preprints.org > environmental and earth sciences > ecology > doi: 10.20944/preprints202409.0041.v1

Preprint Review Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Version 1 : Received: 30 August 2024 / Approved: 1 September 2024 / Online: 2 September 2024 (11:36:03 CEST)

Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) encroachment in subalpine and alpine ecosystems is increasing due to climate change and reduced land management. This review examines bilberry traits, environmental responses, and ecosystem impacts. As a stress-tolerant chamaephyte, bilberry thrives in acidic, nutrient-poor soils across various habitats. It propagates effectively through rhizomes and demonstrates a phalanx growth form. Bilberry's growth and distribution are influenced by elevation, soil structure, pH, water availability, and nitrogen content. Mycorrhizal associations play a crucial role in nutrient uptake. The species modifies microclimate, facilitates litter accumulation, and influences soil microbial communities, affecting nutrient turnover and biodiversity. Bilberry shows moderate tolerance to herbivory and frost, with the ability to recover through rapid emergence of new ramets. However, severe or repeated disturbances can significantly impact its abundance and reproductive success. Climate warming and atmospheric nitrogen deposition have accelerated bilberry growth in treeline ecotones. Management of bilberry encroachment requires a nuanced approach, considering its resilience, historical land-use changes, and environmental factors. The goal should be to limit, not eliminate, bilberry as it's a natural part of subalpine communities. Long-term comparative monitoring and experimental manipulation are necessary for effective management strategies.

shrubification bilberry; Vaccinium myrtillus; subalpine; mountains; plant traits; habitat

Environmental and Earth Sciences, Ecology

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