Version 1
: Received: 4 November 2024 / Approved: 4 November 2024 / Online: 5 November 2024 (09:38:33 CET)
How to cite:
Lee, J.; Geum, D.; Park, D.-H.; Kim, J.-H. Molecular Targeting of Ischemic Stroke: The Promise of Naïve and Engineered Extracellular Vesicles. Preprints2024, 2024110189. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202411.0189.v1
Lee, J.; Geum, D.; Park, D.-H.; Kim, J.-H. Molecular Targeting of Ischemic Stroke: The Promise of Naïve and Engineered Extracellular Vesicles. Preprints 2024, 2024110189. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202411.0189.v1
Lee, J.; Geum, D.; Park, D.-H.; Kim, J.-H. Molecular Targeting of Ischemic Stroke: The Promise of Naïve and Engineered Extracellular Vesicles. Preprints2024, 2024110189. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202411.0189.v1
APA Style
Lee, J., Geum, D., Park, D. H., & Kim, J. H. (2024). Molecular Targeting of Ischemic Stroke: The Promise of Naïve and Engineered Extracellular Vesicles. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202411.0189.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Lee, J., Dong-Hyuk Park and Jong-Hoon Kim. 2024 "Molecular Targeting of Ischemic Stroke: The Promise of Naïve and Engineered Extracellular Vesicles" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202411.0189.v1
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) remains a leading cause of mortality and long-term disability worldwide, with limited therapeutic options available. Despite the success of early interventions such as tissue-type plasminogen activator administration and mechanical thrombectomy, many patients continue to experience persistent neurological deficits. The pathophysiology of IS is multifaceted, encompassing excitotoxicity, oxidative and nitrosative stress, inflammation, and blood-brain barrier disruption, all of which contribute to neural cell death, further complicating the treatment of IS. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted naturally by various cell types have emerged as promising therapeutic agents because of their ability to facilitate selective cell-to-cell communication, neuroprotection, and tissue regeneration. Furthermore, engineered EVs, designed to enhance targeted delivery and therapeutic cargo, hold potential to improve their therapeutic benefits by mitigating neuronal damage and promoting neurogenesis and angiogenesis. This review summarizes the characteristics of EVs, the molecular mechanisms underlying IS pathophysiology, and the emerging role of EVs in IS treatment at the molecular level. This review also explores the recent advancements in EV engineering, including the incorporation of specific proteins, RNAs, or pharmacological agents into EVs to enhance their therapeutic efficacy.
Medicine and Pharmacology, Neuroscience and Neurology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
