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Flow-by-Flow: Content-Judgment Bypass for Governing AI Output in High-Loss Domains
Hiroki Naito
Posted: 28 April 2026
Attention-Guided Semi-Supervised Segmentation for Low-Contrast Medical Images Using Frequency Domain Priors
Abhishek Singh
,Mehakpreet Singh
,Tarush Tewari
,Kaneisha Bali Chibber
,Shamla Mantri
Posted: 28 April 2026
Ultrasound Localization Microscopy Reveals Microvascular Heterogeneity for Accurate Stratification of Glioblastoma Malignancy
Xing Hu
,Luping Qiu
,Xiandi Zhang
,Yong Wang
,Dean Ta
,Hong Ding
Posted: 28 April 2026
A Peptide-Based, LNP-Free mRNA Vaccine Targeting Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) for Potent Colorectal Cancer Immunotherapy: Development, Structural Dynamics, and Preclinical Efficacy
Mohammed Kassab
Posted: 28 April 2026
The Solvability of Certain Sixth-Degree Polynomial Equations and the Radical Expressions of Their Roots Under Specific Conditions
Giorgos P. Kouropoulos
Posted: 28 April 2026
Cricket Stroke Classification Using Temporal Deep Learning Models: A Systematic Comparative Study of Sequence Modeling Architectures for Fine-Grained Action Recognition
Abhinav Bansal
,Shally Vats
Posted: 28 April 2026
Origin and Adaptive Function of Genetic Recombination in Sexual Reproduction
Carol Bernstein
,Harris Bernstein
Posted: 28 April 2026
Fungal Functional Differentiation in Grapevine Esca: From Pioneer Vascular Pathogens to White-Rot Basidiomycetes
David Gramaje
,Ales Eichmeier
Posted: 28 April 2026
Clinical Trial on the Efficacy and Safety of Sakurajima Radish for Vascular Endothelial Function: A Phase IIb Open-Label, Randomized, Three-Sequence Three-Period Crossover Study with Regular Diet and Aokubi Radish Controls
Akihiro Tokushige
,Yuichi Akasaki
,Keisuke Shibata
,Takashi Sakoda
,Akari Tajima
,Takashi Kajiya
,Naohiro Shirasawa
,Narisato Hamada
,Akiko Yoshikawa
,Kazuyuki Kubota
+8 authors
Background/Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of trigonelline-rich Sakurajima radish on vascular endothelial function in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Methods: In this multicenter, open-label, randomized, three-period crossover phase IIb trial, 21 patients with MetS were assigned to three 14-day sequences: Sakurajima radish powder, Aokubi radish powder, and a usual diet, separated by 14-day washouts. The primary outcome was flow-mediated dilation (FMD). The secondary outcomes included blood pressure (BP), urinary nitric oxide metabolites (NOx), and oxidative stress markers (8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine [8-OHdG]). Results: Twenty-one participants were included in this study. Sakurajima radish did not significantly improve FMD compared with the usual diet (control) (p = 0.58) or Aokubi radish (p=0.59). Unexpectedly, systolic BP was significantly higher with Sakurajima radish compared with control (+9.67 mmHg, p = 0.03) and Aokubi radish (+8.86 mmHg, p = 0.04). Urinary 8-OHdG/creatinine levels were also significantly higher with Sakurajima radish compared with control (p = 0.02), despite a significant elevation in urinary NOx levels (p = 0.03). A significant negative carryover effect on FMD was observed after the Aokubi radish period. Conclusions: Consumption of Sakurajima radish does not improve endothelial function in patients with MetS. Contrary to expectations, the intervention is associated with increased systolic BP and oxidative stress, despite elevated NOx levels. These findings suggest the need for caution regarding its cardiovascular application in patients with MetS.
Background/Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of trigonelline-rich Sakurajima radish on vascular endothelial function in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Methods: In this multicenter, open-label, randomized, three-period crossover phase IIb trial, 21 patients with MetS were assigned to three 14-day sequences: Sakurajima radish powder, Aokubi radish powder, and a usual diet, separated by 14-day washouts. The primary outcome was flow-mediated dilation (FMD). The secondary outcomes included blood pressure (BP), urinary nitric oxide metabolites (NOx), and oxidative stress markers (8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine [8-OHdG]). Results: Twenty-one participants were included in this study. Sakurajima radish did not significantly improve FMD compared with the usual diet (control) (p = 0.58) or Aokubi radish (p=0.59). Unexpectedly, systolic BP was significantly higher with Sakurajima radish compared with control (+9.67 mmHg, p = 0.03) and Aokubi radish (+8.86 mmHg, p = 0.04). Urinary 8-OHdG/creatinine levels were also significantly higher with Sakurajima radish compared with control (p = 0.02), despite a significant elevation in urinary NOx levels (p = 0.03). A significant negative carryover effect on FMD was observed after the Aokubi radish period. Conclusions: Consumption of Sakurajima radish does not improve endothelial function in patients with MetS. Contrary to expectations, the intervention is associated with increased systolic BP and oxidative stress, despite elevated NOx levels. These findings suggest the need for caution regarding its cardiovascular application in patients with MetS.
Posted: 28 April 2026
Chloroplasts and Plant Sustainability: Key Roles and Emerging Insights
Nunzia Scotti
,Rachele Tamburino
Chloroplasts are the primary sites of photosynthesis, but growing evidence highlights their broader role as central hubs that coordinate plant responses to environmental challenges. They retain a semi-autonomous genetic system and communicate extensively with the nucleus through anterograde and retrograde signalling pathways, enabling coordinated cellular regulation. Beyond energy conversion, chloroplasts host key biosynthetic pathways and dynamically adjust their metabolic and redox states in response to developmental and environmental cues. This review summarizes current knowledge of chloroplast functions in responses to abiotic and biotic stress, emphasizing their contribution to plant resilience, productivity and sustainability. Under abiotic stress, chloroplasts undergo structural, metabolic and redox reprogramming to maintain photosynthetic efficiency and metabolic homeostasis. During biotic stress, they act as a powerful signalling platforms that integrate immune responses with metabolic and redox regulation. These functions rely on overlapping signalling pathways that are differentially tuned to support acclimation or defence. By coordinating stress responses with photosynthetic activity and metabolic efficiency, chloroplasts play a central role in sustaining plant productivity and represent promising targets to enhance crop resilience and agricultural sustainability under climate change and increasing pathogen pressure.
Chloroplasts are the primary sites of photosynthesis, but growing evidence highlights their broader role as central hubs that coordinate plant responses to environmental challenges. They retain a semi-autonomous genetic system and communicate extensively with the nucleus through anterograde and retrograde signalling pathways, enabling coordinated cellular regulation. Beyond energy conversion, chloroplasts host key biosynthetic pathways and dynamically adjust their metabolic and redox states in response to developmental and environmental cues. This review summarizes current knowledge of chloroplast functions in responses to abiotic and biotic stress, emphasizing their contribution to plant resilience, productivity and sustainability. Under abiotic stress, chloroplasts undergo structural, metabolic and redox reprogramming to maintain photosynthetic efficiency and metabolic homeostasis. During biotic stress, they act as a powerful signalling platforms that integrate immune responses with metabolic and redox regulation. These functions rely on overlapping signalling pathways that are differentially tuned to support acclimation or defence. By coordinating stress responses with photosynthetic activity and metabolic efficiency, chloroplasts play a central role in sustaining plant productivity and represent promising targets to enhance crop resilience and agricultural sustainability under climate change and increasing pathogen pressure.
Posted: 28 April 2026
Sensor Placement Strategies for Target Localization via 3-D TOA Measurements in Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks
Rongyan Zhou
,Weijie Tan
,Meng Li
,Baosheng Wang
Posted: 28 April 2026
The Architecture of the Common Good: Reframing the Tragedy of the Commons in Public Administration
Grigoriadis Konstantinos
,Poutouridis Georgios
Posted: 28 April 2026
Global TFR Dynamics Between 1990 and 2024: Between Demographic Transition Convergence and Post-Transition Uncertainties
Ionel Muntele
Posted: 28 April 2026
The “Arch Bridge Sign” for the Transverse View of the Thyroid Gland
Xiang Ji
Posted: 28 April 2026
The Classic WNT Pathway Modulates Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Restoring Hepatic Microenvironment Homeostasis Related Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Yanxuan Wen
,Nouman Amjad
,Sihao Deng
,Zhiyuan Li
Posted: 28 April 2026
Comprehensive Integrated Management Strategies for Malaria and COVID-19 Pandemic in Uganda
Richard Mumali Kabaka
,Moses Dhikusooka
,Samuel Mulondo
,Charles Okolimong
,Yovani Moses Lubaale
,Anjero Byansi
,Mary Nyachwo
,Francis Okello
,David Soita
,Samuel Majalija
+2 authors
Posted: 28 April 2026
Analysis of the Geographical Distribution Characteristics and Causes of Ethnic Traditional Villages in Guizhou
Fang He
,Yinsheng Tian
Posted: 28 April 2026
Existence of Solutions for Generalized Mixed Weak Vector Variational-Hemivariational Inequalities
Balendu Bhooshan Upadhyay
,Shivani Sain
,Ioan Stancu-Minasian
Posted: 28 April 2026
Algebraic Chrono–Dynamics: Stratified Covariant Phase Space and Boundary Algebra
George Davey
We provide a coordinate-free characterisation of phase boundaries in field theory by proving that a complex scalar field on a globally hyperbolic spacetime with boundary admits a stratified covariant phase space. The stratification is governed by a diffeomorphism-invariant functional $P$ partitioning spacetime into strata, together with a finite-energy selection rule: in the dense stratum $\{P \geq P_\star\}$, a diverging phase-stiffness functional $\kappa(P)$ forces any finite-action tangent vector to satisfy $\delta\theta = 0$, reducing the admissible variation class to amplitude fluctuations alone. We show that this selection rule simultaneously enlarges the presymplectic kernel of the augmented symplectic form $\Omega^{\mathrm{aug}}_\Sigma$ and suppresses the central extension of the boundary charge algebra: $K_{dens} = 0$. The Phase Boundary Characterisation Theorem establishes that these two effects are algebraically equivalent, identifying $\mathcal{H}$ as the unique degeneracy locus of $\Omega^{\mathrm{aug}}_\Sigma$ --- a purely coordinate-free characterisation independent of the specific trigger functional. The Iyer--Wald--Zoupas ambiguity in the boundary symplectic density is resolved by explicit mixed boundary conditions, and the algebraic structure on each stratum is compatible with standard quantization procedures applied independently per stratum.
We provide a coordinate-free characterisation of phase boundaries in field theory by proving that a complex scalar field on a globally hyperbolic spacetime with boundary admits a stratified covariant phase space. The stratification is governed by a diffeomorphism-invariant functional $P$ partitioning spacetime into strata, together with a finite-energy selection rule: in the dense stratum $\{P \geq P_\star\}$, a diverging phase-stiffness functional $\kappa(P)$ forces any finite-action tangent vector to satisfy $\delta\theta = 0$, reducing the admissible variation class to amplitude fluctuations alone. We show that this selection rule simultaneously enlarges the presymplectic kernel of the augmented symplectic form $\Omega^{\mathrm{aug}}_\Sigma$ and suppresses the central extension of the boundary charge algebra: $K_{dens} = 0$. The Phase Boundary Characterisation Theorem establishes that these two effects are algebraically equivalent, identifying $\mathcal{H}$ as the unique degeneracy locus of $\Omega^{\mathrm{aug}}_\Sigma$ --- a purely coordinate-free characterisation independent of the specific trigger functional. The Iyer--Wald--Zoupas ambiguity in the boundary symplectic density is resolved by explicit mixed boundary conditions, and the algebraic structure on each stratum is compatible with standard quantization procedures applied independently per stratum.
Posted: 28 April 2026
Mucosal Immune Responses in People Living with HIV May Confer Protection from SARS-CoV-2 Infections After COVID-19 Vaccination
Albert Judith
,Muruganantham Lillimary Eniya
,Beulah Faith
,Poongulali Selvamuthu
,Ramamurthy Silamban Yazhini
,Nagalingeswaran Kumarasamy
,Stephen J. Challacombe
,Priya Kannian
Posted: 28 April 2026
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