Version 1
: Received: 11 October 2024 / Approved: 11 October 2024 / Online: 11 October 2024 (09:36:06 CEST)
How to cite:
Kul, M.; Akgül, B.; Karabay, Y. Z.; Hitzler, L.; Sert, E.; Merkel, M. Minimum and Stable Coefficient of Thermal Expansion by Three-Step Heat Treatment of Invar 36. Preprints2024, 2024100890. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202410.0890.v1
Kul, M.; Akgül, B.; Karabay, Y. Z.; Hitzler, L.; Sert, E.; Merkel, M. Minimum and Stable Coefficient of Thermal Expansion by Three-Step Heat Treatment of Invar 36. Preprints 2024, 2024100890. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202410.0890.v1
Kul, M.; Akgül, B.; Karabay, Y. Z.; Hitzler, L.; Sert, E.; Merkel, M. Minimum and Stable Coefficient of Thermal Expansion by Three-Step Heat Treatment of Invar 36. Preprints2024, 2024100890. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202410.0890.v1
APA Style
Kul, M., Akgül, B., Karabay, Y. Z., Hitzler, L., Sert, E., & Merkel, M. (2024). Minimum and Stable Coefficient of Thermal Expansion by Three-Step Heat Treatment of Invar 36. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202410.0890.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Kul, M., Enes Sert and Markus Merkel. 2024 "Minimum and Stable Coefficient of Thermal Expansion by Three-Step Heat Treatment of Invar 36" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202410.0890.v1
Abstract
The low coefficient of thermal expansion of Invar 36 represents a significant consideration in light of its potential effects, particularly in industrial applications where thermal stability is of paramount importance. In light of this, a three-step heat treatment was employed, to reduce the thermal expansion coefficient, and enhance the thermal dimensional stability. The ingots produced by vacuum induction melting were subjected to a warm rolling process at 900 °C, followed by a three-step heat treatment consisting of water quenching at 850 °C, tempering at 350 °C with a holding time of 1 hour, and aging at 100 °C for 24 hours. This process enabled the coefficient of thermal expansion to remain almost unchanged, exhibiting values between 0.5 and 0.6 x10-6/°C up to 150 °C. Following the heat treatment, the total elongation increased up to 40% as a natural consequence of the reduction of residual stresses, while a slight decrease in tensile strength was observed. The implementation of a three-step heat treatment process has facilitated an enhancement of the soft magnetic property, which has exhibited a decline in coercivity and an increase in saturation magnetization. As a consequence, three-step heat-treated invar 36 alloys are emerging as a potential candidate for utilization in the aerospace and precision electronics industries, given their satisfactory physical and mechanical characteristics.
Keywords
invar 36; three-step heat treatment; low CTE; dimensional stability of thermally; Magnetic properties
Subject
Chemistry and Materials Science, Metals, Alloys and Metallurgy
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
