Garlic (
Allium sativum L.) is a species of the onion family (
Alliaceae) that has been not only used as a food, but also as a medicinal plant in folk medicine [
1,
2,
3,
4,
5]. A number of epidemiological studies have strongly suggested that garlic is effective in the prevention and treatment of several human diseases. In fact, this medicinal plant exhibited multiple pharmacological functions, such as anticarcinogenic, antithrombotic, hypolipidemic and hepatoprotective activity [
6,
7,
8,
9]. For instance, an interesting is that this herb exerts cytotoxic effects on multidrug-resistant human cancer cells by altering mitochondrial permeability [
10] and by inducing apoptosis [
11].
Among a large variety of commercial garlic supplements, AGE (Aged garlic extract) is well-known and has been studied in detail by different research groups [
10]. AGE is a commercially available odorless preparation obtained by immersing fresh garlic in 15% aqueous ethanol solution over a prolonged period of time (up to 20 months) at room temperature [
10,
12,
13,
14,
15]. This natural product has been shown to possess immunomodulatory and anticancer properties [
10]. Several of the beneficial effects of garlic have been attributed to several bioactive compounds isolated from garlic, including the lipid-soluble allyl sulfur compounds (e.g., diallyl sulfide, diallyl disulfide and diallyl trisulfide) and water-soluble compounds, such as S-allyl cysteine (SAC), S-allylmercaptocysteine (SAMC) and S-1-propenylcysteine (S1PC) [
16,
17,
18]. These bioactive compounds might be extracted from AGE by unique manufacturing process [
11]. Most of the available data support the concept that AGE and AGE-related compounds retain anti-inflammatory properties. This is highly relevant for a possible treatment of the pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), since inflammatory complications are a key factor, determining the severity of COVID-19 [
19,
20,
21,
22]. In fact, it is firmly established that COVID-19, caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is characterized by two major clinical phases: (a) a SARS-CoV-2 infection of target cells and tissues and (b) a deep inflammatory state, known as “cytokine storm” [
21,
22,
23,
24]. The interaction between the SARS-CoV-2 S-protein and ACE2 is a key step for inducing the “cytokine storm”. The interaction of SARS-CoV-2 S-protein with cellular receptors is followed by deep cellular changes including the hyperactivation of Nuclear Factor kappa-B (NF-κB) by IL-6/STATs axis [
25]. This induces ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome) in lungs, that has been frequently observed in severe COVID-19 patients [
26] and is clearly associated with the severity of the pathology [
27,
28], demonstrated by the fact that patients with COVID-19-related ARDS have high mortality rates compared to COVID-19 patients without any ARDS symptoms [
28]. The impact of anti-inflammatory protocols for anti-SARS-CoV-2 pharmacological strategies is clear, as recently demonstrated by the effective treatments targeting IL-6 [
29] and IL-8 [
30]. Notably, the pharmacological approach for treating ARDS steadily needs novel anti-inflammatory reagents as different COVID-19 patients might respond in a different way to these treatments [
31]. Several anti-inflammatory strategies to reduce COVID-19 “cytokine storm” and associated ARDS have been proposed using biomolecules derived from herbal medicinal extracts and reviewed by several authors [
32,
33]. This was judged to be a key strategy at the beginning of the pandemic, in consideration of the unknown nature of the disease and the lack of effective treatment protocols and approved vaccines [
34,
35]. Repurposing of known plant-derived reagents for anti-inflammatory activity against the COVID-19 “cytokine storm” might be of great interest [
36,
37]. The main objective of the present study was to verify whether AGE and SAC inhibit the expression of pro-inflammatory genes relevant in COVID-19. To this aim, human bronchial epithelial IB3-1 cells [
38] have been exposed to SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein [
38,
39] and then cultured for 72 hours in the presence of AGE and SAC. Cells were then harvested and RNA isolated for RT-qPCR analysis. Supernatants were taken for Bioplex analysis.