:
Hässig, M.; Biner, N.; Gerspach, C.; Hertzberg, H.; Kühni, M.; Schelling, C.; Liesegang, A. Urolithiasis in Yaks in the Swiss Alps. Preprints2024, 2024081578. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202408.1578.v1
Hässig, M.; Biner, N.; Gerspach, C.; Hertzberg, H.; Kühni, M.; Schelling, C.; Liesegang, A. Urolithiasis in Yaks in the Swiss Alps. Preprints 2024, 2024081578. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202408.1578.v1
Hässig, M.; Biner, N.; Gerspach, C.; Hertzberg, H.; Kühni, M.; Schelling, C.; Liesegang, A. Urolithiasis in Yaks in the Swiss Alps. Preprints2024, 2024081578. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202408.1578.v1
APA Style
Hässig, M., Biner, N., Gerspach, C., Hertzberg, H., Kühni, M., Schelling, C., & Liesegang, A. (2024). Urolithiasis in Yaks in the Swiss Alps. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202408.1578.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Hässig, M., Claude Schelling and Annette Liesegang. 2024 "Urolithiasis in Yaks in the Swiss Alps" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202408.1578.v1
Abstract
Background: In 2006 to 2014, 10 cases of urolithiasis in yaks, with calcium carbonate uroliths, were confirmed in Switzerland and at the same time a 6-fold calcium overhang in roughage in an affected farm was shown.
Methods: Blood samples from 99 animals were examined from 10 farms (n=6 problem farms; n=4 control farms). In addition, roughage, soil and water samples were analyzed. The farms are distributed within different regions in Switzerland.
Results: The study revealed different Ca : P ratio from 1.56 to 7.74 : 1 in the forages and mild hypercalcemia in the animals of problem farms. In the univariate analysis, problem versus control farms, about 20 other significant factors emerged. The multivariate analysis has shown that altitude, CP (crude protein), P, Mg, NDF (neutral detergent fibre) and ADF (acid resistant detergent fibre) in the diet are important factors. Based on the analysis of the pedigree there was no evidence for an obvious genetic background of urolithiasis.
Limitations: Limitation is the small number of Yaks in Switzerland.
Conclusion: The question of whether urolithiasis in yaks in alpine Switzerland, poses a husbandry risk, can be answered affirmatively. The calcium-rich forages play a crucial role in this multifactorial process.
Keywords
yak; hypercalcemia; urolithiasis
Subject
Biology and Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science and Zoology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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