This review aimed to identify the risks of cosmetics during the sensitive period of pregnancy. Pregnancy causes many hormonal changes and skin issues, such as red stretch marks, cellulite, and more. These aesthetic concerns can impact both the appearance and health of the pregnant woman. Cosmetics and aesthetic treatments can help improve these problems and positively affect the mental well-being of these women. However, the lack of clinical trials regarding the safety of such treatments during pregnancy has led to the recommendation of only the mildest aesthetic applications. Additionally, professional aestheticians and dermatologists who provide cosmetics and other aesthetic treatments (e.g., laser, ultrasound, radiofrequency) during pregnancy face challenging and sometimes adverse working conditions. They should be treated with respect for their situation, with careful consideration of all the peculiarities associated with pregnancy. Further research and additional recorded data are crucial for better understanding the use of cosmetics and aesthetic treatments during pregnancy.

A 64-year-old woman with primary Sjogren’s syndrome which was not treated, was admitted to our hospital for nasal bleeding, oral bleeding, and purpura on her entire body. On this admission, laboratory findings were as follows: WBC counts, 8,910 /μL; hemoglobin, 9.9 g/dL; and platelet counts, 0.1×10⁴/μL. Although the anti-PLT antibody was positive, other autoimmune antibodies such as anti-DNA were negative. Moreover, cytomegalovirus IgM, Parbovirus B19 IgM, and Helicobacter pyroli IgG antibodies were not detected. No abnormal findings suggestive of infection were identified in the systemic examination. A bone marrow aspiration smear revealed normal bone marrow. Based on these findings, the patient was diagnosed with primary Sjogren’s syndrome-related immune thrombocytopenia. The patient initially received intravenous immunoglobulin, methyl prednisolone pulse therapy, and subsequent high dose prednisolone without significant improvement. Therefore, eltrombopag, a thrombopoietin-receptor agonist, was added. Subsequently, erythromycin was also added, considering its immunomodulatory effects. After initiating the erythromycin treatment, the platelet counts increased. Therefore, add-on eltrombopag and erythromycin treatment was effective; however, the platelet counts gradually decreased with reducing the prednisolone dosage. Instead of increasing the prednisolone dosage again, tacrolimus, a calcineurin inhibitor, was successfully added. Consequently, the prednisolone dosage could be reduced. This case shows that treatment with erythromycin and tacrolimus may be efficacious when conventional immunosuppressants show limited effectiveness in primary Sjogren’s syndrome-related immune thrombocytopenia.

Crohn’s disease (CD) is a progressive, multifactorial, immune-mediated disease characterized by chronic inflammation of any part of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Pediatric patients present with a more extensive form of the disease, especially in the upper GI tract with various histopathological inflammatory patterns. Our study aims to analyze the endoscopic and histopathological findings in children with diagnosed CD and compare results on the initial and follow-up tests. Our study included 100 children and adolescents with CD, with performed endoscopic and histopathological (HP) procedures. The results of multiple biopsies performed in these 8 years were matched and compared. We found a statistically significant decrease in stool changes, weight loss, and abdominal pain as presenting symptoms, and in the fecal calprotectin levels. On esophagogastroduodenoscopy and ileo-colonoscopy 36.59% and 64.86% patients had specific findings, respectively. Non-caseating granulomas were found on 9% of oesophageal, 18% of gas-tric, and 12% of duodenal biopsies. In the lower GI tract, we have observed a disease progression in the rectum and descending colon between the first and second biopsies. Our study showed that more than a third of patients had specific endoscopic (36.59%) and histopathologic (32%) findings in the upper GI tract, and an additional 23% had HP findings highly suggestive of CD. We demonstrated the importance of regular endoscopic and histopathological assessments of pediatric CD patients.

Introduction and Purpose: Nurses are expected to be competent in practice based on the domain of standards and interpersonal soft skills (ISS). Nurses are faced with inadequate physical assessment 28%, formulating diagnoses 56%, plans 34%, implementation 31%, evaluation 37,5%, and communication skills 41%. Aims to develop an ISS learning model based on transformative learning theory and digitalization (TLTD) to improve nurses’ competencies. Method: Used Explanatory cross-sectional involved 190 practitioner nurses. Variables of individual characters (X1), facilities (X2), Social environment support/SES (X3), TLTD (X4), ISS (X5), and nursing competencies (Y) were measured. Data was collected using a checklist questionnaire, conducted on 6 June to 10 August 2022 at Dili, Baucau, and Maliana hospitals. Used descriptive and inferential analysis with SEM-PLS. Result: Five of the 11 hypotheses of statistical p-value < 0,05 and T-Test > 1,96, including X2>X4, X3>X5, X4>X5, and X5>y, to form ISS learning model. The characteristic of respondents were 81,8% young adults, 67,9% women, 57,8% undergraduates, judging the previous training 35% was unsuccessful, and 45,8% did not meet expectations. Learning facilities that are still lacking include policies 23,7%, curriculum 23,4%, guideline 22,7%, modules 27,9%, infrastructure 20,3%, social environment support 24,2% low, organizational support, 30,0% low peer support and 26,3% low family support. The average TLTD is 25,3% to 34,2%, ISS 22,1% to 30,5%, and nurse competence 25,3% to 30,5%.Suggestion: Result of the study become base to improve nurse’s competencies. Conclusion: Learning model was formed by facilities, SES, TLTD, ISS, and nurses’ competencies.

Background: Takayasu’s arteritis is a rare type of vasculitis, with severe complications like stroke, ischemic heart disease, pulmonary hypertension, secondary hypertension, aneurysms. Diagnosis is conducted by clinical and angiographic criteria. Treatment is medical and surgical, but unfortunately, the outcome is reserved. Case presentation: A 34- year- old Caucasian women had an ischemic stroke (2009). She was diagnosed with Takayasu’s arteritis and she received treatment with methotrexate, prednisolone, antiplatelet agents, with a mild improvement of clinical state. After 5 years (2014) she associated ascending aorta aneurysm, pulmonary hypertension, mild aortic regurgitation. The surgical treatment solved both ascending aorta aneurysm and left carotid artery stenosis (ultrasound in 2009 and computed tomography angiogram in 2014). Morphopathology revealed typical appearance for Takayasu’s arteritis. Tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNF-inhibitors) were associated to methotrexate. At 48 years (2023) she developed coronary heart disease (angina, electrocardiogram); echocardiography revealed severe pulmonary hypertension; angiography described normal coronary arteries, abdominal aorta pseudoaneurysm and arterial-venous fistula, with origin in right coronary artery and drainage on medium pulmonary artery. The patient refused surgical/ interventional treatment; she received again TNF- inhibitors, methotrexate, antiplatelet agents, statins. Conclusions: This case report presents us a severe form of Takayasu’s arteritis. We consider that morphopathology had a great importance in revealing to clinicians the typical appearance and the stadialization of inflammatory arterial process: acute or chronic. The verdict of morphopathologist was chronic phase, with acute relapses, so we decided that immunosuppressive treatment was still necessary.

his quantitative study investigates teachers' perceptions of self-efficacy during the COVID-19 pandemic and explores the correlation between these perceptions and the preservice training they received. The research addresses the cognitive connection between teachers' current self-efficacy, particularly their satisfaction with and appreciation of preservice lecturers. Utilizing a retrospective lens, the study reveals a significant correlation between teachers' evaluation of their preservice training, especially their appreciation of lecturers, and their present self-efficacy. The findings highlight that teachers, amidst the challenges of the pandemic, evaluated their self-efficacy at a remarkably high level. This underscores their resilience during a period of unprecedented uncertainty, demanding substantial personal and professional adaptability. The nuanced interplay observed suggests that teachers' sense of self-efficacy serves as a predictive variable of their mental and professional resilience when confronting uncertainty and navigating rapid and profound changes, as exemplified by the exigencies of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Keywords: Parkinson’s disease; sleep disorders; GBA; Parkin

Variable-Angle Tow (VAT) laminates can improve straight fiber composites mechanical properties thanks to the application of curvilinear fibers. This characteristic allows to achieve ambitious objectives for design and performance purposes. Nevertheless, the wider design space and the higher number of parameters result in a more complex structural problem. Among the various approaches that have been used for VATs study, Carrera’s Unified Formulation (CUF) allows to obtain multiple theories within the same framework, guaranteeing a good compromise between the results accuracy and the computational cost. In this article, the linear buckling behavior of VAT laminates is analyzed through the extension of CUF 2D plate models within the Reissner’s Mixed Variational Theorem (RMVT). Results show that RMVT can better approximate the prebuckling non-uniform stress field of the plate when compared to standard approaches, thus improving the prediction of the linear buckling loads of VAT composites.

This study examines HIV/AIDS-associated knowledge and attitudes towards treating disadvantaged communities among predoctoral dental students in U.S. dental schools who had not yet commenced their Community-Based Dental Education (CBDE) training. It also compares the difference in knowledge and attitudes between students with reported community engagement with PLWHA, and those without. Our study comprised 89 predoctoral dental students within their D1-D3 years of dental school who had not yet initiated their Community-Based Dental Education (referred to as pre-CBDE dental students). Responses were collected via an online survey. Participants were 68% females, 94% heterosexual, of mean age (years): 25.9 ± 3.5 SD. The majority (62%) were in their first (D1) and second (D2) years of dental education. Of the thirty knowledge questions, only five received a minimum of 90% correct responses. Similarly, we found no statistical differences in most of the knowledge/attitude sections, between those with and without prior PLWHA exposure. Encouragingly, 90% of our participants reported prior experience working with disadvantaged communities. Early community engagement fosters a sense of professional responsibility towards administering dental care to disadvantaged communities and we propose that it must be encouraged among aspiring dental school students.

(1) Background: This paper details the development process of two assistive technology products (ATs) implemented in the PAID project, aiming to promote the social, educational, and labor inclusion of people with disabilities across 10 municipalities of Antioquia, Colombia. (2) Methods: Applying Design Thinking (DT) methodology, including stages of empathizing, defining, ideating, prototyping, and testing, alongside a demographic study where specific needs of people with disabilities (PwDs) were identified. (3) Results: As a result, the construction process of two specific cases of assistive technology products (ATs) is detailed, including finite element simulation, mechanical testing, and delivery to end-users. Additionally, workshops for assistive product fabrication conducted in select municipalities of the project are highlighted. (4) Conclusions: the information gathered guided the development of the ATs, focusing on their features on accessibility and ease of replication. The primary objective is to facilitate the participation of PwDs in educational environments, thus promoting inclusion and accessibility. This article describes the results of two of these ATs; however, it is worth noting that this process was performed for 112 ATs delivered through the duration of the project.

This rapid review aims to present a comprehensive overview of barriers and facilitators or factors, and, effective interventions that promote immunisation uptake by older people in the Asia-Pacific region. Rapid review methodology was applied using two databases (PubMed, Embase). Articles were included if studies were conduced in Australia, Singapore, Indonesia and the Philippines, included human population ≥50 years old, used original data, adopted quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-method designs, and published from 2016 to August 2022. The study selection yielded 1424 articles. A total 23 papers met the inclusion criteria, of which 19 reported on barriers and facilitators, while, 4 articles reported on effective interventions to promote vaccination uptake. Among the 19 studies that identified barriers and facilitators to vaccination uptake, the more common factors were social influences (n=8/19), perceived benefits of vaccine (n=7/19), and perceived vaccine safety (n=6/19). Strategies that focussed on supporting clinicians were found to be effective in leading them to recommend vaccinations among older adults such as creating awareness on the low baseline vaccination rates among older adults, provision of structured health assessment, and nurse reminders. More studies are needed ascertain the factors, and effective interventions influencing vaccine uptake among older people in the Asia-Pacific region.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition, characterized by persistent deficits in communication/social interaction and restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior, interests or activities. It is usually identified in childhood, despite late diagnoses in cases of greater functionality. Havighurst proposes a set of fundamental tasks throughout the life cycle, whose achievement is probably compromised in the ASD, even though it lacks scientific evidence. This study innovates, as it is based on Havighurst's theoretical model for understanding the development process of three adults and one young person, diagnosed with ASD level I, at different life stages. Through the methodology of life histories, interviews were subject to content analysis. Results pointed out the early detection and interventions importance, minimizing adversities, above all by those who had late diagnoses. Self-perceived success, not expected, was found in some development tasks (e.g. conscience and morality development). Also were noticed expected limitations related to ASD (e.g. difficulties in relationships with peers and in the labor market inclusion). Probably, in cases of greater severity and less functionality/autonomy, there would be greater failure in development tasks. It is crucial to improve research on this developmental model and on the factors that delay the diagnosis, including cases of different levels of severity.

The United Nations Global Sustainability Agenda 2030 introduces a transformative framework through its Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which are designed to achieve equitable, prosperous, and sustainable development globally. Unlike the incremental Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), the SDGs aim for systemic changes across economic, social, and environmental dimensions, ensuring that no one is left behind. This research paper provides a comprehensive examination of Pakistan's progress towards achieving the SDGs under the UN Global Sustainability Agenda 2030. Specifically, it includes an analysis of the prioritization of SDGs in Pakistan, highlights federal and institutional initiatives aimed at promoting sustainable development, and explores the role of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) in advancing these goals. Additionally, the paper critically analyzes the SDGs in Pakistan’s annual status report, identifies the key challenges faced by the nation in implementing these goals, and offers recommendations for enhancing the effectiveness of SDG implementation. Overall, the focus is primarily on the detailed analysis of the annual status report, the challenges encountered, and strategic recommendations for achieving excellence in SDGs in Pakistan.

The editorial explores the realm of emerging translational research in neurology and psychiatry, providing insights into various subjects, including neurodegenerative disorders and innovative therapeutic methods. The main objective is to study neurological and psychiatric disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, with a particular emphasis on techniques for neural regeneration and repair. The editorial highlights the importance of taking a comprehensive approach to studying and treating complex neurological and psychiatric conditions. This involves thoroughly reviewing research papers on the causes, development, biomarkers, and treatment options for these conditions. The editorial emphasizes the necessity of using multidisciplinary and integrative methods to gain a deeper understanding and improve the treatment of these conditions. The development of an animal model for recurrent primary dysmenorrhea showcases the innovative techniques employed in the investigation of gynecological disorders, illustrating the capacity of translational research to connect fundamental scientific knowledge with practical medical applications. The cooperative endeavors of researchers and clinicians emphasized in this editorial lay the foundation for revolutionary advancements that hold the potential to enhance outcomes for individuals afflicted with neurological and psychiatric disorders globally.

Recent research has implicated the gut microbiota in the development of lymphoma. Dysbiosis of the gut microbial community can disrupt the production of gut microbial metabolites, thereby impacting host physiology and potentially contributing to lymphoma. Dysbiosis-driven release of gut microbial metabolites such as lipopolysaccharides can promote chronic inflammation, potentially elevating the risk of lymphoma. In contrast, gut microbial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, have shown promise in preclinical studies by promoting regulatory T-cell function, suppressing inflammation, and preventing lymphoma. Another metabolite, urolithin A, exhibited immunomodulatory and antiproliferative properties against lymphoma cell lines in vitro. While research on the role of gut microbial metabolites in lymphoma is limited, this article emphasizes the need to comprehend their significance, including therapeutic applications, molecular mechanisms of action, and interactions with standard chemotherapies. The article also suggests promising directions for future research in this emerging lymphoma and gut microbiome investigation field.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a prevalent autoimmune condition, yet its alignment with a specific host immunological pathway remains unclear. The THαβ host immunological pathway, recognized for its defense against viruses and prions, has recently emerged as a response to DNA, RNA, and protein pathogens. SLE patients often produce anti-double strand DNA antibodies and anti-nuclear antibodies, suggesting a potential association with the THαβ host immune reaction. Throughout the course of SLE, elevated levels of type 1 interferons, type 3 interferons, interleukin-10, IgG1, and IgA1 are commonly observed. These cytokines and antibody isotypes are indicative of the THαβ host immunological pathway. Similarly, Myasthenia gravis, Grave’s disease, Graft versus host disease, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, immune thrombocytopenia, dermatomyositis, and Sjogren’s syndrome are also linked to THαβ-related type 2 hypersensitivities. Considering the potential association of these diseases with dysregulated THαβ immune responses, therapeutic strategies such as anti-interleukin-10 or anti-interferons α/β could be explored to manage these disorders effectively.

In this paper, we consider the synchronization of chaotic oscillators interconnected via a second order dynamic coupling. The design of the proposed coupling is inspired in the ancient synchronization experiment of synchronized pendulum clocks, as described by the Dutch scientist Christiaan Huygens more than three centuries ago. It is demonstrated that the coupled chaotic systems may exhibit not only complete synchronization, but also mixed synchronization—some states synchronize in anti-phase whereas other states synchronize in-phase. In fact, a transition from complete synchronization to mixed synchronization or viceversa can be induced by just changing a single parameter in the coupling. Additionally, the stability of the synchronous solution is investigated by using the Master Stability Function approach and the largest transverse Lyapunov exponent. The Lorenz system is considered as particular application example. Finally, the performance of the proposed synchronization scheme is illustrated with computer simulations and validated by means of experiments using electronic circuits.

This paper presents a biologically inspired flocking-based aggregation behaviour of a swarm of mobile robots. Aggregation behaviour is essential to many swarm systems, such as swarm robotics systems, in order to accomplish complex tasks that are impossible for a single agent. We developed a robot controller using Reynolds’ flocking rules to coordinate the movements of multiple e-puck robots during the aggregation process. To improve aggregation behaviour among these robots and address the scalability issues in current flocking-based aggregation approaches, we used a K-means algorithm to identify clusters of agents. Using the developed controller, we simulated the aggregation behaviour among the swarm of robots. Five experiments were conducted using Webots simulation software. The performance of the developed system was evaluated under a variety of environments and conditions, such as various obstacles, agent failure, different numbers of robots and arena sizes. The results of the experiments demonstrated that the proposed algorithm is robust and scalable. Moreover, we compared our proposed algorithm with another implementation of the flocking-based self-organizing aggregation behaviour based on Reynolds’ rules in a swarm of e-puck robots. Our algorithms outperformed this method in terms of cohesion performance and aggregation completion time.

Background/Objectives: It is known that balance disorders involve occupational hazards. However, the inverse relationship (between certain occupations and an increased incidence of vertigo or dizziness) has been scarcely studied. The objective of this work was to analyze the occupation of a group of patients with vertigo, compared to economically active general population, and to evaluate the prevalence of occupational noise and/or vibration-exposure in both groups. Methods: A cross-sectional, observational, case-control study was carried out including 461 patients (220: Meniere’s disease; 73: vestibular migraine; 28: vestibular neuritis; 140: BPPV) (310 women and 151 men). These patients were compared to a control group from the general population, obtained from 6th EWCS-Spain (2015). Possible differences regarding sex, age, occupation, exposure to noise, and exposure to mechanical vibrations were analyzed. Results: Differences in distribution of occupations between patients with vertigo and general population were observed (Chi-square, p=6.142 e-30). Patients with vertigo were significantly more exposed to noise (p=8.19 e-12; OR=2,127, CI95% (1.720;2.630)) and vibrations (p=1.11 e-12; OR=2.288, CI95% (1.835;2.853)) than the control group. These differences were observed both between men and women. Conclusions: A relationship between occupational exposure to noise and/or vibrations and the presence of vertigo was observed. Protective and preventive measures could help prevent the occurrence of some diseases involving vertigo.

Neurosteroids are pleiotropic molecules involved in various neurodegenerative diseases with neuroinflammation. We assessed neurosteroids serum levels in a cohort of Parkinson’s Disease (PD) patients with heterozygous glucocerebrosidase (GBA) mutations (GBA-PD) compared with matched cohorts of consecutive non-mutated PD (NM-PD) patients, and healthy subjects with (GBA-C) and without (NM-HC) GBA mutations. A consecutive cohort of GBA-PD was paired for age, sex, disease duration, Hoehn &amp; Yahr stage, and comorbidities with a cohort of consecutive NM-PD. Two cohorts of GBA-C and HC were also considered. Clinical assessment included the MDS-UPDRS and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Serum samples were processed and analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Twenty-two GBA-PD (males: 11, age: 63.68), 22 NM-PD (males: 11, age: 63.05), 14 GBA-C (males: 8; age: 49.36), and 15 HC (males: 4; age: 60.60) were studied. Compared to NM-PD, GBA-PD showed more hallucinations and psychosis (p&lt;0.05, Fisher’s exact test) and higher MDS-UPDRS part-II (p&lt;0.05). Most of the serum neurosteroids were reduced in both GBA-PD and NM-PD compared to the respective control cohorts, except for 5α-DHP. Allopregnanolone was the only neurosteroid significantly lower (p&lt;0.01, Dunn’s test) in NM-PD compared to GBA-PD patients. Only in GBA-PD, allopregnanolone, and pregnanolone levels correlated (Spearman) with a more severe MDS-UPDRS part-III. Allopregnanolone levels also negatively correlated with MoCA scores, and pregnanolone levels correlated with more pronounced bradykinesia. This pilot study provides the first observation of changes in neurosteroid peripheral levels in GBA-PD. The involvement of the observed changes in the development of neuropsychological and motor symptoms of GBA-PD deserves further attention.

Falls are a frequent and serious problem for older adults and especially those living with Parkinson’s. The relationship between falls and physical activity is complex and people often restrict activity following a fall. Exercise is an important aspect of re-ducing further risk of a fall and a key component of the management of Parkinson’s. The aim of this study was to understand the types of activity that are engaged in, the environments in which they take place and the experience of people with and without Parkinson’s who have fallen. 17 people with Parkinson’s and 13 older adults, who had experienced at least one fall in the previous year, were recruited to this mixed methods study. Activity levels were captured over one week using accelerometers and body worn cameras, allowing the type and location of activity to be recorded and analysed. This information informed an interview. Findings showed that although both groups often achieved up to 10,000 steps per day, this was in very short bouts of activity. Sedentary activity such as watching television dominated the findings. Participants were aware of the benefits of being active but described many barriers to achieving the level of activity they would like to.

The field of epigenetics, which explores how heritable traits or stable alterations of cell functions occur without changes to the DNA sequence and how environmental factors affect gene expression, is rapidly advancing. Epigenetics plays a critical role in memory formation, learning, and cognitive functioning, effectively bridging genetics with environmental influence. Maternal behavior in rats, for instance, can modify the stress response of their offspring through epigenetic mechanisms such as histone acetylation and DNA methylation. Understanding neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's disease (PD) depends on comprehending the mechanisms of epigenetic regulation. Epigenetic modifications, which alter proteins and DNA structure without changing the DNA sequence, can activate or suppress gene expression, assisting organisms in adapting to environmental changes. These modifications may influence genes involved in inflammation, synaptic plasticity, and neuroprotection, potentially contributing to cognitive deficits in PD patients. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), histone modifications, and DNA methylation are the epigenetic mechanisms that significantly influence cell differentiation and maintain normal cellular activity. Understanding the intricate molecular processes of epigenetics could lead to more targeted and effective therapies. Despite numerous findings on how epigenetics affects cognitive alterations in PD patients, only some studies coordinate and integrate these results. Here, we summarize recent findings on how epigenetic changes impact gene expression linked to cognitive impairments in PD.

There has been significant increase of studies investigating plasma biomarkers of Alzheimer’s and their relationship to cognitive functioning. The impact of ethnicity on this relationship has not been extensively studied. The current research investigated the relationship between the plasma biomarkers of total tau, Aβ40, Aβ42 and NfL and neuropsychological test performance in a bi-ethnic sample of cognitively unimpaired, older community dwelling adults. The 1326 cognitively unimpaired participants drawn from The Health & Aging Brain Study – Health Disparities (HABS-HD) study included 765 Mexican American participants and 860 non-Hispanic White participants with complete plasma biomarkers and neuropsychological testing. Plasma samples were assayed using Simoa technology. Significant differences in concentrations were found for all of the plasma biomarkers. NHWs had significantly higher levels of each of the biomarkers with a lower Aβ42/ Aβ40. With none of the biomarkers related to performance on any of the neuropsychological tests. For MAs, Aβ40 was the only biomarker that was significantly related to neuropsychological test performance. Aβ40 levels were negatively related to performance on Trails A, Trails B and Digit Symbol Substitution. Results suggest that the relationship of these biomarkers to cognitive functioning is impacted by ethnicity and may be domain specific.

Introduction: While preparing for dive exams, divers are trained to perform rescue exercises. Currently, divers think they will manage and control their body at any time.Methods: At the bottom of the water, the student takes the instructor who simulates a sickness, up to the surface, by controlling the going up. Then, if the exercise is wrong, both divers go down and exercise again. If the exercise is successful, both divers go down to perform another exercise until they are tired or until they have no more air. Results: I discovered that there was a mistake in the preparation of divers for rescue training due to Descartes’ error, “I think, thus I am”, which is part of our collective memory. Going up and going down after a sickness simulation is a repetitive action of the body and going down is therefore part of the automatisms of rescue, which is very dangerous. Conclusions: The body is not necessarily controlled by the present thinking, and if divers forget sickness while going up in a real rescue situation, they will go down automatically because their bodies were trained like this. In addition, it is very easy to forget sickness. Divers should not go down after rescue, they should be on the dive boat or on the land. Descartes’ error has to be reversed: “I am, thus I think” is right. The divers’ rescue exercises must be simplified and divers should never go down after the simulation of a sickness.

Background: Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are well defined phenotypes of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). A mechanism of inflammation in these diseases is partially controlled by intestinal dendritic cell (DC). In this study we observed a mature CD83+DC in colonic bioptic samples, and its correlation with disease phenotype and activity. Methods: There were 219 subjects included in the study: 100 with UC, 44 with CD and 75 healthy subjects. Colonic biopsy specimens were incubated with primary antibody Anti-CD83. Intraepithelial CD83+DC were counted per 100 enterocytes. Presence of CD83+DC was analysed according type of IBD, histopathologic inflammation activity and treatment outcome. Results: The presence of mature CD83+DCs (0, ≥1) significantly differed among disease types of IBD (p=0.001), histologic inflammation activity (p=0.049) and applied therapy (p=0.001). The odds for CD83+DC presence was 5.2 times higher in CD group than in control/UC group. The odds for CD83+DC presence was 2.6 times higher in subjects without inflammation or chronic inflammation than in acute inflammation. It was also 3.7 times higher in subjects without therapy. The cut-off value 0.5 CD83+DC (Rock analysis area=0.699; SE 0,046;p<0.001;95%CI:0.609-0.788) had been assessed as a differentiation marker between UC and CD. Conclusion: Presence of CD83+DC could be used as a possible parameter in distinction between UC and CD, as well as predictor of inflammation activity and treatment outcome.

Cassava mosaic disease (CMD) and cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) are endemic threats to cassava production. To fill the existing gaps in the understanding of the epidemiology of these diseases in Côte d’Ivoire, nationwide field surveys were conducted in 2016, 2017 and 2020. The leaf samples collected were analysed by PCR. CBSD was not detected in all fields visited. However, an increase of CMD incidence was observed from 45.95% in 2016 to 51.37% in 2020 while CMD severity remained moderate over the years with a mean value of 2.29. Low whiteflies number was observed in field and decreasing over the years. Molecular analysis allowed detection of East African cassava mosaic Cameroon virus (EACMCMV) in single as well as in mixed infection with African cassava mosaic virus (ACMV). Single EACMCMV infection, which was detected only in three agroecological zones of the eastern Côte d’Ivoire in 2016, spread throughout the country in 2017 and became more widespread in 2020 with a preponderance in the central and southern zones, whereas the ACMV+EACMCMV coinfection has spread to the entire zones studied. Knowing the dynamics of the evolution of these viruses across the country, better disease management strategies could be adopted to control the disease.

Coupling the Maxwell tensor to the Riemann-Christoffel curvature tensor is shown to lead to a geometricized theory of electrodynamics. While this geometricized theory leads directly to the classical Maxwell equations, it also extends their physical interpretation by giving charge density, mass density and the four-velocity that describes their motions geometric definitions. Assuming the existence of a conserved energy-momentum tensor, all solutions to the geometricized theory of electrodynamics developed here are shown to be consistent with the emergence of gravity obeying the General Relativity field equation augmented by a term that mimics the properties of dark matter and/or dark energy. Finally, due to the symmetries of the theory, the properties and phenomenology of antimatter emerge in solutions.

This paper identifies preschool teachers' sources of stress, the times they experience high stress, and their ways of coping with stress levels. The study was conducted using a phenomenological design, one of the qualitative research models. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 36 preschool teachers working with children aged 0-6 in state and private schools. As a result of the content analysis, stressors were identified primarily at both interpersonal (positive, and effective interactions), and organizational levels (school management, and leadership style). It was also found that intense stress was experienced when children were difficult to control, such as during sleeping, eating, and cleaning. Finally, these results confirmed that the teachers used active/active behavioral, and passive/avoidant coping strategies. However, it was understood that preschool teachers perceived stress negatively, and did not see stress as a personal development situation. These results are discussed in terms of their ramifications for preschool education.

Background: The chin tuck maneuver has been suggested to increase suprahyoid muscle activation, but a method to measure the strength of the chin tuck maneuver has not been established. We developed a method to measure the strength of the chin tuck maneuver (chin tuck strength) and examined the reliability and validity of chin tuck strength measurement in community-dwelling older adults. Subjects and Methods: The participants were 233 older adults aged ≥65 years without dysphagia or physical disability. Chin tuck strength was measured twice consecutively using the developed device, and reproducibility was analyzed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). In addition, maximum tongue pressure, oral diadochokinesis, grip strength, knee extension strength, and the timed up and go test (TUGT) were measured as indices of swallowing-related muscle function and appendicular muscle function. The associations of chin tuck strength with swallowing-related muscle function and appendicular muscle function were analyzed statistically. Results: The ICCs for chin tuck strength were 0.82 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.73-0.88) in males and 0.87 (95%CI: 0.70-0.93) in females. Chin tuck strength was significantly associated with maximum tongue pressure, grip strength, knee extension strength, and TUGT. Conclusions: This study suggests that chin tuck strength is a reliable and valid assessment of swallowing-related muscle strength.

Frailty is a common condition in older adults that negatively impacts health and quality of life. This study evaluated a comprehensive, personalized, and coordinated intervention under the Value-Based Care approach to address frailty's multidimensional nature in older people. It em-ployed a pre-post randomized controlled design, involving frail individuals over 65 years in Valencia, Spain. Assessments were conducted at baseline, 12 months (immediately post-intervention), and 18 months. The intervention included a personalized care plan supported by technology, with monthly motivational follow-ups and plan updates by health professionals and participants. Outcomes were measured using an assessment questionnaire that included the International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement dataset for the older population: physical health, physical functioning, general mental health, satisfaction with social activities and relationships, ability to carry out usual social roles and activities, pain, general quality of life, loneliness, physical frailty, psychological frailty and social frailty. The study found signifi-cant improvements in physical frailty, quality of life, reduced health resource use and hospitali-zations, and lower levels of pain and depression/anxiety compared to baseline. The findings suggest further research into value-based care approaches, emphasizing the development and activation of personalized, comprehensive programs for older individuals with frailty.

Rural areas, as a system, face multiple challenges. Among these are population decline and attendant economic and social maladies namely demographic issues considering a scarce population. Pull factors for immigrants to go to other countries are known, nevertheless, to comprehend factors for remaining in rural areas after arriving could support a strategic local policy, and for an informed practice. The purpose of the study is to explore motivations shaping immigrants’ intentions to stay in the Alentejo, a depopulated region in Portugal, using a qualitative approach. Research questions are: What motivates immigrants to remain living in depopulated regions in Portugal? Furthermore, what contributions can practitioners and immigrants give for local policy and practice? Eight practitioners and fifteen non-European Union immigrants living in this region were interviewed between 2020 and 2021. Empirical data were analysed, supported by MaxQDA software. Results point out that the intention to remain in rural areas arise from a progressive construction, it is a process that immigrants experience to become motivated to stay long-term. Factors influencing the process include four components: 1. instrumental and material motivations; 2. emotional and social motivations; 3. motivations based on quality of life; and 4. motivations based on political dimensions. Components are conditioned by the availability of : stable and suitable jobs, access to decent and affordable housing, as well as quality of education and health services for their children; additionally to socio-emotional satisfaction, as family reunification, migrants network, integration and real intercultural living in the host community, close relationships to practitioners from social services; and quality of life, such as lower rents, peaceful and secure living conditions, granted a better future for their children as in any another place in Europe, associated finally to the simplified policy enabling one to become a legal citizen. Conclusions highlight implications for policy and practice, suggesting more investment for rural regions to reverse depopulation reality.

Most vulnerable individuals are particularly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study takes place in a large city in France. The aim of this study is to describe the mobility of the homeless population at the begin-ning of the health crisis and to analyze its impact in terms of COVID-19 prevalence. From June to August 2020 and September to December 2020, 1272 homeless people were invited to be tested for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and virus in and completed questionnaires. Our data show that homeless populations are sociologically dif-ferent depending on where they live. We show that people living on the street were most likely to be relocated to emergency shelters than other inhabitants. Some neighborhoods are points of attraction for homeless peo-ple in the city while others emptied during the health crisis, which had consequences for virus circulation. People with a greater number of different dwellings reported became more infected. This first study of the mo-bility and epidemiology of homeless people in time of pandemic provides unique information about mobility mapping, sociological factors of this mobility, mobility at different scales and epidemiological consequences. We suggest that homeless policies need to be radically transformed since actual model exposes people to infection in emergency.

The Himalayas are known for high floristic diversity and rich ethnobotanical practices. However, not all parts of the Himalayan regions are thoroughly studied. The present study aims to document the ethnoveterinary medicines used by migratory shepherds in Trans-Himalayan Rakchham-Chitkul Wildlife Sanctuary,Baspa (Sangla) valley of the Kinnaur district in Himachal Pradesh. The shepherds are very close to nature as they spend most of their time in forests with their livestock. Shepherding depends more on traditional healthcare practices based on local medicinal plants. In this study, we are reporting for the first time commonly used ethnoveterinary medicines in Rakchham and Chitkul Wildlife Sanctuary and their application, procedures of preparation, as well as listing 51 plant species. Such documentations are done first time in the Himachal Pradesh region of India as per our information. Our research emphasizes the urgent need to document traditional medicine preparation procedures from migratory shepherds. The required information on various ethnoveterinary medicines used by migratory shepherds was collected through personal field visits, participatory observations, interview and using a pretested questionnaire. It was observed that in all 51 species of ethnoveterinary were used by shepherds in Trans-Himalayan Rakchham-Chitkul Wildlife Sanctuary in Baspa (Sangla) valley of Kinnaur district. The results of this survey show that shepherds in tribal areas are highly dependent on ethnoveterinary remedies for their livestock which evolved over generations of practices for healthcare. There is an urgent need to document this vast knowledge of migratory shepherds concerning the use of ethnoveterinary remedies for animal health care in the regions of the Himalayas.

Aims and Background: People living with mental disorders experience a disproportionately higher burden of tobacco-related disease than the general population. Long-term substitution with less harmful nicotine products could reduce the tobacco-related harm among this population. This study investigated the views and preferences of people with mental health disorders about different nicotine products and their use as long-term substitutes for cigarettes. Methods: Semi-structured focus group discussion followed by a brief questionnaire. The discussion transcripts were analysed for content and themes and quantitative data summarised with descriptive statistics. Results: Twenty-nine participants took part in four focus groups. Vaping devices were the most acceptable nicotine products discussed, however preferences for nicotine products were idiosyncratic and varied along aesthetic, pragmatic, sensory and symbolic dimensions. The concept of tobacco harm reduction was unfamiliar to participants, however they generally agreed with the logic of replacing cigarettes with less harmful nicotine products. Barriers to activating tobacco harm reduction included the symbolism of smoking and quitting; the importance placed on health; the consumer appeal of alternatives; and cost implications. Discussion and Conclusion: Engaging this population in tobacco harm reduction options will require communication that challenges black and white thinking (a conceptual framework in which smoking cigarettes or quitting all nicotine are the only legitimate options) as in practice this serves to support the continuance of smoking. Consumers should be encouraged to trial a range of nicotine products to find the most acceptable alternative to smoking that reduces health harms. Providing incentives to switch to nicotine products could help overcome barriers to using less harmful nicotine products among mental health consumers.

This text deals with exploring random solutions for generalized nonlinear variational inequality problems. Using the Fan-KKM theorem and Aumann's measurable selection theorem, we are able to prove the existence and uniqueness of random solution sets under the conditions of monotonicity and convexity. Additionally, we use Minty's lemma to demonstrate the compactness and convexity of the random solution sets.

Seaports are critical hubs in global trade, facing increasing pressure to accelerate green transi-tions while navigating evolving economic and environmental landscapes. This research analyses the intricate relationship between port organizational ecosystem resilience and the successful implementation of green transitions, highlighting the challenges and opportunities in moving towards a more sustainable future. The research employed a combined focus group interview and participatory observation methodology to gather insights from experts. Analysis revealed that while technological advancements are a primary driver for greening port operations, a lack of managerial capacity is a significant impediment to the successful integration of these innova-tions. It was identified several challenges, including outdated infrastructure, cybersecurity threats, and the need for ongoing investments in new technologies, along with the need to foster a sustainable behaviour culture. Experts emphasized the importance of developing managerial competencies and continuous learning. The research also highlights the role of strong stake-holder partnerships, including collaboration with government agencies, industry associations, and environmental organizations. This research provides valuable insights for policymakers, port managers, and other stakeholders seeking to navigate the challenges for ensuring a sus-tainable future for the maritime sport organizational ecosystems and maritime industry.

Brewers’ spent grain (BSG) is the major by-product of beer production (70-80% moisture) and the feasibility of its application in foodstuffs depends primarily on its drying. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of physical separation with or without ultrasound application on color, total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activity, proximate composition, total dietary fibers, and particles size distribution of BSG powders. From wet BSG (W), two processes, without (A) or with (B) ultrasound, encompassing pressing, convective air-drying, sieving, fraction separation, and milling were evaluated. Powders A1, A2, B1 and B2 were generated. The total color difference compared with W increased throughout both processes, ranging from 1.1 (B1 x A1) to 5.7 (B1 x A2). No significant difference was observed for TPC, while lower antioxidant activity (ABTS+) was observed for process B powders, especially for B2, likely due to the release of antioxidant compounds to the liquid during pressing after ultrasound application. Nevertheless, process B powders showed higher content of total dietary fiber (p < 0.05). In conclusion, process B, with ultrasound application, may be interesting for further extraction of soluble fibers. However, the developed process A may be feasible for industrial and craft brewers, and further studies regarding the effect of their application in foods should be encouraged.

We prove that the probability of “A OR B”, where A and B are events or hypotheses that are recursively dependent (OR is the logico-probabilistic operator) is given by a "Hyperbolic Sum Rule” (HSR) relation isomorphic to the hyperbolic-tangent double-angle formula, and that this HSR is Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt). The possibility of recursive probabilities is excluded by the “Conventional Sum Rule” (CSR) which we also prove MaxEnt (within its narrower domain of applicability). The concatenation property of the HSR is exploited to enable analytical, consistent and scalable calculations for multiple recursive hypotheses: such calculations are not conveniently available for the CSR, and are also intrinsic to current artificial intelligence and machine learning architectures presently considered intractable to analytical study and methodological validation. We also show that it is as reasonable to state that “probability is physical” (it is not merely a mathematical construct) as it is to state that “information is physical” (now recognised as a truism of communications network engineering). We relate this treatment to the physics of Quantitative Geometrical Thermodynamics which is defined in complex hyperbolic (Minkowski) spacetime, and show how the HSR is isomorphic to other physical quantities including certain components important for digital signal processing.

Drawing from literature and Geert Hofstede’s cultural dimensions, this study delves into the impact of cultural factors on family structures, roles, and relationships. Ghana and Latvia have different cultural and social orientations that influence family dynamics. Through a comparative lens, this paper will contribute to understanding how a country’s culture influences family dynamics, highlighting the influence of Power Dynamics of parenting style and Individualism vs. Collectivism on interaction levels within the family.

The appropriate concentration of vitamin D in the athlete’s body is essential for its proper functioning, especially in terms of muscular health, by enhancing recovery and oxygen consumption. Soccer players are required to perform frequent sprints and change of directions during training and competition. The aim of the present study was to establish whether the level of vitamin D (measured by 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations- 25(OH)D) in blood serum has any influence on speed (s) and change of direction (COD, s) performance. Material and methods: Twenty male soccer players from the top league in Poland participated in the study. All subjects' were evaluated for the serum concentration of 25(OH)D at the beginning of the preseason. . The linear sprint test was performed at 5m and 30m and COD (time and deficit), was evaluated at 30m at the beginning and after 6 weeks of preparatory period. Results: The results revealed that 50% of soccer players had an insufficient level or a deficit of 25(OH)D (≤ 30 ng/ml), with 20% having a significant deficiency of 30 ng/ml).There were no statistically significant correlations between the training effect for the variables ∆5m (before - after) and ∆30m (before - after). Statistically significant positive correlations were found between the training effect for the variables ∆COD (before - after) (R=0.62/p=0.003) and ∆deficit (before-after) (R=0.47/p=0.039). With a higher concentration of vitamin D in the blood, the training effect for COD and the deficit increased, which was visible in the faster performance of the COD test. No statistically significant differences were found for the mean values of the variables ∆5m (before - after) and ∆30m (before - after) in the group of subjects whose 25(OH)D concentration was 30mg /ml. Significant differences were noticed for the variables ∆COD (m=0.60 [s]) and ∆deficit (m=0.56[s]) in the group of subjects whose 25(OH)D concentration was 30mg /ml. The training effect was significantly higher for the group of subjects whose 25(OH)D concentration was above 30 mg/ml, which was observed by the faster performance of the COD test in this group of subjects. Conclusions: The serum concentration of vitamin D affects training adaptations of muscles. A lower concentration of Vitamin D seems to have a detrimental effect on the change of direction performance. Soccer players whose blood serum 25(OH)D concentrations were >30mg/ml achieved better results in the applied fitness tests.

A relativistic positioning system is a set of four emitters broadcasting their proper times by means of light signals. The four emitter times received at an event constitute the emission coordinates of the event. Covariant quantities associated with relativistic positioning systems are analysed relatively to an observer in Minkowski space-time by splitting them in their relative space-like and time-like components. The location of a user in inertial coordinates from a standard set of emission data (emitted times and satellite trajectories) is solved in the underlying 3+1 formalism. The analytical location solution obtained by Kleusberg for the GPS system is recovered and interpreted in a Minkowskian context.

Recent studies have shown that the endogenous cannabinoid system (ECS) of the brain is essentially involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), influencing its symptoms by regulating the level of endogenous cannabinoids and altering the activation of cannabinoid receptors (CBR). Therefore, modulation of ECS with new drugs developed for this purpose may prove to be a promising strategy in the treatment of PD. However, fine regulation of ECS is quite a challenge due to the functional diversity of CBR in the basal ganglia. Our review analyses the effects of ECS modulators on experimental PD models and in patients with PD, as well as presents the outlooks for the development of new cannabinoid drugs for the treatment of motor and non-motor symptoms in PD.

Objective: To explore motivation to exercise, support, and self-management needs among people with Parkinson’s (PwP), family-members and physiotherapists. Methods: Purposeful and maximum difference sampling methods (age, sex, geographical setting, and disease severity) were employed. PwP and family-members were recruited through physiotherapy services and local support groups. Semi-structured interviews with 12 PwP, focus groups with four family-members, and five physiotherapists were conducted. Interview guides were informed by patient-public input, and a recent systematic review. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analysed using thematic analysis. Results: Four common themes emerged: 1) The value of an intrinsic connection with exercise: but there are challenges. A greater connection to exercise led to long-term compliance. 2) Tailoring exercise is essential. Preferred exercises and environments were mixed, with differences emerging between sexes. 3) Physiotherapists’ aim to only maintain physical function led to frustration. Limited self-management opportunities, stigma and dehumanisation were discussed. 4) Non-motor symptoms, stigma, fear, and determination. Apathy, pain, and low mood were discussed. Conclusion: Exercise provided physical, emotional, and social rewards. Supports are necessary; however, challenges arise when PwP’s motivation are mismatched to family-members’ and physiotherapists’ goals. Co-created goals, tailored to their preferences, and exercise plans with supported self-management are recommended.

Defining integrals over volume element in curved spacetime together with the mass and energy densities within that region of spacetime is apparently equivalent to the given energy and mass of that body or particle. With this in mind equations involving energies and mass can be rewritten in terms of their densities and the integral over the volume element. The idea find its place in the Hamiltonian formulations, and can be carried over into quantum mechanical frameworks systematically accounting for the effect of spacetime volume structures and gravity on dynamics of quantum systems. This article briefly explores this concept and runs through various frameworks and equations relevant to this idea, particularly the schrodinger-Newton equation and discusses the cosmological constant as a vacuum energy density.

This study examines the impact of executives implicated in fraud on firms' investment decisions using AAERs in the US, aiming to address the underexplored aspect of rationalization within the fraud triangle. Executives implicated in fraud often display abnormal attitudes to justify accounting irregularities, prompting an investigation into how abnormal investment decisions are used for rationalizing fraud, given their critical role in a firm's long-term sustainability. Analysis of AAERs spanning from 1981 to 2013 reveals that implicated executives, particularly CEOs and CFOs, tend to make abnormal investment decisions, and that collusive fraud exacerbates this behavior. Notably, such executives lean towards overinvestment, particularly in R&amp;D expenditures, to hide or justify fraud; the duration of fraud amplifies its impact on investment decisions. By shedding light on the rationalization aspect of the fraud triangle, this research contributes valuable insights for investors, regulators, and academia emphasizing the significance of public disclosure of fraud to enhance transparency in capital markets and the importance of ethics-focused education in accounting to prevent corporate fraud.

Ecuador is an important center of biodiversity of the plant family Amaryllidaceae, specially the subfamily Amaryllidoideae, known as a source of important bioactive molecules. The aim of this study was to assess the chemical and biological potential of four different species of Amaryllidoideae collected in Ecuador: Urceolina formosa, Urceolina ruthiana, Clinanthus incarnatus, and Stenomesson aurantiacum. Sixteen alkaloids were identified in the bulb extract of these species by GC-MS, which the extract of S. aurantiacum exhibiting the greatest structural diversity. The potential of these three genera against Alzheimer’s disease was evaluated by measuring their AChE and BuChE inhibitory activity, revealing that C. incarnatus and U. formosa (from Sucumbíos province) showed the best results with IC50 values of 1.73 ± 0.25 and 30.56 ± 1.56 g·ml-1, respectively. Molecular dynamic assays were conducted to elucidate the possible interactions that occurs among 2-hydroxyanhydrolycorine and AChE enzyme, suggesting some similarity with those observed for galanthamine. This study enhances our understanding of the biodiversity of Amaryllidoideae species from Ecuador, highlighting their potential as a source of chemical compounds with pharmaceutical potential.

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) presents a significant challenge in the wake of its multifaceted nature, characterized by cognitive decline, memory impairment, and neuroinflammation. Despite extensive research, effective pharmacological interventions remain elusive, prompting exploration into non-pharmacological approaches. Microcurrent therapy (MC), utilizing imperceptible currents, has emerged as a potent clinical protocol. While previous studies have focused on its therapeutic effects, this study investigates its impact on neuronal damage and neuroinflammation in an AD mouse model, specifically addressing potential side effects. Utilizing 5xFAD transgenic mice, we examined the effects of MC therapy on neuronal integrity and inflammation. Our findings suggest that MC therapy attenuates memory impairment and reduces neurodegeneration, as evidenced by improved performance in memory tests and preservation of neuronal structure. Additionally, MC therapy significantly decreases amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaque deposition and inhibits apoptosis, indicating its potential to mitigate AD pathology. Our study discovered that MC therapy effectively reduces glial activation by inhibiting the TLR4-MyD88-NFκB pathway, consequently leading to decreased levels of inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, thus implicating TLR4 in neurodegenerative disease-related neuroinflammation. Furthermore, while our study did not observe significant adverse effects, further clinical trial into potential side effects and neuroinflammatory responses associated with MC therapy is warranted.

Entropy as a mathematical concept is the first of its own kind, and second to none. Barely one or two papers in literature have investigated fractal dimensions of very basic entropies, such as Shannon, Tsallis, and Rényi entropic expressions. This was a thoughtful inspiration to delve into a step forward towards a unified information- theoretic fractal theory. The storytelling of this current paper starts by introducing my third entropy formula, namely Ismail’s entropy, , as a novel generalization to Shannonian entropy with a visionary link to both long- and short-range interactions, (LRIs), (SRIs) respectively. Clearly, this would generate a fourfold unification with statistical mechanics as well as contemporary physics. Hence, this adds more credibility and weight for this study. The fractal dimension of , is identified in this paper. As an essential part of this work, it was influential to spotlight the importance of fractal geometry to space industry as well as education, which is crucial to develop our societies. Thus, some potential fractal applications to CubeSat Technologies and Education are highlighted. So, will the deep search for more ground-breaking research has come to an end. Certainly, not. This was another inspiration to propose new open problems to widen research gates to the scientific community for more research pathways. Consequently, the paper ends with closing remarks combined with some challenging open problems and the next phase of research.

The Regulation (EU) 2016/429 establishes new extensive guidelines for managing transmissible animal diseases, including zoonoses. The Commission Implementing Regulation 2018/1882 classifies diseases into five categories based on their prevalence and the required response, ranging from eradication to surveillance. Key aspects of the regulations concern emphasis on animal traceability, biosecurity, wildlife pathogen control, sustainable farming, and the reduction of the impact of diseases on both public and animal health, as well as on the environment. These align with the European Green Deal, the Farm to Fork Strategy and the One Health approach. In Italian inland areas—similarly to other European regions that are fragile, remote from major service centers, and often neglected—agropastoral and agri-food activities are beneficial for tourism, commercialization of typical foods, and recreational activities. In these areas including the Molise Region, the activation of optional programmes within the framework of the aforementioned regulations could help control infectious animal diseases that are not subject to mandatory eradication but cause income loss and trade restrictions, such as infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and paratuberculosis, a suspected zoonosis potentially linked to Crohn's disease in humans. These programmes could boost the economic income of local extensive breeding, counteract depopulation, and protect human health and the environment.

Perimenopause, the transitional phase leading up to menopause, affects millions of women worldwide, yet remains poorly understood and under-addressed in healthcare. This report investigates the significant impact of perimenopause symptoms on women's lives, emphasizing the often debilitating effects such as anxiety, depression, weight gain, and hot flashes, which collectively cost an estimated $1.8 billion annually in lost work time. Despite the availability of treatment options like Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) and non-hormonal alternatives, awareness and utilization of these options vary significantly among women. The report highlights the historical neglect of women's health issues and the need for improved communication between patients and healthcare providers. A cross-sectional survey conducted with 1,000 adults from the United States and Canada reveals widespread dissatisfaction with the quality of healthcare communication, underscoring the importance of personalized and comprehensive insights for women's health. The findings advocate for more at-home solutions and resources to empower women in managing perimenopause and menopause, promoting informed decision-making and reducing stigma. This study aims to enhance awareness and support for women during this critical life stage.

Adhesive-invasive E. coli have been suggested to be associated with the development of Crohn's disease (CD). It is assumed that they can provoke the onset of the inflammatory process as a result of the invasion of intestinal epithelial cells, and then, due to survival inside macrophages, stimulate chronic inflammation and the development of granuloma. In previous reports, we have shown that passage of the СD isolate ZvL2 on minimal medium M9 supplemented with sodium propionate (PA) as a carbon source stimulates, and with glucose - inhibits the adherent-invasive properties and the ability to survive in macrophages. This effect was reversible and not observed for the laboratory strain K12 MG1655. We were able to compare the isogenic strain AIEС in two phenotypes - virulent (ZvL2-PA) and non-virulent (ZvL2-GLU). We showed that, unlike ZvL2-GLU, the ZvL2-PA activates the production of ROS and cytokines when interacting with neutrophils. The laboratory strain does not cause a similar effect. Differences in neutrophil NADH-oxidase activation and ζ potential for ZvL2-GLU and ZvL2-PA are associated with changes in the abundance of membrane proteins. Using differential 2D electrophoresis and LC-MS, we identified membrane proteins that may be associated with the activation of the virulence properties of the СD isolate ZvL2.

Gilbert's syndrome (GS) is a common hereditary condition characterized by mild increases in serum bilirubin levels due to inherited defects in bilirubin metabolism. This review, based on data from peer-reviewed articles and journals spanning from 1977 to January 2024, provides a comprehensive overview of over four decades of research on GS. Early studies primarily focused on defining the clinical and genetic characteristics of the syndrome, laying the foundation for subsequent investigations. More recent research has delved into the genetic mechanisms underlying the reduced expression of bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, which has significantly enhanced our understanding of the pathogenesis of GS. Furthermore, recent studies have shed light on the clinical implications of GS, including its association with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and mortality risk, highlighting the complex interplay between genetic factors, bilirubin metabolism, and clinical outcomes. Despite its generally benign nature, thorough research is essential to fully understand the impact of GS on patients' lives. This review emphasizes the importance of ongoing research to deepen our understanding of GS and its broader implications.

This paper explores the views of a group of young men aged 16–18, studying towards a Level 1 diploma in music in the North East area of England. It uses the conceptualization of “social haunting” to focus our discussions about how Level 1 learners articulated their experiences in the context of their learning journeys and perceived marginalization. The research took place at a large Further Education (FE) college and included a series of five “research encounters” with the group of Level 1 learners. These encounters included a range of activities, resulting in a variety of data being collected, including several activity worksheets, structured and unstructured focus group interviews, and questionnaires. This paper focusses on the outcomes of a single research activity that focused on exploring the topic of marginalization. We present a discussion on social haunting as one of the emerging findings from this research encounter, outlining how the reality of the social and cultural legacy of the UK’s industrial past can shape today’s youth and their futures. We will talk about the young men’s views of marginalization, their school-to-work transitions, the formation of masculinity in post-industrial communities and the role of Further Education in it. The paper concludes by discussing some insights for practice and future research.

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused detrimental impacts on different population groups throughout the world. This study aimed to explore the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic’s mandatory lockdown protocols on activities and mental health conditions of community-dwelling older people in Jakarta, Indonesia. A qualitative design using one-on-one in-depth interviews was employed to collect data from the participants (n=24) who were recruited using the snowball sampling technique. Data analysis was guided by a qualitative data analysis framework. The findings showed that before the COVID-19 outbreak participants engaged in different kinds of regular individual and social activities. However, the COVID-19 outbreak and its mandatory lockdown protocols significantly influenced both their activities and social life, which led to social disconnection and financial difficulties for them. COVID-19 outbreak, mandatory lockdown protocols, and disruption of individual and social activities of the participants also caused mental health challenges to them, including feelings of loneliness, loss, sadness, stress, and anger. The findings suggest that there is a need for intervention programs addressing the socio-economic and mental health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on older populations to help them cope with these challenges. Future studies involving large-scale older populations to comprehensively understand COVID-19 impacts on them are recommended.

In all forms of folk beliefs, ancestor worship is a universal traditional belief form of the Vietnamese people. As a Vietnamese people, “everyone worships their ancestors, everyone worships their parents and grandparent”. Ancestor worship is a common belief in the whole country. It is a belief that expresses the deeply humanistic spirit of the Vietnamese people and has great values in human life. So, what is the nature of ancestor worship? What is the values of ancestor worship in life? And in the context of globalization, how has this the belief changed? This study focuses on analyzing the above contents, thereby highlighting the value of this belief in the spiritual life of Vietnamese people; to point out the positive and negative changes of this belief in the current period; from that, take the right measures to bring into play the positive and limit the negative side of those changes in the spiritual life of Vietnamese people.

The agricultural sector, even though it has been greatly reduced and is in constant transformation, continues to be of strategic importance. Although it does not represent a quantitatively relevant employment sector, the dynamics are interesting because they reflect the structural, economic and social transformations that are affecting the sector in recent years; there is a growing need for external labour that corresponds to a massive recourse of foreigners to work. Innovative approaches are required to explore the capacity of social farming to create a sustainable and inclusive workplace for migrant. The overall methodological approach of the paper seeks to synthesize fieldwork research and qualitative interviewing to validate the Italian inclusive model. To do this, we have selected four experiences of Italian social agriculture in which migrants are included.

Canadians overwhelmingly do not want to live in long-term-care (LTC) facilities when they age; yet many end up there for lack of homecare, because family caregivers burn out, or because they and their professional advisors are unaware of alternatives to institutions. Not only is institutional dementia care problem-driven, it segregates disabled people, thereby abrogating human rights. Because systemic ageism and ableism cloud elder care, institutions remain the default option for Canadians with dementia. Yet, decades of deinstitutionalization enabled younger disabled Canadians to live in the community with supports. Why not elders? We describe a plethora of noninstitutional dementia-care alternatives. We then present a roadmap for considering all relevant care options in service plans, one that incorporates supported decision-making by people with dementia. We propose a paradigm shift in how Canada serves its elder citizens—not just the current generation, but those to come, including ourselves.

Older adults in low-and middle-income countries experience a disproportionate burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Unintentional injuries are among the major NCDs, and falls are the second leading cause of these injuries and deaths worldwide, including in Thailand. We aimed to culturally adapt the CDC’s Stopping Elderly Accidents, Deaths, and Injuries (STEADI) for Thai older adults and explore the feasibility, appropriateness, and acceptability of using STEADI in primary care via trained community health workers (CHWs) and care managers (CMs). STEADI takes a coordinated care approach that consists of three steps: screening, assessing, and intervening. In Step a, CHWs screened fall risk in 20 community-dwelling older adults using three key questions and found that all of them had fall risk, then CHWs screened with a Stay Independent questionnaire (range 0-14) and found that 100% have high fall risk (total scores 9.7± 2.4). In Step b, CMs assessed balance, vision, footwear, postural hypotension, medications, and CHWs assessed home hazards. They found that 50% had poor balance, 70% took 4+ medications,75% fell on the walkway, and 70% had no bathroom modifications. In Step c, individual participants received fall prevention interventions to mitigate their specific fall risk factors. CHWs and CMs indicated high acceptability (19.20±.1.31 of 20 total), appropriateness (18.80± 1.79 of 20 total), and feasibility (18.60±1.67 of 20 total) of the Thai-STEADI intervention. Our study showed that the community-based multifactorial Thai-STEADI delivered by CHWs and CMs is feasible and acceptable to prevent falls in older adults with limited access to health care.

Underpinned by the new world Kirkpatrick model and in the context of a community-based, sport psychology program (My Strengths Training for Life™) for young people experiencing homelessness, this process evaluation investigated: (1) young peoples’ reactions (program and facilitator evaluation, enjoyment, attendance, and engagement) to and learning (mental skills and transfer intention), (2) the relationship between reaction and learning variables, and (3) the mediators underpinning this relationship. 301 young people living in a West Midlands housing service completed questionnaires on demographics, reaction and learning variables. Higher levels of program engagement were positively associated with more favorable reactions to the program. Enjoyment positively predicted learning outcomes, which was mediated by transfer intention. Recommendations are made for: (1) a balance between rigor and flexibility for evaluation methods with disadvantaged youth, (2) including engagement as well as attendance for indicators of meaningful program participation, (3) measuring program experiences (e.g., enjoyment) to understand program effectiveness, and (4) providing opportunities for skill transfer during and after program participation. Findings have implications for researchers, program commissioners, and policy makers working designing and evaluating programs in community-based settings.

The dynamic response of structural elements subjected to blast loading is a problem of growing interest in the field of defense and security. In this work, a novel computational tool for the rapid evaluation of the effects of explosions, hereafter referred as SimEx, is presented and discussed. The classical correlations for the reference chemical (1 kg of TNT) and nuclear (106 kg of TNT) explosions, both spherical and hemispherical, are used together with the blast wave scaling laws and the International Standard Atmosphere (ISA) model to compute the dynamic response of Single-Degree-of-Freedom (SDOF) systems subject to blast loading. The underlying simplifications in the analysis of the structural response follow the directives established by UFC 3-340-02 and the Protective Design Center Technical Reports of the US Army Corps of Engineers, which offer useful estimates with a low computational cost, enabling in particular the computation of damage diagrams in the Charge Weight-Standoff distance (CW-S) space for the rapid screening of component (or building) damage levels. SimEx is a computer application based on Matlab and developed by the Fluid Mechanics Research Group at University Carlos III of Madrid (UC3M), which has been successfully used for both teaching and research purposes in the Degree in Security Engineering, taught to the future Guardia Civil officers at the Spanish University Center of the Civil Guard (CUGC). This dual use has allowed the development of the application well beyond its initially objective, testing on one hand the implemented capacities by undergraduate cadets with end-user profile, and implementing new functionalities and utilities by Masters and PhD students. With this experience, the application has been continuously growing since its initial inception in 2014 both at a visual and a functional level, including new effects in the propagation of the blast waves, such as clearing and confinement, and incorporating new calculation assistants, such as those for the thermochemical analysis of explosive mixtures; crater formation; fragment mass distributions, ejection speeds and ballistic trajectories; and the statistical evaluation of damage to people due to overpressure, body projection, and fragment injuries.

Young people living with perinatal infections of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (YLPHIV) face a chronic disease, with treatment including adherence to life-long antiretroviral treatment (ART). The aim of this QES was to explore adherence to ART for YLPHIV as an assemblage within the framework of the BPS model with a new materialist perspective. We searched up to November 2021 and followed the ENTREQ and Cochrane guidelines for QES. All screening, data extraction and critical appraisal was done in duplicate. We analysed and interpreted the findings innovatively, by creating images of meaning, a storyboard, and storylines. We then reported the findings in a narrative first person story. We included 47 studies and identified 9 storylines. We found that treatment adherence has less to do with humans’ preferences, motivations, needs and dispositions, and more to do with how bodies, viruses, things, ideas, institutions, environments, social processes, and social structures assemble. This QES highlights that adherence to ART for YLPHIV is a multisensorial experience in a multi agentic world. Future research into rethinking the linear and casual inferences we are accustomed too in evidence-based health care is needed if we are to adopt multidisciplinary approaches to address pressing issues such as adherence to ART.

Type two diabetes mellitus (T2DM) represents a chronic condition with increasing prevalence worldwide among the older population. T2DM condition increases the risk of micro and macro-vascular complications as well as the risk of geriatric syndromes as falls, fractures and cognitive impairment. The management of T2DM in the older population represents a challenge for the cli-nician, and a Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment should always be prioritized, in order to tailor the glycate haemoglobin target according to functional and cognitive status comorbidities, life ex-pectancy and type of therapy. According to the most recent guidelines, older adults with T2DM should be cathegorized in three groups: healthy patients with good functional status, patients with complications and reduced functionality and patients at the end of life; for each group the target for the glycemic control is different, also according to the type of treatment drug. The therapeutic ap-proach should always begin with lifestyle changes; after that, several lines of therapies are available, with different mechanism of action and potential effect other than glucose level reduction. Partic-ular interest is growing around sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, due to their effect on the cardiovascular system. In this review we evaluate the therapeutic options available for the treat-ment of older diabetic patients, to ensure a correct treatment approach

Late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD) is a dementia category disease that starts after the age of 65. Progressive problems in thinking, behaviour, learning etc. are its characteristics. Due to its progressive nature, early diagnosis is crucial. A complex pathway mechanism with different risk factors is involved in LOAD progression. A comprehensive study is done on factors causing LOAD, biomarkers used for diagnosis in clinical and preclinical stage of the disease, ML (Machine Learning) techniques to identify disease stage. We reviewed research papers on clinical and preclinical diagnosis of LOAD using ML techniques from biomarker data: MRI, PET image, MMSE, Genome / Gene expression, DNA / RNA binding sites with protein, Epigenetic expression /DNA, methylation, Speech and text. We have listed improvement scope after finding the gaps and scope of using Generative AI and SMOTE (Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique) for data augmentation. At the end, we have elaborated current use of DL (Deep Learning) and CNN (‘Convolution Neural Network’) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) diagnosis.

The samples from lunar farside have great significance for the study of the Moon, and even the solar system. Chang’e-6 landed successfully on the southern mare of the Apollo basin and returned ~2 kg samples from lunar farside. To provide a better understanding for the background of the returned samples, we conducted detailed crater size-frequency distribution (CSFD) measurements in the Chang’e-6 landing region, the southern mare of the Apollo basin. The southern mare is divided into western mare (W region) and eastern mare (E region), and then subdivided into five sub-units (W1, W2, W3, W4, W5) and three units (E1, E2, E3), respectively, according to the elevation, Ti and Fe abundances. Within the W2 and W5 region, more detailed sub-units were divided. The results show that the southern mare generally have two epochs, one of the Imbrian period and the other of the Eratothenian period. The basalt eruption lasted for ~1.7 Ga, from 3.28 Ga of the eastern mare to 1.54 Ga of the western mare. W region is younger than E region, while the three units of E region has an age of ~3.2 Ga. The ages of the western mare basalts range from 2.98 Ga to 1.54 Ga, lasting for 1.4 Ga. It’s worth noting that the age of the basalt at the Chang’e-6 sampling site is ~1.68 Ga, indicating the samples returned may include components with this very young age.

We report the case of a 45-year-old Caucasian man who was treated upfront with brentuximab vedotin (A) and doxorubicin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (AVD; A+AVD) for advanced-stage classical Hodgkin's lymphoma (cHL). Right after completing the 6th cycle of induction therapy, he developed serotine fever, progressive clinical deterioration, symptomatic splenomegaly and se-vere anemia. Extensive infectious disease evaluations and serial PET scans were conducted to rule out lymphoma progression. Finally, a diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) was performed. The patient was treated with parenteral amphotericin B, with rapid and complete resolution of clinical and laboratory abnormalities. We described this rare case of infectious complication after A+AVD delivered for cHL, and we performed a comprehensive review of the literature on the occurrence of VL in the context of non-HL and cHL, since this infection is becoming increasingly prevalent in non-tropical countries.

Aim: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) involves implanting electrodes in specific brain areas. High-frequency Stimulation (HFS) and low-frequency Stimulation (LFS) target motor and non-motor symptoms differently. DBS is crucial in Parkinson's disease treatment for managing medication-resistant symptoms and improving quality of life. This review aims to evaluate the differential impact of high-frequency and low-frequency deep brain stimulation (DBS) on motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. This systematic review adheres to PRISMA guidelines and focuses on clinical studies involving human subjects. Methods: Systematic search in electronic databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Cochrane Collaboration Database of Randomized Trials) was performed to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) up to 13th July 2024. Results: Among 126 pooled patients from 8 RCTs, it was found that LFS significantly improved gait stability, swallowing, and verbal fluency with minimal adverse effects. Conversely, HFS was effective in reducing rigidity and tremor but was associated with potential side effects such as gait and speech impairment. Conclusion: The review highlights the nuanced effects of STN-DBS frequencies in Parkinson's treatment, suggesting high-frequency improves rigidity and tremor but may cause side effects, while low-frequency enhances gait stability and speech, necessitating further research for optimized, patient-specific therapies.

We report positive correlations between letter frequency and symmetry (more symmetric symbols are more frequent) in English and Russian languages and in four types of numerals (Western, Roman, Arabic, and Chinese) with the coefficients of determination of R2=0.899 (English), R2=0.693 (Russian) and R2=0.740 (numerals). For comparison, we studied "symbol-like" 2D colloidal clusters and found negative correlations between frequency and symmetry (R2=0.814 and R2=0.994). While in human-made systems the frequency of using of a symbol is the driving force which leads to symbols simplification and symmetrizing, in natural system, symmetry leads to lower frequency of occurrence because there are fewer ways of building symmetric clusters than asymmetric ones. We interpret these results as a correlation between the symbol as a type and as a token and we attribute this correlation to the inherent iconicity of symbols

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common multisystem neurodegenerative disorder affecting 1% of the population above 60 years. The main neuropathological features of PD are the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and the presence of alpha synuclein (Syn)-rich Lewy bodies both manifesting with classical motor signs. Syn has emerged as a key protein in PD pathology as it can spread through synaptic networks to reach several anatomical regions of the body contributing to the appearance of non-motor symptoms (NMS) considerate prevalent among individuals before PD diagnosis and persisting throughout the patient’s life. NMS mainly include loss of taste and smell, constipation, psychiatric disorders, dementia, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior impairment, urogenital dysfunction, and cardiovascular impairment. This review summarizes the more recent findings showing the impact of Syn deposits on several prodromal NMS and emphasizes the importance of early detection of Syn toxic species in biofluids and peripheral biopsies as prospective biomarkers in PD.

The excessive and prolonged use of the electronic devices with digital screens may cause some serious health problems. The ocular surface problems particularly Dry Eye Syndrome may be the most common and preventable one of them. In this study, unfavourable and potentially harmful effects of digital screens on lacrimal system and tear functions were evaluated in 221 participants. Their ocular surface conditions were evaluated by Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) scores and their lacrimal functioning was measured by Schirmer’s test.. A reciprocal and statistically significant relationship was found between dry eye symptoms and OSDI scores. This relationship was more prominent especially in long duration use of smartphones with brighter background lights..

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common degenerative disease which may cause blood pressure abnormalities due to autonomic dysfunction. Early morning rise of blood pressure which is called morning surge is found to be related with some cardiovascular diseases when it is exaggerated. We wanted to search the relation of Morning blood pressure surge (MBPS) and inflammation in PD. Method: Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring for 24 hours, fibrinogen to albumin ratio, hs-CRP are used in this retrospective study. Fifty idiopathic PD patients and 50 age and sex matched control cases were included. MBPS, it has been defined as the difference between morning BP (measured 2 hours after awakening) and the lowest night-time BP. Body mass index (BMI) is used as an independent variable. Results: Median value of MBPS for PD group (21,63) was significantly different from the control group values (18,63) (p

With the increasing occurrence of rotator cuff injuries every year, there is a great need for a reliable treatment option. Wharton’s Jelly contains several components that can positively impact the replacement and repair of musculoskeletal defects. The overall objective of this study is to evaluate the improvement of patient-reported pain scales after applying Wharton’s Jelly (WJ) in rotator cuff defects. Eighty-seven patients with rotator cuff defects who failed at least eight weeks of conservative treatment were selected from the retrospective repository. 2cc of WJ flowable allograft was applied to the specific affected anatomy, the most common being supraspinatus tendon, biceps tendon insertion, labral tear, and subscapularis tear. No adverse reactions were reported. Statistically significant improvements were found from the initial to Day 90 in all scales. Patient satisfaction was calculated using minimal clinically important differences. No statistically significant differences were found in mean changes between gender, BMI, and age. Scanning Electron Microscopy images reveal the similarities between the collagen matrix in WJ and the rotator cuff. The significant improvement in patient outcomes coincides with current literature analyzing WJ applications with other structural defects around the body. WJ is a promising alternative for musculoskeletal defects when the standard of care fails.

Côte d’Ivoire has substantially neglected crop residues from farms in rural areas. This study aims to provide strategies for the sustainable conversion of crop residues to hydrogen. Using existing data and theoretical approaches, up to 16,801,306 tons of crop residues of 11 crop types were available in Côte d’Ivoire in 2019. A theoretical hydrogen potential of 1,296,424.84 tons was estimated from the crop residues. Technically, 907,497.39 tons of hydrogen is expected annually. Three scenarios of hydrogen project implementation developed indicated that the Ivorian industries can be supplied with 9,026,635 gigajoules of heat. Moreover, 17,910 cars and 4,732 buses can be supported in the transport sector. It is estimated that 817,293.95 tons of green ammonia for farmers can be supplied. Five million, seven hundred twenty-seven thousand, nine hundred ninety-two (5,727,992) households are expected to have access to 1,718.40 gigawatts of electricity. Due to these changes in transport, energy, industry, and agricultural sectors, a reduction of 1,644,722.08 tons of carbon dioxide per year can be achieved theoretically. With the scenarios, some 263,276.87 tons of hydrogen are exportable to other countries. Conversion of crop residues to hydrogen is a promising opportunity with environmental and socio-economic impact. Therefore, this study requires further extensive research.

Cow’s Milk (CM) is a healthy food consumed worldwide by individuals of all ages. Unfortunately, 'lactase deficient' individuals cannot digest milk's carbohydrate lactose depriving themselves of highly beneficial milk proteins like casein, lactoalbumin and lactoglobulin, due to lactose intolerance (LI), while other individuals develop cow milk allergy specifically against these proteins (CMPA). The management of these conditions is distinctly different and an inappropriate diagnosis or treatment may have significant implications for the patients, especially if they are infants or very young children, resulting in unnecessary dietary restriction or avoidable adverse reactions. Omics technologies play a pivotal role in elucidating the intricate interactions between nutrients and the human body, spanning from genetic factors to the microbiota profile and metabolites. This comprehensive approach enables the precise delineation and identification of distinct cohorts of individuals with specific dietary requirements, so that tailored nutrition strategies can be developed. This is what is called personalized nutrition or precision nutrition (PN), the area of nutrition that focuses on the effects of the nutrients over the genome, proteome and metabolome, promoting well-being and health, preventing diseases, reducing chronic disease incidence, and so increasing life expectancy. Here, we report the scientific community opinion proposing to replace the approach “one size fits all” with tailor-made nutrition programs, designed by integrating nutrigenomic data together with clinical parameters and microbiota profiles, taking into account the individual lactose tolerance threshold and needs in terms of specific nutrients intake. This customized approach could help LI patients to improve their quality of life, overcoming depression or anxiety, often resulting from the individual perception of this condition as different from a normal state.

Intrusion detection is generally carried out by matching network traffic patterns with known attack patterns or by identifying abnormal network traffic patterns. One statistical methodological approach used in intrusion detection is Statistical Process Control (SPC) by constructing a control chart. Hotelling’s T2 control chart is a multivariate control chart commonly used to monitor the mean process. The performance of the T2 chart in monitoring mean shifts can be increased if a robust estimator is utilized. Based on previous research, T2 based on the Fast-MCD estimator has good performance in monitoring low to medium outlier contaminated data. Therefore, the MRCD estimator can be used to detect intrusion. On the other hand, this research focuses on developing a bootstrap-based robust Hotelling’s T2 charts with Fast-MCD and MRCD estimators for evaluating performance in detecting intrusion on intrusion detection datasets. Based application of UNSW-NB15, the proposed chart has better performance than the conventional T2 and Fast-MCD-based T2 despite the longer execution time.

The work is devoted to the development of methods for constructing asymptotic formulas as x→∞ of a fundamental system of solutions of linear differential equations generated by a symmetric two-term differential expression of odd order. The coefficients of the differential expression belong to classes of functions that allow oscillation (for example, those that do not satisfy the classical Titchmarsh-Levitan regularity conditions). As a model equation, the 5th order equation i2p(x)y′′′′′+p(x)y′′′′′+q(x)y=λy, for which various cases of behavior of the coefficients p(x),q(x), is investigated. New asymptotic formulas are obtained for the case when the function h(x)=−1+p−1/2(x)∉L1[1,∞) significantly influences the asymptotics of solutions to the equation. The case when the equation contains a nontrivial bifurcation parameter is studied.

Culture signifies the customs, language, ceremonies, Indigenous Medical Knowledge (IMK) and other material objects of a tribe. These and many other features are a representation of identity for many Zambian communities. IMK practices are skills inherent by certain individuals in a tribal grouping who are chosen by the spirits (gods) or trained by those who practice. This intrinsic skill is in danger of diminishing as a result of modern medication. This article attempts to understand the role of traditional healers (also known as asing’anga in local language) in preservation of IMK in Chibombo District of Zambia. In so doing, the paper examined methods of preservation used by asing’anga and the challenges faced. Using hermeneutic phenomenology and linear snowball sampling, findings revealed that preservation was done through training. The study found unwillingness, expiration, and spirituality as challenges in the process of preserving IMK. The study recommended that the Lenje Cultural Association consider documenting and disseminating information to the local people by showcasing what is available in the Mukuni Culture Village Museum and Library. This was seen as a way through which many youths would be encouraged to appreciate the indigenous values in their culture.

Physical activity is especially important of children's everyday life with chronic disease. The aim of the study was to show whether asthma is a barrier to physical activity in our society. The correlation between the severity of the disease, body mass index, and physical activity were analyzed, and, parents' opinion whether children should participate in active sports was assessed. Physical activity of children with asthma was analyzed by questionnaires and activity-measuring armbands. 93 parents and their children were involved in the survey, while 20 children were wearing the armband. The age of children was 12.6±3.5 years (mean±SD), 69.9% were boys, 30.1% were girls. 93.4% of the respondents participated in physical education program and 56.5% also attended sporting activities on a regular basis. 61.2% of the children had mild, 37.6% moderate, and 1.2% severe asthma. 6.5% of the respondents stated that their illness had been consistently or frequently limiting the performance concerning their school or home duties over the past 4 weeks. Twelve percent of parents felt that physical activity was not appropriate in the context of this disease. We conclude, that fear of the consequences of physical activity depends largely on education which should involve their parents, teachers and coaches.

Blood biomarkers represent a promising future for studying cognitive impairment, particularly in Alzheimer's Disease (AD), as they offer a non-invasive alternative to cerebrospinal fluid tests and have potential as population screening tools. However, the relationships between these biomarkers and specific cognitive functions, as well as their utility in predicting longitudinal cognitive decline, are not yet fully understood. This descriptive review surveys the literature from 2018 to 2023, focusing on the associations between Amyloid-β, Total Tau, Phosphorylated Tau (p-tau), Neurofilament Light (Nfl), and Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) with cognition. The reviewed studies are heterogeneous, varying in design and population (mixed, cognitively impaired, or unimpaired), and show results that are sometimes conflicting. Generally, cognition positively correlates with Aβ levels, especially when evaluated through the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio. In contrast, Tau, Nfl, and GFAP levels typically show a negative correlation with cognitive performance. While p-tau measures tend to show stronger associations with cognitive functions than other biomarkers, no single blood marker has emerged as predominantly associated with a specific cognitive domain. These findings add to our understanding of the complex relationship between blood biomarkers and cognitive performance and underscore their potential utility in clinical evaluations of cognition.

The attempt of this study made us to Study the Competency Mapping (CM) in Software Companies”. CM is a process of categorizing the gap of a person or an employee’s performance routine or professional related skills to fill the gaps through effective programs. (1) Background: Integrating competencies such as “Developing people through Empowering and Training Programs, Providing Feedback, and Rewards, Recognizing the Employee for their work, Effective Communication, Aligning right values ensuring standards, etc. to evaluate and improve the performance an employee to get desired results; (2) Methods: This study involved 100 software employees (n = 100) to state that the competencies that are mapped have a significant impact on performance.. Chi- square and one – way ANOVA tests we used to identify the relationship between two variables; (3) Results: Goal oriented people can adopt the changes and work in any kind of circumstance for better outcomes; (4) Conclusions: competencies that are mapped have a significant impact on performance. And the person who is goal oriented will try to achieve his/her goals in any type of circumstances.

The access to cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is contingent upon physician referrals, yet these are often inadequate, particularly in low-resource settings. This multi-method study aimed to translate, culturally adapt, and validate the Portuguese version of the Provider Attitudes toward CR and Referral (PACRR-P) scale, as well as to identify key factors influencing CR referral in a Latin American context for the first time. The PACRR was translated into Brazilian-Portuguese through a rigorous process involving independent translation, back-translation, and expert panel review to ensure face, content, and cross-cultural validity. A total of 44 Brazilian physicians completed the questionnaire, allowing for an assessment of internal consistency, criterion validity, and convergent validity. The findings confirmed the face, content, and cultural validity of the 20 translated items, with a mean item clarity rating of 4.8/5. The final version included 17 of the original 19 PACRR-P items, with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.73. Referral rates were significantly associated with specific PACRR-P items, supporting the scale's criterion validity, while correlations with ReCaRe scores further supported convergent validity. The most prominent barriers to referral were a lack of familiarity with CR site locations, absence of a standard referral form, and lack of automatic referral processes. The PACRR's validity and reliability among Portuguese-speaking providers are preliminarily supported.

The aim of this study is to characterize the compound extremes of rainfall and temperature in Côte d’Ivoire. For this purpose, we analyzed the outputs of fourteen (14) climate models from the CORDEX-Africa project. Results show an increase (approximately 4.3°C) of the surface temperature and a decrease (5,90 %) of the mean rainfall in the near (2036-2065) and far futures (2071-2100) over Côte d’Ivoire during January-February-March (JFM) period. The analysis of the compound extremes of wet/warm type highlights an increase in the frequency of this climatic hazard in the northern and central parts of the country during January-March (JFM) season in the near and far futures. The dry/warm mode will increase in the central and southern parts of the country during the near future and in the whole country during the far future. These increase in compound extremes could lead to an increase in droughts and natural disasters over the country and could have a negative impact on socio-economic activities, such as transportation and agricultural production. This work could provide decision support for political decision-makers in formulating future public policies for managing agricultural production, food security, and natural disasters.

Patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including both ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), are at a higher risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC). However, advancements in endoscopic imaging techniques, integrated surveillance programs, and improved medical therapies have led to a decrease in the incidence of CRC among IBD patients. Currently, the management of patients with IBD who have a history of or ongoing active malignancy is an unmet need. This involves balancing the risk of cancer recurrence/progression with the potential exacerbation of IBD if the medications are discontinued. The objective of this review is to provide an updated summary of the epidemiology, causes, risk factors, and surveillance approaches for CRC in individuals with IBD, and to offer practical guidance on managing IBD patients with history of previous or active cancer.

Background: Monogenic Alzheimer's disease (AD) has severe health and socioeconomic repercussions. Its rarest cause are presenilin 2 (PSEN2) gene mutations. We present two new cases with presumed PSEN2-AD, with unusual clinical and neuroimaging findings in order to provide more information on the pathophysiology and semiology of these patients. Methods: Women aged 69 and 62 years at clinical onset, marked by prominent behavioral and language dysfunction, progressing to severe dementia within three years. Neuroimaging, laboratory study, genetic testing. In addition, a systematic review of the PSEN2-AD were performed. Results: Neuroimaging revealed pronounced frontal white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and frontotemporal atrophy/hypometabolism. The genetic study unveiled PSEN2 variants: c.772G>A (p.Ala258Thr) and c.1073-2_1073-1del. Both cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and experimental blood biomarkers shouldered AD etiology. Conclusions: Prominent behavioral and language dysfunction suggesting frontotemporal dementia (FTD) may be underestimated in the literature as a clinical picture in PSEN2 mutations. Thus, it may be reasonable to include PSEN2 in genetic panels when suspecting FTDL. PSEN2 mutations may cause striking WMH, arguably related with myelin disruption induced by amyloid accumulation.

(1) Background: Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) accounts for 70% of dementia cases and with no effective pharmacological treatments, new rehabilitation methods are needed. Motor activities and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) have shown promise in stabilizing and enhancing cognitive functions. Objective: We want to investigate the effects of combined motor or cognitive activity with tDCS on cognitive functions in AD patients. (2) Methods: Patients with mild or moderate AD were randomized into four groups: motor activity or cognitive activity associated with anodic or sham tDCS (MotA, MotS, CogA, CogS). They received two weeks of treatment (45 minutes, 5 days/week), with the first 15 minutes using 2mA tDCS on the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Cognitive assessments were conducted pre-treatment (T0), post-treatment (T1), and one week after (T2). (3) Results: Twenty patients were included. Mann-Whitney test showed significant improvements in anodic groups (MotA+CogA) in the global cognitive status (p=.042), in selective attention (p=.012), and sustained attention (p=.012) at T1, but not at T2. In addition, MotA improved in the Picture Recognition Test (p=.027) and in sustained attention (p=.047) at T2. (4) Conclusion: Combined motor or cognitive activity with anodic tDCS could slow cognitive decline in AD patients, with notable improvements in global cognitive state and attention at T1.

The study aims at evaluating the demand of forest bathing in the Northern Italy’s regions underlining the willingness to pay and the potential tourists’ habits and flows on attending alpine contexts. Through the submission of a questionnaire, the sample’s answers have been analyzed employing a stratified sampling methodology considering three different macro areas (Northwest regions, Northeast regions, and Friuli Venezia Giulia region). After analyzing the sample attitudes, the research approached the estimation section by calculating the flow as the number of potential forest bathing hikes per year and the willingness to pay trough the Contingent Valuation Method. The main results indicate that Forest Bathing activity in Northern Italy have a considerable monetary value and it is generally compared with positive feelings, particularly concerning well-being, and fascination factors.

The once near-extinct Russell’s viper has recently come back to the area beyond its historical range. A couple of decades ago, its distribution was confined to 11 districts of Bangladesh. Hence, the study aims to update the distributional map of Russell’s Viper (Daboia russelii) across the country and find out the surges' causal factors. Both primary and secondary data were utilized in this study. It revealed that the distributional range of this snake was expanded from 22 to 33 districts in 2024. The respondents noted that climatic stressors like high humidity accompanied by hot weather, increased salinity, and increased frequency of flooding facilitated the spreading of the viper across the country. The cropping pattern and crop diversification were another major contributing factor. The shifting of the single-cropped area to a multi-cropped area in the Barind tract increased its main prey rats. Contrarily, the killing of natural predators such as foxes, monitor lizards and mongoose led to the rise in the snake population. The destruction of vegetation coverage in the upper part of the Padma Basin facilitated the movement of Russell's vipers downstream.

The Ro60 autoantigen is an RNA-binding protein, and a core component of nucleocytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes. Ro60 is essential in RNA metabolism, cell stress response pathways, and cellular homeostasis. It stabilises and mediates quality control and cellular dis-tribution of YRNAs, retroelement transcripts, and misfolded RNAs. Ro60 transcriptional dysregulation or loss of function can result in the generation and release of RNA fragments from YRNAs and other small RNAs. Small RNA fragments can instigate an inflammatory cascade through endosomal TLRs and cytoplasmic RNA sensors, which typically sense patho-gen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and mount the first line of defence against invading pathogens. However, recognition of host-originating RNA moieties from Ro60 RNP complexes can activate inflammatory response pathways and compromise self-tolerance. Autoreactive B cells may produce antibodies targeting extracellular Ro60 RNP complexes. Ro60 autoantibodies serve as diagnostic markers for various autoimmune diseases including Sjögren's disease (SjD) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and they may also act as predictive markers for an-ti-drug antibody response among rheumatic patients. Understanding Ro60’s structure, function, and role in self-tolerance can enhance our understanding of the underlying molecular mecha-nisms of autoimmune conditions.

A difficult open problem that has never been fully resolved in the literature to date is the behaviour of the (TDCDP) third approximation. As a giant step towards modern control theory, this cutting-edge paper will advance control theory and other relevant inter-disciplinary subjects. Because control theory is important in industry and engineering, this study will be especially beneficial to anyone working in these disciplines who wish to understand more about recent advances in control theory settings. In contrast, the wealth of applications of Fokker Planck Kolmogorov (FPK) equations numerous disciplines As a result, the study instantly gains more taste and credibility. At the end of the paper, there are several challenging open problems, some concluding remarks, and recommendations for further investigation.

Our starting point is the covariant coordinate transformation equation of a relativistic positioning system in Minkowski space-time, which maps the receiver’s emission coordinates (proper times broadcast by the emitters) to its coordinates in some inertial reference frame. Bancroft’s analytical (closed-form) solution to the basic pseudorange navigation equations with four emitters is recovered and the subjacent elements are geometrically interpreted. The case of four static beacons is analized as a clarifying situation.

Educational institutions must identify students who are academically struggling to provide them with necessary support to improve their performance. In this context, recommendation systems powered by deep learning techniques are vital for detecting and categorizing such students. These systems help students plan their future by uncovering patterns in their historical academic data. This study introduces a new deep learning model designed to classify academically underperforming students in educational settings. The model incorporates a Gated Recurrent Neural Network (GRU) and includes specific neural network features like a dense layer, max-pooling layer, and the ADAM optimization algorithm. The model's training and evaluation were conducted using a dataset comprising 15,165 student assessment records from various academic institutions. The performance of the developed GRU model was benchmarked against other educational recommendation systems, including Recurrent Neural Network models, AdaBoost, and the Artificial Immune Recognition System v2. The proposed GRU model demonstrated remarkable accuracy, achieving an overall rate of 99.70%.

Since late December 2021, the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai underwater volcano has been erupting in a series of large explosions. On Friday, January 15th, 2022, a particularly significant explosion sent a massive ash cloud high into the atmosphere. This study depicts the modeling of the volcanic ash dispersion from the event while incorporating meteorological data assimilation within the inline Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with chemistry (WRF-Chem). Two forecast scenarios: one with only meteorology and no chemistry (OMET) and one with gas, aerosol chemistry, and no assimilation (NODA) were undertaken and compared to the third forecast impacting data assimilation to distinguish the Flux Adjusting Surface Data Assimilation System (FASDAS)'s effects. Data assimilation, a process that combines real-time observations with numerical models, plays a pivotal role in enhancing the accuracy of various scientific simulations and predictions.Analysis of different scenarios reveals that the FASDAS result in lessening of planetary boundary layer height (PBLH), downward surface shortwave flux, and 2m temperature by up to 800m, 250 W.m-2 and 6°C on the land portion, respectively, while the opposite is observed nearby the eruption site. Model validation against the observations shows that the inclusion of FASDAS nudging in WRF-Chem significantly enhances the model performance in retrieving meteorological variables. The simulations also revealed significant biases in the concentration of volcanic ash around the ash cloud. Additionally, data analysis from the Copernicus TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument Sentinel-5 Precursor (TROPOMI-S5P) indicates that total SO2 emissions traveled west. This work demonstrates the significant contribution of data assimilation on the results of operational air quality predictions during violent volcanic eruption events.

Smoker’s paradox usually refers to the common observation of a favourable outcome of smoker patients in acute myocardial infarction. The interpretation of this phenomenon is still controversial and not fully explained. We aimed at assessing whether smoking could be associated with mortality in a large cohort of prospectively enrolled patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) referred to primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI). From April 2006 to December 2018 a population of 2456 STEMI patients treated with primary PCI were prospectively enrolled in the MATRIX registry. Ischemic time, clinical, demographics, angiographic data and 1-year follow-up were collected. Among 2546 patients admitted with STEMI 1007 (41%) were current smokers. Smokers were 10 years younger and had lower crude in-hospital and 1-year mortality (1.5% vs 6%, p&lt;0.0001 and 5% vs 11%, p&lt;0.0001), shorter ischemic time (203 [147-299] vs 220 [154-334] minutes, p=0.002) and shorter decision time (60 [30-135] vs 70 [36-170] minutes, p=0.0063). After propensity-matching, age, cardiogenic shock and low TIMI score were associated with in-hospital mortality, while smoking habit was still associated with reduced mortality. Smoking was also associated with reduced death rate at 1-year follow-up (HR 0.54, 95% CI [0.37 - 0.78]; p&lt;0.001). Our data show a protective link between smoking status and mortality in patients with STEMI, the so called “smoker’s paradox”. This could be explained not only by the shorter ischemic time and younger age of the smoking population but also by a specific pathogenetic effect of smoking underlying the onset of STEMI and response to therapies.

Any malocclusion can be associated with various face development patterns, including hyper, neutral and hypodivergent growth patterns. We measured face height ratios, angle formed by Y axis to SN and growth patterns in various malocclusions in a group of patients from Timis county. The pretreatment digital cephalograms of 350 participants were split into three groups based on Angle's classification of dentoalveolar malocclusion. Every cephalogram was digitally traced and analyzed using a composite cephalometric method analysis utilizing the WebCeph imaging cephalometric program, which included two linear and one angular. In general, patients from Timis county have a hypodivergent development pattern. Hypodivergent development pattern predominated in group I, II, and III. Group I hyperdivergent 5.14%, normodivergent 16.01%, hypodivergent 78.85%. Group II hyperdivergent 2.78%, normodivergent 14.44%, hypodivergent 82.78%. Group III hyperdivergent 10.53%, normodivergent 10.53%, hypodivergent 78.94%. In all three groups, the value of the angle formed by Y axis to SN is within normal limits group I 65.4 ±4.34°, group II 63.87± 3.86° and group III 64.66 ±5.28°. A strong negative correlation was found between angle: Y axis to SN and facial height ratio (r= -0,766; p &lt;0.001). In all kinds of malocclusion, patients from Timis county show primarily a hypodivergent development pattern.

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a global disease. However, there is a lack of research specifically focused on the AfrAbia population. Climate change, driven mainly by global warming, is linked to detrimental health impacts, including an increased frequency and intensity of heat waves. Neurological diseases, including neurodegenerative syndromes like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and motor neuron illnesses, have been increasingly seen and recorded in scientific literature. Although there is much literature demonstrating the growth in neurodegenerative disorders, the relationship between environmental variables such as global warming, air pollution, heavy metals, and pesticides and the higher occurrence of these illnesses is still unknown. Objective: The current article primarily aims to examine the relationship between climatic changes, air pollution, pesticides, heavy metals, and the occurrence of PD. Initially, we evaluate the influence of exposure to these variables on the cause or origin of Parkinson's disease. In addition, we will investigate how these variables disrupt processes such as excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation, all of which are strongly linked to Parkinson's disease (PD). Conclusions: This research presents a plausible rationale for the adverse effects of environmental influences on the brain, which are pivotal in the progression or onset of Parkinson's disease from an AfrAbian standpoint.

The early detection of cognitive decline and timely non-pharmacological management or drug therapy are extremely important in providing care for Parkinson’s disease with dementia (PDD). In this study, we first conducted a discovery study to identify six plasma microRNAs that may allow for the differentiation of PD with or without mild cognitive impairment via NGS. A total of 120 participants were further recruited in a validation cohort and divided into four subgroups, namely, normal controls (HC), PD with no dementia (PDND), PD with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) and PDD. Among the six candidates, miR-203a-3p was successfully detected in the plasma of the validation cohort using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). Our results show that the ratio of miR-203a-3p/miR-16-5p observed in PDD was significantly increased compared to in PD-MCI (p < 0.001) and PDND (p = 0.041). Moreover, the ratio of miR-203a-3p/miR-16-5p showed a significant correlation with MoCA scores (r = -0.237, p = 0.024) in patients with PD (PwP). The ROC curve of the logistic regression model, consisting of the variables of age, the ratio of miR-203a-3p/miR-16-5p and the UPDRS III score, also demonstrated an average AUC of 0.883 via 5-fold cross-validation. In conclusion, the ratio of miR-203a-3p/miR-16-5p may serve as a potential biomarker for distinguishing cognitive dysfunction from PwP.

: Crohn’s disease (CD) is a multifactorial chronic disorder that involves a combination of factors as genetic, immune response and gut microbiota. Actually, the therapy comprises salicylates, immunosuppressive agents, corticosteroids, biologic drugs. International guidelines don’t recommend the use of antibiotics except for septic complications of CD patients. The increased evidence of the implication of gut bacteria in this chronic disease support the rationale for using antibiotics as primary treatment of active CD. In the last decades several pathogens have been reported to be involved in the development of CD, but only Escherichia coli (E.coli) species and Mycobacterium avium paratubercolosis (MAP), aroused the interest due to their strong association with CD pathogenesis. Several meta-analyses have been published concerning antibiotic treatment in CD patients but randomized trials of antibiotic treatments against E.coli and MAP did not show prolonged benefits, and only generated conflicting results so much so that several questions are still unresolved regarding trial design, antibiotic dosing, the formulation used, the treatment course and the outcome measures. In this article we attempted to provide an overview and update of the trials on antibiotic treatment in active CD patients taking into account the role of pathogens, the mechanism by which the different antibiotics act on harmful pathogens, and antibiotic resistance. Finally, we also tried to draw new lines for future studies to use antibiotics to treat active CD patients

Damaged connective tissues between the bone and tendons or ligaments are common among adults regardless of activity level. Achilles tendinosis is one of the most common tissue defects and enthesopathies. The patient in this study is a 54-year-old female with chronic Achilles tendinosis from chronic enthesopathy at the Achilles tendon insertion with a retrocalcaneal exostosis for three years who has failed standard-of-care practices for over two years. The patient received extracorporeal pulsed-activated therapy (EPAT) before applying 2ml of CryoText, a Wharton’s jelly tissue allograft. The patient then received class IV laser therapy treatments twice weekly for three weeks. The patient started with a 10/10 VAS at the initial visit. At five weeks post-application, the patient’s score had improved by 80% at 2/10 VAS. By week 13, the patient rated her pain as 0/10 VAS. The improvement in patient-reported pain and functionality reported in this study after the application of Wharton’s Jelly, EPAT, and class IV laser therapy warrants future research studying the safety and efficacy of these patient care modalities together.

The sustainability of Indigenous Socioecological Systems (ISES) faces significant threats from global anthropogenic environmental changes, endangering Indigenous People (IP), who safeguard a substantial portion of the world's natural capital. Indigenous Traditional Food Systems (ITFS) are crucial within ISES, providing not only diverse and nutritious food but also holding cultural, spiritual, and economic significance. Despite embodying sustainable lifestyles, Indigenous voices remain underrepresented in climate and sustainability discussions. Addressing this gap, the research adopts the Political Ecological Theoretical Framework (PETF) to analyze the regulatory impact on the adaptability, resilience, and sustainability of ITFS. Two Indigenous communities, the Karen in Thailand and various groups in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in Russia, serve as case studies. The study aims to establish a theoretical framework integrating Indigenous concerns into policies and regulations, emphasizing self-determination, cultural preservation, and land rights. Findings emphasize the necessity for comprehensive legal frameworks prioritizing Indigenous involvement in climate resilience and sustainability efforts, moving beyond symbolic gestures towards meaningful collaboration and decision-making power. Recognizing Indigenous vulnerability and engaging them as active partners is essential for navigating climate challenges within ISES and ITFS.

Buildings are rapidly becoming more digitized, to a large extent due to developments in IoT. This will provide many opportunities but also a number of challenges. One of the central challenges in the process of digitizing buildings is the ability to monitor the building’s status effectively. This monitoring is essential for various services that rely on information about the presence and activities of individuals within different areas of the building. Occupancy information, including people counting, occupancy detection, location tracking, and activity detection, plays a vital role in the management of smart buildings. In this article, our primary focus is on the use of Passive Infrared (PIR) sensors for gathering occupancy information. PIR sensors are among the most widely used sensors for this purpose due to their consideration of privacy concerns, cost-effectiveness, and low processing complexity compared to many others. Despite numerous literature review articles in the field of occupancy information, there currently isn’t a specialized literature review dedicated to occupancy information derived specifically from PIR sensors.Therefore, this study analyzes articles that specifically explore the application of PIR sensors for occupancy information. This article provides a comprehensive literature review of PIR sensor technology from 2015 to 2023, with a focus on applications in people counting, activity detection, and localization (traking and location). It consolidates findings from a number of articles that have explored and enhanced the capabilities of PIR sensors in these interconnected domains. This review thoroughly examines the application of various techniques, machine learning algorithms, and configurations for PIR sensors in indoor building environments, emphasizing not only the data processing aspects but also their advantages, limitations, and efficacy in producing accurate occupancy information.These developments are crucial for improving building management systems in terms of energy efficiency, security, and user comfort, among other operational aspects.These developments are crucial for improving building management systems in terms of energy efficiency, security, and user comfort, among other operational aspects. The paper seeks to offer a thorough analysis of the present state and potential future advancements of PIR sensor technology in efficiently monitoring and understanding occupancy information by classifying and analyzing improvements in these domains.

Objective: Fludeoxyglucose F18 positron emission tomography (FDG PET) can give early clues for diagnosing Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Our objective was to use the same scan to predict Apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4), known to be a risk factor. A second objective was to determine the brain regions and imaging features associated with this gene allele that can potentially help elucidate the mechanisms of the disease and better comprehend the images. Method: We employed data from 112 participants from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). PET and structural MRI data were co-registered with ANTx, and the Freesurfer tool delineated 95 whole brain, 19 hippocampal, and 9 amygdala regions. Using PyRadiomics we extracted 120 radiomic features from these segments. We employed a hybrid feature selection strategy. The HistGradientBoosting (HGB) classifier was evaluated using stratified five-fold cross-validation. Results: The proposed radiomics model predicted the homozygous ApoE4 genotype, with an AUC of 0.945 an accuracy of 0.875, a sensitivity of 0.914, and a specificity of 0.838. Reducing the feature set to seven key features resulted in a slightly decreased performance (AUC: 0.889). The mean values of the features showed statistically significant (p<0.05) incremental deterioration between different groups of homozygous ApoE4 carriers. Conclusion: Our findings underscore the critical role of specific brain regions and associated features in differentiating ApoE4 carriers. The hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, amygdala, thalamus, and pars orbitalis exhibited significant associations with the ApoE4 genotype. By employing SHAP analysis, we identified key features driving model predictions, enhancing interpretability, and providing insights into the underlying pathophysiology.