PreprintArticleVersion 1This version is not peer-reviewed
The Presence of Some Minor Aspergillus and Penicillium Mycotoxins: Mycophenolic Acid, Cyclopiazonic Acid, Penicillic Acid, Roquefortine C, and Gliotoxin in Main Cereals Cultivated in Albania
Version 1
: Received: 5 October 2024 / Approved: 5 October 2024 / Online: 7 October 2024 (11:23:39 CEST)
How to cite:
Topi, D.; Damani, Z.; Babič, J.; Jakovac-Strajn, B.; Tavčar-Kalcher, G. The Presence of Some Minor Aspergillus and Penicillium Mycotoxins: Mycophenolic Acid, Cyclopiazonic Acid, Penicillic Acid, Roquefortine C, and Gliotoxin in Main Cereals Cultivated in Albania. Preprints2024, 2024100387. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202410.0387.v1
Topi, D.; Damani, Z.; Babič, J.; Jakovac-Strajn, B.; Tavčar-Kalcher, G. The Presence of Some Minor Aspergillus and Penicillium Mycotoxins: Mycophenolic Acid, Cyclopiazonic Acid, Penicillic Acid, Roquefortine C, and Gliotoxin in Main Cereals Cultivated in Albania. Preprints 2024, 2024100387. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202410.0387.v1
Topi, D.; Damani, Z.; Babič, J.; Jakovac-Strajn, B.; Tavčar-Kalcher, G. The Presence of Some Minor Aspergillus and Penicillium Mycotoxins: Mycophenolic Acid, Cyclopiazonic Acid, Penicillic Acid, Roquefortine C, and Gliotoxin in Main Cereals Cultivated in Albania. Preprints2024, 2024100387. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202410.0387.v1
APA Style
Topi, D., Damani, Z., Babič, J., Jakovac-Strajn, B., & Tavčar-Kalcher, G. (2024). The Presence of Some Minor Aspergillus and Penicillium Mycotoxins: Mycophenolic Acid, Cyclopiazonic Acid, Penicillic Acid, Roquefortine C, and Gliotoxin in Main Cereals Cultivated in Albania. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202410.0387.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Topi, D., Breda Jakovac-Strajn and Gabrijela Tavčar-Kalcher. 2024 "The Presence of Some Minor Aspergillus and Penicillium Mycotoxins: Mycophenolic Acid, Cyclopiazonic Acid, Penicillic Acid, Roquefortine C, and Gliotoxin in Main Cereals Cultivated in Albania" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202410.0387.v1
Abstract
(1) Background: Food and Feed Safety Legislation does not concern all the mycotoxins generated by Penicillium and Aspergillus spp. Certain mycotoxins, including cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), penicillic acid (PA), roquefortine C (ROQ C), mycophenolic acid (MPA), and gliotoxin regarded as having lower toxicity levels, hence not included in food and feed legislation; (2) Methods: Presence of these substances in maize and wheat grown in Albania across two consecutive harvesting seasons was investigated by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS); (3) Results: The findings indicated the presence of these mycotoxins in maize grain but not in wheat grain. In the 2014 season, they exhibited a higher contamination incidence than the 2015 season. The most commonly detected Mycotoxin was MPA, followed by CPA and ROC toxin, while Penicillium acid and gliotoxin were detected. The MPA revealed a concentration range of 72.92–3447.25 μg/kg, with a mean value of 1063.89 μg/kg. Mycophenolic acid was detected in the maize samples collected during the 2015 season. (4) Conclusions: These findings suggest that focusing the investigation only on 'controlled' mycotoxins will not produce a proper risk assessment and may not adequately address the possible harmful impacts of mycotoxins on human and animal health due to mycotoxins co-occurrence.
Chemistry and Materials Science, Analytical Chemistry
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
