Version 1
: Received: 28 January 2020 / Approved: 29 January 2020 / Online: 29 January 2020 (10:35:17 CET)
Version 2
: Received: 21 March 2023 / Approved: 21 March 2023 / Online: 21 March 2023 (15:44:21 CET)
Version 3
: Received: 7 March 2024 / Approved: 8 March 2024 / Online: 8 March 2024 (15:31:32 CET)
How to cite:
Piyadasa, C. An Alternative Model of Gravitational Forces in Nature Using the Combined Effects of Repulsion and Attraction Forces on Gaseous Molecules. Preprints2020, 2020010350. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202001.0350.v2
Piyadasa, C. An Alternative Model of Gravitational Forces in Nature Using the Combined Effects of Repulsion and Attraction Forces on Gaseous Molecules. Preprints 2020, 2020010350. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202001.0350.v2
Piyadasa, C. An Alternative Model of Gravitational Forces in Nature Using the Combined Effects of Repulsion and Attraction Forces on Gaseous Molecules. Preprints2020, 2020010350. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202001.0350.v2
APA Style
Piyadasa, C. (2023). An Alternative Model of Gravitational Forces in Nature Using the Combined Effects of Repulsion and Attraction Forces on Gaseous Molecules. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202001.0350.v2
Chicago/Turabian Style
Piyadasa, C. 2023 "An Alternative Model of Gravitational Forces in Nature Using the Combined Effects of Repulsion and Attraction Forces on Gaseous Molecules" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202001.0350.v2
Abstract
Laboratory experiments and natural phenomena investigations in this research series experimentally revealed the existence of gravitational repulsion force dependent on thermal energy content, pervading our surroundings both microscopically and macroscopically. This paper presents an alternative mathematical model of both gravitational repulsion and attraction forces between two gaseous molecules, validated by experimental data. The model is self-standing and independent of existing models built on idealistic assumptions. While existing models considered gravitational interaction as a single force, the presented experimental model considers it the resultant of two distinct forces: gravitational repulsion and attraction. When established experimental data on nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, water vapor, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide were applied, the model performed, both analytically and experimentally: (1) confirming the existence of both gravitational repulsion and attraction forces among gas molecules, (2) demonstrating that the two forces follow Inverse-Cube relationship with the distance between molecules, (3) revealing that repulsion force is linearly proportional to the absolute temperature, thus filling the critical gap between energy and fundamental forces. Orders of magnitude of gravitational repulsion and attraction forces are very large compared to the gravitational force between gas molecules calculated according to the classical theory, enabling manipulation to achieve hitherto unknown outcomes and developments.
Keywords
gravitational attraction; gravitational repulsion; intermolecular forces; thermal energy; specific heat; inverse cube law
Subject
Physical Sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Received:
21 March 2023
Commenter:
Chithra Piyadasa
Commenter's Conflict of Interests:
Author
Comment: Content of the manuscript was improved. Additional established experimental data on hydrogen, oxygen, water vapor, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide were applied for further substantiation of the research findings. Graphical abstract was added.
Commenter: Chithra Piyadasa
Commenter's Conflict of Interests: Author