Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

A Pandemic Risk Index to Monitor the Risk of Pará’s Coastal Municipalities during COVID-19: Addressing Vulnerabilities and Open Space Management

Ana Beatriz Brito Dias
* ,
Jose Antonio Jimenez
ORCID logo ,
Luci Cajueiro Carneiro Pereira
* ORCID logo ,
Brenda Ribeiro Padilha da Silva
ORCID logo ,
Luan Rabelo
ORCID logo ,
Farley Darlan dos Santos Fernandes
Version 1 : Received: 11 September 2024 / Approved: 12 September 2024 / Online: 14 September 2024 (04:25:26 CEST)

How to cite: Dias, A. B. B.; Jimenez, J. A.; Pereira, L. C. C.; Silva, B. R. P. D.; Rabelo, L.; Fernandes, F. D. D. S. A Pandemic Risk Index to Monitor the Risk of Pará’s Coastal Municipalities during COVID-19: Addressing Vulnerabilities and Open Space Management. Preprints 2024, 2024091011. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202409.1011.v1 Dias, A. B. B.; Jimenez, J. A.; Pereira, L. C. C.; Silva, B. R. P. D.; Rabelo, L.; Fernandes, F. D. D. S. A Pandemic Risk Index to Monitor the Risk of Pará’s Coastal Municipalities during COVID-19: Addressing Vulnerabilities and Open Space Management. Preprints 2024, 2024091011. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202409.1011.v1

Abstract

Amidst the Covid-19 pandemic, open spaces provided solace for people during social isolation but also heighten risks, particularly in areas lacking proper management. This was especially critical in regions already facing challenges like low human development, extreme poverty, limited healthcare access, as seen in Pará Coastal Zone (NE Brazil). To address this, this study introduced the Pandemic Risk Index (PRI), evaluating Covid-19 risk using demographic, social, economic, and epidemiological indicators. Applied to municipalities in the area, PRI highlighted preexisting vulnerabilities shaping the region’s pandemic response and overall risk. PRI analysis revealed temporal and spatial variations in risk levels, identifying areas where the use of open spaces like beaches, presented a higher transmission risk. The results emphasized the significance of effective governance, improved healthcare, and containment measures, lowers risk levels. affect risk levels, and becomes one of the most important challenges, especially in remote areas with limited services and access.

Keywords

pandemic; Covid-19; risk Index; social vulnerability; beaches

Subject

Social Sciences, Tourism, Leisure, Sport and Hospitality

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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