Version 1
: Received: 4 November 2024 / Approved: 6 November 2024 / Online: 6 November 2024 (10:31:20 CET)
How to cite:
Trupp, A. Astonishing Symmetries in Front of and Beyond the Cosmic Event Horizon Yielded by The Cosmic Variant of the Schwarzschild Solution. Preprints2024, 2024110399. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202411.0399.v1
Trupp, A. Astonishing Symmetries in Front of and Beyond the Cosmic Event Horizon Yielded by The Cosmic Variant of the Schwarzschild Solution. Preprints 2024, 2024110399. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202411.0399.v1
Trupp, A. Astonishing Symmetries in Front of and Beyond the Cosmic Event Horizon Yielded by The Cosmic Variant of the Schwarzschild Solution. Preprints2024, 2024110399. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202411.0399.v1
APA Style
Trupp, A. (2024). Astonishing Symmetries in Front of and Beyond the Cosmic Event Horizon Yielded by The Cosmic Variant of the Schwarzschild Solution. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202411.0399.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Trupp, A. 2024 "Astonishing Symmetries in Front of and Beyond the Cosmic Event Horizon Yielded by The Cosmic Variant of the Schwarzschild Solution" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202411.0399.v1
Abstract
The Schwarzschild solution of Einstein’s field equation comes in two variants, one for a
single spherical mass (black hole), and one for the universe as a whole (in which dark energy prevails
over matter). The cosmic variant represents a special form of expanding De-Sitter space (and is a
good match with cosmic reality). In the cosmic variant, the Schwarzschild horizon of a black hole is
replaced by the cosmic event horizon. The world-lines of escaping galaxies and also of photons is
given by a function r(t) in which no square root of a negative number appears, so that the functionvalue
is a real number even when it comes to r larger than the distance to the horizon. It turns out that
no singularity exists beyond the cosmic event horizon. A surprising symmetry is thereby revealed
(with the cosmic event-horizon functioning as a symmetry line). This symmetry comprises timereversals
along world-lines, and the possibility of crossing the cosmic event horizon in both
directions. As a consequence thereof, loop-shaped world lines of objects are within reach (similar to
those in Gödel’s universe), even in the vicinity of planet Earth. As Gödel had correctly pointed out,
loop-shaped world lines are proof of the static model of time, according to which present, past and
future events occurring at the same spatial location are equally part of physical reality, not different
from events occurring at the same time at different places. Kruskal-Szekeres charts do not obstruct
any of these results. These charts have so far been used in an incorrect manner. When using them
correctly, no singularity exists beyond event horizons, neither in the back-hole case, nor in the cosmic
case. Doubts with regard to the existence of singularities, recently expressed by R. P. Kerr (2023), are
thus proved to be justified.
Keywords
General relativity; Schwarzschild solution; Kruskal charts; cosmic event horizon; De-Sitter space; time travel; time reversal; closed world lines; black hole; white hole
Subject
Physical Sciences, Theoretical Physics
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
