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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0023.v1

A Case-Control Study on Risk Factors for Visceral Leishmaniasis in West Pokot County, Kenya

Norbert van Dijk, Jane Carter, David Kiptanui, Petra F Mens, Henk D F H Schallig

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: visceral leishmaniasis; risk factors; sandfly; Kenya; case-control study

Online: 1 November 2023 (05:23:53 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1291.v1

Occupational Risk Factors for Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Workers in Dairy Diversification

Fabien Buisseret, Nicolas Draye, Camille Di Santo, Jocelyn Pacewicz, Johanna Pannetier, Frédéric Dierick, Frédéric Telliez

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: Dairy products; Farming diversification; Musculoskeletal disorders; Pain; Risk analysis

Online: 19 October 2023 (16:45:14 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.1845.v1

Machine Learning Applications to Identify Young Offenders Using Data from Cognitive Function Test

María Claudia Bonfante, Juan Contreras Montes, Mariana Pino, Ronald Ruiz, Gabriel González

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning Keywords: cognitive functions; machine learning; feature selection; violence risk assessment

Online: 28 September 2023 (03:08:34 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0847.v1

Climate Change in the Grand Lomé Region of Togo: Perception of Impacts on Health Systems

Piniouwe Andje, Tossou Atchrimi, Kossi Komi

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: Impacts; climate change; risk perception; health system; Greater Lomé

Online: 13 September 2023 (16:22:05 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0218.v1

Investigation of Risk Factors Affecting Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Children

Yusuf Elgormus, Omer Okuyan, Seyma Dumur, Ugurcan Sayili, Hafize Uzun

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: children; risk factors; vitamin B12; homocysteine; folic acid; ferritin

Online: 5 September 2023 (03:41:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0102.v1

Comparison of Surgical Risk Scores in a European Cohort of Patients with Advanced Chronic Liver Disease

Lidia Canillas, Amalia Pelegrina, Elena Colominas-González, Aina Salis, Cesar J. Enríquez-Rodríguez, Xavier Duran, Antonia Caro, Juan Álvarez, Jose A Carrión

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Gastroenterology And Hepatology Keywords: Cirrhosis; Advanced Chronic Liver Disease; Surgery; Postoperative risk; Mortality

Online: 4 September 2023 (07:24:16 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1837.v1

Colorectal Cancer: From Risk Factors to Oncogenesis

Vlad Alexandru Ionescu, Gina Gheorghe, Nicolae Bacalbasa, Alexandru Laurentiu Chiotoroiu, Camelia Diaconu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Life Sciences Keywords: colorectal cancer; risk factors; oncogenesis; lifestyle; gut microbiota; prognosis

Online: 28 August 2023 (08:44:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0947.v1

Machine Learning for Credit Risk Prediction: A Systematic Literature Review

Jomark Pablo Noriega, Luis Antonio Rivera, Jose Alfredo Herrera

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Computer Science Keywords: loan; credit risk; prediction; machine learning; systematic literature review

Online: 11 August 2023 (13:26:43 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0901.v1

Enhancing Cyber Security in Organisations by Establishing Attributes Towards Achieving Cyber Resilience

Thavaselvi Munusamy, Touraj Khodadadi, Mazdak Zamani

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Security Systems Keywords: cyber resilience; cyber security; cyber risk; cyberattack; cyber domains

Online: 11 August 2023 (05:30:17 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.2014.v1

Should Selection of the Optimum Stochastic Mortality Model Be Based on the Original or the Logarithmic Scale of the Mortality Rate?

Miguel Santolino

Subject: Business, Economics And Management, Econometrics And Statistics Keywords: Longevity risk; stochastic mortality models; Lee-Carter; model selection

Online: 28 July 2023 (12:31:25 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.1386.v1

Analysis on the Characteristics of Typical Forest Fire Weather Index in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei-Shanxi Region

Fan Li, Quan Ying Cheng

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Forest fire risk; weather index; Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei-Shanxi

Online: 20 July 2023 (07:15:49 CEST)

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In the overall context of national eco-conservation civilization development and considering the hills in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei-Shanxi region, the local forest coverage rate is gradually on the rise, and so is the risk of forest fire. Every year, satellites can monitor and detect hundreds of fire spots on average. In recent years, serious fire took place for several times, leading to loss of life and personal injury. Then the fire-fighting work consumed huge amount of labor and material resources, exerting negative social impacts in many ways. Thus, the analysis of fire climate background in this region and the forecast based on fire weather indexes constitute an important part in the forest fire risk management. Located in the tropical monsoon climate zone, four provinces and municipalities of Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei and Shanxi are similar in terms of climate characteristics. This study tries to analyze the characteristics about fire spots under satellite monitoring, fire climate and fire weather index. The probability distribution analysis of weather index about fire spots in history and key meteorological observation stations as well as the weather index analysis in the early stage of typical fire indicate that the Fine Fuel Moisture Content (FFMC) and the Initial Spread Index (ISI) in the Fire Weather Index (FWI) system is applicable to the fire risk analysis in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei-Shanxi region, which can also effectively indicate the fuel moisture and spread conditions. As regards to the average level in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei-Shanxi, when the FFMC is smaller than 93.5 and the ISI is also smaller than 5.0, there is a low risk of fire; when the FFMC is above 94 and the ISI is larger than 10.0, there is a high risk of fire; and the fire risk will be extremely high if the FFMC is over 96 and the ISI is above 13.0. In the practical fire-fighting management, the fire danger class can be released in reference to the ISI classes and threshold values of key meteorological observation stations under analysis provided by this study.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0812.v1

The Health Status of the U.S. Veteran Post COVID: A Longitudinal Analysis (2011-2021) Utilizing the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) Data

Jose A. Betancourt, Diane M. Dolezel, Ramalingam Shanmugam, Gerardo J. Pacheco, Paula Stigler Granados, Lawrence V. Fulton

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Health Policy And Services Keywords: U.S. Veteran health; Comorbidities; Risk-factors; Military readiness; COVID

Online: 12 June 2023 (09:32:26 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0638.v1

A Hybrid Approach for Quantitative Analysis of Fire Hazards in Enclosed Vehicle Spaces on Ro-ro Passenger Ships

Junzhong Bao, Zhijie Bian, Bitong Li, Yan Li, Yuguang Gong

Subject: Engineering, Transportation Science And Technology Keywords: Risk analysis; Fire hazards; Bayesian network; Ro-ro spaces

Online: 8 June 2023 (10:58:05 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0335.v1

Prognostic Factors in Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma: Analysis of a Nationwide Molecularly/Immunohistochemically Confirmed Cohort of 57 Cases

Tess Tomassen, Yvonne M H Versleijen-jonkers, Melissa H S Hillebrandt-roeffen, Patricia H J Van Cleef, Thijs Van Dalen, Marije E Weidema, Ingrid M E Desar, Uta Flucke, Joost M Van Gorp

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma; Aggressive; Malignant; Prognosis; Risk stratification; Lymph node

Online: 5 June 2023 (14:26:22 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1891.v1

Evaluation of a Ground Subsidence Zone in an Urban Area Using Geophysical Methods

Lara De Giorgi, Dora Francesca Barbolla, Chiara Torre, Stefano Settembrini, Giovanni Leucci

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Geophysics And Geology Keywords: GPR; ERT; urban area; ground subsidence risk; limestone cavity

Online: 26 May 2023 (08:19:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1532.v1

Hierarchical Model-Based Deep Reinforcement Learning For Single-Asset Trading

Adrian Millea

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning Keywords: deep reinforcement learning; trading; clustering; hierarchy; prediction; risk; bitcoin

Online: 22 May 2023 (16:24:21 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0390.v1

Prospective Evaluation of the Weekend Effect on Mortality Outcomes in Aortic Dissection

Cosmin Banceu, Marius Harpa, Klara Brinzaniuc, Nicolae Neagu, Dan Alexandru Szabo, Diana Banceu, Marvin Oprean, Hussam Al Husseim, Daiana Cristutiu, Alexandru Antoniu Stan, Marius Neamtu Halic, Horatiu Suciu

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: aortic dissection outcome; weekend effect; aortic dissection risk factor

Online: 22 March 2023 (03:29:20 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0145.v1

Liver Function in Patients Up to 20 Months of Long COVID: A Cross-Sectional Study

Igor Costa de Lima, Daniel Carvalho de Menezes, Juliana Hiromi Emin Uesugi, Cléa Nazaré Carneiro Bichara, Pedro Fernando da Costa Vasconcelos, Juarez Antônio Simões Quaresma, Luiz Fábio Magno Falcão

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: COVID-19; post COVID; liver; aspartate aminotransferase; risk factors

Online: 8 February 2023 (10:47:25 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0375.v1

An Entropic Approach for Pair Trading in PSX

Tanweer Ul Islam, Laiba Amer

Subject: Business, Economics And Management, Business And Management Keywords: Pair Trading; Model uncertainty; Model risk; Optimal boundary; PSX

Online: 21 December 2022 (02:44:09 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0408.v1

Obesity Risk Factor Variation Based on Islands Cluster: A Secondary Analysis of Indonesian Basic Health Research 2018

Sri Astuti Thamrin, Dian Sidik Arsyad, Hedi Kuswanto, Armin Lawi, Andi Imam Arundhana

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: Indonesia; islands cluster; multiple logistic regression; obesity; risk factor

Online: 27 January 2022 (06:53:58 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0064.v1

Study Designs for Evaluation of Combination Treatment: Focus On Individual Patient Benefit

Martin C. Michel, David Staskin

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacology And Toxicology Keywords: combination treatment; monotherapy; clinical trial design; benefit/risk assessment

Online: 6 January 2022 (10:14:10 CET)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0006.v1

Can System Logs Enhance the Performance of Credit Scoring? – Evidence from an Internet Bank in Korea

Sunghyun Kyeong, Daehee Kim, Jinho Shin

Subject: Business, Economics And Management, Econometrics And Statistics Keywords: Credit scoring; Credit risk model; Big data; Digital footprints

Online: 1 October 2021 (11:32:58 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0282.v1

An Assessment of Storm Surge Risk in Coastal Communities in the Rio Grande Valley

Dean Kyne

Subject: Social Sciences, Geography, Planning And Development Keywords: storm surge; coastal region; flooding risk; Rio Grande Valley

Online: 16 September 2021 (11:52:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0524.v1

The Predictive Model of Citizens’ Attitudes About the Risks of Introducing the Death Penalty in the Legal System: A Case Study of Serbia

Vladimir M. Cvetković, Tatjana Bugarski, Branislav Ristivojević, Goran Milošević, Jovana Martinović

Subject: Social Sciences, Law Keywords: death penalty; legal system; risk; citizens; predictive model; Serbia

Online: 27 August 2021 (13:59:11 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0527.v1

Fate of Surgical Patients with Small Nonfunctioning Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: An International Study Using Multi-Institutional Registries

In Woong Han, Jangho Park, Eun Young Park, So Jeong Yoon, Gang Jin, Dae Wook Hwang, Kuirong Jiang, Wooil Kwon, Xuefeng Xu, Jin Seok Heo, Delinag Fu, Woo-Jung Lee, Xueli Bai, Yoo-Seok Yoon, Yinmo Yang, Keun Soo Ahn, Chunhui Yuan, Hyeon Kook Lee, Bei Sun, Eun Kyu Park, Seung Eun Lee, Sunghwa Kang, Wen hui Lou, Sang-Jae Park

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Nonfunctioning neuroendocrine tumor of pancreas; Prognosis; Resection; Risk factors

Online: 23 July 2021 (08:07:47 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0073.v1

Risk Prediction of Second Primary Endometrial Cancer in Obese Women: A Hospital-based Cancer Registry Study

Chi-Chang Chang, Chun-Chia Chen, Chalong Cheewakriangkrai, Ying Chen Chen, Shun-Fa Yang

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: second primary cancers (SPCs); endometrial cancer (EC); risk prediction.

Online: 2 July 2021 (15:54:58 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0173.v1

River Flows are a Reliable Index of Forest Fire Risk in the Temperate Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area, Australia

David MJS Bowman, Grant J Williamson

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: fire risk; forest fire; ecohydrology; Eucalyptus forest; temperate rainforest

Online: 4 March 2021 (18:17:00 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0779.v1

Risk Factors for Social Isolation Among Older Adults in Long Term Care: A Scoping Review

Sheila A. Boamah, Rachel Weldrick, Tin-Suet Joan Lee, Nicole Taylor

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Social isolation; risk factors; older adults; long-term care

Online: 31 December 2020 (09:24:17 CET)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Respiratory Virus Infection Is A High-risk Factor for Developing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

MIngyue Chen, Wenxiu Wang, JIng Yu, Zhou Wang, Xiaofeng Zheng, Mingshu Han, Youwei Zhang, LEi Zhang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: COVID-19; influenza; SARS-CoV-2; ACE2; risk factor

Online: 16 October 2020 (11:49:13 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0430.v1

Determination of Risk Factors Associated With Walking Disorders After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Surgery With Hamstring Graft : A Controlled Multicenter Study

Marine Gaignon, Jean Mazeas, Maude Traullé, Amaury Vandebrouck, Pascal Duffiet, Louis Ratte, Florian Forelli

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Orthopedics And Sports Medicine Keywords: anterior cruciate ligament; gait disorder; gait analysis; risk factors

Online: 18 September 2020 (11:17:01 CEST)

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Today, rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament is the most common heavy injury in athletes, but it can also occur in sedentary subjects. Its treatment, always adapted to the lifestyle, age and will of the patient, often remains surgical. However, despite its frequency and universality, there are still walking disorders following the operation. These disorders sometimes persist for several months, or even several years after surgery. The present study is therefore interested in determining the risk factors linked to walking disorders following reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament. The objective of this study is to determine what risk factors associated with walking disorders are after reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament by hamstring graft. This study focused on factors that may exist at 3 and 6 months postoperatively. Two populations participated in this study, a healthy population and a population having benefited from reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament. The operated test group is divided into two subgroups, one with a postoperative period of 3 months and the second at 6 months. All subjects were subjected to the same protocol, their gait on the treadmill was analyzed and evaluated with an Optogait® analysis system. A univariate analysis was carried out first. Then, a multivariate analysis by adjustment method was carried out in order to eliminate the potential confounding factors. The comparison of the results between the populations in the univariate analysis shows an absence of significant results however there are trends. The statistical results of the multivariate analysis showed interactions in the two subgroups of the operated population.In fact, it turns out that at 3 months there is a tendency to worse gait disorders in subjects with a high BMI reflecting overweight, when an associated surgical procedure has taken place on the meniscus, in subjects over 35 years of age and males. On the other hand, at 6 months, the tendency to worsening is visible only in the strata represented by subjects with a BMI corresponding to overweight, as well as in subjects having benefited from a meniscal suture associated with ACL reconstruction. .The results of the present study show that there are certain factors which tend to increase the risk of these walking disorders after reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament by hamstring graft, these factors are different depending on the time postoperative.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0184.v1

Perspectives on Adversarial Classification

David Rios Insua, Roi Naveiro, Victor Gallego

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Probability And Statistics Keywords: Classification; Adversarial Machine Learning; Security; Robustness; Adversarial Risk Analysis

Online: 8 September 2020 (10:25:28 CEST)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0435.v1

Long-term Use of a Sensory Neuroprosthesis Improves Function in a Patient with Peripheral Neuropathy: a Case Report

Diane Wrisley, Gillian McLean, Jennifer Hill, Lars Oddsson

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: balance; sensory substitution; neuroprosthesis; peripheral neuropathy; fall risk; diabetes

Online: 20 August 2020 (06:06:06 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0536.v1

Hedging Feasibility Perspectives against the COVID-19 for the International Tourism Sector

Angeliki N. Menegaki

Subject: Business, Economics And Management, Economics Keywords: corona-virus; COVID-19; tourism sector; review; risk hedging

Online: 30 April 2020 (14:15:28 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201908.0058.v1

Risk Distribution in Coal Mining: Fighting for Environmental Justice in East Kalimantan, Indonesia

Muhamad Muhdar, Mohamad Nasir, Juli Nurdiana

Subject: Social Sciences, Law Keywords: risk distribution; Mulawarman village; coal mining; environmental justice; Indonesia

Online: 5 August 2019 (08:27:43 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Pluvial Flooding in Utrecht: On Its Way to a Flood-Proof City

Romy C. Brockhoff, Steven H.A. Koop, Karin A.W. Snel

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: citizen engagement; flood risk governance; governance capacity; climate adaptation

Online: 28 May 2019 (12:27:39 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Developing a BIM-Based Framework for Supplier Selection in Prefabrication

Linlin Zhao, Zhansheng Liu, Huirong Zhang, Jasper Mbachu

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: risk assessment; BIM; supply chain management; prefabricated construction products

Online: 19 March 2019 (13:07:57 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0168.v2

Evaluation of the Structure of Urban Stormwater Pipe Network Using Drainage Density

Jinwoo Lee, GUNHUI CHUNG, Heeseong Park, Innjoon Park

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: urban floods, stormwater pipe network, drainage density, flood risk

Online: 18 July 2018 (09:27:47 CEST)

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In mega cities such as Seoul in South Korea, it is very important to protect the city from the flooding even for the short time of period due to the enormous amount of economic damage. In impervious area of the city, stormwater pipe network is commonly applied to discharge rainfall to the outside of catchment. Therefore, the stormwater pipe network in urban catchment should be carefully designed to discharge the runoff quickly and efficiently. In this study, different types of structures in stormwater pipe network were evaluated using the relationship between the peaks rainfall and runoff in urban catchments in South Korea. More than 400 historical rainfall events were applied in five urban catchments to estimate peak runoff from different type of network structures. Linear regression analysis was implemented to estimate peak runoffs. The coefficient of determination of the regressions were higher than 0.9 which means the regression model represent very well the relationship between the two peaks. However, the variation of the prediction becomes large as the peak rainfall increases and the variation become even larger when the network structure is branched. Therefore, it depends on the structure of stormwater pipe network. When the water paths in the pipe network is unique (branched network), the increased amount of rainfall is congested around the rainwater inlets and the uncertainty of peak runoff prediction is increased. If there are many possible water paths depending on the amount of discharge (looped network), the increased rainfall is discharged more quickly through the many water paths. This can be a way to represent the reliability of the stormwater pipe network. The structures of stormwater pipe network is evaluated using drainage density which is the length of pipes over the unit catchment area and 95% confidence interval. As a result, the 95% confidence interval is increased as the drainage density is increased because the accuracy of peak runoff prediction is decreased. As mentioned earlier, because the looped networks have many alternative water flowing paths, elimination time of rainfall from the catchments become short, the 95% confidence interval become narrow, and the reliability of peak runoff prediction become high. Therefore, it is beneficial to install looped stormwater pipe network within the affordable budget. It is important factor to determine the amount of complexity in stormwater pipe network to decrease the risk of urban flooding.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201806.0291.v1

Assessment of Coastal Protection Based on Risk Maps: A Case Study on Yunlin Coast, Taiwan

Wei-Po Huang, Jui-Chan Hsu, Chun-Shen Chen, Chun-Jhen Ye

Subject: Engineering, Marine Engineering Keywords: coastal defense; risk maps; non-engineering measure; coastal vulnerability

Online: 19 June 2018 (10:41:27 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201710.0169.v1

A Longitudinal Approach to Biological Psychiatric Research: The PsyCourse Study

Monika Budde, Heike Anderson-Schmidt, Katrin Gade, Daniela Reich-Erkelenz, Kristina Adorjan, Janos L. Kalman, Fanny Senner, Sergi Papiol, Till F. M. Andlauer, Ashley L. Comes, Eva C. Schulte, Farah Klöhn-Saghatolislam , Anna Gryaznova, Maria Hake, Kim Bartholdi, Laura Flatau, Markus Reitt, Silke Quast, Sophia Stegmaier, Milena Meyers, Barbara Emons, Ida Sybille Haußleiter, Georg Juckel, Vanessa Nieratschker, Udo Dannlowski, Max Schmauß, Jörg Zimmermann, Jens Reimer, Sybille Schulz, Jens Wiltfang, Eva Reininghaus, Ion-George Anghelescu, Volker Arolt, Bernhard T. Baune, Carsten Konrad, Andreas Thiel, Andreas J. Fallgatter, Christian Figge, Martin von Hagen, Manfred Koller, Fabian U. Lang, Moritz E. Wigand, Thomas Becker, Markus Jäger, Detlef E. Dietrich, Sebastian Stierl, Harald Scherk, Carsten Spitzer, Here Folkerts, Stephanie H. Witt, Franziska Degenhardt, Andreas J. Forstner, Marcella Rietschel, Markus M. Nöthen, Peter Falkai, Thomas G. Schulze, Urs Heilbronner

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Psychiatry And Mental Health Keywords: Schizophrenia; bipolar; psychosis; depression; polygenic risk score; diagnosis; RDoC

Online: 27 October 2017 (11:58:11 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201705.0162.v1

CDS Rate Construction Methods by Machine Learning Techniques

Raymond Brummelhuis, Zhongmin Luo

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Information Systems Keywords: machine learning; Counterparty Credit Risk; CDS Proxy construction; classification

Online: 22 May 2017 (08:21:59 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1592.v1

A Review of the Study Designs and Statistical Methods Used in the Determination of Predictors of Melioidosis Mortality in Malaysia: 2010–2021

Kamaruddin Mardhiah

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: Study design; statistical methods; melioidosis; infectious disease; mortality; risk factors; prognostic factors; predictors

Online: 21 December 2023 (13:01:45 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0054.v1

Factors Associated with Perception of Risk and Knowledge of Contracting the Novel COVID-19 among Adults in Bangladesh: Analysis of Online Surveys

Tanvir Abir, Nazmul Ahsan Kalimullah, Uchechukwu Levi Osuagwu, Dewan Muhammad Nur -A Yazdani, Abdullah Al Mamun, Taha Husain, Palash Basak, P. Yukthamarani Permarupan, Kingsley Agho

Subject: Social Sciences, Cognitive Science Keywords: COVID-19; Knowledge; Perception of Risk; Pandemic Outbreak; Disease Control; Cross-sectional Study

Online: 5 July 2020 (08:10:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1964.v1

Source Apportionment and Risk Assessment of Potentially Toxic Elements Based on PCA and PMF Model in Black Soil Area of Hailun City, Northeast China

Zhiwei Yang, Junbo Yu, Ke Yang, Qipeng Zhang, Yangyang Chen, Shaozhong Qiao

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: potentially toxic elements; PCA; PMF; source apportionment; risk assessment; black soil; Hailun City; Northeast China

Online: 27 August 2024 (13:48:02 CEST)

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Soil potentially toxic elements (PTEs) pollution in black soil is of significant concern in China. However, research is scarce regarding the current status, ecological risk, and human health risk of PTEs in the black soil area of northeast China. In our study, 304 soil samples (0-20 cm) were collected in Gonghe Town, Hailun City. The pollution degree and spatial distribution patterns of soil PTEs were analyzed by using the single-factor pollution index (PI) and the Nemerow pollution index (NPI). The source apportionment of PTEs was carried out by combining correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and positive matrix factorization (PMF) methods. Meanwhile, the potential ecological risk (RI) and the human health risk (HI) associated with soil contamination from various sources were evaluated through the RI and the HI. The results demonstrated that the average content (mean ± standard deviation) of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn were 11.16 ± 1.32 mg/kg, 0.11 ± 0.04 mg/kg, 65.29 ± 3.46 mg/kg, 22.56 ± 1.32 mg/kg, 0.03 ± 0.01 mg/kg, 27.07 ± 1.46 mg/kg, 26.09 ± 2.84 mg/kg, and 66.01 ± 4.52 mg/kg, respectively. The overall PTEs in the study area exhibited slight pollution levels. The PCA and PMF model source apportionment was validated against each other to yield four sources, which were natural source (33.2%), irrigation source (29.5%), traffic source (23.4%), and fertilizer source (13.2%). The overall RI in the study area was determined to be at the level of slight ecological risk. The non-carcinogenic risk of PTEs to children and adults was ignored, and the carcinogenic risk was at an acceptable level. The comprehensive analysis of PTEs, pollutant sources, RI, and HI concluded that the fertilizer source should be the primary control source, with Cd identified as the first control PTE. The irrigation source and the traffic source were identified as the secondary control sources, with As, Pb, and Hg identified as the secondary control PTEs. This study revealed the status, risks, and sources of PTEs in black soils and provided a scientific basis of PTEs control for policymakers.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0205.v1

Modelling the Origin, Fate, and Ecological and Health Impacts of Heavy Metals from an Abandoned Mercury Mine in a Paradise Island in the Philippines

Reymar R. Diwa, Custer C. Deocaris, Lhevy D. Geraldo, Lawrence P. Belo

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: heavy metals; abandoned mine; soil pollution; potential ecological risk; multivariate analysis; health index; soil; sediments

Online: 15 March 2022 (10:58:46 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.2001.v1

Comparison Between Post-Fire Analysis and Pre-Fire Risk Assessment Produced from Various Geospatial Data

Cumhur Güngöroğlu, İrem İsmailoğlu, Bekir Kapukaya, Orkan Ozcan, Mustafa Yanalak, Nebiye Musaoğlu

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Remote Sensing Keywords: forest fire; remote sensing; risk assessment; burnt analysis; fuzzy analytic hierarchy
process (FAHP)

Online: 26 December 2023 (14:31:29 CET)

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Abstract: Wildfires in forest ecosystems exert substantial ecological, economic, and social impacts. The effectiveness of fire management hinges on precise pre‐fire risk assessments to inform mitigation efforts. This study aims to investigate the relationship between predictions from pre‐fire risk assessments and outcomes observed through post‐fire burn severity analyses. In this study, forest fire risk was assessed with the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process, in which fire behavior factors were used as input. The degree of burn was determined using the Random Forest method using 11519 training points and 400 test points on Sentinel‐2 satellite images in three different classes. According to the results obtained from 266 selected test points located within the forest boundaries, all primary factors showed an increased effect in areas with high burn severity. Climate, in particular, emerged as the most influential factor, accounting for 52% of the overall impact. However, in cases of high fire severity, climate proved to be the most effective risk factor, ac‐counting for 67%. It followed by topography with 50% accuracy at high fire intensity. In the risk assessment is based on the FAHP method, climate was assigned the highest weight value among other factors with 32.2%. Topography emerged as the second most effective risk factor with 27 %. To evaluate the results more comprehensively both visually and statistically, two regions with different stand canopy characteristics were selected within the study area. While high burn severity had the highest accuracy in Case 1 area, moderate burn severity had the highest in Case 2 area. During the days when the fire continued, the direction of spread was obtained from MODIS images. In this way, the fire severity depending on the direction of fire progression was also interpreted. Through an analysis of various case studies and existing literature, the research underscores both the strengths and limitations inherent in predicting forest fire behavior‐based pre‐fire risk assessments. Furthermore, it emphasizes the necessity of continuous improvement to increase the success of forest fire management.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0551.v1

Serum Magnesium Levels in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnoea: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Zahraa Al Wadee, Soo Liang Ooi, Sok Cheon Pak

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Food Science And Technology Keywords: Obstructive sleep apnoea; intermittent airway obstruction; sleep disorder; magnesium; micronutrient deficiency; metabolic risk factor

Online: 30 August 2021 (15:47:33 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0158.v1

Cold Brew Coffee – Pilot Studies on Definition, Extraction, Consumer Preference, Chemical Characterization and Microbiological Hazards

Linda Claassen, Maximilian Rinderknecht, Theresa Porth, Julia Röhnisch, Hatice Yasemin Seren, Andreas Scharinger, Vera Gottstein, Daniela Noack, Steffen Schwarz, Gertrud Winkler, Dirk W. Lachenmeier

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Analytical Chemistry Keywords: coffee; cold brew; nitro cold brew; roasting; extraction; hygiene; risk assessment; NMR; sensory analysis

Online: 4 March 2021 (12:29:53 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0370.v1

Radiation Protection Legislation and Sustainable Development of a Rural Green-Tuff Village of Ischia Island

Giuseppe La Verde, Vittoria D'Avino, Carlo Sabbarese, Fabrizio Ambrosino, Vincenzo Roca, Adelaide Raulo, Mariagabriella Pugliese

Subject: Physical Sciences, Applied Physics Keywords: building materials; rural architecture; Ischia Island; radiological characterization; radon; radiological risk assessment; sustainable buildings

Online: 17 September 2020 (04:16:06 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.0543.v1

Willingness to Pay for Agricultural Soil Quality Protection and Improvement

Francisco José Areal

Subject: Business, Economics And Management, Economics Keywords: soil quality; willingness to pay; contingent valuation; sustainable land management; uncertainty; risk preferences; time preferences

Online: 8 July 2024 (15:16:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202001.0162.v1

The Impact of Risk Factors Reduction Scenarios on Hospital Admissions, Disability-Adjusted Life Years and the Hospitalisation Cost of Cardiovascular Disease in Thailand

Khaled Khatab, Rungkren Inthavong, Malcolm Whitfield, Karen Collins, Mubarak Ismail, Maruf Raheem

Subject: Business, Economics And Management, Econometrics And Statistics Keywords: cardiovascular disease (CVD); Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs); cost of admission; risk factors

Online: 16 January 2020 (09:05:32 CET)

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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is considered to be one of the leading health issues in Thailand. CVD not only contributes to an increase in the number of hospital admissions year on year but also impacts on the rising health care expenditure for the treatment and long-term care of CVD patients. Therefore, this study is aimed at examining the impacts of risk reduction strategies on the number of CVD hospital admissions, Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) and the costs of hospitalisation. To estimate such impacts a CVD cost-offset model wasapplied using a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. The number of the mid-year population was classified by age, gender and the CVD risk factor profiles from the recent Thai National Health Examination Survey (NHES) IV. This survey was chosen as the baseline population. The CVD risk factor profiles included age, gender, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, and smoking status. The Asia-Pacific Collaborative Cohort Study (APCCS) equation was applied to predict the probability of developing CVD over the next eight-year period. Estimates on the following were obtained from the model: (1.) the CVD events both fatal and non-fatal; (2.) the difference between the projected number of deaths and the actual number of deaths in that population; (3.) the number of patients who are expected to live with CVD; (4.) the DALYs from the estimated number of fatal and non-fatal events; (5.) the cost of hospital admissions. Four CVD risk strategy scenarios were investigated as follows: (1.) the do nothing scenario; (2.) the optimistic scenario; (3.) achieve the UN millennium development goal; and (4.) the worst-case scenario. The findings showed that over the next eight years there are likely to be 3,297,428 recorded cases of CVD; 5,870,049 cases of DALYs; and, approximately ฿57,000 million, ($1.9 billion), is projected as the total cost of hospital admissions. However, if the current health policy can reduce the levels of risk factors as defined in the optimistic scenario or such policy meets the specifications of the UN millennium development goal,there would be a significant reduction in the number of hospital admissions. These are estimated to be a reduction of 522,179 male and 515,416 female cases. With these results it is expected that health care costs would save approximately ฿9,000 million, ($298.3 million), for CVD and 900,000 million of DALYs over the next eight years. However, if there is an upward trend in the risk factors as predicted in the worst-case scenario, then there will be an increase of 428,220 CVD cases; consequently, DALYs cases may rise by 766,029 while the hospitalisation costs may increase by approximately ฿7,000 million, ($232.1 million). Based on our findings, reducing the levels of CVD risk factors in the population will drastically reduce: (1.) the number of CVD cases; (2.) DALYs cases; and (3.) health care costs. Therefore it is recommended that the health policy should enhance the primary prevention programs which would be targeted at reducing the CVD risk factors in the population.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201711.0152.v1

Pollution Assessment and Health Risk Implication of Human Exposure to Heavy Metals in Road Dusts from Different Functional Areas in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Ibrahim I. Shabbaj, Mansour A. Alghamdi, Magdy Shamy, Salwa K. Hassan, Musaab M. Alsharif, Mamdouh I. Khoder

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: Urban road dust, Functional areas, Heavy metals, Pollution assessment, Health risk assessment, Jeddah

Online: 23 November 2017 (10:20:50 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0239.v1

Frequency of Hepatitis B and C in Relation to Lifestyle and Socio-Demographic Characteristics Among Adults in Lahore

Qaisar Raza, Zunaira Khan, Nayab Fatima, Riffat Aysha Anis

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Gastroenterology And Hepatology Keywords: Frequency of hepatitis; Lifestyle determinants of hepatitis; Risk factors of hepatitis; Socio-demographic determinants of hepatitis

Online: 15 July 2022 (16:00:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.1003.v1

Bacterial Profile, Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern and Associated Risk Factors of Urinary Tract Infection among Reproductive Age Females Attending the Logbaba District Hospital, Douala, Cameroon

Ngwa Fabrice Ambe, Pride Bobga Tanyi, Ekwi Damian Nsongmayi, Ebai Christabel Ashu, Sangwe Bertrand Ngwa, Ngong Judith Nyeme

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: Bacterial profile; Antibiotic susceptibility; reproductive age females; risk factors; Urinary tract infection (UTI)

Online: 18 September 2023 (14:36:21 CEST)

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Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the commonest bacterial infections among reproductive age females. Untreated UTI in reproductive age female is associated with sexual dysfunction, cystitis, pyelonephritis and Pelvic inflammatory disease. At present, the antimicrobial resistance emergency has quadrupled worldwide and poses a serious threat to the treatment of patients. Thus, this study aimed to determine bacterial profile, antibiotic susceptibility pattern and associated risk factors of urinary tract infection among reproductive age females attending the Logbaba District Hospital Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January – July, 2023. Convenient sampling was employed to recruit 259 reproductive age females. Sociodemographic and risk factors information were obtained using a well-structured questionnaire. Mid-stream urine was collected and inoculated on cystine lactose electrolyte deficient media. Isolates were identified using API 20. Antibiotic sensitivity testing was performed using modified kirby-bauer susceptibility testing technique. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to assessed risk factors. A p-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The overall prevalence of UTI among reproductive age females was 82/259 (31.66%). Symptomatic and asymptomatic patients reported a prevalence of 50/121(41.32%) and 32/138 (23.19%), respectively. Ages ranging from 21-30 years (AOR: 2.53 ,95% CI 1.32 – 4.43, p=0.006) and 31 – 40 years (AOR: 0.19 , 95% CI: 0.14- 0.54; p <0.0001), student (AOR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.21 - 2.75; p = 0.010), history of UTI (5.34, 95% CI = 1.86 - 18.15; p = 0.03), symptomatic (AOR = 2.86, 95% CI1.78 - 4.67, p <0.0001) and secondary education (AOR: 0.13, 95% CI 0.08 - 0.32; p<0.0001) were predictors to UTI. Klebsiella Pneumoniae was the most frequent species 27 (32.9%), follow by E coli 22(26.8%), Staphylococcus aureus 16 (19.5%), CONS 8 (9.8%), Proteus mirabilis 6 (7.3 %) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 3(3.7%). Majority of the isolates were sensitive to cefotaxime (87.80%), imipenem (85.7%), vancomycin (79.27%), Ofloxacillin (76.83%), Ceftriaxone (75.61%), Ciprofloxacin (74.39%), Gentamicin (71.95%) and Doxycycline (69.51%), and resistant to Amoxicillin (51.22%), cotrimoxazole (47.56%) and Azithromycin (31.71%) , All the isolates were multidrug drug resistant (100%) and Klebsiella Pneumoniae and E coli were the most multidrug drug resistant species Conclusion: In the present study, the prevalence of urinary tract infection among reproductive age females was high and considerably a high proportion of multidrug resistance was observed. This result will have a significant impact on the selection of appropriate antimicrobial agents for the treatment of urinary tract infection in the study area.

Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0003.v1

Survey on the environmental risks of bisphenol A and its rele-vant regulations in Taiwan: An environmental endo-crine-disrupting chemical of increasing concern

Wen Tien Tsai

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: bisphenol A; endocrine-disrupting chemical; environmental distribution; potential risk; regula-tory countermeasure; Taiwan

Online: 2 August 2023 (04:42:15 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202210.0251.v1

Impact of Prenatal Health Conditions and Health Behaviors in Pregnant Women on Infant Birth Defects in the United States Using CDC-PRAMS 2018 survey.

Girish Shelke, Rochisha Marwaha, Pankil Shah, Suman Challa

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pediatrics, Perinatology And Child Health Keywords: Pregnancy; Birth-defect; National; PRAMS (Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System); Smoking; Diabetes; Depression

Online: 18 October 2022 (05:48:22 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0944.v1

Groundwater Quality Assessment of Manipur, India, and Worldwide Bibliometric Analysis of Research Progress on Groundwater Quality

Rakshita Chaudhary, Nisha Gaur, Mohit Yadav

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: Groundwater; Water Quality Index; Bacteriological Quality; Irrigational indices; Hydro chemical processes; Potential health risk

Online: 14 September 2023 (08:39:26 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0233.v1

Relationship Between ACE I/D Polymorphism and Cardiovascular Mortality Risk in Non-Hemodialyzed Chronic Kidney Disease

Hendri Susilo, Budi Susetyo Pikir, Mochammad Thaha, Mochamad Yusuf Alsagaff, Satriyo Dwi Suryantoro, Citrawati Dyah Kencono Wungu, Ifan Ali Wafa, Cennikon Pakpahan, Delvac Oceandy

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: chronic kidney disease; gene polymorphism; angiotensin-converting enzyme; cardiovascular disease; cardiovascular mortality risk; genotype

Online: 26 April 2022 (10:05:25 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0752.v1

Assessing Combined Effects for Mixtures of Similar and Dissimilar Acting Neuroactive Substances on Zebrafish Embryo Movement

Afolarin Olaposi Ogungbemi, Riccardo Massei, Rolf Altenburger, Stefan Scholz, Eberhard Küster

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Mixture toxicity; Neurotoxicity; Antagonism; Organophosphate; Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors; GABA; Behavior; Risk assessment; Spontaneous movement activity

Online: 31 March 2021 (07:52:05 CEST)

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Risk assessment of chemicals is usually conducted for individual chemicals whereas mixtures of chemical are occurring in the environment. Considering that neuroactive chemicals are a group of contaminants that dominate in the environment, it is then imperative to understand the combined effects from mixtures. The commonly used models to predict mixture effects, namely concentration addition (CA) and independent action (IA), are thought suitable for mixtures of similarly or dissimilarly acting components, respectively. For mixture toxicity prediction, one important challenge is to clarify whether to group neuroactive substances based on similar mechanisms of action, e.g. same molecular target or rather similar toxicological response, e.g. hyper- or hypoactivity (effect direction). We addressed this by using the spontaneous tail coiling (STC) of zebrafish embryos, which represents the earliest observable motor activity in the developing neural network, as a model to elucidate the link between mechanism of action and toxicological response. Two questions were asked: 1.) Can the mixture models CA or IA be used to predict combined effects for neuroactive chemical mixtures when the components share a similar mode of action (i.e. hyper- or hypoativity) but show different mechanism of action? 2.) Will a mixture of chemicals where the components show opposing effect directions result in an antagonistic combined effect? Results indicate that mixture toxicity of chemicals such as propafenone and abamectin as well as chlorpyrifos and hexaconazole that are known to show different mechanisms of action but similar effect directions were predictable using CA and IA models. This could be interpreted with the convergence of effects on the neural level leading to either a collective activation or inhibition of synapses. We also found antagonistic effects for mixtures containing substances with opposing effect direction. Finally, we discuss how the STC may be used to amend risk assessment.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0069.v1

Trends and Patterns of Sexualised Drug Use among HIV-Positive Gay, Bisexual and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men: Insights from a Comprehensive Study in a Major European City - The U-SEX-2 GESIDA 9416 Study

Pablo Ryan, Helen Dolengevich-Segal, Luis Ramos-Ruperto, Alfonso Cabello, Matilde Sanchez-Conde, Jorge Vergas, Jorge Valencia, Guillermo Cuevas, Jose Sanz-Moreno, Javier Curto-Ramos, Javier Pérez-Bootello, Jorge Naharro-Rodriguez, Mar J.F Ollero, Lucio Garcia Fraile, Leire Pérez-Latorre, Otilia Bisbal, Sara De la Fuente, Juan Emilio Losa, Miguel Cervero, Miriam Estebanez, Inés Suarez-Garcia, Alejandra Gimeno, Ignacio Terrancle, Rafael Mican, Alicia González Baeza

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Health Policy And Services Keywords: MSM; trends; high-risk sexual behaviors; HIV; sexualized drug use; chemsex; sexually transmitted infections

Online: 4 September 2023 (02:43:27 CEST)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0633.v1

Desmoid Fibromatosis of the Anterior Abdominal Wall in Pregnancy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Pavol Zubor, Caroline Marie Henriksen, Maren Elvenes Økstad, Erika Cerskuviene, Jozef Visnovsky, Karol Kajo, Kristen Olav Lind

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: benign neoplasm; desmoid tumors; chemotherapy; high-risk pregnancy; delivery; uncommon complications; abdominal discomfort; management

Online: 10 October 2023 (10:45:54 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201701.0015.v1

Risk Assessment for Distribution Systems Using a Developed PEM-Based Method Considering Wind and Photovoltaic Power Distribution

Qingwu Gong, Jiazhi Lei

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: distributed generators; risk assessment; distribution systems; developed PEM-based method; optimal power flow algorithm

Online: 4 January 2017 (07:31:09 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0783.v1

Meteorological and Hydrological Drought Risks under Future Climate and Land Use Land Cover Change Scenarios in the Yellow River Basin

Yunyun Li, Yi Huang, Jingjing Fan, Hongxue Zhang, Yanchun Li, Xuemei Wang, Qian Deng

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Meteorological drought; Hydrological drought; Drought risk prediction; future climate and land use land cover change scenarios

Online: 13 September 2023 (02:41:43 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0381.v1

Bridging the Gap between Theory, Practice, and Policy: A Decision-making Process Based on Public Health Evidence Feasible in Multistage Research on Biology Risk Factors in Poland

Anita Gębska Kuczerowska, Sudakshina Lahiri, Robert Gajda

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Health Policy And Services Keywords: continuous quality improvement; healthcare sector; biology risk control; patient safety; research to practice

Online: 18 August 2020 (10:57:11 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.1211.v1

Functional Copy Number Alterations as Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers in Neuroendocrine Tumors

Hayley Vaughn, Heather Major, Evangeline Kadera, Kendall Keck, Timothy Dunham, Qining Qian, Bartley Brown, Aaron Scott, Andrew M. Bellizzi, Terry Braun, Patrick Breheny, Dawn E Quelle, James R. Howe, Benjamin Darbro

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Other Keywords: Neuroendocrine tumors; functional copy number alterations; fluorescence in situ hybridization; diagnostic biomarkers; risk-stratifying biomarkers

Online: 18 June 2024 (13:29:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0703.v1

Impact of Conization Type, Cone Volume and Dimensions on the Persistence/Recurrence of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia 2–3

Gonzalo Arturo Medina Bueno, María Eulàlia Fernández-Montolí, Jordi Ponce Sebastià, Judith Peñafiel Muñoz

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: uterine cervical dysplasia; clinical efficacy; high-risk human papillomavirus infection; cervical cancer; HPV persistence

Online: 13 October 2023 (07:12:22 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0236.v1

School Based Exercise and Life Style Motivation Intervention (SEAL.MI) on Adolescent's Cardio Vascular Risk Factors and Academic Performance: Catch Them Young

Premalatha Paulsamy, Kalaiselvi Periannan, Vigneshwaran Easwaran, Noohu Abdulla Khan, Vani Manoharan, Krishnaraju Venkatesan, Absar Ahmed Qureshi, Kousalya Prabahar, Geetha Kandasamy, Rajalakshimi Vasudevan, Kumarappan Chidambaram, Ester Mary Pappiya, Kumar Venkatesan, Pranave Sethuraj

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Primary Health Care Keywords: Blood Pressure; Rope Exercise; physical activity; Lifestyle Modification; Adolescents; BMI; Hypertension; Cardiovascular risk factors; Academic Performance

Online: 18 October 2021 (10:21:34 CEST)

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There are evidences of shared biological mechanisms between obesity and hypertension during childhood in the adulthood, and loads of research literatures have proven that, it will cost the economies and health of nations profoundly if neglected. The Prevention and early diagnosis of cardiovascular risk factors such as overweight and hypertension is an essential strategy for control, effective treatment and prevention of its’ complications. The aim of the study is to assess the effect of school based Exercise and Life style Motivation Intervention (SEAL-MI) on adolescent's cardiovascular risk factors and academic performance. An experimental study was conducted among 1005 adolescents - 520 and 485 adolescents were randomly selected for control and study group, respectively. Demographic details and the data related to dietary habits, physical activity and sleep quality were collected by a structured interview questionnaire. The study group adolescents were given the SEAL-MI for six months which includes a school based rope exercise for 45 minutes per day for 5 days a week and a motivation intervention related to dietary habits, physical activity and sleep. Post-test 1 and 2 were done after 3 and 6 months of intervention. The prevalence of overweight among adolescents was 28.73% and prehypertension was 9.26%. Among overweight adolescents, the prevalence of prehypertension was found to be very high (32.25%). In post intervention, there was a significant reduction in weight, BP (p=0.000) and improvement in dietary habits, physical activity, sleep (p=0.000) and academic performance. A significant positive correlation was found between BMI and SBP (p=0.000) and BMI and academic performance (p=0.003). The linear regression analyses revealed that the gender (ß: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.39, 0.81), age (ß: 0.39, 95% CI: 0.17, 0.46), family income (ß: 0.2, 95% CI: 0.41, 0.5), residence (ß: 0.19, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.27) and type of family (ß: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.39, 0.02) had the strongest correlate with the BMI of the adolescents. Also, Mother’s education Mother’s education (ß: 0.35, 95% CI: 0.18, 0.59) had the strongest correlate with the SBP of the adolescents. In contrast, the DBP was negatively persuaded by age (ß: -0.36, 95% CI: 1.54, 0.29) and gender (ß: -0.26, 95% CI: 1.34, 0.12) of the adolescents. Regular practice of rope exercise and lifestyle modification such as diet, physical activity and sleep quality among adolescents prevent and control childhood CVD risk factors like overweight, hypertension. The SEAL-MI may lead to age appropriate development of adolescents and improves their academic performance and quality of life. Giving importance to the adolescents from urban habitat, from affluent nuclear family and catching them young will bring significant change in the disease burden.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1212.v1

Identification of Risk Factors Linked to Diabetic Foot Ulcers from Multimodal Electronic Health Records and Transcriptomics Using Machine Learning

Mario Flores, Anita Omo-Okhuasuyi, Yufang Jin, Yidong Chen, Mahmoud ElHefnawi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Diabetic Foot Ulcer; Electronic Health Records; Machine Learning; Risk Factors; OCHIN Database; Healthcare Analytics

Online: 16 August 2024 (08:41:40 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0868.v1

Dynamic survival risk prognostic model and Genomic Landscape for Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor: A Population-Based, Real-World Study

Sihao Chen, Yi He, Jiao Liu, Ruixin Wu, Menglei Wang, Aishun Jin

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor; LASSO; Random Forest; SEER; COSMIC; Risk prognostic model, Genomic Landscape.

Online: 11 January 2024 (10:12:27 CET)

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Background: Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) is an uncommon and aggressive pediatric central nervous system neoplasm. However, a universal clinical consensus or reliable prognostic evaluation system for this malignancy is lacking. Our study aimed to develop a risk model based on comprehensive clinical data to assist in clinical decision-making. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study by examining data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) repository, spanning 2000 to 2019. The external validation cohort was sourced from the Children's Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, China. To discern independent factors affecting overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS), we applied Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) and Random Forest (RF) regression analyses. Based on these factors, we structured nomogram survival predictions and initiated a dynamic online risk-evaluation system. To contrast survival outcomes among diverse treatments, we used propensity score matching (PSM) methodology. Molecular data with the most common mutations in AT/RT were extracted from the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC) database. Results: The annual incidence of AT/RT showed an increasing trend (APC, 2.86%; 95% CI:0.75-5.01). Our prognostic study included 316 SEER database participants and 27 external validation patients. The entire group had a median OS of 18 months (range 11.5 to 24 months) and median CSS of 21 months (range 11.7 to 29.2). Evaluations involving C-statistics, DCA, and ROC analysis underscored the distinctive capabilities of our prediction model. An analysis via PSM highlighted that individuals undergoing triple therapy (integrating surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy) had discernibly enhanced OS and CSS. The most common mutations of AT/RT identified in the COSMIC database were SMARCB1, BRAF, SMARCA4, NF2, and NRAS. Conclusions: In this study, we devised a predictive model that effectively gauges the prognosis of AT/RT and briefly analyzed its genomic features, which might offer a valuable tool to address existing clinical challenges.

Working Paper ARTICLE

Integrative Approach for Groundwater Pollution Risk Assessment based on Hydrogeological and Socio-economic Conditions in Southwest of Damascus Basin

Nazeer Asmael, Jessica Villanueva, Nicolas Peyraube, Mohamed Baalousha, Frédéric Huneau, Alain Dupuy, Philippe Le Coustumer

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: complex aquifer; karst; hydrogeology; groundwater pollution risk map; integrative approach; water resources management; Syria

Online: 16 March 2021 (09:17:51 CET)

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As for most Mediterranean countries, groundwater is the main resource for irrigation and drinking supply in most parts of Syria, however this resource suffers from mismanagement. In the study area (Northeast of Mt. Hermon), the lack of information makes water management in this area extremely difficult. Assessing groundwater pollution risk is the most essential issue for water resources management, especially in the regions where complex interaction between climate, geology, geomorphology, hydrogeology, water scarcity and water resource mismanagement exist. This complexity leads to significant complication in determining pollution risk of studied system. In the present work, we adopted an Integrative Approach to assess groundwater pollution risk in the study area. This methodology is based on the analysis of hydrogeological characteristic of aquifer system and the available information about socio-economic context and physio-chemical groundwater condition that might affect this system. This approach allowed us to delineate the groundwater pollution risk map based on the analysis of concerning parameters/ indicators. The degree of risk was assessed based as the sum and average of rating of these parameters and indicators for each subarea. Typically, very high pollution risk index was identified over the Quaternary/Neogene horizon, i.e shallow and unconfined aquifer and in the lower part of Jurassic aquifer. In these two parts, the majority of anthropogenic activities are concentrated. Low pollution risk index was found for the outcropping of low permeable Quaternary basalt at the Southern part of the study area. A moderate pollution index was identified for the low/moderate permeability of silt, clay and marly limestone rich horizons of the major part of Neogene aquifer outside of the intersected zones with Quaternary aquifer and for the Paleogene formations. The spatial analysis shows that about 50% of the study area is characterized as being at very high and high pollution risk index. Hence, the overall natural protective capacity of this area is still poor. This study demonstrates the flexibility of the proposed approach to assess groundwater pollution risk in local complex aquifer system characterized by lack of information and data in order to reduce the risk of future groundwater pollution.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1586.v1

Assessment of Emissions and Potential Occupational Exposure to Carbon Monoxide during Biowaste Composting

Karolina Sobieraj, Karolina Giez, Jacek A. Koziel, Andrzej Białowiec

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Waste Management And Disposal Keywords: solid waste management; waste treatment; environmental risk assessment; municipal waste; indoor air quality; gas emissions

Online: 22 June 2023 (09:41:30 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201801.0201.v1

Risk Factors of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase Producing Enterobacteriaceae Occurrence in Farms in Reunion, Madagascar and Mayotte Islands, 2016–2017

Noellie Gay, Alexandre Leclaire, Morgane Laval, Guillaume Miltgen, Mael Jego, Stéphane Ramin, Julien Jaubert, Olivier Belmonte, Eric Cardinale

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: Indian ocean; livestock; Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae; risk factors; CTX-M; enzymes

Online: 22 January 2018 (12:02:53 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0598.v1

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Smoking Among Health Care Workers and Non-Health Care Workers in Zambezi Region, Namibia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Sylvia Kahimbi Mahoto, Kabwebwe Honoré Mitonga, Olanrewaju Oladimeji

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: Zambezi; Health Care Workers; cigarette smoking; Cigarettes; Gender differences; Prevalence; Tobacco use; Vulnerable populations; Risk factors

Online: 23 December 2020 (16:28:15 CET)

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Smoking is a major risk factor for non-communicable diseases and remains a significant public health challenge in many lower- and middle-income countries (LMIC) including Namibia. The purpose of the study was to estimate the prevalence of smoking and its associated risk factors among HCWs and non-HCWs in Zambezi region. An exploratory cross-sectional survey was conducted between March and October 2020 among residents of the eight (8) constituencies of Zambezi region. Four hundred and sixty-one (461) respondents who had been residents of the selected constituencies for over five years and aged between 17-60 years were selected for the study. The main outcome measure was current cigarette smoking status. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents. We stratified data analysis by individual being health workers or non-health workers. A bivariate Pearson Chi-square test was used to determine the association between socio-demographic characteristics and the smoking status. Statistically significant variables in the bivariate analysis were used as predictors in the univariate and multivariate models. The response rate of potential participants was 95% (n=434). The mean (±SD) age of participant’s was 32.5 (± 11.34 years). Significant relationships were observed between smoking status and area of residency (constituency), gender, age category, level of education, age of onset of smoking and the daily smoking frequency. The majority of smokers (n=108) were none-HCWs with males being the majority (n=62). Age (p=0.001), education levels (p=0.001) and area of residency (p=0.022) were highly associated with smoking among none-HCW while marital status was associated with smoking among HCWs (p=0.013). In the final multivariate model, the odds of smoking among female non-HCWs were significantly lower (OR: 0.386; 95% CI: 0.228 – 0.655). Furthermore, the odds of smoking among this same group were lower among those who had secondary level education (OR: 0.178; 95% CI: 0.0659 – 0.483), post-secondary (OR: 0.117, 95% CI: 0.0412 – 0.330) and first stage tertiary (OR: 0.306: 95% CI: 0.106 – 0.881) compared to those who had primary school education. In conclusion, smoking prevalence among none HCWs and HCWs working in Zambezi included in the study was similar to that of the general Namibian population but higher than other neighboring countries within SADC. The results showed a need for the establishment of specific smoking related strategies that target HCWs to address smoking use parallel to the running of none HCWs which would ultimately decrease the smoking prevalence and improve health.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0435.v1

Role of Inflammatory Cytokines in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Development of Atherosclerosis: A Systematic Review

Dražen Bedeković, Ivica Bošnjak, Damir Kirner, Srđan Novak

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: rheumatoid arthritis; chronic inflammation mechanisms; cardiovascular risk; cardiovas-cular mortality; medications used in rheumatoid arthritis

Online: 7 August 2023 (02:59:14 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0123.v1

Falls Incidence and Associated Risk Factors among People with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Mehrdad Davoudi, Seyyed Mohammadreza Shokouhyan, Mohsen Abedi, Mehdi Rezaei, Mohamad Parnianpour, Kinda Khalaf, Masood Mazaheri

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pathology And Pathobiology Keywords: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; COPD; fall risk factor; gait; balance; cognition; daily activity; muscle dysfunction

Online: 8 September 2022 (10:35:01 CEST)

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is increasingly being recognized as a systemic disease rather than a mere disorder of the lungs. Central (respiratory) and peripheral (limb) muscle weakness are among the main pronounced systemic effects of COPD. While the disease primarily affects the lower limb muscles and contributes to gait impairment, COPD is also associated with an increasing risk of falls in patients (COPDp). Previous studies have reported higher rates of falls among COPDp (1.17 to 1.20 falls/person-year), amounting to four times higher than an age-matched healthy group. Potential fall risk factors include muscle weakness, impaired daily activities, cognitive dysfunction, and gait and balance impairment. Although COPDp often manifest many of these risk factors, there remains a gap in literature regarding falls during walking in this population. This study aimed to 1. analyze the literature to identify the risk factors of falling in COPDp, and 2. investigate the underlying mechanisms by which these risk factors can lead to increased prevalence of falling. The results suggest that in addition to the known risk factors of falling, low back pain and mental fatigue should also be considered as relevant risk factors in the treatment process of these patients. Moreover, respiratory problems, which are common in this population, have demonstrated pronounced effects on energy expenditure, gait, and other types of activities of daily living (ADLs), leading to reduced intensity, disrupted coordination of the trunk-pelvic structure with the lower limbs during gait, and altered motor control performance due to activation of muscles in an inefficient synergic manner. These problems potentially lead to the increased vulnerability of these patients to external disturbances and higher incidence risk of falls and injuries. Cognitive problems, which are typically due to reduced oxygen received by the brain, as well as general inflammation caused by COPD, also play a significant role in gait disruption and balance. Future research is warranted to determine the prevalence of falls in COPDp by examining the response of these patients to Medio-Lateral (ML) and Anterior-Posterior (AP) disturbances during gait in association with traditional and recommended fall risk factors.

Working Paper ARTICLE

Design Of a Dynamic and Self-Adapting System, Supported With Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Real-Time Intelligence For Predictive Cyber Risk Analytics in Extreme Environments- Cyber Risk in the Colonisation of Mars

Petar Radanliev

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning Keywords: Artificial intelligence; machine learning; real-time probabilistic data; for cyber risk; super forecasting; red teaming;

Online: 12 April 2021 (12:18:14 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1634.v1

Potential Effects of Permanent Daylight Savings Time on Daylight Exposure and Risk During Commute Times Using a Biomathematical Model of Fatigue

Jaime K. Devine, Jake Choynowski, Steven R. Hursh

Subject: Social Sciences, Behavior Sciences Keywords: daylight savings time; light exposure; fatigue risk; biomathematical modeling of fatigue; road safety; traffic

Online: 22 June 2023 (14:39:04 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1312.v1

Treatment Strategies for High-Risk Prostate Cancer - Utility of Combination Therapy of Neoadjuvant Therapy and Radical Prostatectomy to Improve Oncologic Outcomes

Keita Nakane, Makoto Kawase, Koji Iinuma, Yuki Tobisawa, Manabu Takai, Daiki Kato, Kota Kawase, Shinichi Takeuchi, Naotaka Kumada, Sanae Namiki, Fumiya Sugino, Takayasu Ito, Takuya Koie

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Urology And Nephrology Keywords: prostate cancer; high-risk prostate cancer; radical prostatectomy; radiation therapy; neoadjuvant therapy; oncological outcomes

Online: 19 June 2023 (07:21:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0354.v1

Risk Factors Contributing to the Progression of Paroxysmal and Persistent Atrial Fibrillation in Heart Failure Patients with Mid-Range Ejection Fraction

Lusine Hazarapetyan, Lyudmila Budaghyan, Alina Maloyan, Svetlana Grigoryan

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: heart failure; mid-range ejection fraction; atrial fibrillation; cardiac inflammation; cardiac fibrosis; risk factors.

Online: 15 July 2021 (10:18:01 CEST)

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Aims: Heart failure (HF) is frequently accompanied by atrial fibrillation (AF), a combination that worsens the outcomes of both diseases. Despite advances in the treatment of AF, it remains a serious and unsolved problem for clinicians and researchers. The aim of this study was to examine risk factors for incidents of paroxysmal and persistent AF in patients having heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction (HFmrEF). Methods. Overall, 71 patients with HFmrEF and non-valvular AF, including paroxysmal and persistent types, were enrolled in this study. As a control group, 42 HFmrEF patients without AF were also enrolled. All patients underwent detailed physical examination, including resting electrocardiography, echocardiography, and 24-hour ambulatory Holter monitoring. Levels of the inflammation markers high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and the fibrotic marker transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) were measured by ELISA and expressed as odds ratios. Results: We show that paroxysmal AF was associated with higher diastolic blood pressure, whereas both paroxysmal and persistent forms of AF were associated with more frequent occurrence of hypertensive crisis episodes and greater body mass index. Progression from paroxysmal to persistent AF was associated with significant ventricular remodeling. Persistent and paroxysmal AF were associated with higher levels of inflammatory markers when compared to HFmrEF patients having no AF. In addition, TGF-1 was significantly increased in HFmrEF patients having persistent but not paroxysmal AF. Conclusions: Occurrence of AF, first paroxysmal and then persistent, in HFmrEF patients is associated with left ventricular remodeling and the appearance of systemic inflammatory and fibrotic markers. Changes in those parameters may be indicators by which to identify patients at increased risk of atrial fibrillation. Further studies are needed to determine the prognostic validity of these markers.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0240.v1

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) Pollution and its Associated Human Health Risks in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria: A Systematic Review

Samuel Appiah Ofori, Samuel Jerry Cobbina, Abubakari Zarouk Imoro, Dzigbodi Adzo Doke, Thomas Gaiser

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Pollution Keywords: Oil exploration and exploitation, Gas flaring, Environmental pollution, PAH sources, Incremental lifetime cancer risk

Online: 9 March 2021 (07:23:38 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0555.v1

Assessment of Nutritional Status and Risk of Malnutrition Using Adapted Standard Tools in Patients with Mental Illness and in Need of Intensive Psychiatric Treatment

Ladina Risch, Florian Hotzy, Stefan Vetter, Sascha Hiller, Kathrin Wallimann, Erich Seifritz, Sonja Mötteli

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Psychiatry And Mental Health Keywords: nutritional risk screening; severe mental illness; psychiatric treatment; BMI; nutritional status; malnutrition; depression; schizophrenia; nutrition; diet

Online: 30 November 2022 (02:44:53 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0250.v1

Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Prevalence in Bats’ Guano from Caves and Attics of Buildings Studied by Culture and qPCR Examinations

Ivo Pavlik, Vit Ulmann, Helena Modra, Milan Gersl, Barbora Rantova, Jan Zukal, Katerina Zukalova, Ondrej Konecny, Vlastislav Kana, Pavel Kubalek, Vladimir Babak, Ross Tim Weston

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM); mycobacteria other than tuberculosis (MOTT); saprophytic environmental mycobacteria; risk groups of microorganisms; Microchiroptera

Online: 18 October 2021 (14:54:06 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0210.v1

Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics Associated with Suicidal Behaviour and the Relationship with a Nurse-Led Suicide Prevention Program.

Judit Pons-Baños, David Ballester-Ferrando, Lola Riesco-Miranda, Santiago Escoté-Llobet, Jordi Jiménez-Nuño, Concepció Fuentes-Pumarola, Montserrat Serra-Millàs

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Attempted; Suicide; Mental Disorders; Nursing; Preventive Health Services; Risk Factors; Social Determinants of Health; Suicidal Ideation; Suicide

Online: 9 October 2020 (15:49:51 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0295.v1

Classical Failure Modes and Effects Analysis in the Context of Smart Grid Cyber-Physical Systems

Andrés A. Zúñiga, Alexandre Baleia, João Fernandes, Paulo Jose Da Costa Branco

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: cyber-power network; distribution system reliability; FMEA; reliability assessment; risk priority number (RPN); Smart Grid

Online: 20 February 2020 (08:33:27 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.0222.v1

Plastics Recycling and Hazardous Substances – Risk Cycle

Uwe Lahl, Barbara Zeschmar-Lahl

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Waste Management And Disposal Keywords: moratorium on the use of recyclates; legacy additives; 'Risk Cycle'; human biomonitoring; closed-loop recycling; feedstock change

Online: 2 July 2024 (11:02:15 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0806.v1

Incidence of the Risk of Malnutrition and Excess Fat Mass, Low Total Lean Tissue, and Gait Speed as Independent Associated Factors in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Miriam Teresa López Teros, Helen Joceline Vidaña-Espinoza, Julián Esparza-Romero, Oscar Rosas-Carrasco, Armando Luna-López, Heliodoro Alemán-Mateo

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: nutrition disorders; risk factors; body composition; physical functional performance; independent living; and aged; 80 and over

Online: 13 September 2023 (09:38:11 CEST)

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Background and aims: Only one cohort study exists on the incidence of the risk of malnutrition (RM) in older adults, though numerous cross-sectional –and that cohort research– have reported several risk factors associated with the prevalence and incidence of this condition. However, alterations of body composition and impaired physical performance as exposition variables of RM have not been explored. This study assessed the incidence of RM and determined its association with excess fat mass, low total lean tissue, gait speed, and handgrip strength as exposition variables for RM in community-dwelling older adults. Methods: This is a secondary analysis in older adults (≥60 years old) derived from the study “Frailty, dynapenia, and sarcopenia in Mexican adults (FraDySMex)” a prospective cohort project conducted from 2014 to 2019 in Mexico City. At baseline, volunteers underwent body composition analysis and physical performance tests. Several covariates were identified through comprehensive geriatric assessment. At baseline and follow-up, RM was assessed using the long form of the mini nutritional assessment (MNA-LF) scale. Associations between the exposition variables and RM were assessed by multiple logistic regression. Results: The cohort included 241 subjects. Average age was 75.6±7.8 years; 83.4% were women. The mean follow-up period was 4.1 years, during which 28.6% of subjects developed RM. This condition was less likely to occur in subjects with excess fat mass index, even after adjusting for several covariates. RM was also more likely to occur in subjects with low total lean tissue index, according to both an unadjusted model and after adjusting for the corresponding variables. Regarding the association between RM and gait speed, RM was also more likely to occur in subjects with low gait speed according to both the unadjusted and adjusted models. Similar results were found for RM in relation to low handgrip strength; however, after adjusting for the associated covariates, models 1 and 2 no longer reached the level of significance. Conclusion: The risk of malnutrition diagnosed by MNA-LF was significantly less likely to occur among subjects with excess fat mass, but possibility was significantly higher in those with low total lean tissue and low gait speed after 4.1 years of follow-up in community-dwelling older adults. These results highlight that excess fat mass, low total lean tissue, and low gait speed are first than risk of malnutrition and not vice versa.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1401.v1

Diesters of o-Phthalic Acids in Surface Waters with Background Level of Pollution: Concentrations Levels, Distribution, Sources, and Environmental Risk (Lake Baikal, Russia)

Alexander Georgievich Gorshkov, Tatyana Arkadievna Grigoryeva, Yurij Sergeevich Bukin, Anton Vasilevich Kuzmin

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: priority PAEs, surface waters, concentrations levels, anthropogenic and biogenic sources, environmental risk, Lake Baikal

Online: 21 August 2023 (12:13:40 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.1310.v1

AI-Driven Prediction and Mapping of Soil Liquefaction Risks for Enhancing Earthquake Resilience in Smart Cities

Arisa Katsuumi, Yuxin Cong, Shinya Inazumi

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: AI-driven predictive model; Ensemble machine learning; Geotechnical data integration; Soil liquefaction risk; Urban resilience

Online: 19 June 2024 (12:59:18 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0180.v1

Replacing Sustainable Development: Potential Frameworks for International Cooperation in an Era of Increasing Crises and Disasters.

Jem Bendell

Subject: Social Sciences, Safety Research Keywords: Sustainable Development; Sustainable Development Goals; Sustainability; Postdevelopment; Degrowth; Disaster Risk Reduction; United Nations; Permacrisis; Metadisaster.

Online: 13 May 2022 (07:48:45 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.1349.v1

Research on Credit Risk Assessment Optimization Based on Machine Learning

Xuyang Zhang, Lidong Xu, Ningxin Li, Jianke Zou

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning Keywords: Credit Risk Assessment; Machine Learning; Random Forest; Correlation Analysis; Optimization

Online: 17 July 2024 (04:50:54 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0903.v1

Retrospective Analysis of Clostridioides difficile Infection Rates in Hospitalized Patients during COVID-19 Pandemic. A Unicenter Study in Reus, Spain

Simona Iftimie, Ana F. López-Azcona, Mireia Corchero-Valverde, Antonio Peralta-Vázquez, Laia Revuelta López-Cordón, Carles García-Cervera, Luís Manuel Fernández-Domínguez, Jordi Camps, Jorge Joven, Antoni Castro

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Internal Medicine Keywords: Cancer; Clostridioides difficile; COVID-19; Infectious diseases; Pandemic; Risk factors

Online: 15 April 2024 (05:37:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0936.v1

Differentiating Pressure Ulcer Risk Levels Using Decision Trees Based on Interpretable Indicators: A Practical Approach for Nursing Care

Eugenio Vera-Salmerón, Carmen Dominguez-Nogueira, José A. Sáez, José L. Romero-Béjar, Emilio Mota-Romero

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Nursing Keywords: pressure ulcers; risk level; decision trees; nursing care; preventive measures

Online: 12 January 2024 (07:21:52 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0066.v1

Using Ambient Intelligence ‘AMI’ to Manage Disaster Risk Reduction ‘DRR’

Rasha Waheeb

Subject: Engineering, Other Keywords: Ambient Intelligence; AMI; Disaster Management; Risk Reduction; DRR

Online: 2 January 2024 (09:41:08 CET)

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The use of artificial intelligence technologies may help companies obtain the optimal use of resources and accomplish more activities with an increase in productivity by 40%. With access to real-time data and the ability to learn from patterns and behaviors, AI can perform these routine tasks more efficiently. Ambient intelligence, Ami, is one of the applications of artificial intelligence, which is called artificial environmental intelligence, which is a concept that focuses on using technology to create an environment that is intelligent and responsive to the needs of its users. This technology has the potential to revolutionize disaster response and management, which in turn facilitates access to necessary information and resources. necessary vitality in the event of a crisis. It may use ambient intelligence to create a network of sensors that can detect and respond to changes in the environment. So that this network can be used to monitor the environment for potential disasters, such as floods, fires and earthquakes. Sensors can also be used to detect changes in temperature, humidity, and other environmental factors that may indicate a potential disaster. This information can then be used to alert emergency responders and provide them with the information needed to respond quickly and effectively. Ambient intelligence can also be used to create a comprehensive database of resources and information that can be accessed in times of crisis. This database may include information about the location of shelters, medical facilities, and other resources that can be used to assist those affected by a disaster. It may also provide information about the condition of roads, bridges, and other infrastructure that may be affected by a disaster. This information can be used to inform response and management decisions, helping to ensure that resources are used in the most efficient way possible. Ambient intelligence can be used to create a communication platform between emergency responders and those affected by a disaster. This platform can also be used to provide updates on the emergency situation, in addition to providing information about available resources to those affected. This can help ensure that those affected by a disaster can access the resources they need in a timely manner.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0091.v1

Recent Records on Bacterial Opportunistic Infections via the Dietary Route

Franca Rossi, Serena Santonicola, Carmela Amadoro, Lucio Marino, Giampaolo Colavita

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: dietary route; bacteria; opportunistic pathogens; recent infection records; risk factors

Online: 1 December 2023 (21:26:27 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1738.v1

Assessment of Landslide Risk in the Jinbu Area, Korea: Integrating Spatial Models with High Resolution Social Economic Data

Al Mamun, Jang Dong-Ho

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Geography Keywords: Landslide; Spatial prediction; Vulnerability; Cross-validation; Prediction table; Landslide risk

Online: 28 November 2023 (07:18:26 CET)

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This research deals with risk assessment for human life, man-made infrastructure, and agriculture in a landslide-prone area using GIS-based spatial methods. The study area landslide inventory map was prepared based on previous landslide information, aerial photograph analysis, and several field observations. A total of 550 landslides have been included with 182 debris flow and 368 soil slides. All included landslides were classified into two groups by random selection; half were used for model calibration and the rest were used for cross-validation. In the analysis, fourteen causative factors were vastly used, such as aspect, slope, curvature, elevation, topographic wetness index, forest timber diameter, forest type, forest crown density, forest age, land-use, geology, soil drainage, soil depth, and soil texture. Moreover, to identify the interaction between occurred landslides and causative factors, the affected pixels were divided into different sub-classes using a frequency ratio method. Based on the total dataset, three landslide susceptibility maps were constructed using Bayesian prediction, likelihood ratio, and fuzzy set method. By evaluating cross-validation and success rate curve, model susceptibility results were plotted with a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the area under the curve (AUC) was estimated. In addition, for risk assessment, each social data layer such as agriculture, house, industry, business, road, river, population intensity, monetary value, and vulnerability level was added based on the local standard and incident time and was converted into US dollars. During the analysis, each method hazard map was used with a specific group of thematic data layers. Subsequently, for preparing the probability table, study area total pixels and predictive landslide affected pixels were considered. Matching with the affected pixels, a standard of 5000 pixels was selected to run the final evaluation. Based on the results, the agricultural field showed the highest vulnerability and estimated risk of US $ 16.3 million. Further, the man-made infrastructure map showed a risk of US $ 31.3 million. The total estimated population casualties were 6.77, which was relatively similar to the published data.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1628.v1

An Agent-Based Model for Determining the Agriculture Demand Based on Farmers' Socio-Economic Characteristics

Milad Basirifard, Icen Yoosefdoost

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: Agriculture Demand; Agricultural Risk; Agent-Based Model; Standard Operating Policy

Online: 28 November 2023 (01:39:57 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0381.v1

Examining the Moderating Effect of Perceived Risk from Particulate Matter on Outdoor Sports Participants: A Theory of Planned Behavior Perspective

Do-Hun Kim, Yunduk Jeong

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: Perceived risk; particulate matter; theory of planned behavior; outdoor sports.

Online: 7 November 2023 (08:23:08 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1267.v1

Individual-Level Factors associated with Perceived COVID-19 Risk among Health Care Workers in South Africa

Thandeka Hamilton Mhlongo, Edith Phalane, Alida K Voet, Peter Ndaramu, Claris Siyamanyambo, Musawenkosi M Mabaso, Ronel Sewpaul, Refilwe Nancy Phaswana-Mafuya

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: coronavirus disease; healthcare workers; individual-level; perceived risk; South Africa

Online: 19 October 2023 (10:55:18 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0176.v1

Risk Factors for Recurrent Exacerbations in the General Practitioners Based Swiss Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Cohort

Nebal S. Abu Hussein, Stephanie Giezendanner, Pascal Urwyler, Pierre-olivier Bridevaux, Prashant N. Chhajed, Thomas Geiser, Ladina Joos Zellweger, Melcolm Kohler, David Miedinger, Zahra Pasha, Robert Thurnheer, Christophe Von Garnier, Joerg D. Leuppi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: COPD; Exacerbation; Primary health care; Risk factors; Prediction; recurrent exacerbations

Online: 4 October 2023 (11:36:13 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.1013.v1

A Study on the Measuring Methods of Websites Security Risk Rate

Yong joon Lee

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Security Systems Keywords: energy website risk,; Website Security Measurements; OSINT(Open Source Intelligence),

Online: 15 September 2023 (04:22:21 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0477.v1

Construction Risk Assessment of High-Fill Subgrade Using Combination Weighting Method Based on Game Theory

Youyun Li, Tao He, Xinghai Peng

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: subgrade engineering; risk assessment; game theory; approximate comprehensive evaluation method

Online: 7 September 2023 (07:03:11 CEST)

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