Version 1
: Received: 10 October 2024 / Approved: 11 October 2024 / Online: 11 October 2024 (11:02:25 CEST)
How to cite:
Klochkov, V.; Chan, C.-M.; Lin, W.-W. Methylglyoxal: A Key Factor for Diabetic Retinopathy and Its Effects on Retinal Damage. Preprints2024, 2024100871. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202410.0871.v1
Klochkov, V.; Chan, C.-M.; Lin, W.-W. Methylglyoxal: A Key Factor for Diabetic Retinopathy and Its Effects on Retinal Damage. Preprints 2024, 2024100871. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202410.0871.v1
Klochkov, V.; Chan, C.-M.; Lin, W.-W. Methylglyoxal: A Key Factor for Diabetic Retinopathy and Its Effects on Retinal Damage. Preprints2024, 2024100871. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202410.0871.v1
APA Style
Klochkov, V., Chan, C. M., & Lin, W. W. (2024). Methylglyoxal: A Key Factor for Diabetic Retinopathy and Its Effects on Retinal Damage. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202410.0871.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Klochkov, V., Chi-Ming Chan and Wan-Wan Lin. 2024 "Methylglyoxal: A Key Factor for Diabetic Retinopathy and Its Effects on Retinal Damage" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202410.0871.v1
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is the most common retinal vascular disease, affecting the retina's blood vessels and causing chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and ultimately, vision loss. Diabetes-induced elevated glucose levels increase glycolysis, the main pathway for methylglyoxal (MGO) formation. MGO is a highly reactive dicarbonyl and the most rapid glycation compound to form endogenous advanced glycation end products (AGEs). MGO can act both intra- and extracellularly by glycating molecules and activating the RAGE pathway. This review summarizes the sources of MGO formation and its actions on various cell pathways in retinal cells such as oxidative stress, glycation, autophagy, ER stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Finally, the detoxification of MGO by glyoxalases is discussed.
Keywords
Methylglyoxal; diabetic retinopathy; oxidative stress; inflammation; autophagy; ER stress; glyoxalase
Subject
Medicine and Pharmacology, Medicine and Pharmacology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
