Preprint Review Version 1 This version is not peer-reviewed

Ehrlichia Canis Vaccine Development: Challenges and Advances

Bruna Samara Alves-Ribeiro
,
Raiany Borges Duarte
,
Zara Mariana de Assis-Silva
,
Ana Paula Carvalho Gomes
,
Yasodaja Assis Silva
,
Lizandra Fernandes-Silva
ORCID logo ,
Alice Caroline da Silva Rocha
,
Iago de Sá Moraes
,
Klaus Casaro Saturnino
ORCID logo ,
Dirceu Guilherme de Souza Ramos
,
Isis Indaiara Gonçalves Granjeiro Taques
,
Ísis Assis Braga
*
Version 1 : Received: 25 October 2024 / Approved: 28 October 2024 / Online: 29 October 2024 (09:18:42 CET)

How to cite: Alves-Ribeiro, B. S.; Duarte, R. B.; Assis-Silva, Z. M. D.; Gomes, A. P. C.; Silva, Y. A.; Fernandes-Silva, L.; Rocha, A. C. D. S.; Moraes, I. D. S.; Saturnino, K. C.; Ramos, D. G. D. S.; Taques, I. I. G. G.; Braga, Í. A. Ehrlichia Canis Vaccine Development: Challenges and Advances. Preprints 2024, 2024102194. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202410.2194.v1 Alves-Ribeiro, B. S.; Duarte, R. B.; Assis-Silva, Z. M. D.; Gomes, A. P. C.; Silva, Y. A.; Fernandes-Silva, L.; Rocha, A. C. D. S.; Moraes, I. D. S.; Saturnino, K. C.; Ramos, D. G. D. S.; Taques, I. I. G. G.; Braga, Í. A. Ehrlichia Canis Vaccine Development: Challenges and Advances. Preprints 2024, 2024102194. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202410.2194.v1

Abstract

Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME) is an infectious disease caused by Ehrlichia canis, a globally recognized obligate intracellular bacterium. In addition to dogs, other animals, including humans, may be affected. Despite its epidemiological importance and impact on public health, there is currently no commercial vaccine against E. canis. This study aimed to present relevant aspects of the challenges and advances encountered in the development of vaccines for CME and highlight perspectives for future investigations. High genetic variability, along with the various evasion mechanisms employed by E. canis, has hindered the identification of an antigen that targets Th1 cells and is immunogenic to most E. canis isolates, considering their distinct antigenic characteristics. To achieve robust immunity, the vaccine must predominantly confer cellular and humoral immunity. Early production efforts have been challenging owing to low immunogenicity, difficulties in establishing long-term protection, and limitations of the techniques used. However, with the refinement of bioinformatic tools, research in this area will be facilitated, thereby accelerating the development of effective vaccines for CME. According to these authors, a vaccine should consist of multiple epitopes.

Keywords

Bioinformatics; Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis; Immunizing; Immunoreactive proteins; Tick-borne disease

Subject

Medicine and Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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