Preprint Article Version 1 This version is not peer-reviewed

Impact of Pre-Vaccination Active Vitamin D Levels on COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine-Induced Immunity in a Japanese Cohort

Tomoaki Hirakawa
ORCID logo ,
Goki Yamada
,
Mikiko Tokiya
* ORCID logo ,
Takuma Furukawa
,
Chiharu Iwasaka
,
Takeshi Sawada
ORCID logo ,
Tadayuki Tsujita
ORCID logo ,
Mizuho A Kido
,
Yoshio Hirota
,
Megumi Hara
ORCID logo ,
Akiko Matsumoto
ORCID logo
Version 1 : Received: 5 November 2024 / Approved: 6 November 2024 / Online: 6 November 2024 (17:04:56 CET)

How to cite: Hirakawa, T.; Yamada, G.; Tokiya, M.; Furukawa, T.; Iwasaka, C.; Sawada, T.; Tsujita, T.; Kido, M. A.; Hirota, Y.; Hara, M.; Matsumoto, A. Impact of Pre-Vaccination Active Vitamin D Levels on COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine-Induced Immunity in a Japanese Cohort. Preprints 2024, 2024110420. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202411.0420.v1 Hirakawa, T.; Yamada, G.; Tokiya, M.; Furukawa, T.; Iwasaka, C.; Sawada, T.; Tsujita, T.; Kido, M. A.; Hirota, Y.; Hara, M.; Matsumoto, A. Impact of Pre-Vaccination Active Vitamin D Levels on COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine-Induced Immunity in a Japanese Cohort. Preprints 2024, 2024110420. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202411.0420.v1

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Low blood vitamin D levels have been linked to COVID-19 severity; however, data on the effects of vitamin D on vaccine immunogenicity remain limited. This study evaluated the impact of baseline serum 1α, 25-(OH)2 vitamin D, a bioactive form with controlled blood concentrations, on vaccine response. Methods: From June to September 2021, we measured active vitamin D levels in 88 Japanese workers and students before vaccination with BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273. We assessed SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1 IgG and IgM levels and antigen-specific INF-γ-releasing cells from pre-vaccination up to 8 months post-second dose. Results: Active vitamin D levels ranged from 33.7 to 99.8 pg/mL, 60.2% above the Japanese reference range (20–60 pg/mL). In a mixed model accounting for repeated measures and sub-cohort random effects and following fixed effects, vaccine type, weeks post-vaccination, age, sex, ALDH2 gene polymorphism, height, smoking, ethanol intake, exercise, stress, steroid use, allergies, dyslipidemia, active vitamin D was negatively associated with anti-S1 IgG and IgM (p < 0.001) but positively with INF-γ-releasing cell counts (p = 0.003). Conclusions: As the robustness of cellular immunity is independent of viral mutations, 1,25-(OH)2 vitamin D levels above the reference range may enhance vaccine-induced COVID-19 protection in the long term.

Keywords

vitamin D; COVID-19; vaccine-Induced Immunity

Subject

Medicine and Pharmacology, Immunology and Allergy

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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