Abstract: Kaon condensation in hyperon-mixed matter [(Y+K) phase], which may be realized in neutron stars, is discussed on the basis of chiral symmetry. With use of the effective chiral Lagrangian for kaon (K)-baryon (B) and K-K interactions, coupled with the relativistic mean-field theory and universal three-baryon repulsive interaction, we clarify the effects of the s-wave K-B scalar interaction simulated by the K-B sigma terms and vector interaction (Tomozawa-Weinberg term) on kaon properties in hyperon-mixed matter, onset density of kaon condensation, and the EOS with the (Y+K) phase. In particular, the quark condensates in the (Y+K) phase are obtained, and their relevance to chiral symmetry restoration is discussed.

Abstract: We suggest a specification for dark matter. We suggest concepts that associate with gravitational repulsion between objects. Together, the dark-matter aspects and gravitational aspects seem to explain data that may otherwise be unexplained. Some of the data pertains to ratios of dark-matter effects to ordinary-matter effects regarding galaxy evolution, depletion of cosmic microwave background radiation, and the compositions of galaxy clusters. Some of the data pertains to eras in the evolution of the universe. We assume that nature includes six isomers of a set of most elementary particles. One left-handed isomer underlies ordinary-matter stuff. One similar right-handed isomer underlies some not-cold dark-matter stuff. The other four isomers underlie cold-dark-matter stuff. A novel use of multipole notions and special relativity points to aspects of gravity that repel objects from each other. We suggest that the dark-matter and gravitational aspects can provide bases for tuning cosmological models of the universe.

Abstract: Cosmic ray muon tomography is a promising method for the non-invasive inspection of shipping containers and trucks. It leverages the highly penetrating cosmic muons and their interactions with various materials to generate three-dimensional images of large and dense objects, such as inter-modal shipping containers, which are typically opaque to conventional X-ray radiography techniques. One of the key tasks of customs and border security is verifying shipping container declarations to prevent illegal trafficking, and muon tomography offers a viable solution for this purpose. Common imaging methods using muons rely on data analysis of either muon scattering or absorption-transmission. We have designed a compact muon tomography system with dimensions of 3 × 3 × 3 m3, consisting of 2-D position-sensitive detectors. These detectors include plastic scintillators, wavelength-shifting (WLS) fibers, and SiPMs. Through light transport modeling with GEANT4, we demonstrated that the proposed detector design—featuring 1 m × 1 m scintillator plates with 2 mm2 square-shaped WLS fibers—can achieve a spatial resolution of approximately 0.7-1.0 mm. Through Monte Carlo simulations, we show that a combined analysis of muon scattering and absorption data enables prompt identification of cargo materials. In a smuggling scenario where tobacco is declared as paper towel rolls, the combined analysis accurately distinguishes between tobacco and paper towel rolls with 3 σ confidence at 1 mm spatial resolution, within a short scanning time of 40 seconds for the entire 20-foot shipping container.

Abstract: We designed and evaluated performance of a high resolution large-area detector for positron emission tomography (PET) based on a crystal assembly readout using wavelength-shifting (WLS) fibers, offering a cost-effective alternative to the direct readout of monolithic crystals with photodetectors. The considered detector geometries are made up of 4×4 assembly of LuY2SiO5:Ce (LYSO) crystal scintillators, each with surface area of 50×50 mm2 and thickness 7 or 15 mm optically coupled together using optical adhesive. The crystal assembly is coupled with orthogonal wavelength-shifting (WLS) fibers of square cross-section placed on the top and bottom of the assembly. To evaluate the characteristics of the novel detector we used the GEANT4 to perform optical photon transport in the crystal assembly and WLS fibers. The simulation results show that best position resolution achieved is around 1.6 mm FWHM and 3.8 mm FWTM for crystal thickness 7 mm and 1.5 mm FWHM and 4.8 mm FWTM for crystal thickness 15 mm. Compared to direct photosensor readout, WLS fibers can drastically reduce the number of photosensors required while covering a larger sensitive detection area. In proposed detector design 2N photodetectors are used to cover the same image area instead of N2 with direct readout. This design allows for the development of a compact detector with an expanded effective field of view and reduced cost.

Abstract: This research answers the knowledge gap regarding the explanation of the quantum jump of the electron. This scientific paper aims to complete Einstein’s research regarding general relativity and attempt to link general relativity to quantum laws.

Abstract: We consider a particular model of a `Source’ of independent particles and a macroscopic `Detector’ that are both tuned to the same resonance frequency ν0≡1/P. Particles are emitted by the Source at exact multiples of the resonance period P, and the Detector absorbs them with a certain probability at any one of its points. The Detector may also `announce’ the detection of the absorbed particle. Any particle that is not absorbed at a certain point passes through to a deeper layer in the interior of the Detector. Eventually, all particles will be absorbed (i.e. detected). We calculate the probability of detection of two time-series of particles generated by the same Source that reach the Detector with a time delay δt between themselves, and show that it manifests the illusion of collective (wave-like) interference with particle number conservation.

Abstract:

Objects with angular momentum (rotation) are known to exhibit an effect called LenseThirring (LT) precession whereby locally inertial frames are dragged along the rotating spacetime. Such effect has been usually associated to celestial bodies, and especially studied in the case of black holes and neutron stars, but I show here that Lense Thirring precession can be also very relevant for small objects under some specific conditions exposed in this paper. The precession effect is calculated for any object rotating around of one of its axes of symmetry, regardless of its rotation speed, mass and moment of inertia. The influence of Lense-Thirring in such objects allows to create concavities and convexities in space-time around them. As consequence, the gravity effect over them can be counteracted, experimenting effects equivalents to partial gravity, zero gravity and even anti-gravity. Different objects in morphology and density (homogeneus) are studied as examples using some simplifications but the method could be widely extended to anyone. Kerr spacetime metric is applied. Some limitations of Kerr metric are also exposed. A set of graphics showing the relevance of LT effect in function of morphology, colatitude, size, number of rpm and even kind of material are created. Finally an analysis of the results obtained is done. As consequence of them, it’s proven that LT effect should be also taken on account to be applied not only to small objects but to space crafts designs. This paper arises as a “second part” of the Zero Gravity Theory , as a consequence of have been this Theory widely proven. This study applies the same concepts involved in the Zero Gravity Theory but counteracting in this case the gravity with the consequences of applying Lense-Thirring effect instead simply spin .

Abstract: Previously we extended the definition of spin 12 by including coherence in addition to the usual polarization. This followed after noting that the geometric product of two Pauli spin components has contributions from both a Pauli vector and a Pauli bivector, but the Dirac equation has no bivector. Introducing one complexifies the Dirac field, leading to the definition of helicity which is the complementary property to spin polarization. The resulting symmetry change leads to the resolution of the EPR paradox and disproves Bell’s Theorem. In this paper, we expand on the symmetry and parity arguments which support quaternion, or Q-spin. We relate it to Twistor theory, and discuss the implication on Dirac’s matter-antimatter production. We show that Q-spin has a number of similarities with a photon. We summarize the symmetry breaking where the classical domain bifurcates into complementary quantum domains of matter and torques.

Abstract: We explore the integration of smart pixel light modulators (SPLMs) into bidirectional optical neural networks (BONNs), highlighting their advantages over traditional spatial light modulators (SLMs). SPLMs enhance BONN performance by enabling faster light modulation in both directions, significantly increasing the refresh rate of neural network weights to hundreds of megahertz, thus facilitating the practical implementation of the backpropagation algorithm and two-mirror-like BONN structures. The architecture of an SPLM-based BONN (SPBONN) features bidirectional modulation, simplifying hardware with electrical fan-in and fan-out. Scalability limitations of the projection system restrict input and output array sizes but achieve high throughput, up to 4.3 × 10¹⁶ MAC/s with 10 layers. Energy assessments showed that the SPLM array, despite its higher power consumption compared to the SLM array, is manageable via effective heat dissipation. Smart pixels with programmable memory in the SPBONN provide a cost-effective solution for expanding network node size and overcoming scalability limitations without the need for additional hardware.

Abstract: This study proposes a novel theoretical approach to understanding the statistical mechanical similarities between nuclear fission phenomena and semiconductor physics. Using the Hill-Wheeler formula as a quantum mechanical distribution function and establishing its correspondence with the Fermi-Dirac distribution function, we analyzed nuclear fission processes for nine nuclides (232Th, 233U, 235U, 238U, 237Np, 239Pu, 240Pu, 242Pu, 241Am) using JENDL-5.0 data.