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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0065.v1

A Pre-aggregation Fuzzy Collaborative Intelligence-based Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process Approach for Selecting Alternative Suppliers amid the COVID-19 Pandemic

Toly Chen, Hsin-Chieh Wu

Subject: Social Sciences, Decision Sciences Keywords: group decision-making; fuzzy analytic hierarchy process; consensus; wafer foundry; COVID-19 pandemic

Online: 2 December 2020 (14:10:13 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.1561.v1

The Outcome of Antibiotic Overuse before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Oman

Nenad Pandak, Hilal Al Sidairi, Ibrahim Al-Zakwani, Zakariya Al Balushi, Shabnam Chhetri, Muna Ba'Omar, Sultan Al Lawati, Seif S S Al-Abri, Faryal Khamis

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: antibiotics; multidrug resistance; meropenem; vancomycin; ceftriaxone; pandemics; COVID-19; Candida auris; Oman; viral infections

Online: 22 September 2023 (11:44:59 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0152.v1

Residential Mobility of a Cohort of Homeless People in Times of Crisis: COVID-19 Pandemic in an European Metropolis

Agathe Allibert, Aurélie Tinland, Jordi Landier, Sandrine Loubière, Jean Gaudart, Marine Mosnier, Cyril Farnarier, Pascal Auquier, Emilie Mosnier

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: SARS-CoV2; COVID-19; homeless people; public health; vulnerable population; Seroprevalence, cohort; residential mobility

Online: 11 January 2022 (17:20:14 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.0481.v1

Challenges of Treating a Helicobacter pylori Infections following the COVID-19 Pandemic in Croatia: A Review

Ivana Jukic, Jonatan Vukovic

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Gastroenterology And Hepatology Keywords: H. pylori; COVID-19; antibiotic resistance; antimicrobial stewardship; antibiotic consumation; eradication therapy

Online: 7 August 2024 (07:02:52 CEST)

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Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a prevalent bacterial pathogen implicated in various gastroduodenal diseases, including chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric cancer. The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly influenced antibiotic prescription practices, potentially exacerbating antibiotic resistance in H. pylori. Objective: This study aims to investigate antibiotic prescription during COVID-19 pandemic in Croatia and its possible impact on H. pylori antibiotic resistance, with a focus on Croatia. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify relevant studies from March 2020 to June 2024. The search strategy included terms related to COVID-19, antibiotic prescription, and Croatia. Studies were selected based on predefined eligibility criteria, focusing on observational research addressing antibiotic use during the pandemic. Results: The COVID-19 pandemic leads to significant fluctuations in community antibiotic consumption within the European Union/European Economic Area. In Croatia, antibiotic use in 2022 surpassed 2019 levels, driven by increased consumption of macrolides and other antibiotics. This surge, influenced by early pandemic treatment claims and penicillin shortages, contributed to rising antibiotic resistance in H. pylori. Resistance rates to clarithromycin and levofloxacin were notably high, driven by mutations in the 23S rRNA, gyrA, and gyrB genes. Discussion: The increased antibiotic use during the COVID-19 pandemic has highly likely complicated H. pylori eradication efforts, highlighting the necessity of judicious antibiotic use and robust antimicrobial stewardship. The pandemic underscored the need for new therapeutic strategies, optimized eradication regimens, and advanced diagnostic methods to manage bacterial infections effectively. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted antibiotic use and resistance patterns, posing new challenges for H. pylori eradication. Addressing these challenges requires a multifaceted approach, including the development of new drugs and advanced diagnostics, coupled with sustained efforts in antimicrobial stewardship to combat emerging resistance threats.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0398.v1

Psychosocial, and Socio-Economic Crisis in Bangladesh due to COVID-19 Pandemic: A Perception-Based Assessment

Mashura Shammi, Md. Bodrud-Doza, Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul Islam, Md. Mostafizur Rahman

Subject: Social Sciences, Cognitive Science Keywords: COVID-19; Perception-based questionnaire; principal component analysis (PCA); Linear regression model; social panic; social conflict

Online: 22 April 2020 (09:55:38 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0698.v1

A call for Linguistic Awareness in the Age of Pandemic: a Brief study of a Misleading Term in a Trending Covid19- Related Article in Nature Human Behavior

soheil daneshzadeh

Subject: Social Sciences, Anthropology Keywords: Small gatherings cancellation; Cognitive linguistics; Corpus analysis; Semantic frame; Covid-19.

Online: 29 March 2021 (14:41:29 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.2056.v1

Did Inequalities in Mothers’ and Children’s Health and Well-Being in Japan Increase Through the Pandemic? Evidence From Nationwide Surveys and Routinely Collected Data

Hajime Takeuchi, Yoichi Satoh, Shanti Raman, Nick Spencer

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: Inequalities, mothers’ and children’s health and wellbeing, children’s capability, COVID-19, Japan

Online: 30 January 2024 (04:02:57 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202011.0507.v1

Promoting Physical Activity During School Closures Imposed by the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Physical Education Teachers’ Behaviors in Three European Countries

Erica Gobbi, Silvio Maltagliati, Philippe Sarrazin, Selenia di Fronso, Alessandra Colangelo, Boris Cheval, Géraldine Escriva-Boulley, Damien Tessier, Giyasettin Demirhan, Gokce Erturan, Yilmaz Yüksel, Athanasios Papaioannou, Maurizio Bertollo, Attilio Carraro

Subject: Business, Economics And Management, Accounting And Taxation Keywords: COVID-19; lockdown; online teaching; physical education; physical activity; teachers; secondary school

Online: 19 November 2020 (11:26:28 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.2171.v1

Pre-exposure prophylaxis for COVID-19 with Tix-agevimab/Cilgavimab in kidney transplant recipients in the Kraken variant (XBB.1.5) era: A Single-center Experience

Biagio Pinchera, Rosa Carrano, Fabrizio Salemi, Amerigo Piccione, Elisa Schettino, Paolo Romano, Emilia Trucillo, Alessia D'Agostino, Marina Sarno, Emanuela Zappulo, Ivan Gentile

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: Tixagevimab/Cilgavimab, kidney transplantation, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Kraken variant, XBB.1.5, pre-exposure prophylaxis, immunosuppressed patients

Online: 2 October 2023 (11:22:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1041.v1

Caries Experience in Both the Pre- and Post-Lockdown Periods During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Observational Study

Eduardo Manuel Soares Guerreiro, João Botelho, Vanessa Machado, Luís Proença, José João Mendes, Ana Cristina Manso

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: dental caries; caries experience; COVID-19; prevalence; pandemic; epidemiology; decay missing filled index; dmf index

Online: 12 January 2024 (16:17:52 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0030.v1

Application of Telehealth in Prenatal Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic - A Cross-Sectional Survey of Polish Women

Dominik Jakubowski, Dorota Sys, Anna Kajdy, Roksana Lewandowska, Ewa Kwiatkowska, Aneta Cymbaluk-Płoska, Michał Rabijewski, Andrzej Torbé, Sebastian Kwiatkowski

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; Prenatal Care; Standard of Care; Telemedicine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Poland

Online: 5 May 2021 (10:32:26 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0012.v1

The Effect of Financial Anxiety on the Insurance Behavior of Russian Citizens in the Context of the 2019-nCoV Pandemic

Olga Medyanik

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: financial anxiety; insurance behavior; economic security of the person; financial confidence after COVID-19

Online: 2 August 2020 (11:01:34 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0500.v2

The Mediating Role of Gender, Age, COVID-19 Symptoms and Changing of Mansion on the Mental Health of Healthcare Workers Operating in Italy during the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Eleonora Gambaro, Carla Gramaglia, Debora Marangon, Danila Azzolina, Manuela Probo, Marco Rudoni, Patrizia Zeppegno

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Psychiatry And Mental Health Keywords: burnout; healthcare workers; mediation analysis; covid-19 pandemic; mental health

Online: 1 October 2021 (14:50:44 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.0011.v1

Geographical Mapping of COVID-19 Testing Rates in St. Louis: Influence of Socioeconomic Index and Race on Testing in the Early Phase and Peak of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Samuel B Governor, William O Effah, Joshua Ntjajal, Cecilia Nartey, Viktoriya Voytovych, Htu Sam Zinghtung, Mark B Ulanja, Nhial Tutlam, Prince Otchere

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: Covid-19; Testing Rates; Race; Socioeconomic Index (SES); Geographical Mapping; Disparity

Online: 1 July 2024 (08:10:26 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0095.v1

Impact of the SARS-CoV-2 on the Italian Agri-food Sector: An Analysis of the Quarter of Pandemic Lockdown and Clues for a Socio-Economic and Territorial Restart

Gianni Barcaccia, Vincenzo D'Agostino, Alessandro Zotti, Bruno Cozzi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Food Science And Technology Keywords: COVID-19; agriculture; food industry; applied research; technology transfer; sustainability; Italy

Online: 6 July 2020 (04:13:40 CEST)

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The recent outbreak of a new Coronavirus has developed into a global pandemic with about 10,5 million reported cases and over 500,000 deaths worldwide. Our prospective paper reports an updated analysis of the impact that this pandemic had on the Italian agri-food sector during the national lockdown and discusses why and how this unprecedented economic crisis could be a turning point to deal with the overall sustainability of food and agricultural systems in the frame of the forthcoming European Green Deal. Its introductory part includes a wide-ranging examination of the first quarter of pandemic emergency, with a specific focus on the primary production, to be understood as agriculture (i.e. crops and livestock, and their food products), fisheries and forestry. The effect on the typical food and wine exports, and the local environment tourism segments is also taken into account in this analysis, because of their old and deep roots into the cultural and historical heritage of the country. The subsequent part of the paper is centered on strategic lines and research networks for an efficient socio-economic and territorial restart, and a faster transition to sustainability in the frame of a circular bio-economy. Particular emphasis is given to the urgent need of investments in research and development concerning agriculture, in terms of not only a fruitful penetration of the agro-tech for a next-generation agri-food era, but also a deeper attention to the natural and environmental resources, including forestry. As for the rest of Europe, Italy demands actions to expand knowledge and strengthen research applied to technology transfer for innovation activities aimed at providing solutions for a climate neutral and resilient society, in reference to primary production to ensure food security and nutrition quality. Our expectation is that science and culture return to play a central role in national society, as their main actors are capable of making a pivotal contribution to renew and restart the whole primary sector and agri-food industry, addressing also social and environmental issues, and so accelerating the transition to sustainability.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0038.v1

Sociodemographic Predictors of Changes in Physical Activity, Screen Time, and Sleep Among Toddlers and Pre-Schoolers in Chile During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Nicolas Aguilar-Farias, Marcelo Toledo-Vargas, Sebastian Miranda-Marquez, Andrea Cortinez-O'Ryan, Carlos Cristi-Montero, Fernando Rodriguez-Rodriguez, Pia Martino-Fuentealba, Anthony D. Okely, Borja del Pozo Cruz

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: physical activity; sedentary behaviour; sleep; active play; outdoor time; movement behaviours; COVID-19

Online: 1 December 2020 (16:08:08 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.1593.v1

A Study on the Teachers’ Perception of the Online Language Learning Mode During the COVID- 19 Pandemic in China

Shu Lun Mak, Chi Yuen Fu, Tak Wing Chan, Wai Fan Tang, Wai Ying Chak, Shui Lun Au, Chi Chung Lee, Chi Ho Li, Chun Yin Li

Subject: Social Sciences, Education Keywords: Online Education; Language; Instruction; COVID-19 Pandemic; Educational Innovation; Teacher Experience; Learner Engagement; Qualitative Analysis

Online: 20 September 2024 (09:55:30 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0068.v1

Global Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Physical Activity Habits of Competitive Runners: an Analysis of Wearable Device Data

Julia Lee Romero, Qin Lv

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Analysis Keywords: wearable device; physical activity; behavior; COVID-19; pandemic; exercise habits; analysis; objectively-measured physical activity

Online: 5 September 2022 (13:49:56 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0578.v1

“One and a Half Years of Things We Could Have Done”: Multi-Method Analysis of the Narratives of Adolescents with T1D during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Marta Tremolada, Maria Cusinato, Alessia D’Agnillo, Arianna Negri, Elena Righetto, Carlo Moretti

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Endocrinology And Metabolism Keywords: Type 1 diabetes; mental-health; COVID-19; adolescents; qualitative research; narratives; NVivo

Online: 30 December 2022 (09:16:21 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0051.v1

Enduring Fortitude: Unveiling Mother Ignacia del Espíritu Santo, the RVM Sisters, and Their Influence Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond

Edgar R. Eslit

Subject: Arts And Humanities, Religious Studies Keywords: enduring fortitude; COVID-19 pandemic and beyond; Mother Ignacia del Espíritu Santo; RVM Sisters

Online: 1 September 2023 (09:59:11 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0510.v1

International Students’ Perceptions Towards their Learning Experience in an International Network Seminar in Japan: During and Post the COVID-19 Pandemic

Mikael Soendergaard, Fuyuko Takita, Ingrid Bartels

Subject: Social Sciences, Education Keywords: COVID-19; Post-Pandemic; Higher Education; Online Learning; Global Citizenship; Hiroshima; Japan; Students’ Perception

Online: 8 May 2023 (10:20:14 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0091.v1

Tired, Worried and Burned Out But Still Resilient: A Cross-Sectional Study of Mental Health Workers During the Covid-19 Pandemic

Sofia Pappa, Joshua Barnett, Ines Berges, Nikolaos Sakkas

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Psychiatry And Mental Health Keywords: COVID-19; healthcare workers; United Kingdom; mental health; burnout; resilience; insomnia; depression; anxiety; lifestyle

Online: 5 April 2021 (10:24:40 CEST)

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The burden of COVID-19 pandemic on health systems and the physical and mental health of healthcare workers (HCWs) has been substantial. This cross-sectional study aims to assess the effects of Covid-19 on the psychological wellbeing of mental health workers who provide care to a vulnerable patient population that have been particularly affected during this crisis. A total of 387 HCWs from across a large urban mental health service completed a self-administered questionnaire consisting of socio-demographic, lifestyle and work-based information and validated psychometric scales. Depression and anxiety were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) respectively, sleep problems with the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), burnout with the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and resilience with the Resilience Scale-14 (RS-14). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine potential mediating factors. Prevalence of burnout was notable, with 52% recording moderate/severe in Emotional Exhaustion, 19.5% moderate/severe in Depersonalisation and 55.5% low/moderate Personal Accomplishment. Over half of all respondents (52%) experienced sleep problems; the presence of depressive symptoms was a significant predictor of insomnia. An increase in potentially harmful lifestyle changes, such as smoking, alcohol consumption and over-eating was also observed. However, high Resilience was reported by 70% of the sample and the importance of this is highlighted. Female gender was associated with increased levels of depression and emotional exhaustion while those with a history of mental health conditions were most at risk of affective symptoms, insomnia and burnout. Overall, our study revealed considerable levels of psychological distress and maladaptive coping strategies but also resilience and satisfaction with organizational support provided. Findings can inform tailored interventions in order to mitigate vulnerability and prevent long-term psychological sequelae.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0460.v1

COVID-Well Study: Qualitative Evaluation of Supported Wellbeing Centres and Psychological First Aid for Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Holly Blake, Alisha Gupta, Mahnoor Javed, Ben Wood, Steph Knowles, Emma Coyne, Joanne Cooper

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: COVID-19; pandemic; psychological wellbeing; workforce; peer-to-peer support; psychological first aid; wellbeing

Online: 22 February 2021 (11:37:12 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0617.v1

Research of Financial Anxiety on the Example of Insurance Behavior of Russian Citizens in the Context of the Pandemic 2019-nCoV

Olga Medyanik

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: financial anxiety; insurance behavior; economic security of the person; financial confidence after COVID-19

Online: 25 July 2020 (17:39:46 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0997.v1

Montserrat García Gómez, Alin Manuel Gherasim, Juan María Roldan Romero, Luz Maria Montoya Martinez, Jesús Oliva Domínguez, Sofía Escalona López

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; temporary disability; cumulative incidence; healthcare workers; National Network of Epidemiological Surveillance; Spain

Online: 15 May 2023 (07:49:18 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1305.v1

Comorbidity Burden among Adults with Symptomatic COVID-19 Illness: A Cross-Sectional Study

Mini M. Jose, Juan Feng, Bushra Manakkat, Hoang Nguyen, Josie Tombrella, Patricia Savard, Hanaa S. Sallam, Hani Serag

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: COVID-19 positive adults; Charlson Comorbidity Index; Comorbidity burden and COVID-19; Depression and COVID-19; Comorbidities and COVID-19; Social determinants of COVID-19

Online: 19 August 2024 (10:05:29 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.1195.v1

The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Antimicrobial Resistance and Management of Bloodstream Infections

Vasilios Petrakis, Maria Panopoulou, Petros Rafailidis, Nikolaos Lemonakis, Giorgos Lazaridis, Irene Terzi, Dimitrios Papazoglou, Periklis Panagopoulos

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic; antimicrobial resistance; infectious diseases consultation; multi-drug resistant bacteria; infection prevention and control group; antibiotic stewardship

Online: 29 April 2023 (03:23:00 CEST)

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Introduction: The reduced implementation of surveillance programs and limited bedside infectious diseases consultations due to the pressure of COVID-19 pandemic in healthcare systems led to increased rates of irrational use of antimicrobials and incidence of infections by multidrug-resistant microorganisms. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the incidence of antimicrobial resistance and the management of bloodstream infections before and during COVID-19 pandemic at the University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis (Greece). Material-Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted from January 2018 to December 2022. Data were collected from the University Microbiology Laboratory per semester regarding the isolated strains of Gram positive and negative bacteria in blood cultures and respiratory samples in hospitalized patients in medical and surgical wards and in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Additionally, bloodstream infections with requested infectious diseases consultation were reported (n=400), determining whether these were carried out via telephone contact or at the patient's bedside. Demographic data, comorbidities, focus of infection, antimicrobial regimen, duration of treatment, length of hospitalization and clinical outcome were analysed. Results: A total of 4569 strains of Gram positive and negative bacteria were isolated. An increasing trend was reported compared to the pre-pandemic period in the incidence of resistant Gram-negative bacteria, particularly in ICUs. Prior antimicrobial use and the rate of hospital-acquired infections were increased significantly during the pandemic. In the pre-pandemic period 2018-2019, a total of 246 infectious diseases consultations were carried out, while during the period 2020-2022 154, with the percentage of telephone consultations 15% and 76% respectively. Detection of the source of infection and timely administration of appropriate antimicrobial agents were more frequently recorded before the pandemic and 28-day mortality was significantly reduced in cases with bedside consultations. Conclusion: Empowering of infectious diseases surveillance programs and committees, rational use of antimicrobials agents and bedside infectious diseases consultations are vital in order to reduce the impact of infections caused by multidrug-resistant strains.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0163.v1

Is There a Relationship Between Climate, Morphology and Urbanization and COVID19? Preliminary Analysis of Environmental and Pandemic Data in the Lombardy Region (Northern Italy)

Massimiliano Fazzini, Claudio Bna, Alessandro Cecili, Andrea Giuliacci, Sonia Illuminati, Fabrizio Pregliasco, Claudia Baresi, Enrico Miccadei

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), temperate sub-continental climate, Lombardy, temperature, solar radiation

Online: 6 August 2020 (11:39:41 CEST)

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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is the defining global health and socioeconomic crisis of our time and represents the greatest challenge faced by the world since the end of the Second World War. The academic literature indicates that climatic features, specifically the temperature and absolute humidity, are very important factors affecting infectious pulmonary disease epidemics (e.g., SARS, MERS); however, the influence of climatic parameters on COVID-19 remains extremely controversial. The goal of this study is to quantify the existing relationship between several daily climate parameters (temperature, relative humidity, accumulated precipitation, solar radiation, wind direction and intensity, and evaporation), local morphological parameters, and new daily positive swabs for COVID-19, which represents the only parameter that can be statistically used to quantify the pandemic. The daily deaths parameter was not considered because it is not reliable due to frequent administrative errors. Daily data on meteorological conditions and new cases of COVID-19 were collected for the Lombardy area from March 1, 2020, to April 20, 2020. This region in Italy exhibited the largest number of official deaths in the world per million inhabitants, with a value of approximately 1700 per million on june 30, 2020. Moreover, the apparent lethality was approximately 17% in this area, mainly due to the considerable housing density and the extensive presence of industrial and craft areas. The Mann-Kendall test and multivariate statistical analysis showed that none of the considered climatic variables exhibited statistically significant relationships with the epidemiological evolution of COVID-19, at least in the spring months in temperate subcontinental climate areas, with the exception of solar radiation, which was directly related and showed an otherwise low explained variability of approximately 20%. Furthermore, the average temperatures of two highly representative meteorological stations of Molise and Lucania, the most weakly affected by the pandemic. The temperatures at these stations were approximately 1.5°C lower than that in the cities in Lombardy of Bergamo and Brescia, again confirming that a significant relationship between the increase in temperature and decrease in virology from COVID-19 was not evident, at least in the Italian peninsula.

Preprint ESSAY | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0447.v2

China Neighborhood and Village Committee confront the COVID-19 Pandemic；Cultural History and Tracking back Review of Relevant Public Health Events in Last Century

Huibing Tan, Yunge Jia, Yinhua Li, Wei Hou

Subject: Social Sciences, Sociology Keywords: neighborhood committee; collective responsibility; Baojia system; COVID-19 pandemic; Wu Lien-teh; China

Online: 27 April 2020 (03:07:12 CEST)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0636.v1

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties during COVID-19 Pandemic in Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Jacqueline Nonweiler, Fiona Rattray, Jennifer Baulcomb, Francesca Happe, Michael Absoud

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Psychiatry And Mental Health Keywords: Autism Spectrum Disorder; Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; Behavioural Neuroscience; Mental Health; COVID-19; Pandemic; Paediatric Neurology

Online: 26 July 2020 (15:31:51 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0483.v1

Using the Transactional Model of Stress and Coping to Explore Coping Strategies Adopted by Radiology Health Caregivers during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Shillah Nyaradzo Hundah, Maureen Nokuthula Sibiya, Thandokuhle Emmanuel Khoza

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: COVID-19; pandemic; well-being; mental health; coping strategies; radiology; radiography; frontline health caregiver

Online: 8 February 2024 (10:22:26 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0290.v1

Changes in Alienation in Physical Education Classes, School Happiness, and Future Healthy Life Expectancy After the COVID-19 Pandemic in Korean Adolescents

Seung-Man Lee, Jung-In Yoo, Hyun-Su Youn

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Other Keywords: adolescents; alienation in PE class; school happiness; future healthy life expectancy; COVID-19 pandemic

Online: 16 September 2021 (13:55:44 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0195.v1

Capillary Leak Syndrome after SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19 Vaccines: A Comparative Review

Zeinab Mohseni Afshar, Hossein Nazari Rostami, Ali Tavakoli Pirzaman, Rezvan Hosseinzadeh, Arefeh Babazadeh, Dariush Hosseinzadeh, Seyed Rouhollah Miri, Terence T. Sio, Mohammad Barary, Soheil Ebrahimpour

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacology And Toxicology Keywords: COVID-19; COVID-19 vaccines; capillary leak syndrome

Online: 11 January 2023 (09:41:36 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0542.v1

Geographical Factors Determining the Transmission of COVID-19: Lessons Learned from Turkish Black Sea Region to Face Next Pandemic Crisis

Aytac Perihan Akan, Mario Coccia

Subject: Social Sciences, Other Keywords: COVID-19; Coronavirus Disease; SARS-CoV-2; Humidity; Rainfall; Coastal regions; Pandemic plans; Health Policy

Online: 7 June 2023 (11:03:07 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0097.v1

Efficacy of COVID-19 Vaccines Against the Omicron Variant of SARS-CoV-2

Kritika Srinivasan Rajsri, Meena Singh, Mana Rao

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: Bivalent COVID-19 vaccine; COVID-19 vaccination booster; COVID-19; Omicron; SARS-CoV-2

Online: 6 March 2023 (07:00:00 CET)

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Preprint SHORT NOTE | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0526.v1

Confirmed and Unreported COVID-19 Death Counts: An Assessment of Reporting Discrepancy

Mazbahul G Ahamad, Fahian Tanin

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: COVID-19; Unreported COVID-19 Death; Provisional COVID-19 Death; Death Reporting Discrepancy; Bangladesh

Online: 22 July 2020 (11:32:05 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1783.v1

PDSIM: An Agent-Based Framework with Human Behavior Modeling for Pandemic Impact Assessment to Build Sustainable Communities

Harshana Weligampola, Lakshitha Ramanayake, Yasiru Ranasinghe, Gayanthi Ilangarathna, Neranjan Senarath, Bhagya Samarakoon, Roshan Godaliyadda, Vijitha Herath, Parakrama Ekanayaka, Janaka Ekanayake, Muthucumaru Maheswaran, Sandya Theminimulle, Anuruddhika Rathnayake, Samath Dharmarathne, Mallika Pinnawala, Sakunthala Yatigammana Ekanayake, Ganga Thilakaratne

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Health Policy And Services Keywords: Covid-19; Pandemic; Agent-Based Models (ABM); Human Movement Modeling; Envi-ronment modeling; Disease Propagation and Containment

Online: 25 May 2023 (09:01:44 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.1202.v1

The Impact of Public Health Restrictions on Young Caregivers and How They Navigated a Pandemic: Baseline Interviews from a Longitudinal Study Conducted in Ontario, Canada

Kristine Newman, Heather Chalmers, Arthur Ze Yu Wang, Sarah Ciotti, Luxmhina Luxmykanthan, Nicole Mansell

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: young caregiver; baseline interviews; pandemic; qualitative; COVID-19; longitudinal; social determinants of health

Online: 29 April 2023 (04:09:48 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1167.v1

Phylogenetic, Sequencing, and Mutations Analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (BA.1) and Sub-variants (BA.1.1, BA.2) during the Fifth Wave of the Pandemic in the Iraqi Kurdistan Region

Sherzad Majeed Taher, Jassim Mohammed Abdo, Muayad Aghali Merza

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-COV-2; Omicron Variants; Phylogenetic tree; Genome Sequence

Online: 16 August 2023 (07:47:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0491.v1

Changes to Glaucoma Surgery Patterns during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Shift Toward Less Invasive Procedures

Natalia Dub, Kinga Golaszewska, Emil Saeed, Diana Anna Dmuchowska, Iwona Obuchowska, Joanna Konopińska

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: glaucoma surgery; SARS-CoV-2 pandemic; minimally invasive glaucoma surgery; glaucoma surgery patterns; COVID-19; trabeculectomy; canaloplasty; iStent

Online: 30 December 2021 (17:09:06 CET)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0287.v1

Evaluation of Wearing Masks Would Reduce the Impact on Influenza and Pneumonia. – Learned Lessons From the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Hamza Mirza, Mansoor Mirza

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Health Policy And Services Keywords: COVID-19; Influenza; Morbidity; Mortality; Flu; Pneumonia; Virus Infections; Preventive Medicine; Hospitalization; Internal Medicine; Respiratory illness.

Online: 29 April 2022 (04:22:05 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0087.v1

Understanding the Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on Emergency Surgical Care Delivery in India: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study

Anita Gadgil, Geetu Bhandoria, Monty Khajanchi, Bhakti Sarang, Deepa K.V, Prashant Bhandarkar, Monali Mohan, Priyansh Shah, Lovenish Bains, Amulya Rattan, Naveen Sharma, Anurag Mishra, Devi Bavishi, Jaydip Hindocha, Sumit Arora, Ravi Kant, Dnyanesh Belekar, Randeep Wadhavan, Rajeev Satoskar, Ramlal Prajapati, Sudhir Shrivastava, Prashnat Kamble, Niranjan Maydeo, Ashish Gokhale, Nobhojit Roy

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: India; COVID-19 pandemic; Cancellation of surgeries; Global lockdown; Low- and Middle-income country; Emergency surgeries

Online: 5 October 2020 (13:02:31 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0153.v1

Spatial Distribution of COVID-19 in Honduras at the Early Phase of the Pandemic Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

Lysien I. Zambrano, Manuel Antonio Sierra-Santos, Homer Mauricio Mejía-Santos, Elsa Yolanda Palou, Fausto Muñoz-Lara, Ivette Lorenzana, Tito Alvarado, Itzel Carolina Fuentes-Barahona, Glaucia Luciano da Veiga, Ivan Rodriguez-Nuñez, Víctor Manuel Valladares-Rosa, Arturo Gerardo Corrales-Alvarez, Kovy Arteaga-Livias, D. Katterine Bonilla-Aldana, Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; geographical information systems (GIS); coronavirus; epidemiology of infectious diseases; public health.

Online: 12 June 2020 (12:36:52 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.1323.v1

The Long-Term Effect of Mourning during the COVID-19 Pandemic: How Were People Affected by Direct Losses and Media Exposure to Death?

Barbara Caci, Giulia Giordano

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic; mental health; anxiety; depression; stress; mourning; vicarious grief; media exposure; neuroticism

Online: 19 June 2024 (16:35:15 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Public Health Intervention Framework for Reviving Economy amid the COVID-19 Pandemic (2): Use of Personalized Mitigation Measures Beyond the Epidemiological Model Limits

Jianqing Wu, Zha Ping

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: coronavirus; COVID-19; public health intervention; revive economy; disease severity; epidemiological model and R0

Online: 4 May 2020 (15:08:26 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0227.v1

Differences in the Course of depression and anxiety After COVID-19 Infection Between Recovered Patients With and Without a Psychiatric History: A Cross-Sectional Study

Megumi Hazumi, Kentaro Usuda, Emi Okazaki, Mayumi Kataoka, Daisuke Nishi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Psychiatry And Mental Health Keywords: COVID-19; depression; anxiety; post-acute COVID-19 syndrome; post-COVID

Online: 12 August 2022 (04:56:33 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1944.v1

Quantifying Forest Cover Loss during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Charcoal Production Basin of Lubumbashi (DR Congo) through Remote Sensing and Landscape Analysis

Yannick Useni Sikuzani, Médard Mpanda Mukenza, Ildephonse Kipili Mwenya, Héritier Khoji Muteya, Dieu-donné N’tambwe Nghonda, Nathan Kasanda Mukendi, François Malaisse, Françoise Malonga Kaj, Donatien Dibwe Dia Mwembu, Jan Bogaert

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Remote Sensing Keywords: Forest cover loss, COVID-19 pandemic, Remote sensing, Landscape analysis, Miombo woodland, Sustainable forestry

Online: 30 April 2024 (08:44:56 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0201.v1

Compliance with Standard Precaution and Its Relationship With Views on Infection Control and Prevention Policy Among Chinese University Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Winnie Cheng, Enid Kwong, Regina Lee, Anson Tang

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Psychiatry And Mental Health Keywords: COVID-19; emotion-focused coping; infection control practices; perceived stress; relation-ship-focused coping

Online: 21 April 2022 (10:06:24 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0422.v1

Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Cost-Related Prescription Nonredemption, Health care Seeking and Hospitalization in Hungary: A Nationally Representative Cross-Sectional Study

Bayu Begashaw Bekele, Bahaa Aldin Alhaffar, Rahul Naresh Wasnik, János Sándor

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: CRPNR; COVID-19 pandemic; hospital admission; GP visit; Hungary; interaction effect; Roma; specialist care

Online: 27 December 2021 (11:05:43 CET)

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Background: Although, negative repercussions of inadequate health service use on the health outcomes has been presumably exacerbated by COVID-19, the impact of the pandemic measures has been not evaluated properly yet. Objective: Our study aimed to quantify the COVID-19 pandemic measures’ effect on the general practitioner (GP) visit, specialist care, hospitalization and cost-related prescription nonredemption (CRPNR) among adults in Hungary, and to identify the social strata susceptible to the pandemic effect. Methods: This community-based cross-sectional study based on nationally representative data of 6,611 (Nprepandemic=5,603 and Npandemic=1,008) subjects aged 18 years and above. Data were obtained from the European Health Interview Survey 2019 (EHIS) and International Social Survey Program 2021 (ISSP) for prepandemic and pandemic, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression models were applied to determine the sociodemographic and clinical factors influencing the health care use by odds ratios (OR) along with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). To identify the social strata susceptible to pandemic effect, the interaction of the time of data collection with level of education, marital status, and ethnicity, was also tested. Results: While, the CRPNR did not changed, the frequency of GP visit, specialist care and hospitalization rate were remarkably reduced by 22.2%, 26.4%, and 6.7%, respectively, during the pandemic in Hungary. Roma proved to be not specifically affected by the pandemic in any studied respect. The pandemic restructuring of health care impacted the social subgroups evenly with respect to hospital care. However, the pandemic effect was weaker among primary educated adults (ORhigh-school vs primary-education =0.434; 95% CI 0.243-0.776, ORhigh-school vs primary-education =0.598; 95% CI 0.364-0.985), and among widows (ORwidowed vs married =2.284; 95% CI 1.043-4.998, ORwidowed vs married=1.915; 95% CI 1.157-3.168) on the frequency of GP visit and specialist visit; and the prepandemic CRPNR inequality by level of education was increased (ORhigh-school vs primary-education =0.236; 95% CI 0.075-0.743). Conclusion: Primary educated and widowed did not follow the general trend, and their prepandemic limited health care use was not reduced further during pandemic, resulting in an inequality reduction. The vulnerability of primary educated to CRPNR was the only gap widened in the pandemic period. This shows that although the management of pandemic health care use restrictions was implemented by increasing the social inequality in Hungary, the prevention of inequity in drug availability for primary educated individuals could require more support.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0032.v1

Insights from Large-Scale Analysis of Long Term and Repeat Antibiotic Prescribing Pre and during the COVID-19 Pandemic Periods

Alex Orlek, Eleanor Harvey, Louis Fisher, Amir Mehrkar, Seb Bacon, Ben Goldacre, Brian MacKenna, Diane Ashiru-Oredope

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Primary Health Care Keywords: Antibiotic stewardship; antibiotic prescribing; COVID-19; primary care; electronic health records; Antmicrobial Stewardship; AMS; General Practice

Online: 2 March 2023 (04:25:37 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0011.v1

SARS-CoV-2: Jumping the Species Barrier, Lessons from SARS and MERS, Its Zoonotic Spillover, Transmission to Humans, Preventive and Control Measures and Recent Developments to Counter This Pandemic Virus

Kuldeep Dhama, Shailesh Kumar Patel, Khan Sharun, Mamta Pathak, Ruchi Tiwari, Mohd. Iqbal Yatoo, Yashpal Singh Malik, Ranjit Sah, Ali A. Rabaan, Parmod Kumar Panwar, Karam Pal Singh, Izabela Michalak, Wanpen Chaicumpa, D. Katterine Bonilla-Aldana, Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-Cov-2; bat coronavirus; zoonosis; spillover; expanding host range

Online: 2 April 2020 (04:43:45 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0108.v1

Effects of Health Anxiety, Social Support, and Coping on Dis-sociation with Mediating Role of Perceived Stress during the COVID-19 Pandemic

László Róbert Kolozsvári, Viktor Rekenyi, Szabolcs Garbóczy, Ágnes Hőgye-Nagy, Anita Szemán-Nagy, Mohamed Sayed-Ahmad, Katalin Héjja-Nagy

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Psychiatry And Mental Health Keywords: perceived stress; social support; health anxitety; coping; lockdown; COVID-19; international stu-dents; domestic students

Online: 7 February 2023 (02:22:04 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0043.v1

Symptom Severity Changes in Obsessive-Compulsive Patients during COVID-19 Pandemic Are Associated with Shorter Illness Duration and Benzodiazepine Use: Possible Evolutionary Advantage of a Psychiatric Disorder

Giordano D’Urso, Alfonso Magliacano, Marco Manzo, Mattia Vittorio Pomes, Carla Iuliano, Felice Iasevoli, Bernardo Dell'Osso, Andrea De Bartolomeis

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Psychiatry And Mental Health Keywords: obsessive-compulsive disorder; COVID-19; clinical evolution; adaptive psychopathology; illness duration; anxious diathesis

Online: 1 March 2024 (17:40:36 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1908.v1

Clinical and Epidemiological Features, Mechanism of Action, and Diagnosis of Global Pandemic Infectious Disease, COVID-19, and its Comparison with SARS, MERS, and H1N1: A Brief Overview

Saeed Reza Hormozi Jangi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: COVID-19; Mechanism of Action; Clinical and Epidemiological Features; Global Pandemic Infectious Disease

Online: 26 May 2023 (09:59:10 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0486.v1

Mental Health Challenges during COVID-19 Pandemic: Experiences of Primary Healthcare Nurses in Durban, South Africa

Stanley Chibuzor Onwubu, Maureen Nokuthula Sibiya, Mokgadi Ursula. Makgobole

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: COVID-19; mental healthcare; primary healthcare nurses; Sub-Saharan Africa; challenges; adaptation; outreach; telehealth; vaccine hesitancy; mental health awareness

Online: 7 August 2023 (05:28:56 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0260.v2

COVID-19 Pandemic: Insights into Structure, Function, and hACE2 Receptor Recognition by SARS-CoV-2

Anshumali Mittal, Kavyashree Manjunath, Rajesh Kumar Ranjan, Sandeep Kaushik, Sujeet Kumar, Vikash Verma

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV; SARS-like coronavirus; 2019-nCoV; SARS-CoV-2; angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2); RdRp; Remdesivir; and neutralizing antibody

Online: 10 July 2020 (16:21:17 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Preventive, Mitigating and Treatment Strategies for Containing or Ending the COVID-19 Pandemic

Jianqing Wu, Ping Zha

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pathology And Pathobiology Keywords: coronavirus; COVID-19; viral reproduction; immune response; low temperature injury; lung damages; cold flu influenza; deep breathing exercises; diet; emotion stress; lifestyle

Online: 4 March 2020 (05:30:58 CET)

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To understand great disparities in disease outcomes between CIVID-19 patients, we explore infection and host responses in kinetics. From existing data, we deduced a model that the lungs are damaged by rapidly rising flow resistance as a result of retaining white blood cells in lung tissues. The retention of white blood cells is initially triggered by viral infection but aggravated by injuries caused by low temperature. Lungs are initially damaged by fluid leakage, rapidly followed by extruding blood into alveolar spaces. The step of blood extruding is predicted to take place in a very short time. Our simulations show that as little as 0.1% retention of white blood cells in the lungs can lead to their failure in 5 to 10 days. The small degrees of imbalance implies that this imbalance could be corrected by a large number of factors that are known to reduce flow resistance. The model implies that the top priority is maintaining blood micro-circulation and preserving organ functions in the entire disease course, especially after the virus has spread the whole lungs. From exploring a large number of hypothetical infection modes, we propose preventive, mitigating and treatment strategies for ultimately ending the pandemic. The first strategy is avoiding exposures that could result in widespread damages to lungs and taking post exposure mitigating measures that would reduce disease severity. The second strategy is reducing death rate and disability rate from the current levels to one tenth for infected patients by using multiple factors health optimization method. The double reduction strategies are expected to generate a series of chain reactions that favor mitigating or ending the pandemic. Some reactions include a big reduction of the amount of viral discharges from infected patients into the air, the avoidance of panic, chronic stress and emotional distress, and cross-infections which are expected in quarantines. The double reductions would have a final effect of ending the pandemic.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.1324.v1

The Economic Impact of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Among Patients with Systemic Autoimmune Diseases During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Valentina Lorenzoni, Gianni Andreozzi, Ilaria Palla, Chiara Tani, Claudia Carmassi, Giovanni Fulvio, Francesca Trentin, Sara Fantasia, Lorenzo Conti, Liliana Dell'Osso, Marta Mosca, Giuseppe Turchetti

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Health Policy And Services Keywords: Keywords: COVID-19; post-traumatic stress disorder; systemic autoimmune disease; economic; healthcare costs; indirect costs; LASSO regression

Online: 17 September 2024 (12:51:34 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0274.v1

Pre-pandemic Predictivity of Anxious-Depressive Symptoms in Post-surgical Traumatic Distress in Hysterectomy for Benign Disease and COVID-19 Outbreak: A Case-Control Study

Marta Ielmini, Jvan Casarin, Camilla Callegari, Alessandro Bellini, Manuela Giada Favata, Anna Giudici, Fabio Ghezzi, Antonella Cromi, Ivano Caselli

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Psychiatry And Mental Health Keywords: post-traumatic stress disorder; post-surgical traumatic distress; anxiety; depression; hysterecto-my; COVID-19

Online: 3 April 2024 (10:35:06 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1061.v1

A qualitative exploration of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on gender-based violence against women living with HIV or tuberculosis in Timor Leste

Nelson Martins, Domingos Soares, Caetano Gusmao, Maria Nunes, Laura Abrantes, Diana Valadares, Suzi Marcal, Marcelo Mali, Luis Alves, Jorge Martins, Valente da Silva, Paul Russell Ward, Nelsensius Klau Fauk

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: Gender-based violence, women living with HIV and TB, COVID-19 pandemic, Timor Leste

Online: 14 December 2023 (09:03:38 CET)

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Violence against women or gender-based violence (GBV) is a major public health issue facing women and girls in different settings and is reported to have worsened globally during the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on increased violence against women in general, which has been reported in many settings globally, there is a paucity of evidence of its impact on violence against highly vulnerable women living with HIV or tuberculosis (TB). Using a qualitative design, this study aimed to explore the views and experiences of women living with HIV (n=19) or TB (n=23) in Timor Leste regarding the GBV they faced during the COVID-19 pandemic. They were recruited using the snowballing sampling technique. Data were collected using one-on-one in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. The five steps of qualitative data analysis suggested in Ritchie and Spencer’s analysis framework were employed to guide the analysis of the findings. Findings indicated that women in this study experienced intensified physical, verbal, sexual and psychological violence by their partners, spouses, in-laws, and parents or other family members during the COVID-19 pandemic. Several prominent risk factors that worsened violence against women during the pandemic were (i) HIV or TB-positive status, (ii) traditional gender roles or responsibilities and expectations, (iii) economic and financial difficulties reflected in the loss of jobs and incomes due to the pandemic, and (iv) individual factors such as jealousy and increased alcohol drinking developed during the lockdowns. The findings underscore the urgent need for multifaceted interventions to address GBV, which should encompass challenging traditional gender norms, addressing economic inequalities, and targeting individual-level risk factors. The findings also indicate the need for the development of robust monitoring and evaluation systems to assess the effectiveness of policies and interventions addressing GBV where the results can inform future improvement. The findings also indicate the need to include GBV in the protocol or guidelines for HIV and TB management. Future large-scale quantitative studies to capture the magnitude and specific drivers of GBV against women living with HIV and TB during the pandemic are recommended.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0240.v1

Effects of Locomotion Regulatory Mode on COVID-19 Anxiety: The Mediating Role of Resilience

Calogero Lo Destro, Alberto Costa

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: Locomotion; regulatory modes; resilience; COVID-19; Covid-19 anxiety.

Online: 4 July 2023 (13:48:34 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0338.v1

Blood ACE2 protein level correlates with COVID-19 severity

Oksana Shevchuk, Anastasia Pak, Svitlana Palii, Yana Ivankiv, Kateryna Kozak, Mykhaylo Korda, Sandor G. Vari

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: COVID-19; ACE2; severity; post-COVID-19 patients; comorbidity.

Online: 5 June 2023 (14:36:06 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0361.v1

Revisiting Early-stage COVID-19 Strategy Options

Philip Machanick

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: COVID-19; pandemic; asymptomaticspread; early-stage COVID-19 mitigation

Online: 20 April 2020 (06:18:33 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0378.v1

Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Healthcare Services in Malaysia from the Perspective of Healthcare Providers: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

Nicholas Yee Liang Hing, Chin Tho Leong, Ramani Subramaniam Kalianan, Wei Yin Lim, Ching Ee Loo, Yuan Liang Woon

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: COVID-19; pandemic; impact; healthcare; lockdown; movement control order; Malaysia; medical services; dental services; pharmacy services

Online: 29 March 2022 (09:45:10 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0298.v1

A Year of Online Classes Amid COVID-19 Pandemic: Advantages, Problems, and Suggestions of Economics Students at a Bangladeshi Public University

Musharrat Shabnam Shuchi, Sayeda Chandra Tabassum, MMK Toufique

Subject: Social Sciences, Education Keywords: COVID-19; online learning; pandemic; online education; Bangladesh; students' perceptions; higher education; distance learning; online classes

Online: 10 June 2021 (14:36:09 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0231.v3

Locus of Control and Self‐Directed Learning Readiness of Nursing Students During the COVID‐19 Pandemic: A Cross‐Sectional Study from Saudi Arabia

Hanan A. A. ALKORASHY, Hanan A. ALOTAIBI

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Nursing Keywords: locus of control; self-directed learning readiness; nursing students; Saudi Arabia; undergraduates; COVID-19 pandemic

Online: 14 November 2023 (15:29:13 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0657.v1

Test@Work Texts: Mobile Phone Messaging to Increase Awareness of HIV and HIV Testing in UK Construction Employees During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Matthew Middleton, Sarah Somerset, Catrin Evans, Holly Blake

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: HIV; workplace intervention; SMS; HIV testing; construction; mobile phone; Covid-19; health promotion; text messaging

Online: 27 September 2020 (03:02:41 CEST)

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Background: HIV poses a threat to global health. With effective treatment options available, education and testing strategies are essential in preventing transmission. Text messaging is an effective tool for health promotion and can be used to target higher risk populations. This study reports on the design, delivery and testing of a mobile text messaging SMS intervention for HIV prevention and awareness, aimed at adults in the construction industry and delivered during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: Participants were recruited at Test@Work workplace health promotion events (21 sites, n=464 employees), including health checks with HIV testing. Message development was based on a participatory design and included a focus group (n=9) and message fidelity testing (n=291) with assessment of intervention uptake, reach, acceptability, and engagement. Barriers to HIV testing were identified and mapped to the COM-B behavioural model. 23 one-way push SMS messages (19 included short web links) were generated and fidelity tested, then sent via automated SMS to two employee cohorts over a 10-week period during the COVID-19 pandemic. Engagement metrics measured were; opt-outs, SMS delivered/read, number of clicks per web link, and four two-way pull messages exploring repeat HIV testing, learning new information, perceived usefulness and behaviour change. Results: 291 people participated (68.3% of eligible attendees). A total of 7,726 messages were sent between March and June 2020, with 91.6% successfully delivered (100% read). 12.4% of participants opted out over 10 weeks. Of delivered messages, links were clicked an average of 14.4%, max 24.1% for HIV related links. The number of clicks on web links declined over time (r= -6.24, p=0.01). Response rate for two-way pull messages was 13.7% of participants. Since the workplace HIV test offer at recruitment, 21.6% reported having taken a further HIV test. Qualitative replies indicated behavioural influence of messaging on exercise, lifestyle behaviours and intention to HIV test. Conclusion: SMS messaging for HIV prevention and awareness is acceptable to adults in the construction industry, has high uptake, low attrition and good engagement with message content, when delivered during a global pandemic. Data collection methods may need refinement for audience and effect of COVID-19 on results is yet to be understood.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.1036.v1

Technical Effiency in Ecuador’ Farms: Evidences of the Pandemic Impact

Carlos S. Torres-Inga, A. Javier Aguirre-de Juana, Guillermo E. Guevara-Viera, Raul V. Guevara-Viera

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: DEA; COVID; labor; bootstrap; gender

Online: 17 July 2023 (15:09:11 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0155.v6

Infection-Simulator, Immunostimulatory and Immunomodulatory Effects of Interferons I and III in Biological Systems: A New Era in Vaccinology and Therapeutics Possible?

Theodor-Nicolae Carp, Michael Metoudi, Vanshika Ojha

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: covid-19; pandemic; immune evasion; first-line immunity; viral evolution; interferon; dendritic cells; cytokines; chemokines; natural lymphocytes; adaptive lymphocytes; innate immunity; adaptive immunity; vaccinology; therapeutics.

Online: 10 July 2024 (09:48:29 CEST)

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The severe acquired respiratory coronavirus–2 (SARS–CoV-2) infection has initiated both acute and chronic COVID–19 disease between 2020 and 2023, currently evolving with other homologous prior coronavirus strains of the Nidoviridae order, which encompasses other prevalent alpha/ beta coronaviruses, but also the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) and SARS-CoV-1, with recent SARS–CoV–2 variants, increasing demands for effective immunogens and therapeutic approaches that will reduce global disease burden and further infection from SARS–CoV-2 affected individuals that may experience post acute sequelae (PASC) or “Long COVID”. Following a worldwide programme of prophylactic vaccination, there is still a dilemma in the efforts to find prophylactic and early therapeutic approaches that would treat novel SARS-CoV-2 variants and prevent future epidemics or pandemics within host human and animal populations, where zoonotic or cross species transfer naturally occurs. Concerns about viral immune escape intersect at a specific point; a gained evolutionary ability of several viruses to co–infect and compete against previous scientific advances since 1796 that remain undetected or asymptomatic during the early stages of infection progressing to symptomatic and severe disease via the double methylation of the 5' end of eukaryotic DNA or RNA-based viral genomes, the 7-MeGpppA2’-O-Me cap, and its double methylation capping process is performed by the activated viral 2’ - O - Methyltransferase (MTase) enzyme, a complex of two viral non-structural proteins (NSPs) joined together through an activation process (NSP10/16) and by N7-Methyltransferase (N7-MTase/NSP14), respectively. Moreover, it was discovered that polymorphic viruses translate NSP1, which prevents the activation of various Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs), and consequently, detection of Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs) and Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs) alike. NSP1 also silences important interferon-encoding genes (INGs) and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), is signalled in a paracrine manner to neighbouring cells, and that induces the apoptosis of host cells, inducing an effect of “trace erase” effect and making the viral infection as immunologically “invisible” as possible during the initial, key stages of viral replication and distribution, all such mechanisms occurring independently of the viruses in cause. Another important viral NSP is NSP14, as it plays two functional roles that are independent of each other; to produce new viral genetic material for the purpose of maintaining the validity of the viral genome as well, and not just transfer a methyl group to the 5’ end of the viral genome. Other viral NSPs share a role with NSP1, 10, 14 and 16 in directly suppressing the activation of PRRs and ISGs, and all such viral proteins help the virus in its process of self-camouflaging against first- and second-line immunity, thereby often severely impacting the quality of the produced adaptive immune responses. The outcome of all such phenomena is the sharp decrease in the host Type I and Type III interferons' (IFNs) rate of synthesis by the host cells, that would usually occur and affect homeostatic cellular pathways, resulting in further viral replication and induced apoptosis. Nonetheless, effects of microbial immune evasion during the development of other viral or carcinogenic pathologies are not widely known. In short, polymorphic viruses developed a proportionate evolutionary response against developed adaptive immune responses, by currently relying on gaps mostly situated in the natural immune system in their process of molecular self-camouflaging. Scientists developed numerous approaches of early treatment that generally showed good success rates and fewer risks of adverse events, and the still early present stages of COVID-19 research should also be taken into consideration whilst filtering for the most appropriate solutions. For example, the administration of recombinant human interferons I and III into the nasal mucosa cellular layer, as key mediators of anti–viral activity, can simulate intracellular infection and stimulate cellular activity in a timely manner, training the innate and adaptive immune system cells to develop and appropriately stimulate an adequate immune response through B and T cells. Another example could involve the treatment of natural and adaptive lymphocytes with a low dose of IFNs I and possibly III, prior to their insertion into the host lymphatic system, possibly alongside additional recruitment of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) as further interferon “factories”, all with the purpose of early infection management. It might be that focusing on directly offering the immune system the information about the genetics and protein structure of the pathogen, rather than training its first-line mechanisms to develop faster, excessively increases its specificity, making it reach a level that brings the virus the opportunity to evolve and escape previously-developed host immune mechanisms. It is until the scientific community realises this potentially crucial aspect that large proportions of the world population will probably continue to face serious epidemics and pandemics of respiratory diseases over the coming several decades, evidenced with dengue fever and more recently, monkeypox and possibly avian flu. Of note, it has been indicated that IFN I and / or III display significant immunising, early therapeutic and clinical disease onset-attenuating effects for many other microbial evoked diseases, as well as for a number of oncological diseases.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0413.v1

Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices regarding Long-Term Complications of COVID-19 among a Sub-Urban Population in Sri Lanka

Chamindri Witharana, Kithmini Siridewa, Manuj Weerasinghe, Indika Karunathilake

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: long COVID; COVID 19 vaccination; COVID awareness

Online: 24 December 2021 (23:40:18 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0261.v1

An Extensive Review of Health and Economy of Bangladesh Amid Covid-19 Pandemic

Abdul Kader Mohiuddin

Subject: Social Sciences, Government Keywords: domestic violence during lockdown; healthcare denial; poor adherence to self-quarantine; natural Disasters amid Covid-19; repatriation of migrant workers; supply chain crisis

Online: 15 May 2020 (18:09:10 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.1567.v1

Energy Consumption Forecasting in Commercial Buildings during the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Multivariate Multilayered Long-Short Term Memory Time-series Model with Knowledge Injection

Tan Ngoc Dinh, Gokul Sidarth Thirunavukkarasu, Mehdi Seyedmahmoudian, Saad Mekhilef, Alex Stojcevski

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: Energy consumption prediction; Energy management; Time series forecasting; Building energy consumption forecast; Covid-19 pandemic

Online: 24 July 2023 (08:47:09 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0447.v1

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on School-aged Children’s Physical Activity, Screen Time and Sleep in Hong Kong: a Cross-sectional Repeated Measures Study

Hung-Kwan So, Gilbert T Chua, Ka-Man Yip, Keith TS Tung, Rosa S Wong, Lobo HT Louie, Winnie WY Tso, Ian Wong, Jason Yam, Mike Kwan, Gary KK Lau, Judy Kong, Wilfred HS Wong, Patrick Ip

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pediatrics, Perinatology And Child Health Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic; school closures; school-aged children; physical activity; screen time; sleep; Hong Kong

Online: 29 July 2022 (03:57:32 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0343.v1

Emerging Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19), a Pandemic Public Health Emergency with Animal Linkages: Current Status Update

Yashpal Singh Malik, Shubhankar Sircar, Sudipta Bhat, Obli Rajendran Vinodhkumar, Ruchi Tiwari, Ranjit Sah, Ali A. Rabaan, Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales, Kuldeep Dhama

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: coronavirus; 2019-nCoV; SARS-CoV-2; animal coronaviruses; COVID-19; bat coronavirus; zoonoses; epidemiology; transmission; diagnosis; antivirals; prevention and control

Online: 23 March 2020 (07:19:35 CET)

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After the appearance of first cases of ‘pneumonia of unknown origin’ in the Wuhan city, China, during late 2019, the disease progressed fast. Its cause was identified as a novel coronavirus, named provisionally 2019-nCoV. Subsequently, an official name was given as SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2) by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) study group. The World Health Organization (WHO) named the Coronavirus disease-2019 as COVID-19. The epidemics of COVID-2019 have been recorded over 113 countries/territories/areas apart from China and filched more than 4292 humans, affecting severely around 1,18,326 cases in a short span. The status of COVID-2019 emergency revised by the WHO within 42 days from Public Health International Emergency (January 30, 2020) to a pandemic (March 11, 2020). Nonetheless, the case fatality rate (CFR) of the current epidemic is on the rise (between 2-4%), relatively is lower than the previous SARS-CoV (2002/2003) and MERS-CoV (2012) outbreaks. Even though investigations are on its way, the researchers across the globe have assumptions of animal-origin of current SARS-CoV-2. A recent case report provides evidence of mild COVID-2019 infection in a pet dog that acquired COVID-2019 infection from his owner in Hong Kong. The news on travellers associated spread across the globe have also put many countries on alert with the cancellation of tourist visa to all affected countries and postponement of events where international visits were required. A few diagnostic approaches, including quantitative and differential real-time polymerase chain reaction assays, have been recommended for the screening of the individuals at risk. In the absence of any selective vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, re-purposed drugs are advocated in many studies. This article discourse the current worldwide situation of COVID-2019 with information on virus, epidemiology, host, the role of animals, effective diagnosis, therapeutics, preventive and control approaches making people aware on the disease outcomes.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0024.v1

The Critical Issues for Patients and Caregivers in Neuro-Oncology During Covid-19 Pandemic: What We Have Learnt by an Observational Study.

Elena Anghileri, Irene Tramacere, Sara Morlino, Catia Leuzzi, Lorena Pereja Gutierrez, Saba Motta, Antonio Silvani, Francesca Romana Berrini

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Anxiety; Caregivers; Caregiver Burden; Communication; COVID-19; (Brain) Neoplasms; Pandemics; Perception; Psycho-Oncology; Quality of Life

Online: 1 April 2024 (10:08:02 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0061.v1

Substance Use Disorder in the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review of Vulnerabilities and Complications

Yufeng Wei, Rameen Shah

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Coronavirus; Substance Use Disorder (SUD); Immunology; Neuroinflammation; Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB); hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis

Online: 5 July 2020 (10:21:47 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1927.v1

Changes in Social Media Big Data on Healing Forests : A Time-series Analysis on the Use Behavior of Healing Forests Before and After the COVID-19 Pandemic in South Korea

Sangwook Kim, Juyeong Youn

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Sustainable Science And Technology Keywords: healing forest; COVID-19; text mining; network analysis; quadratic assignment; procedure correlation analysis

Online: 26 January 2024 (13:41:21 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0194.v1

From Recession to Depression? Prevalence and Correlates of Depression, Anxiety, Traumatic Stress and Burnout in Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Greece: A Multi-Center, Cross-Sectional Study

Sofia Pappa, Nikolaos Athanasiou, Nikolaos Sakkas, Stavros Patrinos, Elpitha Sakka, Zafeiria Barmparessou, Stamatoula Tsikrika, Andreas Adraktas, Athanasia Pataka, Ilias Migdalis, Sofia Gida, Paraskevi Katsaounou

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Psychiatry And Mental Health Keywords: COVID-19; health care workers; Greece; mental health; depression; anxiety; traumatic stress; burnout

Online: 8 February 2021 (11:41:59 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.0111.v1

Predictors of Hospitalization in Breakthrough COVID-19 among Fully Vaccinated Individuals with Immune-Mediated Rheumatic Diseases: Data from Safer-Study

Debora Cerqueira Calderaro, Valéria Valim, Gilda Ferreira Oliveira, Ketty Lysie Libardi Lira Machado, Priscila Dias Cardoso Ribeiro, Sandra Lúcia Euzébio Ribeiro, Natália Sarzi Sartori, Rodrigo Poubel Vieira Rezende, Ana Karla Guedes Melo, Vitor Cruz, Adah Sophia Rodrigues Vieira, Adriana Maria Kakehasi, Aline Teixeira Landa, Ana Paula Neves Burian, Flávia Maria Matos Melo Campos Peixoto, Camila Maria Paiva França Telles, Rafaela Cavalheiro do Espírito Santo, Katia Lino Baptista, Yasmin Gurtler Pinheiro Oliveira, Vanessa de Oliveira Magalhães, Raquel Lima Lima, Erika Biegelmeyer, Pietra Zava Lorencini, Andréa Teixeira-Carvalho, Edgard Torres Reis-Neto, Emilia Inoue Sato, Marcelo Medeiros Pinheiro, Odirlei André André Monticielo, Viviane Angellina de Souza, Ricardo Machado Xavier, Gecilmara Salviato Pileggi

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: COVID-19; COVID-19 vaccines; health disparities; breakthrough COVID-19 infections; rheumatic diseases; vaccination of immune compromised patients; COVID-19 vaccine booster shot

Online: 2 August 2024 (09:08:01 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0490.v1

Long COVID, A Comprehensive Systematic Scoping Review

Hossein Akbarialiabad, Mohammad Hossein Taghrir, Ashkan Abdollahi, Nasrollah Ghahramani, Manasi Kumar, Shahram paydar, Babak Razani, John Mwangi, Ali A. Asadi-Pooya, Leila Malekmakan, Bahar Bastani

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Covid-19; Long Covid-19; Long Haulers Covid; Post Covid-19 Syndrome; Post-Acute Covid-19; Corona Virus; SARS-Cov-2; Novel Corona Virus 2019; Post-Acute SARS-CoV-2; PASC, Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19; Late Sequelae COVID-19

Online: 18 March 2021 (17:16:52 CET)

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Introduction: Despite more than one year passed since the first cases of SARS-CoV-2 were reported, there is still no consensus on the definition and clinical management of post-acute-COVID-19. The condition has heterogeneously been named as Chronic COVID syndrome, Post COVID-19 Syndrome, post-acute sequela of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC), and the more familiar long COVID. Method: In order to capture all relevant published studies, we undertook a multi-step search with no language restriction. The following four-step search strategy was utilized: First, a preliminary (limited) search was conducted on January 20, 2021, in Google Scholar and PubMed to identify the appropriate keywords. Then, on January 30, 2021, we adopted a search strategy of electronic databases from Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of sciences, using those keywords. Then, after duplicate removal, we screened all titles, abstracts, and full texts. This resulted in 66 eligible studies. Subsequently, after a forward and backward search of their references and citations an additional 54 publications were found, resulting in a total of 120 publications that formed the basis of the present analysis. The titles, abstracts, and full-texts of non-English articles were translated using Google Translate for further evaluation. We conducted our scoping review based on the PRISMA-ScR Checklist.Results: We found only one randomized clinical trial in our search. Of the 67 original studies, 22 were cohort and 28 were cross-sectional studies totaling 74.6% of the original studies. Of the total of 120 publications, 59 (49.1%) focused on signs and symptoms, 28 (23.3%) were focused on management, and 13 (10.8%) focused on pathophysiology. Ten (9%) publications focused on imaging studies. Ninety-one percent of the original investigations came from high and upper-middle-income countries, highlighting the scarcity of reports originating from low-income and lower-middle-income countries.Conclusion: The predominant symptoms among those with the so-called “Long COVID” were: fatigue, breathlessness, arthralgia, sleep difficulties, and chest pain. Recent reports also point to the risk of long-term sequela with cutaneous, respiratory, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, mental health, neurologic, and renal involvement in those who survive the acute phase of the illness. The ambiguity and controversies in its definition have impaired proper recognition and management of those requiring additional support following the resolution of the acute phase of this infection. This has resulted in long-standing distress for the patients and their families. Our findings highlight the need for a multidisciplinary approach, support, and rehabilitation for these patients in terms of long-term mental and physical health.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0230.v1

How the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic Impacted Patients’ Care in the Vascular Surgery Divisions of the Southern Regions of the Italian Peninsula

Eugenio Martelli, Giovanni Sotgiu, Laura Saderi, Massimo Federici, Giuseppe Sangiorgi, Matilde Zamboni, Allegra Rosa Martelli, Giancarlo Accarino, Giuseppe Bianco, Francesco Bonanno, Umberto Marcello Bracale, Enrico Cappello, Giovanni Cioffi, Giovanni Colacchio, Adolfo Crinisio, Salvatore De Vivo, Carlo Patrizio Dionisi, Loris Flora, Giovanni Impedovo, Francesco Intrieri, Luca Iorio, Gabriele Maritati, Piero Modugno, Mario Monaco, Giuseppe Natalicchio, Vincenzo Palazzo, Fernando Petrosino, Francesco Pompeo, Raffaele Pulli, Davide Razzano, Maurizio Ruggero Ruggieri, Carlo Ruotolo, Paolo Sangiuolo, Gennaro Vigliotti, Pietro Volpe, Antonella Biello, Pietro Boggia, Michelangelo Boschetti, Enrico Maria Centritto, Flavia Condò, Lucia Cucciolillo, Amodio Salvatore D'Amodio, Mario De Laurentis, Claudio Desantis, Daniela Di Lella, Giovanni Di Nardo, Angelo Disabato, Ilaria Ficarelli, Angelo Gasparre, Antonio Nicola Giordano, Alessandro Luongo, Mafalda Massara, Vincenzo Molinari, Andrea Padricelli, Marco Panagrosso, Anna Petrone, Serena Pisanello, Roberto Prunella, Michele Tedesco, Alberto Maria Settembrini

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Hematology Keywords: COVID-19; carotid stenosis; abdominal aortic aneurysm; chronic limb-threatening ischemia; amputation; deep venous thrombosis

Online: 16 June 2022 (04:40:54 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0164.v1

STEMI Patients in the First and Second Wave of Covid-19 Pandemic in Northeast Slovenia – A Retrospective, Single Center Observational Study

Andreja Sinkovic, Manja Krasevec, David Šuran, Martin Marinšek

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: ST-elevation myocardial infarction; Covid-19 pandemic; time delay; primary percutaneous cor-onary intervention; heart failure; mortality

Online: 12 July 2022 (03:33:22 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0319.v2

Factors Associated with Mortality Among Elderly People in the COVID-19 Pandemic (SARS-CoV-2): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Vicente Alves, Francine Casemiro, Bruno Araujo, Marcos Lima, Rayssa Oliveira, Fernanda Fernandes, Ana Vitória Gomes, Dario Gregori

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Other Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; Non-Communicable Chronic Diseases (NCCDs); Clinical features; Institucionalized or hospitalized elderly; meta-analisys.

Online: 1 July 2021 (11:21:00 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Are Models Useful? Reflections on Simple Epidemic Projection Models and the Covid-19 Pandemic

Marc Artzrouni

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Applied Mathematics Keywords: epidemic model; covid

Online: 7 July 2020 (08:51:10 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0736.v1

Comparison of Health Awareness in South Korean Middle School Students According to Type of Online Physical Education Classes During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Jung-In Yoo, Joung-Kyue Han, Hyun-Su Youn, Joo-Hyug Jung

Subject: Social Sciences, Education Keywords: middle school students, health perception, importance-performance analysis (IPA), online physical education class types, COVID-19

Online: 31 May 2021 (10:41:19 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

COVID-19 Evolves in Human Hosts

Yanni Liu, Bing Liu, Jiangtao Cui, Zhi Wang, Yulong Shen, Yueshen Xu, Kaicheng Yao, Yuanfang Guan, Xiaoke Ma

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: COVID-19; divergence

Online: 21 July 2020 (13:46:45 CEST)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0269.v1

A Case of HIV and Clinical Confirmed COVID-19

Cansu Ozgen, Ulku Arslan, Simay Serin, Hulya Sungurtekin

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Clinical Medicine Keywords: HIV; COVID-19

Online: 21 June 2020 (11:59:21 CEST)

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Preprint SHORT NOTE | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0077.v4

The Ongoing COVID-19 Epidemic Curves Indicate Initial Point Spread in China With Log-Normal Distribution of New Cases per Day With a Predictable Last Date of the Outbreak Version 4: Predictions for Selected European Countries, USA and the World as a Whole and Try to Predict the End of the Outbreak Including a Discussion of a Possible “New Normal”

Stefan Olsson, Jing Zhang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: epidemiology; COVID-19

Online: 19 April 2020 (08:15:10 CEST)

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During an epidemic outbreak it is useful for planners and responsible authorities to be able to plan ahead to estimate when an outbreak of an epidemic is likely to ease and when the last case can be predicted in their area of responsibility. Theoretically this could be done for a point source epidemic using epidemic curve forecasting. The extensive data now coming out of China makes it possible to test if this can be done using MS Excel a standard spreadsheet program available to most offices. The available data is divided up for whole China and the different provinces. This and the high number of cases makes the analysis possible. Data for new confirmed infections for Hubei, Hubei outside Wuhan, China excluding Hubei as well as Zhejiang and Fujian provinces all follow a log-normal distribution that can be used to make a rough estimate for the date of the last new confirmed cases in respective areas. In the version 2 continuation work, 9 additional days were added for the Chinese data to evaluate the previous predictions. The extra data then available from China follows the previous predicted trend supporting the usefulness of this simple technique. In the version 2 we also tested the feasibility for a non-specialist to make similar predictions using additional data from S Korea now available. In this third continuation the predictions for Version 2 are evaluated for S Korea and fits well the beginning of the decline but it seems to be difficult to bring down numbers of cases per day under about 100 new cases per day, potential reasons for this is discussed. To further evaluate when in a prediction becomes reliable the Chinese data was used to evaluate to make predictions for each day around the peak in number of cases and after2-3 consecutive days of decreasing new cases per day the prediction becomes reliable. In version 3 data for Italy just reaching this point was used to make further predictions for that country. A second new analysis was also added to use the fitted equation to detect when the acceleration of new cases per day stopped increasing exponentially. In the Chinese case this measured point coincides with the date of the complete Hubei lockdown and in the new Italian analysis it coincides with the mandatory Italian lockdown. Predicted dates for the end of the Italian outbreak is also added. In version 4 we expand the analysis to selected European countries, USA and the World as a whole and try to predict the end of the outbreak. We further discuss the apparent success of the used techniques that might work to introduce a “new normal” not very different to the previous to stop secondary outbreaks of COVID19 and future COVIDs that are sure to come.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0049.v1

Bikeshare Interactions with Other Transportation Modes During the COVID Pandemic

Jianhe Du, Hesham Rakha

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: Bikeshare; COVID; interaction of multiple modes

Online: 5 September 2022 (07:48:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0200.v1

SARS-CoV-2-Specific Immune Responses in Vaccination and Infection during the Pandemic in 2020–2022

Wakana Inoue, Yuta Kimura, Shion Okamoto, Takuto Nogimori, Akane Sakaguchi-Mikami, Takuya Yamamoto, Yasuko Tsunetsugu-Yokota

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Other Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; infection and vaccination; serum and saliva; RBD and N-specific; IgG and IgA; T-cell responses

Online: 5 February 2024 (03:43:25 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1613.v1

Vaccination and Patient Status of Long COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients: A Cohort Observational Study

Simona Kirbiš, Nina Sobotkiewicz, Barbara Antolinc Schaubach, Jernej Završnik, Peter Kokol, Matej Završnik, Helena Blažun Vošner

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: long -COVID-19 syndrome; vaccination; comorbidities; COVID-19 pneumonia; observational

Online: 23 January 2024 (07:14:37 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.2032.v1

Radiological and Functional Pulmonary Evolution in Post-COVID-19 Patients: An Observational Study

Virgínia Maria Cavallari Strozze Catharin, Tereza Laís Menegucci Zutin, ELEN LANDGRAF GUIGUER, ADRIANO CRESSONI ARAÚJO, Lucas Fornari Laurindo, EDUARDO CHAGAS, Cássia Fernanda Gasparotti Zorzetto, PATRÍCIA BUENO, Manoela Dos Santos Bueno, Vitor Cavallari Strozze Catharin, HERON FERNANDO DE SOUZA GONZAGA, Sandra Maria Barbalho

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: COVID-19; post-COVID-19; pulmonary manifestations; spirometry; chest tomography.

Online: 28 July 2023 (12:48:47 CEST)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0305.v1

COVID-19 Mitigation in a K-12 School Setting: A Case Study of Avenues: The World School in New York City

Ananya Iyengar, Steve Hanon, Richard Bruns, Paula Olsiewski, Gigi Gronvall

Subject: Social Sciences, Education Keywords: COVID-19 mitigation, education, indoor air quality, COVID-19 testing

Online: 16 March 2023 (11:16:45 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0414.v2

All-Cause Mortality According to COVID-19 Vaccination Status: an analysis of the UK Office for National Statistics Public Data

Marco Alessandria, Giovanni Malatesta, Giovanni Di Palmo, Marco Cosentino, Alberto Donzelli

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: COVID-19; COVID-19 vaccinations; all-cause mortality; Standardized Mortality Ratio

Online: 17 June 2024 (07:57:23 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0415.v1

Knowledge Levels of Acceptance and Hesitancy of COVID-19 Vaccine Among General Population of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Adi Essam Zarei, Bayan Sajer, Feda Alharshani, Afrah Alshehri, Lamar Faidah, Wafa Alshehri

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: COVID-19; Coronavirus; Vaccine hesitancy; COVID-19 Vaccine; Saudi Arabia

Online: 31 May 2022 (09:22:49 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0416.v1

Science’s Response to COVID-19

Yimon Aye, Marcus Long

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; CoVID-19 Dignosis; CoVID-19 Chemistry & Biology

Online: 16 March 2021 (11:54:28 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0275.v1

Analysis of the Primary Presenting Symptoms and Hematological Findings of COVID-19 Patients in Bangladesh

Abu Taiub Mohammed Mohiuddin Chowdhury, Md Rezaul Karim, H.M. Hamidullah Mehedi, Mohammad Shahbaz, Md Wazed Chowdhury, Guo Dan, Shuixiang He

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Hematology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; real-time RT-PCR; COVID-19 symptoms; COVID-19 hematological findings; Bangladesh

Online: 21 June 2020 (14:47:03 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0500.v1

A Deep Analysis on the Impact and Statistics of Covid-19 in Kerala, India – A Meta-Analysis Study

Merin Dickson, Anjana Abhilash, Gayathri G Menon, Sapna Chandran

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: COVID-19; impact on society during COVID-19; behavioral impact of COVID-19; government policies against COVID-19; measures adopted by the government; COVID-19 Statistics; Infection rate and Data analysis

Online: 21 September 2020 (11:09:11 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0037.v1

Hygiene Behavior in Face of the Corona Pandemic: Compliance Rates and Associations With Fear, SARS-COV-2 risk, Mental Health and Disability

Sonia Lippke, Franziska M. Keller, Christina Derksen, Lukas Kötting, Alina Dahmen

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Psychiatry And Mental Health Keywords: COVID-19; disability; risk factors; communication; medical rehabilitation; psychosomatic patients; general public; infection; physical health; psychological health

Online: 2 September 2021 (12:08:42 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0675.v1

A Different Perspective on SARS-Cov-2 Pandemic: Data, Outcomes and Demographic Analysis of a Study Conducted at General Hospital Ninh Thuan Province in Vietnam in 2022

Thach Huy Le, Mario G. Balzanelli, Thanh Van Le, Thang le Quoc, Dung Do Thuy, Pietro Distratis, Rita Lazzaro, Raffaele Del Prete, Francesco Triggiano, Ciro Isacco Gargiulo, Francesco Inchingolo, Vittoriana De Laurentiis, Luigi Santacroce, Kieu Cao Diem Nguyen

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; socio-demographic analysis; Ferritin; Lymphocytes; General hospital Ninh Thuan province

Online: 9 June 2023 (06:15:27 CEST)

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