PreprintArticleVersion 1This version is not peer-reviewed
Tumor Associated Macrophages (TAMs)-Related Cytokines, sCD163, CCL2 and CCL4, as Novel Biomarkers for Overall Survival and Time to Treatment in Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia, Emphasis on Asymptomatic WM
Version 1
: Received: 6 October 2024 / Approved: 7 October 2024 / Online: 7 October 2024 (08:00:26 CEST)
How to cite:
Gkiokas, A.; Papadatou-Gigante, M.; Gkioka, A. I.; Koudouna, A.; Tryfou, T. M.; Alexandros Alexandropoulos, A.; Bartzi, V.; Kafasi, N.; Kyrtsonis, M.-C. Tumor Associated Macrophages (TAMs)-Related Cytokines, sCD163, CCL2 and CCL4, as Novel Biomarkers for Overall Survival and Time to Treatment in Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia, Emphasis on Asymptomatic WM. Preprints2024, 2024100416. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202410.0416.v1
Gkiokas, A.; Papadatou-Gigante, M.; Gkioka, A. I.; Koudouna, A.; Tryfou, T. M.; Alexandros Alexandropoulos, A.; Bartzi, V.; Kafasi, N.; Kyrtsonis, M.-C. Tumor Associated Macrophages (TAMs)-Related Cytokines, sCD163, CCL2 and CCL4, as Novel Biomarkers for Overall Survival and Time to Treatment in Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia, Emphasis on Asymptomatic WM. Preprints 2024, 2024100416. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202410.0416.v1
Gkiokas, A.; Papadatou-Gigante, M.; Gkioka, A. I.; Koudouna, A.; Tryfou, T. M.; Alexandros Alexandropoulos, A.; Bartzi, V.; Kafasi, N.; Kyrtsonis, M.-C. Tumor Associated Macrophages (TAMs)-Related Cytokines, sCD163, CCL2 and CCL4, as Novel Biomarkers for Overall Survival and Time to Treatment in Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia, Emphasis on Asymptomatic WM. Preprints2024, 2024100416. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202410.0416.v1
APA Style
Gkiokas, A., Papadatou-Gigante, M., Gkioka, A. I., Koudouna, A., Tryfou, T. M., Alexandros Alexandropoulos, A., Bartzi, V., Kafasi, N., & Kyrtsonis, M. C. (2024). Tumor Associated Macrophages (TAMs)-Related Cytokines, sCD163, CCL2 and CCL4, as Novel Biomarkers for Overall Survival and Time to Treatment in Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia, Emphasis on Asymptomatic WM. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202410.0416.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Gkiokas, A., Nikolitsa Kafasi and Marie-Christine Kyrtsonis. 2024 "Tumor Associated Macrophages (TAMs)-Related Cytokines, sCD163, CCL2 and CCL4, as Novel Biomarkers for Overall Survival and Time to Treatment in Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia, Emphasis on Asymptomatic WM" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202410.0416.v1
Abstract
Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia (WM) is an heterogenous disease, and the majority of patients tends to have a long course. Nevertheless, it is imperative to detect patients who have high risk of progression and who benefit from closer follow up. Many recent studies have displayed the CD163-positive Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) contribution in the pathogenesis of various hematological neoplasms and solid tumors. Soluble CD163 (sCD163) can be measured in serum, along with other TAM-chemoattractant cytokines, such as CCL2 and CCL4, and their levels are used to determine macrophage activation. In the current study we investigated the correlation between sCD163, CCL2 and CCL4, with parameters of WM progression and survival. Out of a total 204 WM patients, serum sCD163, CCL2 and CCL4 were measured in 75, 64 and 65, patients’ frozen sera at diagnosis and 30 healthy individuals (HIs) using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We achieved to demonstrate that shorter Time to Treatment (TTT) was observed in 2 years and 7 years intervals in all patients with a ratio of CD163/CCL4 above median (p =0.003 and p=0.024 respectively) and decreased TTT was observed in all asymptomatic WM (AWM) patients with values of CCL4 above the median (p=0.018). Moreover, significantly decreased overall survival (OS) (p=0.033) was observed in all WM patients with CCL2 values above median. Our results indicate that sCD163, CCL2 and CCL4 could be utilized as prognostic markers in WM.
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
