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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1854.v1

Mutations and Differential Transcription of Mating-Type and Pheromone Receptor Genes in Hirsutella sinensis and Natural Cordyceps sinensis

Xiu-Zhang Li, Yu-Ling Li, Jia-Shi Zhu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Differential transcription mating-type genes; mutant MAT1-1-1 protein; mutant α-pheromone receptor protein; genotypes of Ophiocordyceps sinensis; natural Cordyceps sinensis; transcriptional regulation; homothallism; pseudohomothallism; physiological heterothallism; hybridization

Online: 29 March 2024 (13:19:07 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.1402.v1

Histological Findings of Resected Tracheal Ring in SARS-CoV-2 Positive and Negative Tracheostomized Patients

Nieves Mata-Castro, Raul Castañeda Vozmediano, Cristian Perna, Carlos Prada, Lorena Sanz López

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Otolaryngology Keywords: tracheostomy; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; histopathology

Online: 18 September 2024 (12:39:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.2179.v1

Cement Clinker Modified by Photocatalyst – Selected Mechanical Properties and Photocatalytic Activity during NO and BTEX Decomposition

Magdalena Janus, Jarosław Strzałkowski, Kamila Zając, Ewelina Kusiak-Nejman

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: photocatalysis 2; photoactive cement 3; NO decomposition

Online: 29 August 2024 (14:28:49 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.2185.v1

Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Healthcare Workers before and after COVID-19 Vaccination: A Cohort Study in a Primary Care Unit of Brazil

Ana Cláudia Pinheiro Torres, Raissa Nogueira Brito, Wildo Navegantes de Araújo, Priscila Pedrette, Daiani Cristina Cilião Alves, Ana Izabel Passarella Teixeira, Carolina Carvalho Gontijo, Gustavo Adolfo Sierra Romero, Rodrigo Gurgel-Gonçalves, Walter Massa Ramalho

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: Monitoring; seroprevalence; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19

Online: 29 August 2024 (14:25:32 CEST)

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Introduction: Healthcare workers (HCW) are at higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Viral surveillance for early detection of COVID-19 is a critical strategy to understand the infection dynamics in this population and to prevent transmission. The study examines SARS-CoV-2 infection and reinfection among HCW vaccinated against COVID-19 who are employed at a primary health care unit serving a disenfranchised community of Brazil. Methods: The study was conducted in Cidade Estrutural, Federal District of Brazil, between February and October 2021. Participants were interviewed and provided samples. A prospective open cohort study was used to analyze the frequency of SARS-CoV-2 infection and reinfection. Nasopharyngeal and peripheral blood samples were collected from workers presenting with flu-like symptoms and subjected to RT-qPCR and serological testing (IgM and IgG chemiluminescence). The frequencies of infection and reinfection (RT-qPCR positive results 90 days after the infection) were calculated along with their respective confidence intervals (95%CI). Results: Of the 128 workers, 61 (47.65%; CI: 39.19-56.25) reported probable SARS-CoV-2 infection before vaccination. Of these, 50 (39.06%; CI: 31.04-47.71) had SARS-CoV-2 infection after vaccination, confirmed by molecular tests. Reinfection was identified in seven workers (14.00%; CI: 6.95-26.18), based on the 90-day interval between results. The serological data from the 128 workers during the cohort indicated that 68 had IgG antibodies (53.12%; CI: 44.5-61.5) and 46 had IgM antibodies (35.93%; CI: 28.14-44.54) against SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 infection was common in community health workers (CHW, 56%), registered nurses (50%), and licensed practice nurses (33%). Following the COVID-19 vaccination, the percentage of infections among CHW decreased from 47.83% to 4.35%. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that (i) approximately 40% of the workers were infected with SARS-CoV-2 in 2021 and (ii) reinfections confirmed by RT-qPCR occurred in 14% of the HCW after vaccination. The results provide valuable insights into the circulation of SARS-CoV-2 among HCW in a primary care unit serving a minoritized community.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.1375.v1

Evaluation of CacyBP/SIP Expression and Its Relationship With ERK1/2 and p38 Kinase in Testicular Seminoma

Grzegorz Młynarczyk, Natalia Domian, Alicja Lewandowska, Adam Novák, Irena Kasacka

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: CacyBP/SIP; ERK1/2; p38; seminoma; testis

Online: 17 July 2024 (04:56:33 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.0616.v1

Is There a Link between the Microbiome and Autoimmune Aspects of Long COVID-19?

Altijana Hromić-Jahjefendić, Lejla Mahmutović, Abas Sezer, Tea Bećirević, Alberto Rubio-Casillas, Elrashdy M. Redwan, Vladimir N. Uversky

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; autoimmunity; autoantibodies; ACE2; microbiome

Online: 11 June 2024 (15:49:20 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0312.v1

The Aftermath of COVID-19: Exploring Long-Term Effects on the Organ Systems

Maryam Golzardi, Altijana Hromić-Jahjefendić, Jasmin Šutković, Orkun Aydin, Pinar Aydin, Tea Bećirević, Elrashy M. Redwan, Alberto Rubio-Casillas, Vladimir N. Uversky

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pathology And Pathobiology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; long-COVID; organ systems

Online: 3 April 2024 (17:00:10 CEST)

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Background: Post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) is a complicated disease that affects millions of people all over the world. Previous studies have shown that PASC impacts 10% of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients of which 50-70% are hospitalized. It has also been shown that 10-12% of those vaccinated against COVID-19 were affected with PASC and its complications. The severity and the later development of PASC symptoms is positively associated with the early intensity of the infection. Results: The generated health complications caused by PASC involve a vast variety of organ systems. Patients affected by PASC have been diagnosed with neuropsychiatric and neurological symptoms. Cardiovascular system also has been involved and several diseases such as myocarditis, pericarditis, and coronary artery diseases were reported. Chronic hematological problems such as thrombotic endothelialitis and hypercoagulability were described as a condition that could increase the risk of clotting disorders and coagulopathy in PASC patients. Chest pain, breathlessness, and cough in PASC patients were associated with respiratory system in long COVID-19 causing respiratory distress syndrome. The observed immune complications were notable, involving several diseases. Renal system also was impacted and result in raising the risk of diseases such as thrombotic issues, fibrosis, and sepsis. Endocrine gland malfunction can lead to diabetes, thyroiditis, and male infertility. Symptoms such as diarrhea, nausea, loss of appetite and taste were also among reported observations due to several gastrointestinal disorders. Skin abnormalities might be an indication of infection and long-term implications such as persistent cutaneous complaints were linked to PASC. Conclusions: Long COVID is a multidimensional syndrome with considerable public health implications, affecting several physiological systems and demanding thorough medical therapy as well as more study to address its underlying causes and long-term effects.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1779.v1

Investigation on UV Degradation and Mechanism of 6:2 Fluorotelomer Sulfonamide Alkyl Betaine, Based on Model Compound Perfluorooctanoic Acid

Naveed Ahmed, Marion Martienssen, Maria CONCETTA Bruzzoniti, Marion Martienssen, Maria Concetta Bruzzoniti, Ramona Riedel

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Physical Chemistry Keywords: PFOA; 6:2 FTAB; decomposition; photolysis; scavenger

Online: 24 January 2024 (13:38:41 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1953.v1

Palladium-Catalyzed β-C(sp3)–H Bond Arylation of Tertiary Aldehydes Facilitated by 2-Pyridone Ligands

Ke Yang, Haibo Ge, Ziting Xu, Zhi Li, Chong Liu

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Organic Chemistry Keywords: palladium-catalyzed; 2-pyridone ligand; tertiary aldehydes

Online: 30 November 2023 (05:45:42 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0429.v2

Assessing the Potential Role of Cats (Felis Catus) as Generators of Relevant SARS-CoV-2 Lineages during the Pandemic

Ninnet Gomez-Romero, Francisco Javier Basurto-Alcantara, Lauro Velazquez-Salinas

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: cats; SARS-CoV-2; evolution; variants; phylogenomics

Online: 9 October 2023 (11:45:25 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.1665.v1

Generalized Rash in Severe Hospitalized COVID Patients: Correlation between Histological Examination, Drug Intake, Blood Interleukins Profileand Long-Term Follow-Up

Montserrat Fernández-Guarino, Vivian Stewart, Diego Fernández-Nieto, Carmen Moreno Garcia del Real, David Gonzalez de Olano, Carolina Blanco, Emilio Solano-Solares, Belen De la Hoz Caballer, Javier Martínez-Botas, Maria Laura Garcia-Bermejo, Ana Andrés-Martín

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dermatology Keywords: skin; COVID infection; cytokines; SARS-CoV-2

Online: 25 September 2023 (09:37:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0829.v1

Using Regional Sero-Epidemiology SARS-CoV-2 Anti-S Antibodies in the Dominican Republic to Inform Targeted Public Health Response

Beatris Mario Martin, Angela Cadavid Restrepo, Helen Mayfield, Cecilia Then Paulino, Micheal De St. Aubin, William Duke, Petr Jarolim, Emily Zielinski Guitiérrez, Ronald Skewes Ramm, Devan Dumas, Salome Garnier, Marie Caroline Etienne, Farah Peña, Gabriela Abdalla, Beatriz Lopez, Lucia De la Cruz, Bernarda Henríquez, Margaret Baldwin, Benn Sartorius, Adam Kucharski, Eric J Nilles, Colleen L Lau

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; seroprevalence; vaccine; spatial distribution

Online: 13 September 2023 (16:13:52 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0086.v1

mtDNA Single Nucleotide Variants Associated with Type 2 Diabetes

Enrique García Gaona, Alheli García Gregorio, Camila García Jimenez, Mildred Alejandra López-Olaiz, Paola Mendoza-Ramírez, Daniel Fernandez-Guzman, Rolando Alberto Pillado Sánchez, Axel David Soto Pacheco, Laura Yareni Zuñiga, María Guadalupe Sánchez-Parada, Ana Elizabeth González Santiago, Luis Miguel Román Pintos, Rolando Castañeda Arellano, Luis Daniel Hernández-Ortega, Arieh Roldán Mercado-Sesma, Felipe de Jesús Orozco-Luna, Carlos Villa Angulo, Rafael Villa Angulo, Raúl C. Baptista-Rosas

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Endocrinology And Metabolism Keywords: mtDNA; mitogenome; Type 2 diabetes; polymorphism; SNP

Online: 5 September 2023 (10:22:58 CEST)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0211.v1

Long-Term Organ Complications: The True Public Health Concern in SARSCoV-2 Infection

Ronald palacios castrillo

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: SARSCoV-2 virus; Long Covid; Spike protein

Online: 5 September 2023 (05:11:54 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1489.v1

Rhabdomyolysis in BA.5 and BA.4 SARS-COV2 Variants: A Single Center Experience

Nicolina Capoluongo, Annamaria Mascolo, Claudia Tiberio, Marina Sarno, Gabriele Somma, Marcello Raffone, Antimo Di Spirito, Giuseppina Minei, Raffaella Pisapia, Andrea Pomicino, Pierpaolo Di Micco, Annalisa Capuano, Alessandro Perrella

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: COVID-19; Rhabdomyolisys; Viruses; SARS-COV-2

Online: 22 August 2023 (07:36:29 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1466.v1

Non-invasive Assessment of IDH-mutant Gliomas Using Optimized Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy on a Routine Clinical 3-Tesla MRI

Laiz Laura De Godoy, Kheng Choon Lim, Archith Rajan, Gaurav Verma, Mauro Hanaoka, Donald M O’Rourke, John Lee, Arati Desai, Sanjeev Chawla, Suyash Mohan

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: 2-Hydroxyglutarate; isocitrate dehydrogenase; 1H-MRS; glioma

Online: 21 August 2023 (11:40:38 CEST)

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Purpose Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation has become one of the most important prognostic biomarkers in glioma management, indicating better treatment response and prognosis. IDH mutations confer neomorphic activity leading to the conversion of alpha-ketoglutarate (α-KG) to 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG). The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical potential of proton MR spectroscopy (1H-MRS) in identifying IDH-mutant gliomas by detecting characteristic resonances of 2HG and its complex interplay with other clinically relevant metabolites. Materials and Methods Thirty-two patients with suspected infiltrative glioma underwent single-voxel (SVS, n=17) and/or single-slice multivoxel (1H-MRSI, n=15) proton MR spectroscopy (1H-MRS) sequence with an optimized echo-time (97ms) on 3T-MRI. Spectroscopy data were analyzed using linear combination (LC) model. Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) values of <40% were considered acceptable for detecting 2HG and <20% for other metabolites. Immunohistochemical analyses for determining IDH mutational status were subsequently performed from resected tumor specimens, and findings were compared with the results from spectral data. Mann-Whitney and Chi-squared tests were performed to ascertain differences in metabolite levels between IDH-mutant and IDH-wild-type gliomas. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analyses were also performed. Results Data from eight cases were excluded due to poor spectral quality or non-tumor-related etiology, and final data analyses were performed from 24 cases. Of these cases, 9/12 (75%) were correctly identified as IDH-mutant or IDH-wildtype gliomas by SVS and 10/12 (83%) by 1H-MRSI with an overall concordance rate of 79% (19/24). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive values were 80%, 77%, 86%, and 70%, respectively. The metabolite 2HG was found to be significant in predicting IDH-mutant gliomas by Chi-squared test (p<0.01). The IDH-mutant gliomas also showed significantly higher NAA/Cr ratio (1.20 ± 0.09 versus 0.75 ± 0.12 p= 0.016) and lower Glx/Cr ratio (0.86±0.078 versus 1.88±0.66; p=0.029) than those with IDH wild-type gliomas. The areas under the ROC curves for NAA/Cr and Glx/Cr were 0.808 and 0.786, respectively. Conclusion 1H-MRS may be useful in detecting IDH mutational status in gliomas by detecting 2HG and characteristic patterns of other metabolite ratios (NAA/Cr and Glx/Cr). This has significant clinical implications for prognostication and response assessment to novel targeted therapies in gliomas.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1245.v1

Key Essentials during the Transition from the Acute Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Piotr Rzymski, Maria Pokorska-Śpiewak, Teresa Jackowska, Ernest Kuchar, Aneta Nitsch-Osuch, Małgorzata Pawłowska, Mateusz Babicki, Jerzy Jaroszewicz, Leszek Szenborn, Jacek Wysocki, Robert Flisiak

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; vaccination; antivirals; viral evolution

Online: 17 August 2023 (05:30:45 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0570.v1

Seven Epidemic Waves of COVID-19 in a Hospital in Madrid. Analysis of Severity and Associated Factors

Juan V. San Martín, Nieves Mesa, David Bernal-Bello, Alejandro Morales-Ortega, Marta Rivilla, Marta Guerrero, Ruth Calderón, Ana I. Farfán, Luis Rivas, Guillermo Soria, Aída Izquierdo, Elena Madroñal, Miguel Duarte, Sara Piedrabuena, María Toledano-Macías, Jorge Marrero, Cristina De Ancos, Begoña Frutos, Rafael Cristóbal, Laura Velazquez, Belén Mora, Paula Cuenca, José Á. Satué, Ibone Ayala-Larrañaga, Lorena Carpintero, Celia Lara, Álvaro R. Llerena, Virginia García, Vanesa García de Viedma, Santiago Prieto, Natalia González-Pereira, Cristina Bravo, Carolina Mariño, Luis Antonio Lechuga, Jorge Tarancón, Sonia Gonzalo, Santiago Moreno, José M. Ruiz-Giardin

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; waves; mortality

Online: 10 July 2023 (09:47:27 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0375.v1

Serological Assay for SARS-CoV-2 in Domestic and Wild Animals in Middle and Southeast Regions in Brazil

Julia Maldi Dias, Mariana Oliveira Costa, Amanda Oliveira De Souza, Majela Lima Faria, Daniel Hofman Golcman, Mariana Baroni Selim, Emília Patrícia Medici, Guilherme Shin Iwamoto Haga, Adriana Hellmeister de Campos Nogueira Romaldini, Liria Hiromi Okuda

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; pandemic; animals; antibodies; seroprevalence

Online: 6 July 2023 (07:17:54 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0636.v1

Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Rates and Epidemiology of Clostridioides difficile Infection in One VA Hospital

Lorinda M. Wright, Andrew M. Skinner, Adam Cheknis, Conor McBurney, Ling Ge, Susan Pacheco, David Leehey, Dale N. Gerding, And Stuart Johnson

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Life Sciences Keywords: Clostridioides difficile; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2

Online: 8 June 2023 (10:55:48 CEST)

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The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with increases in some healthcare-associated infections. We investigated the impact of the pandemic on rates and molecular epidemiology of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) within one VA Hospital. We anticipated that the potential widespread use of antibiotics for pneumonia during the pandemic might increase CDI rates given that antibiotics are a major risk for CDI. Hospital data on patients with CDI and recurrent CDI (rCDI) were reviewed pre-COVID-19 pandemic (2015 to 2019) and during the pandemic (2020 - 2021). Restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) strain typing was performed on CD isolates recovered from stool samples collected from 10/2019 – 3/2022. CDI case numbers declined 43.2% in 2020 – 2021 compared to the annual mean over the previous 5 years. Stool test positivity rate was also lower during the COVID-19 pandemic (14.3% vs. 17.2%; P = 0.013). Although inpatient volume declined, rates of CDI among inpatients were reduced by 34.2% in 2020 – 2021. Mean monthly cases of rCDI also declined significantly after 2020 [3.38 (95% CI: 2.89 – 3.87) vs. 1.92 (95% CI: 1.27 – 2.56); P = <0.01]. Prior to the pandemic, REA group Y was the most prevalent CD strain among the major REA groups (27.3%). During the first wave of the pandemic from March 8, 2020, through June 30, 2020, there was an increase in the relative incidence of REA group BI (26.7% vs. 9.1%. After adjusting for CDI risk factors, a multivariable logistic regression model revealed that odds of developing an REA group BI CDI increased during the first pandemic wave (OR 6.41, 95% CI: 1.03 – 39.91) compared to the pre-pandemic period. In conclusion, the incidence of CDI and rCDI decreased significantly during the initial waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. In contrast, REA BI (Ribotype 027), a virulent, previously epidemic CD strain and frequently associated with hospital transmission and outbreaks, reappeared as a prevalent strain during the first wave of the pandemic.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0508.v1

Pathological Effects of SARS-CoV-19 Associated With Hematological Abnormalities

Mrs Shama, Asif Mahmood, Shahid Mehmood, Wen Zhang

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; Hematology; COVID-19; Biomarkers

Online: 7 June 2023 (08:05:43 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1183.v1

Under the Hood: Understanding the Features of Mucin in Pseudomyxoma Peritonei

Pedro Villarejo-Campos, Mariano García-Arranz, Siyuan Qian, Santos Jiménez de los Galanes, Victor Dominguez-Prieto, Juan Felipe Vélez Pinto, Ismael Guijo Castellano, Montiel Jiménez-Fuertes, Hector Guadalajara, Damian Garcia-Olmo

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Surgery Keywords: pseudomyxoma peritonei; mucin; MUC-2; microbiome; pseudomonas.

Online: 17 May 2023 (04:33:59 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1014.v1

Emergence of a New Strain of DENV-2 in South America: Introduction of the Cosmopolitan Genotype through the Brazilian-Peruvian Border

Murilo Tavares Amorim, Leonardo H. Almeida Hernández, Felipe Gomes Naveca, Ivy Tsuya Essashika Prazeres, Ana Lucia Monteiro Wanzeller, Eliana Vieira Pinto da Silva, Livia M. Neves Casseb, Fábio Silva Da Silva, Sandro Patroca da Silva, Bruno Tardelli Diniz Nunes, Ana Cecilia Ribeiro Cruz

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: arboviruses; dengue virus serotype 2; Cosmopolitan genotype

Online: 15 May 2023 (10:00:46 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0101.v1

Canine Intestinal Organoids as a Novel In Vitro Model of Intestinal Drug Permeability: A Proof-of-Concept Study

Dipak Kumar Sahoo, Marilyn Martinez, Kimberly Dao, Vojtech Gabriel, Christopher Zdyrski, Albert E. Jergens, Todd Atherly, Chelsea A. Iennarella-Servantez, Laura E. Burns, Dwayne Schrunk, Donna A Volpe, Karin Allenspach, Jonathan P. Mochel

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: canine; 3D organoid; permeability; Caco-2; colon

Online: 6 April 2023 (14:13:26 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0038.v1

Serological Response to SARS-CoV-2 after COVID-19 Vaccination in Lung Cancer patients: Short Review

Ananda Rodilla, Sooyun Tavolacci, Jazz Cagan, Tanay Shah, Sandeep Mittan, Philip C. Mack, Fred R. Hirsch

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: lung cancer; SARS-CoV-2 vaccine; immunogenicity

Online: 4 April 2023 (04:58:31 CEST)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0235.v1

Database of COVID-19 Cases Treated with Classical Homeopathy

Seema Mahesh, Petr Hoffmann, Cristiane Kajimura, IACH COVID Collaborators, George Vithoulkas

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Homeopathy; Database

Online: 13 January 2023 (04:33:23 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0577.v1

Effects of Toll Like Receptor Agonists and SARS-Cov-2 Antigens on Interferon (IFN) Expression by Peripheral Blood CD3+ T Cells in COVID-19 Patients

Samaneh A Abdolmohammadi-Vahid, Behzad Baradaran, Armin Sadeghi, Gilina Bezemer, Fatemeh K Kiaee, Ian Adcock, Gert Folkerts, Johan Garssen, Esmaeil Mortaz

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: TLR; IFN; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2

Online: 30 December 2022 (09:13:21 CET)

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Background: Signaling by toll like receptors (TLRs) initiates important immune responses against viral infection. The role of TLRs in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections is not well elucidated. Thus, we investigated the interaction of TLRs agonists and SARS-COV-2 antigens with immune cells in vitro. Material & methods: 30 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients (15 severe and 15 moderate) and 10 age and sex matched control (HC) were enrolled. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated and activated with TLR3, 7, 8 and 9 agonists, the spike protein (SP) of SARS-CoV-2 and the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) unit of SP. Frequencies of CD3⁺IFN-β⁺ T cells, and CD3⁺IFN-g⁺ T cells was evaluated by flow cytometry. Interferon (IFN)-b gene expression was assessed by qRT-PCR. Results: The frequency of CD3+IFN-β+ T cells was higher in moderate and severe patients at baseline in comparison with HCs. Stimulation of PBMCs from moderate patients with SP and TLR8 agonist significantly upregulated the frequency of CD3+IFN-β+ T cells (P=0.0005 and 0.0024, respectively) when compared to non-stimulated (NS) samples. The greatest increase in CD3⁺IFN-b⁺ T cell frequency in PBMCs from severe patients was seen with TLR8 and TLR7 agonists when compared to NS (P= 0.003 and 0.0167, respectively). TLR stimulation did not significantly enhance the frequency of CD3+IFN-g+ T cells generated from PBMCs from moderate and severe patients compared with unstimulated controls. However, the frequency of CD3+IFN-ɣ+ T cells in PBMCs from moderate patients was upregulated by agonists of TLR3, 8 and 9, SP and RBD when compared with NS samples from HCs. The expression of the IFN-β gene after stimulation of CD3⁺T cells with the TLR8 agonist was also up-regulated in moderate than severe patients (moderate vs. severe: p=0.0006). In addition, stimulation of CD3⁺ T cells with SP, up-regulated the expression of IFN-β gene expression in cells from patients with moderate disease (moderate vs. severe: p=0.01). Conclusion: Stimulation of PBMCs from COVID-19 patients with a TLR8 agonist and with SP enhanced IFN-b protein and gene levels. This may potentiate immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 infection and prevent viral replication and spread.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202210.0471.v1

High Seroprevalence of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Children in Vietnam: An Observational, Hospital-based Study

Dien Minh Tran, Uyen Tu Vu, Canh Ngoc Hoang, Ha Thu Thi Nguyen, Phu Huy Nguyen, Mai Chi Thi Tran, Anh Ngoc Chu, Phuc Huu Phan

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pediatrics, Perinatology And Child Health Keywords: children; seroprevalence; antibodies; SARS-CoV-2; Vietnam

Online: 31 October 2022 (07:37:55 CET)

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Background: The robustness of sero-surveillence has delineated the high burden of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children; however, these existing data showed wide variation. This study aimed to identify the serostatus of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and associated factors among children following the fourth pandemic wave in Vietnam. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Vietnam National Children’s Hospital (VNCH) between March 13 and April 3, 2022. 4,032 eligible children seeking medical care for any medical condition not related to acute Covid-19 infections was tested for IgG SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies by ADVIA Centaur® SARS-CoV-2 IgG (sCOVG) assay using the residuals of routine blood samples. Results: The median age of enrolled children was 39 (IQR=14-82) months. The overall seropositive prevalence was 59.2%, and the median antibody titer was 4.78 [IQR 2.38-9.57] UI/mL. The risk of seropositivity and the median antibody titer was not related to gender (58.6% versus 60.1%, 4.9 versus 4.6 UI/mL, all p>0.05). Among age groups, the highest seroprevalence was reported in the children aged 13 to <36 months old. Children aged ≤12 months were likely to be seropositive compared to children aged 36 to <60 months (59.2% versus 57.5%, p=0.49) and those aged ≥144 months (59.2% versus 65.5%, p=0.16). Children aged ≥144 months exhibited a significantly higher titer of protective COVID-19 antibodies than other age groups (p <0.001). In multivariate logistic regression, we observed independent factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity, including the age 13 to <36 months (OR=1.29, 95%CI=1.06-1.56, p=0.01), 60 to <144 months (OR=79, 95%CI=0.67-0.95, p=0.01), ≥144 months (OR=1.84, 95%CI=1.21-2.8, p=0.005), the presence of infected household members (OR=2.36, 95%CI=2.06–2.70, p<0.001), participants from Hanoi (OR=1.54, 95%CI=1.34-1.77, p<0.001), underlying conditions (OR=0.71, 95%CI=0.60-0.85, p<=0.001), and using corticosteroids or immunosuppressants (OR=0.64, 95%CI=0.48-0.86, p=0.003). Conclusions: This study highlights a high seroprevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 among children seeking medical care for non-COVID-19-related conditions in a tertiary children’s hospital in Hanoi, Vietnam. In the context of reopening in-person schools and future emerged COVID-19 variants, this point will also be a key message about the necessity of “rush-out” immunization coverage for children, especially those under the age of three years.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0241.v1

Epidemiological and Clinical Features of SARS-CoV-2 Variants Circulating between April-December 2021 in Italy

Alessia Lai, Annalisa Bergna, Carla Della Ventura, Stefano Menzo, Bianca Bruzzone, Fabio Sagradi, Francesca Ceccherini-Silberstein, Alessandro Weisz, Nicola Clementi, Gaetano Brindicci, Ilaria Vicenti, Lolita Sasset, Sara Caucci, Benedetta Corvaro, Silvia Ippoliti, Carla Acciarri, Vanessa De Pace, Leonardo Lanfranchi, Maria Concetta Bellocchi, Giorgio Giurato, Roberto Ferrarese, Antonella Lagioia, Daniela Francisci, Martina Laura Colombo, Samuel Lazzarin, Matilde Ogliastro, Maria Rosa Cappelletti, Marco Iannetta, Francesca Rizzo, Carmen Rita Santoro, Chiara Fraccalvieri, Sophie Testa, Luca Carioti, Teresa Rocco, Annalisa Saracino, Annamaria Cattelan, Massimo Clementi, Loredana Sarmati, Agostino Riva, Spinello Antinori, Gianguglielmo Zehender

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: variants circulation; SARS-CoV-2; Italy; epidemiology

Online: 16 September 2022 (08:07:10 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0430.v1

Anticipating the Next Chess Move: Blocking SARS-CoV-2 Replication and Simultaneously Disarming Viral Escape Mechanisms

Samir Mansour Moraes Casseb, André Salim Khayat, Jorge Estefano Santana de Souza, Edivaldo Herculano Correa de Oliveira, Sidney Emanuel Batista dos Santos, Pedro Fernando da Costa Vasconcelos, Paulo Pimentel de Assumpção

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; siRNA; Treatment

Online: 25 August 2022 (10:00:27 CEST)

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The COVID-19 pandemic initiated a race to determine the best measures to control the disease and to save as many people as possible. Efforts to implement social distancing, the use of masks, and massive vaccination programs turned out to be essential in reducing the devastating effects of the pandemic. Nevertheless, the high mutation rates of SARS-CoV-2 challenge the vaccination strategy and maintain the threat of new outbreaks due to the risk of infection surges and even lethal variations able to resist the effects of vaccines and upset the balance. Most of the new therapies tested against SARS-CoV-2 came from already available formulations developed to treat other diseases, so they were not specifically developed for SARS-CoV-2. In parallel, the knowledge produced regarding the molecular mechanisms involved in this disease was vast due to massive efforts worldwide. Taking advantage of such a vast molecular understanding of virus genomes and disease mechanisms, a targeted molecular therapy based on siRNA specifically developed to reach exclusive SARS-CoV-2 genomic sequences was tested in a non-transformed human cell model. Since coronavirus can escape from siRNA by producing siRNA inhibitors, a complex strategy to simultaneously strike both the viral infectious mechanism and the capability of evading siRNA therapy was developed. The combined administration of the chosen produced siRNA proved to be highly effective in successfully reducing viral load and keeping virus replication under control, even after many days of treatment, unlike the combinations of siRNAs lacking this anti-anti-siRNA capability. Additionally, the developed therapy did not harm the normal cells, which was demonstrated because, instead of testing the siRNA in nonhuman cells or in transformed human cells, a non-transformed human thyroid cell was specifically chosen for the experiment. The proposed siRNA combination deeply reduced the viral load throughout the experiment and allowed cellular recovery, thus representing a potential innovation, to be considered as an additional weapon for therapy of COVID-19 and even other infectious diseases.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0051.v1

SARS-CoV-2 Intermittent Virulence as A Result of Natural Selection

Alberto Rubio-Casillas, Elrashdy M. Redwan, Vladimir N. Uversky

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; Omicron; variant of concern

Online: 4 July 2022 (10:28:04 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0253.v1

No Signs of Excessive Burnout in Public Forest Officers Working in the Temperate Region During the Covid-19 Pandemic

Ernest Bielinis, Emilia Janeczko, Aneta Anna Omelan, Grażyna Furgała-Selezniow

Subject: Social Sciences, Sociology Keywords: burnout; foresters; OLBI; Sars-Cov-2; work

Online: 19 May 2022 (08:01:56 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0225.v1

Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of Arbidol in Patients with COVID-19

Yujiao Bai, Xianqin Zhang, Meng Yang, Lin Zhang, Xu Jia

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-Cov-2; arbidol; treatment

Online: 26 April 2022 (04:07:48 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0408.v1

Effects of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Osteoclast Differentiation, Activity, and Cortical Bone Formation in Postmenopausal MRONJ Patient

Sung-Min Park, Jae-Hoon Lee

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dentistry And Oral Surgery Keywords: Type 2 Diabetes; Osteoporosis; Bisphosphonate; MRONJ; Osteoclast

Online: 31 March 2022 (13:44:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0388.v1

Retrieval of Snow Albedo and Total Ozone Column from Single-View MSI/S-2 Spectral Reflectance Measurements over Antarctica

Alexander Kokhanovsky, Simon Gascoin, Laurent Arnaud, Ghislain Picard

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: snow; albedo; total ozone; MSI; S-2

Online: 22 September 2021 (15:25:12 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0654.v1

Evolutionary Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in Space and Time During the First Phase of the Epidemic in Italy

Alessia Lai, Annalisa Bergna, Stefano Toppo, Marina Morganti, Stefano Menzo, Valeria Ghisetti, Bianca Bruzzone, Mauro Codeluppi, Vito Fiore, Emmanuele Venanzi Rullo, Guido Antonelli, Loredana Sarmati, Gaetano Brindicci, Annapaola Callegaro, Caterina Sagnelli, Daniela Francisci, Ilaria Vicenti, Arianna Miola, Giovanni Tonon, Daniela Cirillo, Ilaria Menozzi, Sara Caucci, Francesco Cerutti, Andrea Orsi, Roberta Schiavo, Sergio Babudieri, Giuseppe Nunnari, Claudio M. Mastroianni, Massimo Andreoni, Laura Monno, Davide Guarneri, Nicola Coppola, Andrea Crisanti, Massimo Galli, Gianguglielmo Zehender

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; viral variants; molecular tracing

Online: 29 July 2021 (12:23:23 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0556.v1

Super-Resolution of Sentinel-2 Images at 10m Resolution without Reference Images

Yunhe Li, Bo Li

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: super-resolution; generative adversarial network; Sentinel-2

Online: 21 April 2021 (08:25:54 CEST)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0122.v1

Gastrointestinal Manifestation of Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection in an Immunocompromised Dog

Elizabeth M. Lennon, Alfonso Oceguera, Eli Braun, Stephen D. Cole, Nolan V. Chalifoux, Jillian Whelan, Nuala Meyer, Kimberly Slensky, Andreanne Cleroux, Susan R. Weiss, Una O'Doherty, Shelley C. Rankin

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; canine; gastrointestinal; infection; virus

Online: 5 April 2021 (12:23:45 CEST)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0596.v1

Treatment of Covid-19 with Minocycline and a Guanosine-Restricted Diet: Case Report

Steven Baranowitz, Marie Nrekaj

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Covid-19, SARS-CoV-2, drug repurposing

Online: 23 December 2020 (15:58:38 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0203.v4

Face Masks Against COVID-19: An Evidence Review

Jeremy Howard, Austin Huang, Zhiyuan Li, Zeynep Tufekci, Vladimir Zdimal, Helene-Mari van der Westhuizen, Arne von Delft, Amy Price, Lex Fridman, Lei-Han Tang, Viola Tang, Gregory L. Watson, Christina E. Bax, Reshama Shaikh, Frederik Questier, Danny Hernandez, Larry F. Chu, Christina M. Ramirez, Anne W. Rimoin

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; masks; pandemic

Online: 2 November 2020 (10:18:00 CET)

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The science around the use of masks by the general public to impede COVID-19 transmission is advancing rapidly. Policymakers need guidance on how masks should be used by the general population to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. In this narrative review, we develop an analytical framework to examine mask usage, considering and synthesizing the relevant literature to inform multiple areas: population impact; transmission characteristics; source control; PPE; sociological considerations; and implementation considerations. A primary route of transmission of COVID-19 is via respiratory droplets, and is known to be transmissible from presymptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. Reducing disease spread requires two things: first, limit contacts of infected individuals via physical distancing and other measures, and second, reduce the transmission probability per contact. The preponderance of evidence indicates that mask wearing reduces the transmissibility per contact by reducing transmission of infected droplets in both laboratory and clinical contexts. Public mask wearing is most effective at reducing spread of the virus when compliance is high. The decreased transmissibility could substantially reduce the death toll and economic impact while the cost of the intervention is low. Given the current shortages of medical masks we recommend the adoption of public cloth mask wearing, as an effective form of source control, in conjunction with existing hygiene, distancing, and contact tracing strategies. Because many respiratory droplets become smaller due to evaporation, we recommend increasing focus on a previously overlooked aspect of mask usage: mask-wearing by infectious people ("source control") with benefits at the population-level, rather than mask-wearing by susceptible people, such as health-care workers, with focus on individual outcomes. We recommend that public officials and governments strongly encourage the use of widespread face masks in public, including the use of appropriate regulation.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0114.v1

Role of Cigarette Smoke on ACE-2 Protein Membrane Expression in Bronchial Epithelial Cells Using an Air-Liquid Interface Model

Massimo Caruso, Alfio Distefano, Rosalia Emma, Michelino Di Rosa, Giuseppe Carota, Sonja Rust, Riccardo Polosa, Pietro Zuccarello, Margherita Ferrante, Giuseppina Raciti, Giovanni Li Volti

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: ACE-2; nicotine; smoke; cigarette; epithelial cells.

Online: 6 October 2020 (09:43:40 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0040.v2

Expression Pattern of the SARS-CoV-2 Entry Genes ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in the Respiratory Tract

Yichuan Liu, Hui-Qi Qu, Jingchun Qu, Lifeng Tian, Hakon Hakonarson

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: ACE2; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; TMPRSS2

Online: 28 September 2020 (03:19:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0487.v1

COVID-19 Mortality Risk Assessment among Various Age Groups using Phylogenetic Analysis

Pawan Verma, Rasha Elkaffas, Oluwasefunmi C. Shodunke, Pavlo Hrab, Oluwatobiloba H. Adebayo, Humaira Marzia Alam, Wilson Gbedema, Mosadoluwa A. Agbonyin, Ahmed M. Osman, Joseph O. Igbokwe, Harinath Sudarsanam, Ayodeji Adepoju, Ohilebo A. Abass, Sola R. Olorunfemi, Sarah O. Oladejo, Sonaike Semilogo, Jairo Hurtado, Shahida Ferdousee, Josiah Aminu Peter, Adetutu D. Oluwasanmi, Sheriff T. Agbaje, Alexandra Sheen, Mukul Sharma, Opeyemi Ibitoye, Ahmed El-Gammal, Olaleye T. Olutunde, Meera Krishna, Tracy-allen M. Ezechukwu, Sarah H. Carl

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; Phylogenetics; mortality

Online: 21 September 2020 (03:35:15 CEST)

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The age-related mortality and morbidity risk of COVID-19 has been considered speculative without enough scientific evidence. This study aimed to collect more evidence on the association between patient age and risk of severe disease state and/or mortality from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Genomic dataset along with metadata (3608 samples) retrieved from GISAID from different geographical regions were grouped into 10 age groups (0-10, 11-20, 21-30, 31-40, 41-50, 51-60, 61-70, 71-80, 81-90, 91-100 years) as well as high-risk or low-risk according to patient clinical status. Genomic sequences were aligned and analyzed using MAFFT and FASTTREE to build a phylogenetic tree in order to identify age-risk associations based on phylogenetic clustering. Case fatality rates (CFR), as well as the Odds ratio (OR) for high-risk outcomes, were calculated for different age groups. Results revealed that individuals aged between 25-50 years have the best immune response to the infection. On the other hand, disease fatality was higher in patients aging above 50 years. We created an application to calculate the OR of being at high risk given a certain age threshold from GISAID datasets. OR values increased between ages 1-10 years (1.271) and 11-20 years (1.313) but reduced at age range 21-30 years (1.290) and increased again for 61-70 years (2.465). CFR calculated for each of the age groups had peak values at 90-100 years (26.8%) and the lowest at 0-10 years (0%). The CFR for ages above 50 years was about twice greater (11.6%-26.8%) than that for ages below (0-6.6%). The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the majority of samples obtained from India showed low-risk among different age groups and were defined as clade GH. Another cluster from Singapore visualization showed unfavorable patient outcome across several age groups and were classified under clade O. To conclude, this study analyses showed a variety of age-risk associations. As scientists from different countries upload more genomes to globally shared databases, more evidence will reinforce mortality risk associations in COVID-19 patients.

Preprint TECHNICAL NOTE | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0659.v1

Noisy Genome Data and Faulty Clade Statistics Undermine Conclusions on SARS-CoV-2 Evolution and Strain Typing in the Brazilian Epidemy: A Technical Note

Marcelo R. S. Briones, Fernando Antoneli, Renata C. Ferreira, Isabel M. V. G. Carvalho, Luiz M. R. Janini

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; Viral Evolution

Online: 30 August 2020 (11:22:12 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Bringing Onco-innovation to Europe's Healthcare Systems: The Potential of Biomarker Testing, Real World Evidence, Tumour Agnostic Therapies to Empower Personalised Medicine

Denis Horgan, Gennaro Ciliberto, Pierfranco Conte, Giuseppe Curigliano, Luis Seijo, Luis M. Montuenga, Marina Garassino, Frederique Penault-Llorca, Fabrizia Galli, Isabelle Ray-Coquard, Denis Querleu, Peter Riegman, Keith Kerr, Hendrik Van Poppel, Anders Bjartell, Giovanni Codacci-Pisanelli, Benedikt Westphalen, Jasmina Koeva-Balabanova, Angelo Paradiso, Zorana Maravic, Vassiliki Fotaki, Nuria Malats, Chiara Bernini, Simonetta Buglioni, Alastair Kent, Elisabetta Munzone, Ivica Belina, Jan Van Meerbeeck, Michael Duffy, Beata Jagielska, Ettore Capoluongo

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: cancer biomarkers; BRCA1/2; genomics; European recommendation

Online: 18 August 2020 (16:30:04 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0307.v1

Bringing onco-innovation to Europe’s healthcare systems: the unexploited potential of biomarker testing, real world evidence and the potential of Tumour Agnostics. The lesson from BRCA1/2 genetic testing

Denis Horgan, Gennaro CILIBERTO, Pierfranco Conte, Giuseppe CURIGLIANO, Luis Seijo, Luis M. Montuenga, Luis Paz-Ares, Marina Chiara Garassino, Penault-Llorca Frederique, Fabrizia GALLI, Isabelle Ray-Coquard, Denis Querleu, David R. Baldwin, Susana Banerjee, Peter H.J. Riegman, Keith Kerr, Benjamin Horbach, Reinhard Büttner, Hendrik Van Poppel, Anders Bjartell, Giovanni Codacci-Pisanelli, Westphalen Christoph Benedikt, Fabien CALVO, Jasmina Koeva-Balabanova, Stephen Hall, Angelo Virgilio Paradiso, Dipak. Kalra, Christa M. Cobbaert, Rocio Varea Mendez, Zorana Maravic, Vassiliki Fotaki, Jaafar Bennouna, Estelle Cauchin, Núria Malats, Iñaki Gutiérrez-Ibarluzea, Benjamin Gannon, Ken Mastris, Chiara Benini, William M. Gallagher, Simonetta Buglioni, Alastair Kent, Elisabetta Munzone, Ivica Belina, Jan P. van Meerbeeck, Michael Joe Duffy, Elzbieta. Sarnowska, Beata Jagielska, Sarah Mee, Ettore Domenico Capoluongo

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: cancer biomarkers, BRCA1/2, genomics; European recommendation

Online: 14 August 2020 (04:27:45 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0270.v1

Use of Isoelectric Point for Fast Identification of Anti-SARS CoV-2 Coronavirus Proteins

Kanad Mallik

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: isoelectric point; anti-viral; SARS CoV-2

Online: 16 May 2020 (16:51:36 CEST)

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Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0061.v1

Lysosomotropic Active Compounds—Hidden Protection against COVID-19 / SARS-CoV-2 Infection?

Markus Blaess, Lars Kaiser, Martin Sauer, Hans-Peter Deigner

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacology And Toxicology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; Lysosomotropism; Chloroquine

Online: 5 May 2020 (04:29:48 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0532.v1

Potential Role of Cellular Senescence on Coronavirus Infections

Prem Chapagain

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: cellular senescence; SARS-CoV-2; coronavirus; aging

Online: 30 April 2020 (13:58:41 CEST)

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Preprint SHORT NOTE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0363.v2

Neutrophil Involvement in Covid-19

Athanasios Didangelos

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Covid-19; SARS-Cov-2; inflammation; neutrophil

Online: 22 April 2020 (06:23:01 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Mycophenolate Mofetil Is Active Against SARS-CoV-2 in Vero E6 Cells

Yang He, Rongjuan Pei, Zhijian Xu, Zhen Chen, Shuqi Xiao, Han Xia, Jin Xiong, Weiliang Zhu, Bo Zhang, Jingshan Shen

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: mycophenolate mofetil; SARS-CoV-2; DHODH; IMPDH2

Online: 21 April 2020 (08:19:11 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0304.v1

Neurological Complications of Pandemic COVID-19: What Have We Got So Far?

Isabelle Pastor Bandeira, Marco Antônio Machado Schlindwein, Leticia Caroline Breis, Jean Pierre Schatzmann Peron, Marcus Vinicius Magno Gonçalves

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Neurology; coronavirus

Online: 17 April 2020 (15:27:14 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0299.v1

Remdesivir: A Review of Its Discovery and Development Leading to Human Clinical Trials for Treatment of COVID-19

Richard T. Eastman, Jacob S. Roth, Kyle R. Brimacombe, Anton Simeonov, Min Shen, Samarjit Patnaik, Matthew D. Hall

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacology And Toxicology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; coronavirus; remdesivir

Online: 17 April 2020 (13:02:03 CEST)

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Preprint CONCEPT PAPER | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0282.v1

Structural Deviation and Identification of Novel Inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Through Molecular Docking: An In Silico Study

Anindya Panja, Aniket Sarkar

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; Penicillamine; spike protein; docking

Online: 16 April 2020 (15:44:39 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0218.v1

Walking Speed is the Sole Determinant of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Japanese Patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Noritaka Machii, Akihiro Kudo, Haruka Saito, Hayato Tanabe, Mariko Iwasaki, Hiroyuki Hirai, Hiroaki Masuzaki, Michio Shimabukuro

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Endocrinology And Metabolism Keywords: type 2 diabetes mellitus; walking speed; sarcopenia

Online: 14 April 2020 (08:45:26 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0184.v2

Serological Test is an Efficient Supplement for Detecting RNA to Confirm SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Ning-Shao Xia, Gui-Qiang Wang, Wen-Feng Gong

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; diagnosis; antibody; serology; screening

Online: 6 April 2020 (14:09:34 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0045.v1

The Conceptual Framework for SARS-CoV-2 Related Lymphopenia

Ilnaz Rahimmanesh, Shirin Kouhpayeh, Hossein Khanahmad

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; lymphopenia; NAD+ depletion; CD38

Online: 6 April 2020 (09:28:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201912.0219.v1

NOS-2 Participates in the Behavioral Effects of Ethanol Withdrawal in Zebrafish

Suianny Nayara da Silva Chaves, Bruna Patrícia Dutra Costa, Gabriela Cristini Vidal Gomes, Monica Lima-Maximino, Eduardo Pacheco Rico, Caio Maximino

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Nitric oxide; NOS-2; Ethanol withdrawal; Zebrafish

Online: 16 December 2019 (11:54:10 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201901.0171.v2

Identification of Critical Source Areas (CSAs) and Evaluation of Best Management Practices (BMPs) in Controlling Eutrophication in the Dez River Basin

Hadi Babaei, Mohammad Nazari-Sharabian, Moses Karakouzian, Sajjad Ahmad

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: water quality; SWAT; SWAT-CUP; SUFI-2

Online: 18 February 2019 (09:07:54 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0270.v1

The Geometrical Basis of PT Symmetry

Luis Sanchez-Soto, Juan J. Monzón

Subject: Physical Sciences, Optics And Photonics Keywords: PPT symmetry; SL(2, C); hyperbolic geometry

Online: 12 October 2018 (12:42:28 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201801.0233.v1

Comparing the Potential of Multispectral and Hyperspectral Data for Monitoring Oil Spill Impact

Shruti Khanna, Maria J. Santos, Susan L. Ustin, Kristen Shapiro, Paul J. Haverkamp, Mui Lay

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: vegetation indices; LANDSAT; WorldView-2; RapidEye; AVIRIS

Online: 25 January 2018 (04:37:02 CET)

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Oil spills from offshore drilling and coastal refineries often cause degradation of coastal wetlands that can take a long time to recover. Early oil detection may prevent losses and speed up recovery if monitoring of the initial oil extent, oil impact, and recovery are in place. Satellite imagery data can provide a cost-effective alternative to expensive airborne imagery or labor intensive field campaigns for monitoring effects of oil spills on wetlands. However, these satellite data may be restricted in their ability to detect and map ecosystem recovery post-spill given their spectral measurement properties and temporal frequency. In this study, we assessed whether spatial and spectral resolution, and other sensor characteristics influence the ability to detect and map vegetation stress and die-off due to oil. We compared how well three satellite multispectral sensors: WorldView2, RapidEye and Landsat EMT+, match the ability of the airborne hyperspectral AVIRIS sensor to map oil-induced vegetation stress, recovery, and die-off after the DeepWater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010. We found that finer spatial resolution (3.5m) provided better delineation of the oil-impacted wetlands and better detection of vegetation stress along oiled shorelines in saltmarsh wetland ecosystems. As spatial resolution become coarser (3.5m to 30m) the ability to accurately detect and map stressed vegetation decreased. Spectral resolution did improve the detection and mapping of oil-impacted wetlands but less strongly than spatial resolution, suggesting that broad-band data may be sufficient to detect and map oil-impacted wetlands. AVIRIS narrow-band data performs better detecting vegetation stress, followed by WorldView2, RapidEye and then Landsat 15m (pan sharpened) data. Higher quality sensor optics and higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) may also improve detection and mapping of oil-impacted wetlands; we found that resampled coarser resolution AVIRIS data with higher SNR performed better than either of the three satellite sensors. The ability to acquire imagery during certain times (midday, low tide, etc.) or a certain date is also important in these tidal wetlands; WorldView2 imagery captured at high-tide detected a narrower band of shoreline affected by oil likely because some of the impacted wetland was below the tideline. These results suggest that while multispectral data may be sufficient for detecting the extent of oil-impacted wetlands, high spectral and spatial resolution, high-quality sensor characteristics, and the ability to control time of image acquisition may improve assessment and monitoring of vegetation stress and recovery post oil spills.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.0771.v1

The Interplay between 2-Arachidonoylglycerol and Anandamide Amidohydrolase in Neuropathy

Iddrisu Ibrahim, Joseph Ayariga, Junhuan Xu, Boakai Robertson, Olufemi Ajayi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Life Sciences Keywords: Endocannabinoid system (ECS); Anandamide; 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG); CB1 receptors; CB2 receptors; Enzymes FAAH and MAGL; Neuropathies; Cannabinoids

Online: 13 May 2024 (12:30:30 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1252.v1

Regulatory and Sensing Iron-Sulfur Clusters: New Insights and Unanswered Questions

Anna M. SantaMaria, Tracey A. Rouault

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Iron-sulfur clusters; iron metabolism; iron sensing; IRE; PAIR; Aft1/2; IRP1/2; RirA; Yap5; ACO1; IREB2; HSCB

Online: 22 February 2024 (09:23:28 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0749.v2

SARS-CoV-2 Nsp5 Protein Causes Acute Lung Inflammation: A Dynamical Mathematical Model

José Díaz, Elena R. Álvarez-Buylla, Antonio Bensussen

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Mathematical And Computational Biology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2 infection; Interleukin 6; NFB; Nsp5; Cox2; SARS-CoV-2 interactome; Nonlinear dynamics of inflammation

Online: 15 March 2021 (12:18:02 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.1559.v1

Serum Otoconin-90 and Otolin-1 Levels in Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo

Demet Aygun, Seyma Dumur, Mehmet Nuri Elgormus, Mehmet Serkan Alpaslan, Hafize Uzun

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Clinical Medicine Keywords: Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo; otolith‑associated protein otoconin‑90; otolin-1; vitamin D

Online: 19 September 2024 (16:45:53 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.2067.v1

Anti-Obesity Medication and Household Food Waste

Jamil Mansouri, Brian E. Roe

Subject: Business, Economics And Management, Other Keywords: food waste; anti-obesity medications; Glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist; U.S. consumers; survey

Online: 28 August 2024 (20:20:28 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.1958.v1

Caveolae with GLP-1 and NMDA Receptors as Crossfire Points for the Innovative Treatment of Cognitive Dysfunction with Neurodegenerative Diseases

Moeka Nakashima, Naoko Suga, Sayuri Yoshikawa, Satoru Matsuda

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: caveolae; caveolin; glucagon-like peptide-1; NMDA; autophagy; mitophagy; cognitive dysfunction; Alzheimer's disease

Online: 24 July 2024 (11:52:56 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.1297.v1

The Effect of Sundarbans Honey vs Energy Drinks on Exercise, Fatigue, and Antioxidant Defense via NRF2/HO-1 Pathway – An Experiment in Mice

Al Azim, Jakir Hossain, Halil İbrahim Ceylan, Gilmara Gomes de Assis, Paulo Francisco Almeida-Neto, Khalid Hasan Hanif, Kamal Krishna Biswas, Jannatul Mauwa, Mahafuja Khatun, Mehedi Hasan Mithon, Nicola Luigi Bragazzi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: Exercise-induced fatigue; oxidative stress; inflammatory response; antioxidant cell defense; Nrf2; HO-1

Online: 16 July 2024 (08:21:12 CEST)

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Excessive oxidative stress and exercise-induced fatigue reduce physical performance and can lead to dysfunction in antioxidant systems within muscular and hepatic tissues. Integrating natural substances with exercise may mitigate fatigue via anti-oxidant effects. This study aims to compare and evaluate the effects of exercise and supplementation with Sundarbans honey vs energy drinks on the strength, anxiety physiological profiles, and hepatic antioxidant capacity in mice undergoing extraneous exercise and fatigue. Forty-eight four-week-old Swiss albino mice were randomly assigned to one of eight groups: (1) Control, (2) Speed™ (Sp), (3) Royal Tiger™ (RT), (4) Sundarbans Honey (SH), (5) Exercise (Ex), (6) Exercise + Sundarbans Honey (Ex+SH), (7) Exercise + Speed™ (Ex+Sp), and (8) Exercise + Royal Tiger™ (Ex+RT). Supplements were administered via oral gavage: Sp (2.5 ml/kg BW), RT (2.5 ml/kg BW), and SH (1 g/kg BW), four times a week for 60 days. Mice in the Ex, Ex+SH, Ex+Sp, and Ex+RT groups underwent daily swimming and running. The strength, fatigue, anxiety levels, lipid profiles, and antioxidant biomarkers were evaluated post-treatment. The SH, Ex, and Ex+SH groups exhibited significantly enhanced physical performance (p<0.05). Plasma lipid profiles, including LDL, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and fatigue-related biomarkers (ALP, AST, ALT, LDH, CK, LA, BUN, and glucose) were markedly increased in the Sp and RT groups but decreased in the SH, Ex, and Ex+SH groups compared to control (p<0.05). Exercise-induced fatigue elevated the Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant defense system in liver tissue. IL-6 levels were reduced in the SH, Ex, and Ex+SH groups (p<0.05). These findings indicate that regular exercise combined with SH supplementation increases strength and improves lipid profiles, reducing exercise-induced oxidative stress and fatigue via modulation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in liver tissue. These results highlight SH supplementation’s potential as a complementary strategy to enhance exercise outcomes and mitigate exercise-induced stress.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.1916.v1

Receptors Involved in COVID-19-Related Anosmia: An Update on the Pathophysiology and the Mechanistic Aspects

Noor N. Al-Saigh, Amani A. Harb, Shtaywy Abdalla

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Life Sciences Keywords: ACE2 receptor; anosmia; basigin; COVID-19; neuropilin 1; sustentacular cells; TRPV1; purinergic receptors

Online: 27 June 2024 (10:49:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.0433.v1

Astrosat SXT X-ray Spectrum Changes over the 35-Day Cycle in Hercules X-1

Denis Leahy, Riddhiman Sharma

Subject: Physical Sciences, Astronomy And Astrophysics Keywords: binaries; eclipsing — star; neutron— stars; individual (HZ Her/ Her X-1)

Online: 7 June 2024 (08:00:20 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.1360.v1

The Temperature Dependence of Hydrogen Bonds Is More Uniform in Stable Proteins: Analysis of NMR ^h3J_NC’ Couplings in Four Protein States

Andrei T Alexandrescu, Aurelio J Dregni

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biophysics Keywords: protein folding; m-value; chi-1 angle temperature dependence; structure conservation; NMR structure

Online: 21 May 2024 (09:07:32 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0302.v1

IL-10 and IL-1β Serum Levels, Genetic Variants, and Metabolic Syndrome: Insights into Older Adults' Clinical Characteristics

Renata de Souza Freitas, Calliandra Maria De Souza Silva, Caroline Caroline Ferreira Fratelli, Luciano Ramos de Lima, Marina Morato Stival, Silvana Schwerz Funghetto, Izabel Cristina Rodrigues da Silva, Rosângela Vieira de Andrade

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Primary Health Care Keywords: Metabolic Syndrome; Interlekine-10; Interlekine-1β ; older population; IL10 rs1800890; IL1B rs1143627

Online: 6 March 2024 (11:09:09 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1046.v1

Differential Regulation of Age-Dependent Neurodegeneration and Buildup Human Phosphorylated Tau in Neurons in Drosophila by ATG14L, ATG6/Beclin 1 and VPS34

Chia-Lung Chuang, Yan-Rui Lin, Yi-Han Tu, Hao Chi, Tzu-Kang Sang, Hui-Yun Chang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Autophagy; Alzheimer’s disease; ATG14L; Beclin 1; VPS34; Neurodegenerative disease; GFP-mCherry-LC3; Tau

Online: 20 February 2024 (06:35:17 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0762.v1

Distinctive Culture Expressions of Enterobacteria Interfering With Isolation of Salmonella spp. During the Application of the Recommended ISO 6579–1:2017

Grammato Evangelopoulou, Angeliki R Burriel, Nikolaos Solomakos

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Other Keywords: salmonella; isolation; ISO 6579-1:2017; pre-enrichment; selective media; culture methods; swine

Online: 12 December 2023 (03:24:16 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0439.v1

Revisiting the Role of PD-L1 Overexpression in Prognosis and Clinicopathological Features in Patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Fernando Leporace-Jimenez, Isabel Portillo-Hernandez, Justino Jimenez-Almonacid, Ignacio Zubillaga Rodriguez, María Mejía-Nieto, Pablo Caballero Pedrero, Gregorio Sanchez-Aniceto

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: Oral cancer; OSCC; PD-L1; PD-1; prognosis factor; oral squamous cell carcinoma

Online: 7 December 2023 (07:37:29 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0073.v2

Cellular Processes Induced by HSV-1 Infections in Vestibular Neuritis

Zhengdong Zhao, Xiaozhou Liu, Yanjun Zong, Xinyu Shi, Yu Sun

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Keywords: Herpesvirus; Herpes Simplex virus Type 1; Human cytomegalovirus; Vestibular neuritis; Celler processes

Online: 1 December 2023 (10:16:05 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0040.v1

Novel Energy-Saving Strategies in Apple Fruit Storage

Felix Büchele, Kiran Hivare, Kartik Khera, Fabio Rodrigo Thewes, Luis Carlos Argenta, Tuany Gabriela Hoffmann, Pramod V. Mahajan, Robert K. Prange, Sunil Pareek, Daniel Alexandre Neuwald

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Horticulture Keywords: fruit storage; energy savings; carbon footprint; 1-MCP; DCA; digital twin; SDG 12

Online: 1 December 2023 (05:17:58 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0045.v1

Cell Culture Evaluation Suggests Widely Available HIV Drugs Will Make Effective HTLV-1 Prophylactics

Mphatso D. Kalemera, Goedele N. Maertens

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: HTLV-1; integrase; INSTI; dolutegravir; reverse transcriptase; TAF; capsid; lenacapavir; vertical transmission; PrEP

Online: 1 November 2023 (09:21:13 CET)

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With an estimated 10 million people infected, the deltaretrovirus human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the second most prevalent pathogenic retrovirus in humans after HIV-1. Like HIV-1, HTLV-1 overwhelmingly persists in a host via a reservoir of latently infected CD4+ T cells. Although most patients are asymptomatic, HTLV-1-associated pathologies are often debilitating and include childhood infective dermatitis and adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma (ATLL), which presents in mature adulthood and is associated with poor prognosis with short overall survival despite treatment. Curiously, the strongest indicator for the development of ATLL is the acquisition of HTLV-1 through breastfeeding. There are no therapeutic or preventative regimens for HTLV-1. However, antiretrovirals (ARVs), which target the essential retrovirus enzymes, have been developed for and transformed HIV therapy. Since the architectures of retroviral enzyme active sites are highly conserved, some HIV-specific compounds may be active against HTLV-1. Here, we expand on our work showing that integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) and some nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) block HTLV-1 transmission in cell culture. Specifically, we find that dolutegravir, the INSTI currently recommended as the basis of all new combination antiretroviral therapy prescriptions, and the latest prodrug formulation of the NRTI tenofovir, tenofovir alafenamide, also potently inhibit HTLV-1 infection in cell culture. Our results, if replicated in a clinical setting, could see transmission rates of HTLV-1 and future caseloads of HTLV-1-associated pathologies like ATLL dramatically cut via the simple redistribution of already widely available HIV pills to HTLV-1 endemic areas. Considering our findings with the old medical saying ‘it’s better to prevent than cure’, we highly recommend the inclusion of INSTIs and tenofovir prodrugs in upcoming HTLV-1 clinical trials as potential prophylactics.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0751.v1

Cyclin B Export to the Cytoplasm via the Nup62 Subcomplex and Its Subsequent Rapid Nuclear Import Are Required for the Initiation of Drosophila Male Meiosis

Kanta Yamazoe, Yoshihiro H. Inoue

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: Drosophila; male meiosis; cyclin B; Cyclin-dependent kinase 1; Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors

Online: 12 October 2023 (05:32:28 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0419.v1

Endothelial Effects of Simultaneous Expression of Human HO-1, E5NT, and ENTPD1 in a Mouse

Paulina Mierzejewska, Noemi Di Marzo, Magdalena A. Zabielska-Kaczorowska, Iga Walczak, Ewa M. Słominska, Marialuisa Lavitrano, Roberto Giovannoni, Barbara Kutryb-Zajac, Ryszard T. Smolenski

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: adenosine; ecto-5’-nucleotidase; ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1; nucleotide metabolism; xenotransplantation; endothelium

Online: 6 September 2023 (11:13:41 CEST)

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The vascular endothelium is key target for immune, and thrombotic responses that has to be controlled in successful xenotransplantation. Several genes were identified that if induced or overexpressed help to regulate the inflammatory response and preserve the transplanted organ function and metabolism. However, few studies addressed combined expression of such genes. The aim of this work was to evaluate in vivo the effects of the simultaneous expression of a three human genes in a mouse generated using the multi-cistronic F2A technology. Male 3-month-old mice that express human heme oxygenase 1 (hHO-1), ecto-5’-nucleotidase (hE5NT), and ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (hENTPD1) (Transgenic) were compared to wild-type FVB mice (Control). Background analysis include extracellular nucleotide catabolism enzymes profile on the aortic surface, blood nucleotide concentration and serum L-arginine metabolites. Furthermore, inflammatory stress induced by LPS in transgenic and control mice was used to characterize interleukin 6 (IL-6) and adhesion molecules endothelium permeabil-ity responses. Transgenic mice had significantly higher rates of extracellular adenosine triphosphate and adenosine monophosphate hydrolysis on the aortic surface in comparison to control. Increased levels of blood AMP and adenosine were also noticed in transgenics. Moreover, transgenic ani-mals demonstrated the decrease in serum monomethyl-L-arginine level and a higher L-arginine/ monomethyl-L-arginine ratio. Importantly, significantly decreased serum IL-6, and adhesion mol-ecule levels were observed in transgenic mice in comparison to control after LPS treatment. Fur-thermore, reduced endothelial permeability in the LPS-treated transgenic mice was noted as com-pared to LPS-treated control. The human enzymes (hHO-1, hE5NT, hENTPD1) simultaneously encoded in transgenic mice demonstrated benefits in sev-eral biochemical and functional aspects of endothelium. This is consistent in use of this approach in the context of xenotransplantation.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0289.v1

Investigating Correlations and Calibration of SMAP-Sentinel L2 and In-situ Soil Moisture in Thailand

Apiniti Jotisankasa, Kritanai Torsri, Soravis Supavetch, Kajornsak Sirirodwattanakool, Nuttasit Thonglert, Rati Sawangwattanaphaibun, Apiwat Faikrua, Pattarapoom Peangta, Jakrapop Akaranee

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Remote Sensing Keywords: soil moisture; remote sensing; SMAP; Sentinel-1; soil-water retention curve; validation; Thailand

Online: 6 September 2023 (03:46:43 CEST)

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Soil moisture plays a crucial role in various hydrological processes and energy partitioning of the global surface. The Soil Moisture Active Passive-Sentinel (SMAP-Sentinel) remote sensing technology has demonstrated a great potential in monitoring soil moisture at a scale greater than 1 km. This capability can be applied to improve weather forecast accuracy, enhance water management for agriculture, and climate-related disasters. Despite the techniques increasing used worldwide, its accuracy still requires field validation in specific regions like Thailand. In this paper, we report on extensive in-situ monitoring of soil moisture (from surface up to 1 m depth) at 10 stations across Thailand spanning the years 2021 to 2023. The aim was to validate SMAP surface soil moisture (SSM) Level 2 product over a period of two years. Using one month averaging approach, the study revealed linear relationships between the two measurement types, with the coefficient of determination (R-squared) varying from 0.13 to 0.58. Notably, areas with more uniform land use and topography such as croplands tended to have a better coefficient of determination. We also conducted detailed soil core characterization, including soil-water retention curves, permeability, porosity, and other physics properties. These soil properties were then used for estimating the correlation constants between SMAP and in-situ soil moistures using multiple linear regression. The results demonstrated R-squared values between 0.933 and 0.847. An upscaling approach of SMAP was proposed which showed a promising results when using 3-month average of all measurements in cropland together. The finding also suggest that the SMAP-Sentinel remote sensing technology exhibits significant potential for accurate soil moisture monitoring in diverse applications. Further validation efforts and research, particularly in terms of root zone depths and area-based assessments, especially in the agricultural sector, can greatly improve the technology’s effectiveness and usefulness in the region.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0699.v1

Unleashing the Ligno-Hemicellulolytic Enzyme Potential of Pyrenophora phaeocomes S-1: A Solid State Fermentation Approach for Efficient Delignification of Corn Stover

Shubhangi Rastogi, Raman Soni, Apurav Sharma, Sanjeev Kumar Soni

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Life Sciences Keywords: Biological pretreatment; Ligno-hemicellulolytic enzymes; Corn stover; Enzymatic hydrolysis; Pyrenophora phaeocomes S-1

Online: 9 June 2023 (10:28:39 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2003.v1

3-Iodothyronamine (T1AM) Reduces Inflammatory Response in Human Microglial HMC3 Cell Line

Beatrice Polini, Caterina Ricardi, Andrea Bertolini, Vittoria Carnicelli, Grazia Rutigliano, Federica Saponaro, Riccardo Zucchi, Grazia Chiellini

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: neurodegeneration; microglia; inflammation; neuroprotection; trace-amine associated receptors type 1 (TAAR1); 3-iodothyronamine

Online: 29 May 2023 (09:35:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1512.v1

The Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Cannabis Sativa Extracts on LPS-Induced Cytokines Release in Immune and Non-Immune Cells in Vitro

Mariia Zaiachuk, Santosh V Suryavanshi, Nazar Pryimak, Igor Kovalchuk, Olga Kovalchuk

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: cannabidiol; delta-9-hydrocannabinol; CBD; THC; THP-1 macrophages; Cannabis sativa; inflammation; lipopolysaccharide

Online: 22 May 2023 (11:00:01 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0569.v1

A Novel Animal Model in Diabetes Research: Regeneration of β cells in the Axolotl Salamander?

Pernille Lajer Sørensen, Anita Dittrich, Henrik Lauridsen

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Endocrinology And Metabolism Keywords: diabetes; type 1 diabetes; regeneration; axolotl; salamander; beta cell; beta cell regeneration; streptozotocin

Online: 31 January 2023 (04:11:24 CET)

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Diabetes is a group of diseases characterized by loss of β cell mass and/or -function, resulting in hyperglycemia. Approx. 537 million people worldwide suffer from diabetes – a number which is expected to increase. Diabetes is primarily treated by exogenous insulin, which comes with the challenges of maintaining glycemic control to prevent ketoacidosis and severe complications. The need for a curative treatment has initiated the research in β cell regeneration. Several studies in mice have identified essential genes for β cell fate, which can be manipulated in other cells to induce generation of new β cells. Zebrafish, a regeneration-positive animal model, has shown several different sources of new β cells, including regeneration by self-replication, neogenesis by duct-associated progenitor cells, and transdifferentiation of other endocrine islet cells. The animal models used in this research area are either limited by their low regenerative ability (mice), or their small size and remoteness from humans (zebrafish). There is a need for new animal models of diabetes, in which the molecular pathways of endogenous regeneration can be studied. This study proposes the axolotl salamander (Ambystoma mexicanum) as a model for studying the regeneration of β cells. The axolotl has shown great regenerative capability, as they have proven capable of regenerating amputated limbs, and hearts with myocardial infarction, among other organs. This study aims to establish a diabetic axolotl model, investigate their regenerative ability in the pancreas, and examine the potential systemic effects of the induced disease. In a pilot study, five different protocols using STZ (streptozotocin) were tested, and the most optimal protocol was found. Furthermore, the glucose tolerance test was optimized to characterize the glycemic state of the animals. The effect of the treatment on blood glucose levels was measured to characterize the development and decline of the disease. The histological changes in the pancreas were examined. Moreover, the systemic effects of the STZ treatment were investigated in blood and urine. The study indicated that it is possible to induce diabetes in the axolotl, but variations between the animals should be minimized, or the sample size should be increased to conduct a satisfying experiment, as it was not possible to induce diabetes in all animals. Regeneration was not observed histologically, but a restoration of blood glucose levels was seen over the span of the experiment. Lastly, edema formation was observed in some of the STZ-treated animals, but the cause of edema remains undetermined.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0318.v1

Reversal of CSF HIV-1 Escape During Treatment of HIV-Associated Cryptococcal Meningitis in Botswana

Nametso Kelentse, Sikhulile Moyo, Kesaobaka Molebatsi, Olorato Morerinyane, Shatho Bitsang, Ontlametse T. Bareng, Kwana Lechiile, Tshepo B. Leeme, David S. Lawrence, Ishmael Kasvosve, Rosemary Musonda, Mosepele Mosepele, Thomas S. Harrison, Joseph N. Jarvis, Simani Gaseitsiwe

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: HIV; cryptococcal meningitis; HIV-1 viral load; cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) viral escape; Botswana

Online: 24 May 2022 (04:20:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0409.v1

Analysis of Air Pollutant Emissions for Mechanized Rice Cultivation in Korea

Gyu Gang Han, Jun Hyuk Jeon, Yong Jin Cho, Myoung Ho Kim, Seong Min Kim

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Air Pollutant Emissions; Rice Cultivation; Agricultural Machinery; Tier 1 Methodology; Geographic Information System

Online: 27 October 2021 (13:22:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0305.v1

Krüppel-Homologue 1 Mediates Hormonally-Regulated Dominance Rank in a Social Insect

Atul Pandey, Guy Bloch

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Insect Science Keywords: Krüppel-homologue 1; juvenile hormone; vitellogenin; RNA interference; nanoparticles; reproduction; dominance; aggression; oogenesis

Online: 17 September 2021 (11:18:45 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0288.v1

One-dimensional (1D) Nanostructured Materials for Energy Applications

Abniel Machín, Kenneth Fontánez, Juan C Arango, Dayna M Ortiz, Jimmy De León, Sergio Pinillas, Valeria Nicolosi, Florian I Petrescu, Carmen Morant, Francisco Márquez

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Nanotechnology Keywords: 1-D Nanomaterials; Nanotubes; Nanowires; Nanorods; Hydrogen Production; Batteries; Supercapacitors; Photochemical Cells; Energy

Online: 12 April 2021 (12:29:39 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0368.v1

Application of Sentinel-1 Radar Remote Sensing Data for Detecting Nuclear Test Location in North Korea on September 3, 2017

Asset Akhmadiya, Khuralay Moldamurat, Nabi Nabiyev, Aigerim Kismanova

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Sentinel-1; radar image processing; line-of-sight displacement; nuclear test; North Korea

Online: 17 February 2021 (10:12:50 CET)

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Working Paper REVIEW

Implications of Endogenous Retroelements in the Etiopathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Kennedy C. Ukadike, Tomas Mustelin

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: systemic lupus erythematosus; retroelements; L1; LINE-1; reverse transcriptase; type I interferons; autoimmunity

Online: 4 January 2021 (11:53:09 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0046.v3

IGFBP2 is a Potential Master-Regulator Driving Dysregulated Gene Network Responsible for Short Survival in Glioblastoma Multiforme

Manasa KP, Darius Wlochowitz, Edgar Wingender, Tim Beißbarth, ALEXANDER KEL

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Glioblastoma; master regulators; upstream analysis; IGFBP2; FRA-1; FOSL1; short term survivors; transcription factors

Online: 17 February 2021 (12:58:18 CET)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Systematic Interferometric Phase Biases and Their Impact on Earth Surface Deformation Monitoring

Homa Ansari, Francesco De Zan, Alessandro Parizzi

Subject: Physical Sciences, Acoustics Keywords: SAR Interferometry; Accuracy; Big Data; Deformation Monitoring, Sentinel-1; Fading Signal; Signal Decorrelation

Online: 27 October 2020 (15:26:30 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0728.v1

Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of CD8+ T Cell Differentiation, Dysfunction and Exhaustion

Daniel J Verdon, Matthias Mulazzani, Misty R Jenkins

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: T cell exhaustion; chronic viral infections; cancer; immunotherapy; epigenetics; PD-1; inhibitory receptors

Online: 31 August 2020 (17:49:37 CEST)

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Working Paper REVIEW

The Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonist Aprepitant: An Intelligent Bullet against Cancer?

Miguel Muñoz, Rafael Coveñas

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: apoptosis; antitumor; antimetastasis; anti-angiogenesis; NK-1 receptor; substance P; drug repositioning; Emend

Online: 31 August 2020 (10:11:13 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Study of Transmission Dynamics of Novel COVID-19 by Using Mathematical Model

Thabet Abdeljawad

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Mathematics Keywords: Mathematical model; Novel coronavirus -19; Nonstandard finite difference scheme; Emigration rate. 1. Introduction

Online: 9 May 2020 (11:25:34 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202001.0300.v1

Parsing Synthetic Aperture Radar Measurements of Snow in Complex Terrain: Scaling Behaviour and Sensitivity to Snow Wetness and Landcover

Surendar Manickam, Ana Barros

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Remote Sensing Keywords: snow; synthetic aperture radar; Sentinel-1; spatial variability; spectral scaling; topography; wet snow

Online: 26 January 2020 (01:42:48 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201907.0286.v1

Reviewing HIV-1 Gag Mutations in Protease Inhibitors Resistance: Insights for Possible Novel Gag Inhibitor Designs

Chinh Tran-To Su, Darius Wen-Shuo Koh, Samuel Ken-En Gan

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: HIV-1 Gag; Gag inhibitors; Protease; Protease inhibitors; drug resistance mutations; drug design

Online: 25 July 2019 (10:05:03 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201902.0035.v1

Characterization of a Bbotybirnavirus Conferring Hypovirulence in the Pear Stem Wart Disease Phytopathogenic Fungus Botryosphaeria dothidea

Lifeng Zhai, Mengmeng Yang, Meixing Zhang, Ni Hong, Guoping Wang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Botryosphaeria dothidea botybirnavirus 1; Hypovirulence; Botybirnavirus; Genome; Botryosphaeria dothidea; double-stranded RNA virus

Online: 4 February 2019 (13:44:22 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201901.0096.v1

Interplay among calcium diet content, PTH(1-34) treatment and balance of bone homeostases in rat model: the trabecular bone as keystone

Marzia Ferretti, Francesco Cavani, Laura Roli, Marta Checchi, Maria Sara Magarò, Jessika Bertacchini, Carla Palumbo

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Endocrinology And Metabolism Keywords: calcium diet content; mineral homeostasis; skeletal homeostasis; trabecular bone; PTH(1-34); rat

Online: 10 January 2019 (11:38:42 CET)

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