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Aged Garlic Extract (AGE) and Its Constituents S‐allyl‐cysteine (SAC) Inhibit the Expression of Pro‐Inflammatory Genes Induced in Bronchial Epithelial IB3‐1 Cells by Exposure to the SARS‐CoV‐2 Spike Protein and the BNT162b2 Vaccine
Version 1
: Received: 8 November 2024 / Approved: 8 November 2024 / Online: 8 November 2024 (13:41:36 CET)
How to cite:
Gasparello, J.; Papi, C.; Marzaro, G.; Macone, A.; Zurlo, M.; Finotti, A.; Agostinelli, E.; Gambari, R. Aged Garlic Extract (AGE) and Its Constituents S‐allyl‐cysteine (SAC) Inhibit the Expression of Pro‐Inflammatory Genes Induced in Bronchial Epithelial IB3‐1 Cells by Exposure to the SARS‐CoV‐2 Spike Protein and the BNT162b2 Vaccine. Preprints2024, 2024110635. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202411.0635.v1
Gasparello, J.; Papi, C.; Marzaro, G.; Macone, A.; Zurlo, M.; Finotti, A.; Agostinelli, E.; Gambari, R. Aged Garlic Extract (AGE) and Its Constituents S‐allyl‐cysteine (SAC) Inhibit the Expression of Pro‐Inflammatory Genes Induced in Bronchial Epithelial IB3‐1 Cells by Exposure to the SARS‐CoV‐2 Spike Protein and the BNT162b2 Vaccine. Preprints 2024, 2024110635. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202411.0635.v1
Gasparello, J.; Papi, C.; Marzaro, G.; Macone, A.; Zurlo, M.; Finotti, A.; Agostinelli, E.; Gambari, R. Aged Garlic Extract (AGE) and Its Constituents S‐allyl‐cysteine (SAC) Inhibit the Expression of Pro‐Inflammatory Genes Induced in Bronchial Epithelial IB3‐1 Cells by Exposure to the SARS‐CoV‐2 Spike Protein and the BNT162b2 Vaccine. Preprints2024, 2024110635. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202411.0635.v1
APA Style
Gasparello, J., Papi, C., Marzaro, G., Macone, A., Zurlo, M., Finotti, A., Agostinelli, E., & Gambari, R. (2024). Aged Garlic Extract (AGE) and Its Constituents S‐allyl‐cysteine (SAC) Inhibit the Expression of Pro‐Inflammatory Genes Induced in Bronchial Epithelial IB3‐1 Cells by Exposure to the SARS‐CoV‐2 Spike Protein and the BNT162b2 Vaccine. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202411.0635.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Gasparello, J., Enzo Agostinelli and Roberto Gambari. 2024 "Aged Garlic Extract (AGE) and Its Constituents S‐allyl‐cysteine (SAC) Inhibit the Expression of Pro‐Inflammatory Genes Induced in Bronchial Epithelial IB3‐1 Cells by Exposure to the SARS‐CoV‐2 Spike Protein and the BNT162b2 Vaccine" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202411.0635.v1
Abstract
Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is a species of the onion family, Alliaceae that has been widely used as a food and a folk medicine. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of AGE (Aged garlic extract) on proinflammatory genes relevant to COVID-19. To this aim, we treated bronchial epithelial IB3-1 cells with SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein (S-protein) or with the COVID-19 BNT162b2 vaccine in the absence or in the presence of AGE. The results obtained demonstrated that AGE is a potent inhibitor of the S-protein in-duced expression of the IL-1beta, IL-6 and IL-8 genes. Bio-plex analysis demonstrate that AGE reduced release of IL-6 and IL-8, that were highly induced by S-protein. No inhibition of cells growth, toxicity and proapoptotic effects were found in AGE-treated cells. The effects of one of the major AGE constituents (S-allyl cysteine, SAC) were studied on the same experimental model systems. SAC was able to inhibit the S-protein induced expression of IL-1beta, IL-6 and IL-8 genes and extracellular release of IL-6 and IL-8, con-firming that S-allyl cysteine is one of the constituents of AGE that are responsible for inhibiting S-protein induced pro-inflammatory genes. Docking experiments suggest that a possible mechanism of action of SAC is an interference with the activity of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), particularly TLR4, thereby inhibiting NF-B and NF-B regulated genes, such as IL-1beta, IL-6 and IL-8 genes. These results suggest that both AGE and SAC deserve further experimental efforts to verify their effects on pro-inflammatory genes in SARS-CoV-2 infected cells.
Medicine and Pharmacology, Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Copyright:
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