Abstract: This study presents a novel approach to remote speech recognition using a millimeter- 7wave micro-Doppler radar system operating at 94 GHz. The proposed method uses high-frequency 8radar to detect subtle speech-related vibrations, enabling speech recognition that is both non-contact 9and privacy-preserving. Tests with actual human speech followed initial experiments in which a 10piezoelectric crystal was used to simulate vocal cord vibrations. Radar returns were processed using 11state-of-the-art signal processing techniques, including short-time Fourier transform (STFT), to 12generate spectrograms and reconstruct speech signals. The system demonstrated high accuracy in 13speech reconstruction, with a strong correlation between the radar-reconstructed audio and the 14original speech signals. Cross-correlation analysis quantitatively confirmed the similarity between 15the reconstructed and original audio. These results validate the system's effectiveness in detecting 16and characterizing speech-related vibrations without direct audio recording. The findings support 17this innovative approach, with significant implications for applications in security, surveillance, and 18assistive technologies where privacy-preserving solutions are essential. Future research will focus 19on diverse real-world scenarios and further integration of advanced signal processing and machine 20learning techniques to enhance accuracy and robustness.

Abstract:

The term “photocatalysis” has recently gained high popularity, and various products using photocatalytic functions have been commercialized. Of all the materials that may be used as photocatalysts, titanium dioxide (TiO₂) is virtually the only one that is now and most likely will remain appropriate for industrial application. Water and air purification systems, sterilization, hydrogen evolution, self-cleaning surfaces, and photoelectrochemical conversion are just a few of the products and applications in the environmental and energy domains that make extensive use of TiO₂ photocatalysis. This is due to the fact that TiO₂ has the lowest cost, most stability, and most effective photoactivity. Furthermore, history attests to its safety for both people and the environment because it has been used as a white pigment since antiquity. This review discusses some important aspects and issues concerning different synthesis methods and their influence on the structure and properties of TiO₂, as well as the concept of photocatalysis based on it as a promising biocompatible functional material that has been widely used in recent years. The advantages of TiO₂ applications in various fields of science and technology are discussed, including environmental protection, photocatalysis including self-cleaning surfaces, water and air purification systems, hydrogen liberation, photovoltaic energy, cancer diagnosis and therapy, coatings and dental products, etc. Information on the structure and properties of TiO₂ phases is presented, as well as modern methods of synthesizing functional materials based on it. A detailed review of the basic principles of TiO₂ photocatalysis is then given, with a brief introduction to the modern concept of TiO₂ photocatalysis. Recent advances in the fundamental understanding of TiO₂ photocatalysis at the atomic-molecular level are highlighted, and advances in TiO₂ photocatalysis from the perspective of design and engineering of new materials are discussed. The challenges and prospects of TiO₂ photocatalysis are briefly discussed.

Abstract: Dielectric barrier discharge microplasma has various applications such as flow control, surface treatment, air treatment or biomedical applications. Microplasma was used for the inactivation of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Bacterial strains spread on Petri dishes containing Nutrient Agar were treated with microplasma and after incubation, inhibition zones were observed. By comparison, the experiments carried out with the already-grown bacteria on the Petri dish did not show any inhibitory response. Environmental air was used as discharge gas. The reactive oxygen and nitrogen species mainly carry out the inactivation process. A negative pulse voltage energized the microplasma electrodes. The microplasma treatment was the most potent against S. aureus, followed by E. coli, and P. aeruginosa, which was the least susceptible bacteria from the tested strains. An increase in the inhibitory efficiency was observed with the increase of discharge voltage from -1.5 kV to -1.7 kV. This research proved the efficiency of microplasma in biological decontamination and provides valuable insights of the inactivation of bacteria carried out with a technology that is suitable for easy integration and portability.

Abstract:

Hawking’s cosmology logically leads to an observed multiverse. This article argues it a superposition of at least three 3-dimensional universes in a 4-dimensional space, which each have two overlapping dimensions with the observed universe. For there is nothing outside it that could disturb the superposition, it could last forever. This explains why dark matter yields a linear decrease of gravity with distance to visible mass at large radii in galaxies. To prove this, all contributions of visible matter in the disks and bulges, calculated by the SPARC team, have been recalculated to verify the brightness and gas density are correctly interpreted. Lelli and Mistele showed the common way to project dark matter halos around galaxies cannot be valid. Since application of General Relativity would need these halos too, it must be modified with additional terms. Bekenstein’s TeVeS does this. Using TeVeS, a decay of the contribution of dark matter to gravity in galaxies with the expansion of space is confirmed. This explains the rapid development of large galaxies in the early universe that is reported by Labbé. A new prediction method for rotation velocities that works at all radii in galaxies is offered. It is 25% more accurate than MOND and TeVeS.

Abstract: I present a personal account of self-organizing systems. As such, it is necessarily biased and partial. Nevertheless, it should contain enough substance to motivate useful discussions. The relevant contribution is not my attempts at answering questions (maybe all my answers are wrong), but the steps towards framing relevant questions to better understand self-organization, information, complexity, and emergence. With this aim, I start with a notion and examples of self-organizing systems (what?), continue with their properties and related concepts (how?), and close with applications (why?) in physics, chemistry, biology, collective behavior, ecology, communication networks, robotics, artificial intelligence, linguistics, social science, urbanism, philosophy, and engineering.

Abstract: This mini review intends to highlight the importance of bilayer asymmetry. Biological membranes are complex structures that are a physical barrier separating the external environment from the cellular content. This complex bilayer comprises an extensive lipid repertory, suggesting that the different lipid structures might subserve a role in the membrane. Interestingly, this vast repertory of lipids is asymmetrically distributed between leaflets that form the lipid bilayer. Here, we discuss the properties of the plasma membrane under the view of experimental model membranes, consisting in simplified and controlled in vitro systems. We summarize some crucial features of the exoplasmic (outer) and cytoplasmic (inner) leaflets observed through investigations using symmetric and asymmetric membranes. Symmetric model membranes for the exoplasmic leaflet have a unique lipid composition that might form a coexistence of phases, namely liquid disordered and liquid order phases. These phase domains may appear in different sizes and shapes depending on lipid composition and lipid-lipid interactions. In contrast, symmetric model membranes for the cytoplasmic leaflet form a fluid phase. We discuss the outcomes reported in the literature for asymmetric bilayers, which vary according to lipid compositions and, consequently, reflect to different intra- and inter-leaflet interactions. Interestingly, the asymmetric bilayer could show induced domains in the inner leaflet, or it could decrease the tendency of the outer leaflet to phase separation. If cells regulate the lipid composition of the plasma membrane, they can adjust the existence and sizes of the domains by tuning the lipid composition.

Abstract: This study presents an advanced extension of classical mechanics to examine photon dynamics and its parallels with cosmological phenomena, particularly dark energy. Central to this framework is the concept of effective mass (Mᵉᶠᶠ), a dynamic property uniting rest mass (Mᴍ) and apparent mass (Mᵃᵖᵖ). For photons, which have zero rest mass, their apparent mass dictates their energy-momentum exchanges and response to forces, culminating in the reformulated force equation: F = −Mᵃᵖᵖaᵉᶠᶠ. The study reinterprets Newton’s law of gravitation by integrating effective mass, allowing for ground breaking scenarios where negative apparent mass yields negative gravitational mass when −Mᵃᵖᵖ. This phenomenon echoes the behaviour of dark energy (Mᴅᴇ<0), which accelerates the universe's expansion by generating antigravitational effects.By linking photon dynamics and dark energy, this study unveils a shared mechanism: negative effective mass. This revelation provides a unifying perspective on the interplay between energy and momentum across quantum and cosmological scales, paving the way for a cohesive understanding of gravitational dynamics and fundamental forces.This nuanced exploration of photon dynamics offers significant insights for understanding the force of antigravity caused by dark energy, even when dark energy remains physically imperceptible and elusive. By extending classical mechanics to incorporate dynamic mass properties, this framework enables better mathematical modelling of the enigmatic force driving cosmic acceleration.By bridging classical and quantum mechanics with cosmological frameworks, this study deepens our understanding of gravitational interactions and lays the groundwork for future research into the universe’s fundamental workings. The cohesive interpretation of negative effective mass presented here encourages interdisciplinary exploration, with profound implications for unravelling the mysteries of dark energy and its role in shaping the cosmos.The extended classical mechanics framework thus opens pathways for new theoretical explorations, offering a cohesive mechanism to reconcile classical, quantum, and cosmological phenomena, with implications for deciphering the universe's fundamental forces.

Abstract:

In this paper, we propose a mechanism analogous to the spontaneous symmetry breaking combined with the quantum decoherence theory to explain the collapse of the wave function after the quantum measurement. We show that a wave function in a superposition of several eigenstates reduces to a single eigenstate due to the spontaneous-symmetry-breaking-like kinetic effect.

Abstract:

This research answers the knowledge gap regarding the explanation of the quantum jump of the electron. This scientific paper aims to complete Einstein’s research regarding general relativity and attempt to link general relativity to quantum laws.

Abstract:

Here, applying the theory of the generalization of the Boltzmann´s constant in curved space-time and the theory of electrical modelling of a proton and a neutron as a three-phase alternating current electric generator, we will model the mechanism by which elementary particles are formed. We will determine the relationship between gravity, temperature and the effective Boltzmann´s constant with each of the elementary particles that make up the standard model following analogies with that of stellar bodies. To achieve our goal, we will propose new models for photons, gluons, gravitons and the Higgs boson; we will demonstrate why there are stable and unstable elementary particles, why the first family of elementary particles forms hadrons and why the second and third families cannot form hadrons; why fermions satisfy the Pauli exclusion principle and why bosons do not satisfy the Pauli exclusion principle, etc. Finally, we will analyse the generalization of the ADS/CFT correspondence and propose a theory of everything (T.O.E.). The proposed theory of everything unites Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity and quantum mechanics. It is important to highlight that in the proposed theory of everything, we explain the origin of dark matter and dark energy; we also explain the origin of the universe through the disintegration of a black hole and we explain the matter-antimatter symmetry.