Sheath blight (ShB) causes severe yield loss in rice. Previously, we demonstrated that the sugar will eventually be exported transporter 11 (SWEET11) mutation significantly improves rice resistance to ShB, but causes severe defect in the seed development. The present study found that WRKY36 and PIL15 directly activate SWEET11 to negatively regulate ShB. Interestingly, WRKY36 interacted with PIL15, WRKY36 and PIL15 directly activate miR530 to negatively regulate seed development. WRKY36 interacted with a key BR signaling transcription factor WRKY53. AOS2 is an effector protein from R. Solani that interacts with WRKY53. Interestingly, AOS2 also interacts with WRKY36 and PIL15 to activate SWEET11 for sugar nutrition for R. solani. These data collectively suggest that WRKY36–PIL15 negatively regulates ShB resistance and seed development via the activation of SWEET11 and miR530, respectively. In addition, WRKY36 and PIL15 are the partners of effector protein AOS2 by which R. solani hijacks sugar nutrition from rice.