Abstract: A type II cadherin, Cadherin-19 (CDH19), plays a vital role in neural crest development. CDH19 regulates cell–cell junctions and migration by forming catenin-cytoskeleton complexes. Although anti-CDH19 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are used for specific applications such as Western blotting and immunohistochemistry (IHC), suitable anti-CDH19 mAbs for flow cytometry are limited. Here, novel anti-human CDH19 mAbs (Ca19Mabs) were developed through flow cytometry-based high-throughput screening. One clone, Ca19Mab-8 (IgG1, κ), specifically recognized CDH19-overexpressing Chinese hamster ovary-K1 cells but did not bind to other 21 CDHs (including both type I and type II) in flow cytometry. Additionally, Ca19Mab-8 recognized endogenous CDH19 in the human glioblastoma cell line LN229. The dissociation constant (KD) of Ca19Mab-8 for LN229/CDH19 was 9.0 × 10⁻⁹ M. Ca19Mab-8 can detect CDH19 in Western blotting and IHC. These findings suggest that Ca19Mab-8 is versatile for basic research and has potential applications in clinical diagnosis and tumor therapy.

Abstract: The Heisenberg uncertainty relation, concerning the product of the standard deviations of the position and momentum observables, is studied for a quantum oscillator which is characterized by deformed boson algebra. Special forms of the deformed number operator are found to induce the following anomalies: the ground state or any deformed coherent state of the oscillator under study exhibits minimum uncertainty, as the canonical boson algebra provides, but the product of the corresponding standard deviations is less than the canonical lower bound, $\hbar/2$. Above all, each standard deviation and, consequently, the uncertainty become arbitrarily small for the ground state, other states of the Fock basis, and deformed coherent states with arbitrarily small magnitude of the label, if the parameters defining the special deformed number operator are properly chosen.

Abstract: The Trace & Trajectory Framework (TTF) offers a non-representationalist approach to meaning, cognition, and selfhood grounded in dynamical systems theory and radical enactivism. Rather than treating meaning as something stored in mental representations, TTF proposes that meaning is enacted—it emerges through temporally extended navigational patterns, called trajectories, that traverse dynamic structures called ribbons. The framework's layered ontology comprises traces (probabilistic preconditions), threads (pre-navigational filamentary configurations emerging through dissociation), ribbons (coordinated thread bundles whose fold dynamics generate navigational positions), and trajectories (meaning events). The dual-parameter architecture (lambda for structural granularity, sigma for epistemic access) combines with ribbon dynamics to handle phenomena typically addressed through separate, domain-specific machinery. This version foregrounds ribbon dynamics as the primary organizational level of the framework, showing how coordinated thread bundles—with their characteristic fold frequencies, saturation profiles, and transgranular coordination—provide the analytical resolution that previous versions distributed across ad hoc mechanisms. To support ribbon-level analysis, the version introduces the Hx namespace, a unified Latin notation for radial cut geometry, along with several instruments: QRS-CONFIG for pluriversal analysis of social indexicality; stratified epistemic barriers (Hx4 through Hx16) marking qualitative shifts in navigational access; hex bands encoding grammatical number through mimetic projection; and Macro-alpha as the extractive agential type. The framework dissolves rather than solves classical problems—including symbol grounding, the scalability challenge, and the tension between embodied and abstract cognition—by rejecting the representationalist premises that generate them.

Abstract: Introduction: Environment and behavior are major determinants of public health. According to H.L. Blum’s concept, these two factors contribute more than 75% to overall health status. Rote Ndao Regency, as an island region with a dry climate, continues to face environmental sanitation challenges that have the potential to increase the burden of environmentally related diseases. Objective: This study aims to analyze the impact of the Environmental Health Index (EHI) on the incidence of environmentally related diseases in Matasio and Keoen Villages, Rote Ndao Regency. Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional design with statistical analyses using the Independent t-test and Paired Sample t-test to examine differences among variables influencing environmental health conditions in the two villages. The variables assessed included access to clean water, latrine ownership, wastewater management systems (SPAL), food management practices, solid waste management, vector presence, and indoor air sanitation. Results: The analysis indicated that access to clean water (p < 0.001), latrine ownership (p < 0.001), and wastewater management systems (SPAL) (p = 0.004) had a statistically significant effect on environmental health conditions. Matasio Village showed higher scores than Keoen Village across all three variables. In contrast, food management (p = 0.288), solid waste management (p = 0.129), vector presence (p = 0.914), and indoor air sanitation (p = 0.079) were not significantly associated with environmental health conditions. Conclusion: The Environmental Health Index did not show a significant association with environmentally related diseases in Matasio and Keoen Villages, except for access to clean water. Despite variations in sanitation and water facilities, low community awareness and inconsistent sanitation practices remained key contributors to disease risk. Sustainable sanitation improvement requires not only adequate infrastructure but also systematic, theory-based health promotion strategies to foster sustainable sanitation behaviors. Keywords: environmental health index; health promotion strategies; sustainable sanitation behavior.

Abstract: Tumor-secreted proteins represent valuable molecular targets for cancer diagnosis and therapy. Moesin (Msn) has been reported to be secreted into the tumor microenviron-ment (TME) and to promote malignant progression; however, its extracellular regula-tory mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we identified extracellular moesin (exMsn) as a common secretory protein derived from 4T1 breast cancer cells and RAW264.7 macrophages using mass spectrometry, which was further validated by western blotting. Functional analyses demonstrated that exMsn enhanced cancer cell migration through activation of the RhoA/ROCK and ZEB1 signaling axes. Neutraliza-tion of exMsn using a specific antibody significantly reduced reactive oxygen species production and cell migration. We further observed that extracellular pyruvate kinase M2 (exPKM2) phosphorylated extracellular proteins in the TME, among which exMsn was identified by peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) and confirmed by in vitro kinase assays. Mechanistically, exPKM2 phosphorylated exMsn in a phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)-dependent manner, and site-directed mutagenesis revealed Thr413 as the pri-mary phosphorylation site. This phosphorylation may protect exMsn from extracellu-lar degradation. Additionally, exPKM2 physically interacted with exMsn, with this in-teraction enhanced during cancer–macrophage co-culture. Collectively, our findings un-cover a novel extracellular exPKM2–exMsn signaling mechanism that promotes tumor progression and may provide new therapeutic targets.

Abstract: This paper proposes an impulsive SIRQ model for the analysis of computer network resilience against malware propagation and distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks. The model extends classical epidemic frameworks by combining continuous-time dynamics of malicious object spreading with discrete control actions corresponding to mass updates, node isolation, and access control policies. A qualitative analysis of the resulting system of impulsive differential equations is performed. The basic reproduction number R0 identified as a threshold parameter characterizing the intensity of attack propagation, and sufficient conditions for the global asymptotic stability of the infection-free regime are established. It is shown that, under periodic impulsive control, the infection-free state can be stabilized with respect to the target population coordinates even when R0< 1. An exponential decay estimate for the total active threat is derived, guaranteeing the asymptotic extinction of the infected and quarantined node populations. The proposed approach provides quantitative criteria for the effectiveness of impulsive cyber-defense strategies and offers a theoretical foundation for the design of adaptive multi-layer protection systems for critical information infrastructures.

Abstract: In this work we propose a modified Schwarzschild geometry inspired by the Asymptotic Safety approach to quantum gravity, in which the Newtonian coupling becomes a running quantity depending on the radial coordinate. We employ an infrared cutoff on the proper distance and obtain a new quantum-corrected black hole metric. We provide a thermodynamical analysis, first using standard methods and then proceeding to a geometrothermodynamical study of the phase space and to a topological analysis of phase transitions. We also calculate the grey-body factors of our solution, providing exact lower bounds in the quantum-corrected transmission coefficients. Finally, we present the shadow size and intensity profile of our solution, showing its consistency with current observational constraints.

Abstract: Recent work on the evaluation of large language models emphasizes that the relevant unit of intelligence is not the artificial system alone but the human–AI hybrid. In parallel, topological and dynamical models of cognition based on Painlev\'e equations and non-semisimple topology propose that consciousness, intelligence, and creativity emerge from constrained long-horizon dynamics near criticality. This perspective article argues that these two research directions are deeply compatible. We show that the empirical framework for human--AI collaboration can be interpreted as a fusion process between complementary cognitive sectors: exploration (AI) and selection (human cognition). The dynamical mechanism underlying this fusion is identified with noisy phase locking between cognitive oscillators. Two independent routes to a universal 1/f spectral signature are developed: a geometric route through the WKB/Stokes analysis of Painlev\'e~V confluence, and an arithmetic route through the Mangoldt function and harmonic interactions in phase-locked loops. We connect these results to the Bost--Connes quantum statistical model, whose phase transition at the pole of the Riemann zeta function provides an exact mathematical framework for the lock-in phase hypothesis of identity consolidation in AI systems. This synthesis suggests a unified research program for hybrid intelligence grounded in topology, dynamical systems, number theory, and real-world AI evaluation.

Abstract: Background: Exosomes are nanosized extracellular vesicles that range from 30 to 150 nm and have a bilayer lipid membrane which encapsulates proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, first identified in the 1960s and expanded in application from disease diagnostics to targeted therapeutics. They are intercellular communicators with roles in physiological regulation and pathological progression. Results: Exosomes applications in gene therapy, drug delivery, tissue regeneration, and disease diagnostics activate signaling pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin, PI3K/Akt, etc., deliver anti-aging molecules, and promote angiogenesis refers to their properties such as biocompatibility, cross the blood-brain barrier, serving as vectors and selective cargo delivery. Altogether, these effects promote tissue regeneration, as well as its therapeutic potential in dermatology, orthopedics, cardiology, neurology, and wound healing. However the same mechanisms that promote regeneration can also drive tumor progression, induce drug resistance, suppress immune responses, and mediate the pathogenic factors spread. It means that exosome's dual nature presents challenges. On the therapeutic side, exosomes can promote tumor growth, drug resistance, and immune suppression. In contrast, the transmission of viral or pathogenic proteins, tumor progression, and so on, underscores their “Trojan horse” potential. Conclusion: Exosomes embody a biological paradox as mentioned. It is essential for developing safe and effective exosome based therapies to understanding of this duality deeper for harnessing their therapeutic potential while mitigating associated risks.

Abstract: Dark Energy entered the arena of the speculative physics since 30 years after the observation of the slight acceleration of material bodies established by supernovae used as standard candles in the Gigaparsec distance range. Recent advances in the study of cosmic rays redundantly indicate that galaxy clusters have permanent, steady electrostatic fields of maximum strength of 5 V/m, general centripetal direction and electrostatic potentials 10²¹-10²³ Volt. This work determines for the first time how the slight acceleration of material bodies, in the interval 10^-10- 10^-13 m/s², is caused by electrostatic fields in galaxy clusters and that Dark Energy is electrostatic energy. Unlike matter that is concentrated in galaxies and galaxy clusters, electrostatic energy at cosmic scale is quite diffuse. Empirical evidence of the electrostatic fields is based on the rich and variegated synchrotron emission in galaxy clusters and, notably, on the absence of diffuse gamma rays in galaxy clusters which amounts to three orders of magnitude relative to current, reiterated predictions and on other data.

Abstract: Hiatal hernia is a complex pathology, associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease, and whose management involves complex surgical treatment. Knowing the role of gastropexy in reducing postoperative recurrences, the current study aimed to highlight the intraoperative advantages and results of this surgical technique. Our study includes 29 patients, aged between 34 to 84 years. Regarding the mechanism of occurrence, two thirds of the patients presented with mixed hiatal hernias, 31.03% with sliding hiatal hernias and 3.45% with paraesophageal hiatal hernias. The hernia size played a decisive role in the choice of surgical procedure, for large hernias (with a diameter of over 7 cm) the Nissen procedure associated with gastropexy was preferred.For hernias with a diameter of less than 7 cm, the Nissen procedure associated with hernia orifice repair was performed. For hernias between 5 and 6 cm, gastropexy was also performed. The association of gastropexy does not increase hospitalization costs, but in the long term it has the advantage of reducing relapse.

Abstract: Quantum computing exploits the principles of quantum mechanics to perform computation. Information is stored in qubits and processed with a sequence of quantum gates arranged as circuits. Verifying the correctness of quantum circuits is becoming essential as hardware scales in qubit count and architectural complexity. Traditional testing and naive simulation do not scale and quickly become computationally infeasible because the state space grows exponentially. This creates a strong need for more powerful and scalable verification techniques. Formal methods offer a viable solution by providing mathematically rigorous and scalable verification techniques that address these scalability challenges through abstraction, symbolic reasoning, and probabilistic guarantees. This study examines how formal methods are applied to quantum circuit verification. Specifically, four families of formal techniques: barrier certificates, abstract interpretation, model checking, and theorem proving are examined, along with the theoretical foundations and practical applications of these techniques. Finally, the study highlights open challenges and identifies promising directions for future research. An extensive set of references is included to support further study and exploration.

Abstract: With the evolution of the new power system, the importance of substation grounding network performance is increasingly prominent, the optimization of the old substation renovation work is also gradually into the right track and attention. In this paper, the impact of resistive coupling between the grounding network system and its surrounding underground metal pipe network system in the substation renovation project is explored and analyzed in depth, and the electromagnetic field model of the grounding network and the pipe network is established respectively by using the research method of field-circuit coupling and the two simulation software CDEGS and ETAP are integrated to focus on the changes in key performance parameters during the renovation of substation grounding network, and it is found that its resistive coupling effect leads to some fluctuations in the key performance parameters. Based on the above research content, a series of optimized protection measures suitable for the actual reconstruction project are further proposed, aiming at guaranteeing the safe and stable operation of the grounding system as well as the surrounding metal pipe network under fault conditions. This study provides a theoretical basis and practical technical support for the optimization of substation grounding network and similar projects.

Abstract: This study evaluated the potential of Gliricidia sepium foliage as a protein source to replace cottonseed cake (CSC) in the diets of young Bunaji bulls, with emphasis on nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation characteristics and serum metabolites. Animals were allocated to four dietary treatments in which G. sepium replaced CSC at 0, 25, 50 and 75% levels. The basal diet was Brachiaria decumbens hay, while concentrates were offered at 2% of body weight. Blood samples were collected at the start, mid-point and end of the 44 day feeding trial to determine packed cell volume (PCV), total protein (TP) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). Rumen pH, ammonia nitrogen and total volatile fatty acids were measured before and after feeding. Metabolic study was conducted at the end of the feeding period. Results showed that PCV, TP and BUN were within normal physiological ranges. Rumen fermentation characteristics were comparable across treatments. Nutrient digestibility was generally unaffected, except for crude fibre, while all diets resulted in positive nitrogen balance, with higher nitrogen retention at 50% inclusion levels. In conclusion, Gliricidia sepium foliage can effectively replace cottonseed cake up to 50 % in diets of Bunaji bulls without compromising health status, rumen function or nutrient utilization.

Abstract: This paper translates a GIS-based multi-criteria evaluation (GIS–MCE) developed for the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Hand-in-Hand Initiative (HiH), into a scien-tific manuscript on aquaculture zoning and site suitability in the Republic of Benin. We integrate sub-models on market accessibility, demand (population and asset wealth in-dex), biophysical conditions (water balance, soils, slope), and input availability (crop and livestock systems) to produce suitability indices for three fish farming systems: (i) ex-tensive to semi-intensive small-scale and integrated ponds; (ii) peri-urban intensive closed systems (tanks, ponds, RAS); and (iii) intensive open tilapia cages in waterbodies. A marked south–north gradient emerges, with southern and central communes showing highest suitability for non intensive systems. Priority communes include Bassila, Bantè, Ouessè, Savè, Kétou, Djidja, Agbangnizoun, Zangnanado, Ouinhi, Lalo, Bonou, and Ad-johoun. Intensive closed systems concentrate around Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, and Porto-Novo due to superior market access. For open cage farming, southern permanent waterbodies—particularly Lakes Ahémé and Nokoué and selected reservoirs such as Zagnanando, Azili, and Ilauko—appear promising, though environmental risks (eu-trophication, pollution) warrant caution. We discuss methodological assumptions, data constraints, and limitations (e.g., absence of formal MCDA methods), and conclude with policy recommendations emphasizing environmental safeguards, support to traditional systems (e.g., whédo), improved feed and seed access, and strengthened biosecurity and monitoring frameworks for sustainable aquaculture expansion.

Abstract: Objectives: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia and has increasingly been associated with cognitive impairment and dementia. Structural remodelling of the left atrium may contribute to early cognitive decline in patients with AF.This study aimed to evaluateearly cognitive impairment in middle-aged patients withAFusing comprehensive neuropsychological testing and to explore its association with conventional echocardiographic parameters of left atrial structure and function. Methods: Between 2023-2024, fifty-six consecutive outpatients with AF aged 45–65 years underwent clinical evaluation, transthoracic echocardiography, and comprehensive neuropsychological assessment using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease battery (CERAD). A con-trol group of 58 age group-matched individuals without known cardiovascular disease was included in comparative cognitiveanalyses.Results: Patients with AF demonstrat-edearly cognitive deficits, particularly in episodic memory and visuospatial functions, detectable even in individuals with normal MoCA scores. Patients with abnormal MoCA results exhibited more pronounced and widespread cognitive impairment. No statistically robust associations were observed between cognitive performance and conventional echocardiographic parameters of left atrial structure and function. These findings may reflect limited statistical power or the need for more sensitive markers of atrial remodeling. Conclusions: Early cognitive impairment in AF may be present before abnormalities are detectableby brief cognitive screening tools. The combined use of comprehensive neuropsychological assessment and echocardiographic evaluation may enhance early identification of cognitive vulnerability in this population. Further prospective studies are warranted to clarify the clinical relevance of atrial structural remodeling in this context.

Abstract: Morphostructural characterization of Creole cattle is essential for assessing the diversity and productive potential of this resource in the highland livestock systems. The study was conducted in Chuschi and Chipao districts, at 3,800 m above sea level, with the objective of morphostructurally characterizing and determining the zoometric indices of 154 Creole cows. Seventeen phaneroptic variables and twenty-one morphometric variables were rec-orded. The multivariate analysis identified three cattle biotypes. Based on proportionality, compactness, and cannon bone load indices, Biotype 1 (16.9%) comprised more compact, robust, and heavier animals with a greater tendency toward meat production aptitude, followed by Biotype 2 (48.1%) and Biotype 3 (35.1%), more slender but with a stronger bone structure. No association was found between biotypes and phaneroptic characteris-tics, except for teat type (p< 0.05). The proportions of red, black, dull black, qosca, and roan coat colors were common across all biotypes; however, Biotype 1 predominated in callejón (15.38%), Biotype 2 in qosne (8.11%) and in other less frequent coat colors (10.81%), while Biotype 3 predominated in dark roan (16.67%) and jet black (11.11%). In the high-Andean region of Ayacucho, three subpopulations of Creole cattle were identified with potential for beef production, dual-purpose use, and adaptation to rugged terrain.

Abstract: This study investigates ionospheric total electron content (TEC) and differential code bias (DCB) based on GPS and Galileo data collected aboard the training ship (HANS) from DOY 249 to 300 in 2024. The estimated TEC was compared with the Center for Orbit Determination in Europe (CODE) global ionospheric map (GIM), resulting in a mean difference of –2.41 TEC units (TECU) and a root mean square (RMS) error of 6.53 TECU. Furthermore, although inland GNSS stations in South Korea were incorporated to stabilize receiver DCB estimation, the results still exhibited significant temporal fluctuations. The Pearson correlation revealed a moderate negative relationship between the receiver DCB change and the Dst index, with a correlation coefficient (R) of –0.35. It suggests that geomagnetic disturbances influence receiver DCB changes. The R between receiver DCB and the Kp index was approximately 0.18, while that with the F10.7a index was about –0.26, both indicating a relatively weak correlation. In addition, receiver DCB changes exhibited a positive correlation (R ~ 0.33) with vertical TEC (VTEC). Multipath errors showed negligible correlation with receiver DCB changes. Therefore, we suggest that the significant variability in the receiver DCB on the HANS has a strong correlation with the Dst and VTEC. It can also be attributed to the complex interaction of several factors.

Abstract: To study follicular growth pattern and luteal dynamics during natural and induced estrous cycle in Arunachali Yak maintained at the Nyukmadung farm of ICAR-NRC on Yak of Arunachal Pradesh. A total of 36 animals of apparently healthy cyclic female yaks of first to fourth parity and free from any post parturient complications, maintained under intensive system of rearing were selected for the study and equally divided into two groups. Female yak with natural oestrus was placed in Group-I and the female yak subjected to Double Ovsynch protocol were placed in Group-II. Transrectal-ultrasonography was performed daily for one oestrous cycle to monitor the follicular growth pattern and Luteal dynamics. Three wave patterns were observed in natural oestrus and four wave patterns were observed in induced oestrous female yak. The common follicular wave pattern in Arunachali Yak was two wave pattern (66.67%) in natural oestrus and three wave pattern (77.78%) in induced oestrus. The overall mean oestrous cycle length in natural oestrous (Group I) and induced oestrous (Group II) female yak was found to be 20.00±0.86 and 22.50±0.57 daysrespectively.Two follicular wave patterns in natural oestrus and three follicular wave patterns in induced oestrus was the most common in Arunachali Yak. The length of first follicular wave was found to be maximum in both natural and induced oestrous. The length of follicular wave decreases successively as the number of follicular waves increases in Arunachali Yak. The size of Corpus Luteum was found significant difference in between the group.

Abstract: With the deep integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into education, AI literacy has emerged as a core competency indispensable for pre-service teachers. However, the formation mechanisms and sustainable cultivation pathways remain underexplored. This study integrates the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Innovation Diffusion Theory (IDT) to construct a theoretical model where Individual Innovations (II) and Self-Efficacy (SE) serve as antecedents, Perceived Usefulness (PU) and Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU) as mediators, Behavior Intention (BI) as a proximal variable, and AI literacy (AIL) as the outcome variable. Through a questionnaire survey of 778 pre-service teachers, mixed empirical tests were conducted using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA). SEM results indicate that II and SE significantly and positively influence AIL through a chain mediation involving PE, PEOU, and BI. fsQCA further identifies four convergent high-AIL configurational pathways: "High-efficacy-practice-oriented" "High-adoption-intention-oriented" "High-innovative-qualities-oriented" and "Balanced-development-oriented". The study reveals that enhancing pre-service teachers' AIL involves diverse yet equivalent mechanisms, necessitating a shift beyond singular training paradigms. Based on these findings, the research proposes differentiated cultivation pathways, providing both theoretical foundations and practical references for teacher-training institutions to implement precise and sustainable AIL development.