Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Effective Strategies and a Ten-Point Plan for Cardio-Kidney-Metabolic Health in Croatia. An Expert Opinion

Željko Reiner
,
Bojan Jelaković
ORCID logo ,
Davor Miličić
,
Marija Bubaš
,
Ines Balint
,
Nikolina Bašić-Jukić
,
Valerija Bralić Lang
,
Vili Beroš
,
Ivana Brkić Biloš
,
Silvija Canecki-Varžić
,
Krunoslav Capak
,
Verica Kralj
,
Ana Ljubas
,
Branko Malojčić
ORCID logo ,
Viktor Peršić
,
Ivana Portolan Pajić
,
Dario Rahelić
ORCID logo ,
Alen Ružić
,
Tomislav Sokol
,
Ana Soldo
,
Ivan Pećin
* ORCID logo
Version 1 : Received: 18 September 2024 / Approved: 18 September 2024 / Online: 19 September 2024 (12:06:55 CEST)

How to cite: Reiner, Ž.; Jelaković, B.; Miličić, D.; Bubaš, M.; Balint, I.; Bašić-Jukić, N.; Lang, V. B.; Beroš, V.; Brkić Biloš, I.; Canecki-Varžić, S.; Capak, K.; Kralj, V.; Ljubas, A.; Malojčić, B.; Peršić, V.; Portolan Pajić, I.; Rahelić, D.; Ružić, A.; Sokol, T.; Soldo, A.; Pećin, I. Effective Strategies and a Ten-Point Plan for Cardio-Kidney-Metabolic Health in Croatia. An Expert Opinion. Preprints 2024, 2024091440. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202409.1440.v1 Reiner, Ž.; Jelaković, B.; Miličić, D.; Bubaš, M.; Balint, I.; Bašić-Jukić, N.; Lang, V. B.; Beroš, V.; Brkić Biloš, I.; Canecki-Varžić, S.; Capak, K.; Kralj, V.; Ljubas, A.; Malojčić, B.; Peršić, V.; Portolan Pajić, I.; Rahelić, D.; Ružić, A.; Sokol, T.; Soldo, A.; Pećin, I. Effective Strategies and a Ten-Point Plan for Cardio-Kidney-Metabolic Health in Croatia. An Expert Opinion. Preprints 2024, 2024091440. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202409.1440.v1

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, including in Croatia. Since most patients have multiple disorders and diseases caused largely by the same risk factors, and as it is essential to approach each patient as a person with all disorders, today we are talking about a new paradigm - cardio-renal-metabolic (CKM) syndrome and cardio-renal-metabolic health, which necessarily includes brain health. Elevated systolic blood pressure, LDL cholesterol, smoking, obesity, diabetes, impaired renal function or chronic kidney disease, which all stem from insufficient physical activity, unhealthy diet with excessive intake of table salt, and air pollution, are the leading causes of overall morbidity and mortality from CKM diseases, especially mortality from CVD. Experts from various fields key to CKM health have written this document with the aim of integrating it as part of the national plan for the prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases with a focus on CVD, which should become mandatory and be based on the existing guidelines of professional societies.

Keywords

blood pressure; arterial hypertension; hypercholesterolemia; LDL cholesterol; cardiovascular disease; stroke; chronic kidney disease; chronic non-communicable diseases; cardio-reno-metabolic health; primary prevention; secondary prevention

Subject

Public Health and Healthcare, Health Policy and Services

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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