Abstract: The importance of the infrastructure is associated with the value of the infrastructure, the greater the importance of infrastructure, the greater its value. The concept of the importance of road infrastructure can take on a different value instead of different points of view. For example, roads can be evaluated from an economic, social, political, and military, among others. In 2021, the Lazio Regional Road Authority (ASTRAL) requested assistance from the Research Center for Transport and Logistics (CTL) to develop a composite scoring index (Regional Index, Ri) that would rank the relative importance of ASTRAL–maintained roadway network. The Ri index is expressed numerically between values from 1 to 5 (with 5 representing the highest importance). It includes the following variables: Population density, AADT, road traffic crashes, accessibility to point of interest, maintenance cost, air emissions, and noise pollution. The methodology includes the following steps. First, the variables were selected on the basis of their reliability, measurability, coverage and relevance to the phenomenon to be measured. Then, the data collection and normalization of the variables on a scale of 1 to 5 were carried out. Subsequently, through a multicriteria analysis, the variables were weighted and added. Finally, a sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate which variables had the most influence on the final output of the formula. The methodology proposed has been implemented on the Region Lazio roadway network in order to obtain the Ri of the road segments.

Abstract: The Bateman-Horn conjecture is a conjecture on prime values in polynomials. We prove it by Golomb's method.

Abstract: The increased demand for food worldwide has led to the widespread use of synthetic chemical fertilizers. Since the Green Revolution, the use of such chemical fertilizers has been in high demand as a nutrient input in agriculture. The increased application of ferti-lizer to upsurge crop yields is not suitable for the long term and leads to nutrient loss, as well as severe environmental and ecological consequences. Contrasted to conventional fertilizers, nano-fertilizers, which are designed at the 1–100 nm size, provide focused nu-trient delivery, decreased leaching, and improved plant absorption. They accomplish this by greatly increasing crop yields, enhancing fertilizer usage efficiency, and facilitating sustainable farming in the face of obstacles, including resource scarcity, climate change, and a projected 10 billion people by 2050. In comparison to typical NPK fertilizers at equal nutrient rates, nano-fertilizers enhanced crop yields by an average of 20-23% across cere-als, legumes, and horticulture crops, according to studies conducted between 2015 and 2024. In particular, using nano-urea to rice increased grain yield by 28.6% with 44% less nitrogen input, and applying nano-zinc to wheat increased yields by 31.2% and improved grain Zn content by 41%. Through targeted foliar or soil application, nano fertilizers in-crease nutrient use efficiency (NUE) by frequently more than 50% as opposed to 30-50% for conventional fertilizers. Nano fertilizer is prepared based on the encapsulation of plant essential minerals and nutrients with a suitable polymer matrix as a carrier and delivered as nano-sized particles or emulsions to the plants. Natural plant openings like stomata and lenticels in plant parts facilitate the uptake and diffusion, leading to higher NUE. This review provides an overview of current knowledge on the development of advanced nano-based and smart agriculture using nano fertilizer that has improved nutritional management. Furthermore, nano-scale fertilizers and their formulation, and nano-based approaches to increase crop production, along with the different types of fertilizers that are currently available and the mechanism of action of the nano fertilizers, are discussed. Thus, it is expected that a properly designed nano fertilizer could synchronize the release of nutrients in crop plants as and when needed.

Abstract: Cardio-renal syndrome (CRS) is a term referring to a bidirectional group of disorders in which there is a concomitant compromise of both organs, the heart and the kidney, leading to a significant increase in morbidity and mortality. In recent years, numerous publications have addressed this complex entity from different points of view.For better understanding, five subtypes have been established: depending on its form of presentation, acute or chronic; the organ initially affected and whether there is another responsible systemic disease.CRS represents a complex interaction between both organs with several neurohormonal, inflammatory and hemodynamic pathophysiological mechanisms involved. Its different forms of presentation and the difficulty of its management requires a multidisciplinary and comprehensive therapeutic approach targeting all the mechanisms involved in its pathogenesis. Throughout this review we will analyze all relevant aspects of CRS from its classification to current diagnosis and treatment.

Abstract:

To address the practical challenges of diverse anomaly patterns, strongly coupled dependencies, and high labeling costs in large-scale complex infrastructures, this paper presents an unsupervised anomaly detection method that integrates graph neural networks with Transformer models. The approach learns normal system behavior and identifies deviations without relying on anomaly labels. Infrastructure components are abstracted as nodes in a dependency graph, where nodes are characterized by multiple source observability signals. A graph encoder aggregates neighborhood information to produce structure-enhanced node representations. Self-attention mechanisms are introduced along the temporal dimension to capture long-range dynamic dependencies. This design enables joint modeling of structural relations and temporal evolution. A reconstruction-based training strategy is adopted to constrain the learning of normal patterns. Reconstruction error is used to derive anomaly scores for detection. To ensure reproducibility and ease of deployment, complete specifications of data organization, training procedures, and key hyperparameter settings are provided. Comparative experiments on public benchmarks demonstrate overall advantages across multiple evaluation metrics and confirm the effectiveness of the proposed framework in representing anomaly propagation and temporal drift characteristics in complex systems.

Abstract: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) continues to pose significant therapeutic challenges, with high relapse rates driven largely by leukemic stem cells (LSCs), a rare, therapy-resistant population with self-renewal capacity, niche adaptation, and the ability to re-initiate disease. In this state-of-the-art review, we synthesize recent advances in LSC biology, addressing (i) how LSCs differ functionally and phenotypically from normal hemato-poietic stem cells, (ii) practical approaches for LSC quantification using multiparameter flow cytometry and LSC-enriched marker panels, (iii) the metabolic and epigenetic programs that enable LSC persistence under chemotherapy and contribute to measurable residual disease, and (iv) current therapeutic strategies targeting LSC eradication, in-cluding antibody-based therapies, apoptosis and metabolic inhibitors, and emerging epigenetic agents. We also examine the key translational barriers, particularly antigen overlap with normal progenitors, microenvironmental protection, and the need for assay harmonization, and propose a practical framework for integrating LSC assessment into risk stratification and therapeutic development.

Abstract: In the modern microservice environment, library dependencies for inter-system communication have become bloated, and conflicts and complications during build and operation have become problems. In particular, in the conventional communication architecture that depends on the MySQL database, the multi-layer dependencies included in \texttt{libmysqlclient} restrict the flexibility of system design. In this study, a replication-protocol-compatible patch was applied to the lightweight MySQL client library Trilogy, and a loosely coupled, low-footprint IPC library connecting the control plane and the data plane was implemented. The proposed method eliminates dependencies on the internal static library group of MySQL Server, while enabling binary log events to be processed directly at the application layer. Stable operation has been achieved for more than one year in a commercial system environment, and its effectiveness has been verified through long-term operation.

Abstract:

This paper discusses the theory of productivity maximisation in relation to human productive potential. If productivity is considered as means to attain certain outcomes, it must have practical implications. Herein, human productive potential is considered as a neurocognitive concept having its significance felt in personal and professional frontier, for human beings are always in search to maximise their productivity by tapping untapped potential latent within. This paper addresses this issue, while at the same time, it examines of the role of cognitive constraints in constraining human potential, which has important implications for the individual and industrial frontiers. In this respect, we have also discussed, in brief, the concept of anti-productivity, its nature, and practical implications.

Abstract: Quiescence is a reversible, non-proliferative cellular state that enables survival under nutrient limitation while preserving the capacity to resume growth. Rather than representing a passive default, quiescence is an actively regulated program conserved from unicellular eukaryotes to metazoans. This review focuses on the nuclear mechanisms underlying quiescence entry, maintenance, and exit, drawing on mechanistic insights from yeast models while highlighting conserved principles in multicellular systems. Across species, quiescence is characterized by global transcriptional repression, chromatin compaction, and extensive reorganization of nuclear architecture, coordinated by nutrient-sensing pathways centered on TOR/mTOR signaling. We discuss how transcriptional reprogramming is achieved through redistribution of RNA polymerases, dynamic transcription factor activities, and large-scale remodeling of histone modifications, alongside repressive chromatin formation. In parallel, post-transcriptional mechanisms—including intron retention, alternative polyadenylation, and accumulation of non-coding RNAs—fine-tune gene expression while limiting biosynthetic output. We further examine how changes in nuclear organization, such as nucleolar condensation, condensin-mediated chromosome rearrangements, and telomere hyperclusters, support long-term viability and genome stability. Collectively, this review highlights nuclear dynamics as an integrative regulatory layer that links metabolic state to cellular identity, adaptability, and long-term survival, with broad implications for development, stem cell function, and disease.

Abstract: This study investigated how complexes formed by lauric acid (LA) and polyphenols (gallic acid, GA; 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, DOPAC; caffeic acid, CA) with bread-fruit starch affect starch’s digestibility and properties. The digestibility resistance of ternary complexes was not superior to that of binary complexes but remained higher than native starch. Among them, the CA complex (CB) showed the highest RS and the lowest hydrolysis, indicating CA's prominent role in enhancing digestibility resistance. A decreased breakdown value and increased gelatinization temperatures were revealed, indicating inhibited gelatinization. During cooling phase, samples with LA showed viscosity peaks, confirming V-type complex formation, which was absent in polyphe-nol-only samples. R1047/1022 and Rc values were increased in complexes. Ternary complexes exhibited a lower R1047/1022 ratio but a higher Rc than binary complexes, suggesting LA mainly influenced long-range order, while polyphenols affected both short- and long-range order. This may explain the antagonistic effect on digestibility in ternary complexes.

Abstract: Models of neutron and strange stars are considered in the approximation of a uniform density distribution. A universal algebraic equation, valid for any equation of state, is used to find the approximate mass of a star of a given density without resorting to the integration of differential equations. Equations of state for neutron stars had been taken for degenerate neutron gas and for more realistic ones, used by Bethe, Malone, Johnson (1975). Models of homogeneous strange stars for the equation of state in the "quark bag model" have a simple analytical solution. The solutions presented in the paper for various equations of state differ from the exact solutions obtained by the numerical integration of differential equations by at most ∼ 20%. The formation of strange stars is examined as a function of the deconfinement boundary (DB), at which quarks become deconfined. Existing experimental data indicate that matter reaches very high densities in the vicinity of the DB. This imposes strong constraints on the maximum mass of strange stars and prohibits their formation at the final stages of stellar evolution, because the limiting mass of neutron stars is substantially higher and corresponds to considerably lower matter densities.

Abstract:

Gastric cancer (GC0 is primarily caused by Helicobacter pylori infection and smoking, with a higher incidence in families with multiple GC cases owing to lifestyle and genetic factors. The use of medications to eradicate H. pylori can reduce the incidence of GC. Furthermore, GC is the fourth most common cancer, affecting one in 11 men (9.1%) and one in 23 women (4.38%). The incidence of GC increases after 50 years of age, particularly among men. However, the reason for difference in incidence rates between both sexes remains unclear. We investigated the incidence of GC in families with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC). The results showed that the incidence of GC in families with HBOC was 4.2 times higher than that in other families. Furthermore, the incidence of gastric cancer in families with HBOC and other families was 74.57% and 53.67% in men, respectively. Overall, the higher incidence of gastric cancer in men than that in women may be due to the underlying cause of hereditary GC.

Abstract: This study numerically examined the anchorage mechanism of rebar hooks under varying straight development lengths, including high stress levels. A Three-Dimensional Rigid Body Spring Model (3D-RBSM) was used for the investigation, which the model has successfully reproduced the experimental pullout test stress–slip relationships and inner–outer strain distributions for the case of bonded hook part with and without a straight development length. The numerical model, which considered both hook and straight development length was able to output local concrete stresses and internal crack propagation enabling a clear interpretation of how straight development length influences the anchor-age mechanism. The results revealed that increasing straight development length increases stiffness, reduces rebar strains and concrete stresses in the hook region, promotes crack formation around the rebar surface and forms maximum tensile stresses closer to the top surface, ultimately resulting in earlier splitting failure at high rebar stress levels. A comparison of cases with and without hooks shows that combining the hook with straight development length improves stress distribution, delays crack propagation and increases anchorage by reducing tensile stress concentrations near the top surface and side faces. The findings offer insights to support rebar hook anchorage design and review of existing standards.

Abstract: Background: Automated visual field testing is fundamental in ophthalmology, but differences in stimulus scaling and luminance between devices hinder direct comparison of sensitivity values. Virtual reality (VR)–based perimetry has emerged as a portable alternative, yet its relationship with conventional perimetry requires clarification. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study included 60 healthy participants stratified into younger (< 50 years) and older (≥ 50 years) groups. Differential light sensitivity was assessed in the right eye using Humphrey Automated Perimetry (HFA 30-2) and a VR-based perimeter (Dicopt-Pro) in randomized order. Pointwise sensitivity values were analyzed using linear regression and Bland–Altman analysis, and sensitivity profiles were examined as a function of visual field eccentricity. Results: A strong linear relationship was observed between HFA and Dicopt-Pro sensitivity values in both age groups (R ≥ 0.96). A systematic and approximately constant inter-device offset was identified, with mean differences of 15.7 ± 0.4 dB in younger subjects and 13.7 ± 0.5 dB in older subjects. Bland–Altman analysis showed consistent bias without proportional error. Dicopt-Pro sensitivity profiles demonstrated an eccentricity-dependent decline comparable to HFA while preserving age-related differences. Conclusions: VR-based perimetry using Dicopt-Pro shows sensitivity patterns closely aligned with conventional Humphrey perimetry when a systematic, age-specific inter-device offset is considered.

Abstract: We integrate static taint analysis with dynamic fuzzing to target high-impact kernel code paths. A pruning mechanism removes irrelevant taint propagation, while symbolic constraints are applied only to tainted regions to control overhead. Evaluated on 18 kernel subsystems, the hybrid fuzzer achieves 44% more taint-relevant path hits, identifying 13 bugs, including buffer overflows and pointer dereferences. Symbolic overhead remains limited (≤18%) through selective propagation. This hybrid design efficiently directs fuzzing toward semantically meaningful kernel logic, demonstrating a productive balance of taint tracking and dynamic mutation.

Abstract:

Neurodegenerative research has long hypothesized that aggregated proteins such as amyloid‑β (Aβ), tau, and α‑synuclein (αSyn) are intrinsically toxic and are directly associated with the etiologies of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, emerging scientific evidence challenges this view. Plasma p‑tau217 shows weak correlation with cognitive severity, αSyn seed amplification assays provide only binary diagnostic support, and anti‑amyloid monoclonal antibodies yield modest short-term benefit while increasing amyloid-related imaging abnormality (ARIA) risk. Postmortem pathology and fluid biomarkers explain only a limited amount of variance in clinical outcomes, undermining their role as surrogate endpoints. We propose a biophysical framework in which aggregation reflects a supersaturation-driven phase transition that signals depletion of soluble, functional monomers rather than the emergence of toxic species. Within this paradigm, amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and Lewy bodies represent tombstones of lost protein function, and neurodegeneration occurs when monomer supply falls below neuronal demand. This shift has practical implications for biomarker interpretation, staging, and therapeutic design. Future directions include quantifying monomer flux using stable-isotope labeling kinetics (SILK), integrating supply and demand ratios, and prioritizing mechanism-testing trials that restore protein homeostasis rather than indiscriminately clear aggregates. By reframing pathology as a marker of stress rather than a maker of disease, this approach may enable more effective precision therapeutics based on human biology.

Abstract:

Kidney disease, be it acute or chronic, has a complex pathology and is a significant human health problem. Increasing interest has been focused on exploring therapeutic targets that can be used to safeguard kidney function under a variety of detrimental conditions. In this article, we review the protective effects of 5-methoxytryptophan (5-MTP), a tryptophan metabolite, on kidney injury. Published studies indicate that serum 5-MTP is increased in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), suggesting that 5-MTP is a biomarker for CKD and has therapeutic values. Indeed, rodent models of kidney injury induced by folic acid, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), and ischemia/reperfusion all demonstrate that exogenous 5-MTP exhibits nephroprotective effects. The underlying mechanisms involve anti-oxidative damage via activating antioxidant systems such as Nrf2/heme oxygenase-1, anti-inflammation, anti-fibrosis, and enhanced mitophagy. To further explore the underlying mechanisms and the potential of 5-MTP as a kidney therapeutic compound, future studies need to include more rodent models of kidney injury induced by a variety of insults. Moreover, how to boost endogenous 5-MTP content and its potential synergistic effects with other therapeutic approaches aiming to combat kidney diseases also remain to be explored.

Abstract: CAD/CAM hybrid ceramic materials have been increasingly used in restorative dentistry due to their ability to combine ceramic strength with the handling advantages of composite resins. The present study focused on how surface treatment protocols and commonly used immersion solutions affect the color stability and surface roughness of these materials. For this purpose, 256 specimens were fabricated from Vita Enamic, Lava Ultimate, Cerasmart, and Shofu Block HC. Following surface treatment using either mechanical polishing or Optiglaze, the specimens were immersed in coffee, red wine, cola, or distilled water for 14 days. Color difference (ΔE₀₀) and surface roughness (Ra) were measured at baseline and after 7 and 14 days. Data were analyzed using three-way repeated measures ANOVA (p < 0.05). Polymer matrix composition and surface treatment significantly influenced color stability and surface roughness (p < 0.05). Coffee and red wine caused the greatest discoloration, particularly in Bis-GMA- and TEGDMA-containing materials, while Cerasmart demonstrated the highest color stability. Although Optiglaze reduced surface roughness, it was associated with increased color change over time. These results emphasize the role of polymer composition and surface treatment in the esthetic performance of hybrid ceramic CAD/CAM materials.

Abstract: Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) is a cost-effective method for fabricating large aluminum components; however, it tends to suffer from heat accumulation and coarse anisotropic microstructures, which can limit the part's performance and its mechanical properties. In this study, a wall is fabricated using a hybrid unified additive deformation manufacturing process (UAMFSP) method, which integrates friction stir processing (FSP) into WAAM, and is compared with a WAAM-only wall fabricated by Metal Inert Gas (MIG) deposition. Based on the outcomes, Infrared (IR) thermography revealed progressive heat buildup in WAAM-only MIG walls, with peak layer temperatures of about 870 to 1000 °C and occasional clipped peaks near the IR-camera limit (~1300 °C). In contrast, in the UAMFSP process, heat was redistributed through mechanical stirring, maintaining more uniform sub-solidus profiles below approximately 400 °C. Also, optical microscopy and quantitative image analysis showed that MIG walls developed coarse, dendritic grains with a mean grain area of about 314 µm², whereas the UAMFSP produced refined, equiaxed grains with a mean grain area of about 10.9 µm², which is approximately 1.5 orders of magnitude smaller. Mechanical performance assessment through microhardness measurement confirmed that the UAMFSP process can improve the hardness by 45.8% compared to the MIG process (75.8 ± 7.7 HV vs. 52.0 ± 1.3 HV; p = 0.0027). In summary, the outcomes of this study introduce the UAMFSP process as a robust method for addressing the thermal and microstructural limitations of WAAM and improving the performance of the fabricated part. By combining deposition with plastic deformation, UAMFSP enables the fabrication of aluminum parts with fine isotropic microstructures and improved strength. These findings provide a framework for further extending hybrid additive-deformation strategies to thicker builds, alternative alloys, and service-relevant mechanical evaluations.

Abstract: Dysphagia, or difficulty swallowing, is a significant issue that impacts 10% to 33% of the elderly population and can lead to serious complications such as aspiration, malnutrition, and weight loss. To overcome these obstacles, there is a critical need for comprehensive rheological data and detailed information on food texture, specifically designed to align with local eating habits and cooking methods. This study aims to develop tables of rheological properties for foods commonly consumed by older adults in Portugal. Additionally, it will assess the impact of water quality on these properties during the cooking process. Based on this data, we will develop texture-modified diets that meet the nutritional needs of elderly dysphagic patients, ensuring they are safe, palatable, and practical for everyday care settings.