This study investigates the prevalence, causes, and spatial distribution of Abandoned, Lost, or Discarded Fishing Gears (ALDFGs) in the Gulf of Gabès, a critical fishing area in Tunisia. Five main fishing gear types—benthic trawls, encircling nets, longlines, gillnets, and trammel nets were analyzed for their loss rates and contributing factors. The study involved extensive surveys among local fishermen using geographic information system (GIS) tools for spatial mapping. The findings reveal varying loss rates among different gear types, with longlines experiencing the highest losses (59%), followed by trammel nets (45%), gillnets (40%), trawls (38%), and encircling nets (36%). Causes of gear loss include entanglement on obstructions, conflicts with other fishing gears, entanglement with marine animals, adverse weather conditions, and intentional dumping at sea. The study highlights the challenges posed by the consistent increase in regional fishing efforts. Spatial distribution mapping indicates two significant concentrations of ALDFGs, correlating with specific fishing activities and depths. The study emphasizes the importance of addressing gear losses as a threat to marine biodiversity and ecosystem health. Recommendations for mitigation include improving boat equipment, raising awareness among fishermen, implementing effective waste management, and exploring economic incentives for ALDFG recovery. This research contributes essential insights for fisheries management, environmental conservation, and sustainable practices in the Gulf of Gabès. Collaborative efforts are crucial to developing and implementing strategies that minimize the impact of ALDFGs on the marine environment while supporting the socio-economic interests of fishermen.

The management of ghost gear - abandoned, lost, or discarded fishing gear- is a critical issue of marine conservation in Tunisia. This code of conduct proposed outlines a comprehensive framework aimed at mitigating the negative impacts of ghost gear on marine ecosystems and fisheries. The guiding principles of this code encompass sustainability, responsibility, collaboration, transparency, and innovation. Key guidelines outlined in the code include promoting responsible fishing practices, marking and tracking gear, incentivizing the retrieval and proper disposal of gear, and raising awareness through education. The code emphasizes regulatory compliance while encouraging active community involvement and cooperation among all stakeholders. The code supports the allocation of financial and technical resources to develop innovative solutions. Its implementation involves the involvement of stakeholders, execution of pilot projects, capacity building, and continuous monitoring and evaluation. The adoption of such code of conduct would contribute significantly to reduce the prevalence of ghost gear, protect marine life, and foster sustainable fishing practices. This collaborative and proactive approach is essential for the long-term health and sustainability of Tunisia’s marine environments.