Background/Objectives: Little is known about anemia prevalence and iron reserve status among Chinese women within 2-year postpartum. This study aimed to assess the status of iron deficiency anemia and iron reserve in women within2-year postpartum, and to explore the influencing factors of anemia and the impact on the offspring. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 977 women within 2 years postpartum in 10 sites from 2016 to 2017 in Zhejiang Province, China. Information on demographics, nutrient supplementation and diet was collected. Whole blood hemoglobin, serum ferritin and transferrin receptor were assessed for all women and whole blood hemoglobin was assessed in offspring. The multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the determinants of anemia and the impact on the offspring. Results: Among 977 participants144, (14.74%) had anemia. The analysis of influence factors of anemia in women within two years postpartum showed that intaking iron supplements during pregnancy (OR（95%CI）:(0.549 (0.350~0.860)), and sufficient intake of red meat (OR（95%CI）:0.647 (0.437~0.958)), were protective factors for anemia in postpartum women. Anemia during pregnancy (OR（95%CI）:Mild anemia: 2.754 (1.844~4.113), Moderate or severe anemia: 3.815 (1.564~9.309)) postpartum age > 7 months (OR（95%CI）:1.717 (1.112~2.650)) and abnormal serum ferritin (OR（95%CI）: 11.931 (4.846~29.379)) and transferrin receptor levels (OR（95%CI）: 1.817 (1.050~3.145)) were risk factors for postpartum anemia. The analysis of influence on offsprings showed that mother intaking iron supplements during pregnancy (OR（95%CI）: 0.602(0.403~0.899))was protective factors for anemia in offsprings. Maternal anemia during pregnancy (OR（95%CI）: Mild anemia: 1.456(0.994~2.133), Moderate or severe anemia: 2.961(1.242~7.058)), age > 6 months (OR（95%CI）: 6~12 month: 7.671(4.291~13.713) , 12~24 month: 6.448(3.205~12.974)), and breastfeeding (OR（95%CI）: Breastfed and weaning: 0.455(0.281~0.736) , Never breastfeed: 0.365(0.135~0.986)) were risk factors for offsprings. Conclusions: The status of anemia in postpartum women was severe and worthy of attention. Meanwhile, its impact on the anemia of their offspring also cannot be ignored. Diagnosis of anemia or lack of iron supplementation in pregnancy might increase the risks of anemia in postpartum women and their offspring. The risk of anemia on t offsprings might increase if their mother suffering anemia or no iron supplementation during pregnancy. The postpartum women whose postpartum age > 9 months or had insufficient intake of red meat, abnormal serum ferritin and transferrin receptor levels were identified as high-risk groups for anemia. Breastfeeding and >6 months after birth were a risk factor for offspring anemia, therefore iron supplementation should be carried out in a timely manner.